高考复习之复合句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-08-16
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高考复习之复合句 所谓复合句是指含有从句的句子,从句的重要标志是引导词—连词。一般来讲,任何一个从句都含有一个引导词,从句分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。 第一节 名词性从句 概念:名词性从句指从句的作用相当于一个名词,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 形式:下列连词引导名词性从句: 1. that:本身无词义,在从句中无成分。 2. Whether,if和as if:连词本身有词义,“是否”,“好像”,但在从句中无成分。 3. Who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how:疑问词作连词,本身有词义,且在从句中有成分。 ◆ 用法 1. 做主语 例1.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 上星期他突然病倒是我们都感到吃惊。(that引导主语从句) 例2.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 你来不来关系不太大。(whether引导主语从句,it作形式主语) 例3.Who will come is not important. 谁要来不重要。(who引导主语从句) 2. 作表语:系动词后面是表语从句。 例:The question was who could go there. 问题是谁能去那儿。(who引导表语从句) 3. 作宾语:动词或介词后面都可以接宾语从句 例1:He said that the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来。(两个that引导的都是宾语从句) 例2:I always think of what I can do for others. 我总是想能为别人做点儿什么。(what引导的从句作介词of的宾语) 4. 做同位语:同谓语前面一定有一个名词。 例1.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊。(that引导同位语从句,说明名词fact的内容) 例2.I have no idea when they will arrive. 我不知道他们什么时候到达。(when引导同位语从句,说明名词idea的内容) 注意 1.Whether与if引导名词性从句有区别:if只能引导宾语从句,通常不与or not连用,不与不定式连用。 2.宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应,主句为动词过去时,宾语从句使用相应的过去式、过去完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时等。 3.宾语从句否定前移问题,当主句中有I think(suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess)时,应当在主句中用否定形式,但是翻译成汉语是要对后面从句否定。应当注意的是:当主语必须是“I”时才这样使用。若是其他主语时,应当按照汉语的意思,在从句中用动词否定形式。 例1.I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对。 例2.I don’t believe they will win the game.我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛。 例3:She supposed that we couldn’t arrive so early.她认为我们不会这么早到。 4.同位语从句一般用that引出,补充说明从句前面的一个名词所代表的内容,通常是:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等名词。当从句有疑问意思时,可以用其他引导词。 例1.Everyone knows the fact the earth goes round the sun.众所周知地球围绕太阳转。 例2.I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 第二节 形容词性从句(定语从句) 概念:形容词性从句指从句在句子中起形容词作用,形容词的主要功能是作定语,所以,形容词性从句又叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。英语中定语从句要放在先行词之后,引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词,因为连词与先行词有关系,一般为“代替”关系,代词从句中和先行词内容一样的词,因此,定语从句又叫关系从句。 形式:定语从句有两种: 1. 限定性定语从句:从句和先行词的关系密不可分,没有从句,整句的意思就不完整,翻译成汉语时是“...的...”一句话。 2. 非限定性定语从句:从句和先行词的关系不密切,只是补充说明;与主句之间用逗号隔开,翻译成汉语时往往是两句话,先行词往往是独一无二的事物。 ◆ 用法 引导形容词性从句的关系词很重要,作为从句的重要标志,指代先行词,在从句中充当成分。 1. who, whom, that, which, as:在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 2. Whose:在从句中作宾语。 3. Where, when, why:在从句中作状语。 例1.She is the girl who sings best of all. 它是所有人中唱歌最好听的那个女孩。(关系词who指代先行词the girl,在从句中作主语) 例2.Li Hua is one of the girls who have the chances.李华是那些有机会的女孩之一。(who指人:the girls,动词用复数have) 例3.I won’t tell them the news, which will make them sad.我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,那会使他们悲伤的。(which指事:the news;在非限定性定语从句中不用that) 例4.The lady(whom, who, that)you saw just now is my mother.你刚才看见的那位女士是我妈妈。(关系代词指人在句中作宾语时,可省略) 例5.That is the boy whose father died three years ago.那就是三年前他爸爸去世的那个小男孩。(whose指人:the boy’s) 例6.Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red.情敌给我书皮是红色的那个笔记本。(关系词whose指代先行词the notebook,在从句中做定语) 例7.A steel plant is a place where steel is made.钢厂是生产钢的地方。(关系词where与先行词the place有关系,代替从句中的in the place,在从句中作状语,原句为:steel in made in the place) 例8.As everyone knows, he is honest. =He is honest, as everyone knows. 众所周知,他很诚实。 (引导词as 指代先行词he is honest整句内容,在定语从句中作know的宾语,表示“正如,正像) 例9.He must be from Africa,as can be seen from his skin. 从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲。(as指主句:he must be from Africa) 例10.He has the same computer as I had. 他的电脑和我从前一样。 (先行词computer 前有the same修饰,关系词用as) 例11。Bamboo is hollow, which makes them very light. 竹子是中空的,这使它们很轻。(which指代主句:bamboo is hollow) 注意 *关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 *as前面常有such或the same修饰先行词。 *that和which都能指物,指物时可以互换。 *that也能指人,但下列情况必须用that: 1.先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等不定代词时; 2.先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时: 3.先行词前有the only, the very, the same,the last等词修饰时; 4.先行词既有人也有物时; 5.疑问词作先行词时。 例1.I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off on the floor. 我看到桌子上所有的杯子都掉到了地板上了。 例2.The parks are the cleanest parks that you can imagine. 这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园。 例3.Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe. 玉米并不是被传往欧洲的惟一食物。 例4.They talked about things and persons that they remembered. 他们谈起所记起的人和事。 例5.What that he said made you so happy? 他说了什么话让你那么高兴? 注意:下列情况时用which 1. 从句中的介词移到关系词前面时。 2. 引导非限定性定语从句时。 例1.This is the book about which we are talking now. 这时我们正谈论的那本书。 例2.Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expect.汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的。 第三节 副词性从句(状语从句) 概念:副词性从句就是指从句在句中相当于一个副词的作用,副词在句中通常作状语,因此,副词性从句又叫状语从句。 形式:状语从句可以用来表示动词发生的时间、条件、地点、原因、目的、让步、结果、比较等。表示时间的状语从句也叫时间状语从句。 ◆ 用法 引导状语从句的连接词都有词义,所以,了解连接词的意思能够帮助判断是表示什么的状语从句。连接词按词义分为九种: 1. 时间:when, as, while, till, until, before, after, since, as soon as, the moment, immediately, last (next, every) time, hardly...when, no sooner...than ... 2. 地点:where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere, somewhere 3. 原因:because, as, since, now that, in that 4. 条件:if, unless, once, so(as)long as, on condition that 5. 让步:though, whatever(疑问词+ever),as(倒装句),even though, even if, no matter what(how, where...) 6. 目的:so that, in order that. in case 7. 结果:so...that, such...that 8. 比较:than, as...as 9. 方式:as, just as, as if, as though 例1.I fell asleep when he was doing his homework. 他写作业时,我睡着了。(when引导时间状语从句) 例2.When he arrived in Shanghai, his mother met him at the station. 他到上海市,他妈妈去车站接他。(when引导时间状语从句) 例3.She always sings as she walks. 她总是一边走路一边唱歌。(as引导时间状语从句) 例4.It was not long before he told me about this affair. 没过多长时间他就把这件事情告诉我了。(before引导时间状语从句) 例5.He has worked very hard since he entered the factory. 他进厂以后工作一直很努力。(since引导时间状语从句) 例6.Where there is a will there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。(where引导地点状语从句) 例7.She didn’t come to school because she was ill. 因为生病,她没来上学。(because引导原因状语从句) 例8.As he did not know very much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary. 由于英语知道的不多,他就查词典。(as引导原因状语从句) 例9.Now that (Since)I’ve told you twice, you must know it. 既然我已经跟你说过两次,你应该记住了。(now that引导原因状语从句) 例10.Once he says that, he will do it. 他一旦说了,就会去做。(once引导原因状语从句) 例11.Unless I receive the letter from him, I won’t write to him again. 如果我收不到他的回信,就不再给他写。(unless引导原因状语从句) 例12.So long as you work hard, you are sure to succeed. 只要你努力,就一定能成功。(so long as引导原因状语从句) 例13.Though we were neither very big nor very strong, we were a good team. 虽然我们球队不大,实力也不强,但我们是一支好的队伍。(though引导让步状语从句) 例14.No matter who she is, she’ll have to wait in line. 不管她是谁,她也得排队等候。(no matter who引导让步状语从句) 例15.Poor as he was, he was honest. 虽然他穷,但他很诚实。(as引导让步状语从句) 例16.It also shows you the caller’s telephone number in order that you can recognize who it is. 电话号码给你显示出来,为的是让你知道是谁打的电话。(in order that 引导目的状语从句) 例17.He was so excited that he could not say a word. 他太激动了,一句话也说不出来。(that引导结果状语从句) 例18.He works as hard as he used to. 他和从前一样努力。(as引导比较状语从句) 例19.You must do as I told you. 你必须按照我说的那样去做。(as引导方式状语从句) 注意 在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将要发生的事情。 例1.If I have nothing to do tonight, I’ll go to the cinema. 如果今晚没事儿的话,我就去看场电影。 例2.Please tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来就把这消息告诉他。 汉语中,表示因果关系用“因为...所以”关联词,英语中,because和so不能连用,因为两个都是连词,引导的都是从句,这样会造成没有主句,那么二者只能选择其一。汉语的转折关系“虽然...但是...”,英语也不能同时用though(although)和but,只能选择其一。 例1.Though he is young, ha knows a lot. (√) Though he is young, but he knows a lot. (×) 例2.Because he was ill, he didn’t come yesterday. (√) 同意连词可引导不同作用的从句,如:where, since, as, when等。 例1.You’ll find it where it was. 你会在它原来所在的地方找到它。(地点状语从句) 例2.Tell me the address where he lives. 请告诉我他居住的地址。(定语从句) 例3.I don’t know where he came from. 我不知道他从哪儿来。(宾语从句) 例4.Where he has gone is not known yet. 他去哪儿了,没人知道。(主语从句) 例5.This is where they once lived. 这就是他们从前住过的地方。(表语从句) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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高考复习之复合句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高考复习之复合句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高考复习之复合句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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