英语短语动词系列 替代篇 清单 2026届高考英语一轮复习

英语短语动词系列 替代篇 福建省 陈振金 2025年8月1日 本文选取《普通高中英语课程标准》（2017年版2020修订）里单个动词所对应的短语动词，并附高考真题，以期帮助师生的教与学！研究三十多年的全国卷真题发现，高考阅读理解考查短语动词的规律：短语动词对应单个动词、短语动词对应短语动词进行同义替换。 短语动词是英语中一个重要的范畴，地道、丰富的英语表达往往离不开短语动词的准确使用，我们不难发现以英语为母语的人士在日常交谈与写作中往往喜欢使用这类动词加小品词的组合，而不用词义相近的单词，以丰富语言的变化，展现语义上不同的层次与微妙的区别。 ——《牛津短语动词词典》(英汉双解版,第2版) 在日常英语交流中，短语动词的使用相当普遍，其出现频率甚至超过了相应的动词。 ——《英语短语动词》（田臻，2020） 了解应在何时使用短语动词以及什么词汇空缺需要使用短语动词来填补是使英语自然地道的两大要素。 ——《英语短语动词》（田臻，2020） 研究发现，学习者在短语动词使用中一直存在着困难，他们倾向于回避使用短语动词 ，而使用与之对应的单个英语动词。 ——英语学习者对英语短语动词的回避现象研究（张彬，2007 )。 单个英语动词 对应的短语动词 abandon give up absorb take in accept take up address deal with admire look up to advance  get ahead annoy wind up anticipate look forward to appear show up/come out approach come up to argue talk back arrange fix up arrive come in/turn up assess size up attack set on attend  turn out/turn up avoid get out of/shy away from begin kick off/go ahead/set in block jam up break fall apart brighten light up burden  weigh down calculate work out/figure out cancel  call off cause bring about/result in/lead to challenge take on cheat take in choose go for clean wash down close board up/shut up clown fool around collapse fall down collect pick up communicate put across/get across complete finish off/see through  comprehend catch on/cotton on conclude wrap up confuse  mix up connect hook up consider think over/turn over/weigh up consume  eat up contain bottle up continue go on/carry on contract come down with copy back up consult refer to couple hook up cover deal with crash fall over criticize take apart/tear into/get at cross pass through date go with decline fall off decrease  come down/fall off/go down defeat knock out defend stand up for delay  put off/hold up/set back delete cross out deliver drop off demand call for depress bring down/get down destroy kill off/wipe out develop bring on devote put in die pass away disappear fade away/go away disappoint let down discount mark down discover find out discuss talk over dismiss lay off display lay out/set out distinguish make out distribute give out disturb break into divide split up do  carry out draft draw up draw pull in drop fall back earn pick up ease smooth over educate bring up embarrass show up emerge come out emphasize point up empty turn out encounter come across encourage cheer on/egg on end break up enlarge blow up enjoy lap up enter come in/go in escape get away establish set up examine look at excuse let off exhaust wear out/tire out experience go through explain account for explode go off/blow up extend spread out extinguish put out face stand up to fail fall through faint black out faint pass out/black out fall come down fasten tie up/do up fetch go for find track down finish get through fire let off/lay off fit  put in follow stick to forget leave behind form make up freeze ice over gain put on gather round up grasp take in guard watch over handle deal with harvest bring in/gather in hesitate hang back hide cover up highlight point up/bring out hit lay into identify pin down ignore pass over/brush aside improve pick up/look up include take in increase go up/step up/build up indicate point out inspect look over intend start out interrupt break in intervene step in introduce bring in invent cook up/make up investigate look into involve draw in issue put out kill cut down land touch down last hold out learn pick up leave go off/head off/set off lift pick up like go in for/care for/go for lose go down mail send off maintain keep up manage get by match go with mature grow up mean get at meet get together mention bring up/touch on mix add together murder bump off notice pick up on obey keep to obtain come by occupy take up occur come about organize set up overcome get over part split up participate join in pass go by persuade talk into/talk round phone call up plug fill in postpone put off pretend make out prevent ward off/head off produce turn out/bring out profit cash in progress come along/come on promote move up propose put forward prove bear out provide lay on publish put out pursue go after quit give up raise bring up reach get to realise cotton on/wake up to recall think back/turn back receive pick up record write down recover bounce back reduce cut down refuse  turn down register check in reject turn down relax chill out release put out remember look back remove take away repair patch up replace put back represent stand for request ask for require call for resemble take after reserve put aside/set aside/keep back resign stand down/step down resolve sort out respond come back restore bring back return give back/go back reveal give away rise get up ruin mess up score chalk up search look around see make out select pick out separate break up/split up serve  wait on/dish up shoot gun down/blow away shorten cut down/take up shout cry out silence shut up sink go down socialize go out solve sort out spot pick out start kick off steal knock off/make off with stimulate work up/stir up stop pull up store lay in strengthen beef up strike come out submit send in succeed come off/get on/win out/win through suggest put forward summarize sum up support back up/stand by survive live on/come through/pull through surprise take aback tackle deal with test try out tolerate put up with total add up to/amount to trap pen in trip fall over trust swear by understand catch on/figure out/take in/make out/work out unite band together visit drop in volunteer step forward wait  hang on/hang around waste throw away watch look out win carry off/pick up withdraw pull back wrap do up 高考真题链接：2018年英语全国Ⅰ卷 CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 答案解析：本小题考查考生理解文章主旨要义的能力。本题问本篇短文主要讲述什么内容。通读全文我们知道,狩猎时期人口少,人们使用的语言种类众多;农耕时代人口激增,语言数量减少;工业化及全球化时代，人类语言数量消亡加速，而英语、西班牙语和汉语等愈加强大。特别根据第二段中“In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear，（在近几个世纪里，贸易、工业化、国家的发展以及普遍义务教育的推广，尤其是过去几十年中全球化和通讯技术的进步，都导致了许多语言的消失）的单个英语动词“cause(导致)”与选项C的短语动词“result in（导致）”相对应，属于原文与正选项的同义替换。综上所述,本文主要讲的是:随着人类社会的发展,语言数量逐渐减少。故选项C为正确答案。 result in     导致，结果是(result结果 in在…里面→结果存在…里面→导致，结果是)His carelessness resulted in the accident. 本语义解析来自《高中英语短语动词的奥秘》一书。 高考真题链接：2017年英语全国Ⅰ卷 B I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. 25. Why was the author called to Muttontown? A. To rescue a woman.   B. To take care of a woman. C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl. 答案解析：本题问为什么有人打电话请作者去 Muttontown。根据第二和第三段可知,缘由是一位女士发现一只出生仅有2到3 周的小猫头鹰掉落到地上,这样很危险。她给作者打电话求助。作者对雏鸟进行检查后发现它没有大碍。女士在不知如何处理小猫头鹰的情况下给作者打电话，目的是让作者来查看一下这只雏鸟。选项C中的短语动词look at是“仔细查看，检查”的意思,与文中的单个英语动词examine（仔细检查）相对应,属于原文与正选项的同义替换，故选项C是正确答案。选项D的意思是让作者来治愈小猫头鹰。该选项的前提是女士知道小猫头鹰已经受伤，与原文不符,所以是错误选项。 look at (1)看，朝…看(look看at向,朝→看，朝…看)What are you looking at？ (2)仔细察看，检查(look看at向,朝→朝…详细地看→仔细察看，检查)You should get the doctor to look at that cut.(3)考虑，研究(look看at向,朝→朝…认真地看一看→考虑，研究)The new design needs to be looked at.(4)看待，认为(look看at向,朝→以某种方式朝…看→看待，认为)Happiness depends on how you look at life. 本语义解析来自《高中英语短语动词的奥秘》一书。 高考真题链接：   There were smiling children all the way. Charily they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.   I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.   It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight, Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave hack.   From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.   The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.   I looked forward to the return journey. 4.Where was the writer going? A. Johore Baru. B. The Causeway. C. Butterworth. D. Singapore. 答案解析：根据倒数第二段中的"Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth"可知，作者的目的地是Butterworth。短语动词pull up此处意为：“（车辆）停下来”，对应的单个动词是“stop”,即题目所问“Where was the writer going?”。很多考生对此意义比较陌生是造成该题答错的原因。故答案为C。 pull up (1) 拉上来, 拔起(树、草等) (pull拉,拔 up向上→拉上来, 拔起) We pulled up the weed by the root. (2) (使)马、车停住 (pull拉up往上→把马的缰绳往上提拉使马停住,引申为使车停住→(使)马、车停住) The bus pulled up in front of the school. 本语义解析来自《高中英语短语动词的奥秘》一书。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$