Unit 6 Earth first Words and Expressions 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版必修第二册

必修第2册 Unit 6　Earth first Words and Expressions 1．devote v. 致力，献身，倾注；把……用于 [佳句背诵](2022·北京卷)It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 对每个人来说，花一些时间在健康和健身上是很重要的。 [归纳拓展] (1)devote...to(doing)sth.把……献给(做)某事，把……致力于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing)sth. 致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事 (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；关于……的；专用于……的 be devoted to (doing)sth. 献身于(做)某事，专心致志于(做)某事 (3)devotion n. 深爱；奉献；忠诚 one's devotion to (doing)sth. 某人对(做)某事的奉献/深爱 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江6月卷)Leslie Nielsen's devotion to ______ (act)is wonderfully inspiring. ②I've been given a second life to devote __ something that is meaningful and enormous. ③I'm a Chinese college student majoring in Art and I'm studying in London now, so I'm deeply convinced that I can be a _______ (devote)volunteer. ④He devoted his whole life to _______ (run)school, which is the beginning of the private teaching career in Chinese educational history. (2)句式升级 Jane devotes herself to teaching the deaf children so she has little time to care for her own daughter. ⑤________________________________________, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter. (现在分词作状语) ⑥_______________________________, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter. (过去分词作状语) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江6月卷)Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting (act)is wonderfully inspiring. ②I've been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous. ③I'm a Chinese college student majoring in Art and I'm studying in London now, so I'm deeply convinced that I can be a devoted (devote)volunteer. ④He devoted his whole life to running (run)school, which is the beginning of the private teaching career in Chinese educational history. (2)句式升级 Jane devotes herself to teaching the deaf children so she has little time to care for her own daughter. ⑤Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter. (现在分词作状语) ⑥Devoted to teaching the deaf children, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter. (过去分词作状语) Tips； devote... to... 中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 2．supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)；供应(量)；补给；供给；[pl.]补给品；日用(必需)品 v. 供应；供给 [佳句背诵]Moreover, the competition will supply you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you. 此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与其他志同道合的学生建立友谊。 [归纳拓展] (1)in short supply 短缺 have a good supply of... 备有许多…… school/medical supplies学校/医疗用品 a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应 (2)为某人提供某物 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes __ the local people since the earthquake occurred. ②The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are __ short supply in this country. ③What happens when food and gasoline ________ (supply)run low? (2)一句多译 没有必要担心，我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。 ④There is no need to worry. We can _____________________________. (supply sb. with sth.) ⑤There is no need to worry. We can _____________________________. (supply sth. to sb.) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the earthquake occurred. ②The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country. ③What happens when food and gasoline supplies (supply)run low? (2)一句多译 没有必要担心，我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。 ④There is no need to worry. We can supply you with whatever you need. (supply sb. with sth.) ⑤There is no need to worry. We can supply whatever you need to you. (supply sth. to sb.) 3．reduce v. 减少，降低 [佳句背诵]Changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 改变我们的消费习惯或许是减少垃圾量和保护环境的最佳方式。 [归纳拓展] (1)reduce... by... 把……减少了…… reduce... to... 把……减少到…… be reduced to陷入某种境地(to为介词) (2)reduction n. 缩小；减少 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staff in care homes have reported a _________ (reduce)in the use of medicine where hens are in use. ②With great efforts, she has reduced her weight __ five kilograms in the past months. ③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed __ forty kilometres per hour. (2)完成句子 ④________________________________________ is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊你的感受。 ⑤His life in the big city was hard and finally he was reduced to ____________________． 他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后竟然沦落为以乞讨为生的境地。 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staff in care homes have reported a reduction (reduce)in the use of medicine where hens are in use. ②With great efforts, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past months. ③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres per hour. (2)完成句子 ④One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊你的感受。 ⑤His life in the big city was hard and finally he was reduced to begging for a living． 他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后竟然沦落为以乞讨为生的境地。 4．permission n. 允许，许可 [佳句背诵]It's wrong to read others' private letters without permission. 未经允许看别人的私人信件是不对的。 [归纳拓展] (1)with/without sb.'s permission 得到某人的允许/未经某人的许可 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 ask for permission 请求许可 (2)permit v. 许可，允许；(使)成为可能 n. 许可证 permit＋n./pron./doing 允许(做)…… permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their __________ (permit). ②You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and other books, but you are not permitted _______ (take)them out. ③We don't permit _______ (smoke)in the hospital, so you aren't permitted to smoke here, either. (2)句式升级 ④If time permits, we will spend more time doing oral and spoken practice. →_________________,we will spend more time doing oral and spoken practice. (独立主格结构) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their permission (permit). ②You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and other books, but you are not permitted to take (take)them out. ③We don't permit smoking (smoke)in the hospital, so you aren't permitted to smoke here, either. (2)句式升级 ④If time permits, we will spend more time doing oral and spoken practice. →Time permitting, we will spend more time doing oral and spoken practice. (独立主格结构) 5．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物) [佳句背诵]The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 大多数受访者更喜欢在家看电视而不是去看电影。 [归纳拓展] (1)a/the majority of... 大多数…… in the/a majority 占大多数 (2)major n. 专业；主修某科目(的学生)v. 主修；专修 adj. 大的，主要的，重要的；重大的，严重的 major in 主修……；以……为专业 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The majority of the land __________________ (destroy)so far. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)However, the majority of people ___ (be)effective speakers because they train to be. ③In fact, he inspires me to major __ English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. (2)词汇升级 ④When it comes to education, most people believe that it is a lifetime study. →When it comes to education, _____________________ believe that it is a lifetime study. 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①The majority of the land has been destroyed (destroy)so far. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)However, the majority of people are (be)effective speakers because they train to be. ③In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. (2)词汇升级 ④When it comes to education, most people believe that it is a lifetime study. →When it comes to education, the/a majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study. Tips: “the/a majority of＋名词”表示“大多数”， 谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。 6．amount n. 数量，数额 vi. 总计；等于，相当于 [佳句背诵](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 从杂货商拒绝的“丑陋”(但相当可吃)蔬菜到被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的大量未吃完的菜，扔掉了多少非常好的食物，真是令人瞠目结舌。 [归纳拓展] (1)a large/small amount of...＝large/small amounts of... 大量的/少量的…… (修饰不可数名词，large可换成huge, great, good等；谓语动词的单复数形式跟amount的单复数形式保持一致) in large/small amounts大量地/少量地 the amount of＋不可数名词 ……的数量 (2)amount to 合计；总共达到 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国甲卷)Clothing takes _ huge amount of natural resources (资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. ②Small _______ (amount)of caffeine — a cup or two of coffee a day — seem safe for most people. ③At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted __ 4.56 million. (2)一句多译 大量的钱花在了这座桥上。 ④_________________________________________________ (a large amount of) ⑤____________________________________________ (large amounts of) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国甲卷)Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. ②Small amounts (amount)of caffeine — a cup or two of coffee a day — seem safe for most people. ③At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million. (2)一句多译 大量的钱花在了这座桥上。 ④A large amount of money was spent on the bridge. (a large amount of) ⑤Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. (large amounts of) 7．urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n. 强烈的欲望，冲动，迫切的要求 [佳句背诵]When the door of our car opened, Mum stormed out instantly and urged us to put up the tent. 车门一开，妈妈就冲了出来，催我们把帐篷搭好。 [归纳拓展] (1)urge sb. to do sth. 敦促/力劝某人做某事 urge that... (should)do sth. 极力主张……做某事 it's urged that... (should)do sth. 坚决要求……做某事 urge sth. on sb. 激励某人做某事 urge on 激励，鼓励 (2)have/feel an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 (3)urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的；需迅速处理的 in urgent need of... 急需…… (4)urgency n. 紧急，迫切 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①I never felt __ urge to learn any sign language before. ②Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of _______ (urge)to do my school work immediately. ③The teacher urged the importance of studying abroad ________ his students. ④The report urged that all children _________________ (teach)to swim. (2)一句多译 我急切地敦促世界上的每一个人尽一切可能帮助那些需要帮助的人。 ⑤I am anxious to ____________________________________________ to help those in need. (urge sb. to do sth.) ⑥I am anxious to ____________________________________________________ to help those in need. (urge that...) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. ②Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency (urge)to do my school work immediately. ③The teacher urged the importance of studying abroad on/upon his students. ④The report urged that all children (should)be taught (teach)to swim. (2)一句多译 我急切地敦促世界上的每一个人尽一切可能帮助那些需要帮助的人。 ⑤I am anxious to urge everyone in the world to do everything possible to help those in need. (urge sb. to do sth.) ⑥I am anxious to urge that everyone in the world (should)do everything possible to help those in need. (urge that...) 8．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献，捐助；投稿 [佳句背诵]Besides, making a schedule is a must, for good time management will contribute to our efficiency. 此外，制定时间表是必须的，因为良好的时间管理将有助于我们的效率。 [归纳拓展] (1)contribute to (doing)sth. 造成……；为……做贡献 contribute... to/towards... 向……捐献/捐赠…… contribute to... 向……投稿 (2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件，文稿；捐助，捐献 make contributions/a contribution to 对……做出贡献 (3)contributor n. 捐款人；投稿人 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to _______ (solve)the problem. ②(2021·全国甲卷)When _____________ (contribute)were made by geniuses outside the club — women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. ③(2020·天津7月卷改编)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to __________ (depress)and even crimes. ④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly __ that positive outcome. (2)完成句子 ⑤He has ________________________ the company's success. 他对公司的成功做出了巨大的贡献。 ⑥_____________________________ the global warming. 人类活动导致了全球变暖。 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving (solve)the problem. ②(2021·全国甲卷)When contributions (contribute)were made by geniuses outside the club — women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. ③(2020·天津7月卷改编)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression (depress)and even crimes. ④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (2)完成句子 ⑤He has made great contributions to the company's success. 他对公司的成功做出了巨大的贡献。 ⑥Human activity has contributed to the global warming. 人类活动导致了全球变暖。 9．take... into account/take account of(＝take... into consideration)把……考虑在内 [佳句背诵]I together with the whole “Talk and Talk” staff, am waiting for your coming and I'd appreciate it if you take my invitation into account/consideration. 我和所有的Talk and Talk员工都在等待您的到来，如果您能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。 [归纳拓展] (1)account n. 叙述，描写；账单；账户 on account of 因为，由于 on no account/not on any account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) give an account of 叙述，描述 of no/little account 不重要，没关系 (2)account v. 认为；作出解释/说明 account for 解释，说明；占比；导致；引起 (3)accountant n. 会计师；会计 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2020·浙江7月卷)The results held true even after the scientists accounted ___ the participants' overall health status. ②Obviously, they seem to fail to take ____ account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life. ③The company takes account __ environmental issues wherever possible. (2)句式升级 ④We can on no account ignore the value of knowledge. →_____________________________________________(倒装) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2020·浙江7月卷)The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status. ②Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life. ③The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible. (2)句式升级 ④We can on no account ignore the value of knowledge. →On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. (倒装) 10．倍数表达法 [佳句背诵]It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。 [归纳拓展] (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv. 原级＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级/副词比较级＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of＋B (4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍” [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江6月卷)This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times ______ (fast)than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ③The number of students now in this school is four times ____ it was ten years ago. [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江6月卷)This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times ______ (fast)than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ③The number of students now in this school is four times ____ it was ten years ago. 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江6月卷)This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster (fast)than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ③The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago. (2)一句多译 这个大厅是我们的教室的五倍大。 ④This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. ⑤This hall is five times the size of our classroom. ⑥This hall is five times as large as our classroom. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$