2025年人教版中考英语语法复习之宾语从句专题精讲专练

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了宾语从句专题，涵盖定义、引导词、语序、时态四大核心模块，配套引导词选择、语序辨析、时态应用及综合提升等专项练习题，构建从基础概念到综合运用的复习框架。 清单通过“引导词场景分类表”“时态规则口诀”等设计细化知识点，如标注that不可省略的四种情况、if/whether的三选一原则，强化语言运用能力。练习题分级设置易错点解析，如正误语序对比，助力思维品质提升，方便学生自主查漏，也为教师提供针对性教学素材。

中考语法复习之宾语从句专题精讲专练 一、宾语从句的定义 在主从复合句中，充当宾语成分的从句被称为宾语从句。简单来说，就是用一个句子来充当宾语。例如：I know that he is a good student.（我知道他是个好学生。）在这个句子里，“that he is a good student” 整个句子作动词 “know” 的宾语，它就是宾语从句。宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及某些形容词的宾语 。 二、宾语从句的引导词 1.that：当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that在从句中无实际意义，也不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。例如：She said (that) she would come to the party.（她说她会来参加派对。） 但在以下几种情况下，that不能省略： -当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。如：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. -当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：Just then I noticed for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. -当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：I can't tell him that his mother died. -在it作形式宾语的结构中，that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语时，that不能省略。如：I think it is important that he should go home. 2.if/whether：当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转变而来时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否” 。例如：I wonder if/whether he will come tomorrow.（我想知道他明天是否会来。） 在一些情况下，只能用whether，不能用if： -与or not连用，如：I don't know whether he will come or not. -在介词后面，如：We are talking about whether we should go there. -在动词不定式前，如：He hasn't decided whether to go or not. 3.特殊疑问词：当宾语从句由特殊疑问句转变而来时，用原来的特殊疑问词（what, who, where, when, why, how等）引导。这些特殊疑问词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。比如：Can you tell me where you live?（你能告诉我你住在哪里吗？）其中where在从句中作地点状语。 三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。例如： - Do you know what he likes?（正确）你知道他喜欢什么吗？ - Do you know what does he like?（错误） 但有一种特殊情况，当宾语从句的引导词本身就是从句的主语时，语序不变。比如：I don't know who broke the window.（我不知道谁打破了窗户。）“who”既是引导词，又是从句“broke the window”的主语 。 四、宾语从句的时态 1.主现从不限：如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态。 - He says he is reading a book now.（他说他现在正在读书。）从句用现在进行时 - She tells me she will go to Beijing next week.（她告诉我她下周将去北京。）从句用一般将来时 2.主过从必过：若主句是一般过去时，从句一般要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。 - He said he was watching TV at that time.（他说他那时正在看电视。）从句用过去进行时 - He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.（他说他很快会回美国。）从句用过去将来时 3.真理永一现：当从句表示客观真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 - The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。） 五、宾语从句专项练习题（后附答案及讲解） （一）引导词的选择 1.I don't know ______ or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home 2.This depends on ______ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. that 3.The teacher asked the new student ______ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that 4.I don't know ______ Mr. Green will come to see us. He'll help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 5.—Be careful! Don't break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? —Yes, mum. A. what B. that C. why D. if 6.—Do you know ______ Mr Black's address is? —He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street. I'm not sure of ______. A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where 7.There is not much difference between the two. I really don't know ______. A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose （二）宾语从句的语序 1.Did you find out ______? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for 2.Are you interested in ______? A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it 3.I don't know ______. Can you tell me? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 4.—What did the scientist say? —He said he wondered if ______ in space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly 5.Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ______? A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where 6.She asked Tom ______ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what was the matter C. what the matter is D. what is the matter （三）宾语从句的时态 1.It's 7:30. I can't believe you ______ cooking dinner yet, Sally. A. haven't started B. didn't start C. don't start D. hadn't started 2.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ______ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 3.The teacher said that the earth ______ round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go 4.We'd like to tell you that you ______ the exam. A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass 5.“Could you tell me ______?” “Yes. They ______ to the library.” A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been C. where the twins are, have gone D. where the twins were, have gone 6.Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week. A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys 7.I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone （四）综合练习 1.I don't think he is right, ______? A. isn't he B. is he C. do I D. don't I 2.He believes she is right, ______? A. doesn't he B. does he C. is she D. isn't she 3.I thought that he disliked playing football, ______? A. didn't I B. did I C. did he D. didn't he 4.I find ______ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what 5.You can't imagine when they received the nice gift. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 6.—What did your parents think about your decision? —They always let me do ______ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what 7.Please remind me ______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what 8.Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that 9.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 10.We haven't heard from Jane for a long time. What do you consider ______ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. happening （五）难度提升 1.The problem is ______ we can master modern science and technology in a short time. A. if B. that C. what D. how 2.I took it for granted ______ he would believe in us. A. that B. what C. which D. when 3.You can choose ______ book you like among these. A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever 4.It all depends on ______ they will support us. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 5.They want to know ______ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 6.These wild flowers are so special that I would do ______ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 7.He made a promise ______ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if 8.______ we can't get seems better than ______ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 9.Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late. A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 10.I have no idea ______ we can do with these waste materials. A. . that B. what C. whether D. how 六、参考答案 （一）引导词的选择 1.A。whether...or not为固定搭配，宾语从句用陈述句语序。 2.B。介词后只能用whether引导宾语从句。 3.A。which class表示“哪个班级” 。 4.A。根据下文“He'll help us with our English”可知，上文是不知道他来的原因。 5.A。hear后面接宾语从句，what在从句中作said的宾语。 6.C。第一空问地址用what；第二空表示不确定是哪一个，用which。 7.B。在两者之间选择用which，宾语从句用陈述句语序。 （二）宾语从句的语序 1.D。宾语从句用陈述句语序，且主句是过去时，从句也用过去相关时态。 2.C。宾语从句用陈述句语序，how引导宾语从句作interested in的宾语。 3.D。询问年龄用how old，宾语从句用陈述句语序。 4.B。主句是过去时，从句用过去相关时态，且宾语从句用陈述句语序。 5.C。宾语从句用陈述句语序，“where the nearest bank is”表示“最近的银行在哪里” 6.B。“what's the matter”在宾语从句中语序不变，且主句是过去时，从句用was。 （三）宾语从句的时态 1.A。yet常与现在完成时连用。 2.A。“December 25 is Christmas Day”是客观事实，用一般现在时。 3.A。“地球绕着太阳转”是客观真理，用一般现在时。 4.A。“我们想告诉你你已经通过了考试”，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 5.C。第一空宾语从句用陈述句语序；第二空表示“去了还没回来”用have gone。 6.C。主句是过去时，从句用过去将来时。 7.C。yesterday是一般过去时的标志。 （四）综合练习 1.B。主句是I don't think等否定转移的结构，反意疑问句看从句，且前否后肯。 2.A。主句是一般现在时的肯定句，反意疑问句用doesn't he。 3.A。主句是I thought，反意疑问句看从句，用didn't he。 4.A。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。 5.B。宾语从句用陈述句语序，how修饰excited。 6.D。do后面接宾语从句，what在从句中作should后面省略的do的宾语。 7.B。根据“我可能及时去送他”可知，是提醒时间，用when。 8.A。on后面接宾语从句，根据语境表示“为什么”，用why。 9.D。指代不确定的人用it，宾语从句用陈述句语序。 10.C。do you consider是插入语，句子缺谓语，根据语境用现在完成时。 （五）难度提升 1.D。根据语境“问题是我们如何在短时间内掌握现代科学技术”，用how。 2.A。take it for granted that...是固定句型，“认为……理所当然”。 3.D。whichever表示“无论哪一个”，引导宾语从句，强调在一定范围内选择。 4.B。介词后用whether引导宾语从句。 5.B。宾语从句用陈述句语序，do后面缺宾语，用what。 6.A。do后面接宾语从句，whatever在从句中作can后面省略的do的宾语。 7.D。that引导同位语从句，解释promise的内容，同位语从句中又有if引导的条件状语从句 8.A。两个空都引导主语从句，且在从句中都作宾语，用what。 9.C。第一空表示“无论你喜欢哪块蛋糕”用whichever；第二空表示“无论谁来晚了”用whoever。 10.B。do with与what连用，“处理，对付” 。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$