内容正文:
中考语法复习: 动词
(重难点、易错点+中考模拟+强化训练)
一、动词的概念
动词是表示动作或状态的词,是句子的核心成分,能体现主语的行为、动作或所处的状态。
练习 1:判断下列单词是否为动词(是打√,否打 ×)
1. run( )
1. happy( )
1. sleep( )
1. beautiful( )
1. think( )
1. red( )
1. jump( )
1. tall( )
二、句型结构
1. 主谓结构:主语 + 动词
例:He runs.
1. 主谓宾结构:主语 + 动词 + 宾语
例:She likes apples.
1. 主系表结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
例:They are students.
1. 主谓双宾结构:主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
例:He gave me a book.
1. 主谓宾补结构:主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
例:We make him happy.
练习 2:判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构
1. She sings.( )
1. I bought her a gift.( )
1. The flowers look beautiful.( )
1. He opened the door.( )
1. We keep the room clean.( )
1. They played football.( )
1. She is a doctor.( )
1. He told me a story.( )
三、二大重点
(一)动词的4大分类:实义动词(及物动词、不及物动词)、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
1. 实义动词:
定义: 表示具体动作或状态,具有实际意义,能独立作谓语。
特点:
有明确的词义。
需要根据主语人称、数和时态进行变化。
是句子谓语的核心。
分类:
· 及物动词: 后面必须接宾语才能使句意完整。
例: I love you. (love 是及物动词,you 是宾语)
例: She bought a book. (bought 是及物动词,a book 是宾语)
例: He found the key. (found 是及物动词,the key 是宾语)
· 不及物动词: 本身意思完整,不需要接宾语。
例: The sun rises. (rise 是不及物动词,意思完整)
例: Birds fly. (fly 在这里是不及物动词)
例: She smiled. (smile 是不及物动词)
注意: 很多动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,意思可能不同。
例: He runs every morning. (run - 不及物,跑步)
例: He runs a company. (run - 及物,经营)
例: The window broke. (break - 不及物,碎了)
例: He broke the window. (break - 及物,打破)
2. 系动词:
定义: 本身词义不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。
最核心、最常用的系动词是 be (am, is, are, was, were)。
特点:
不表示具体动作。
连接主语和描述主语的成分(表语)。
表语通常是名词、形容词、介词短语等。
常见类型:
· 表示状态: be (是), seem (似乎), appear (显得), look (看起来), feel (感觉), sound (听起来), smell (闻起来), taste (尝起来), keep (保持), remain (保持), stay (保持)
例: She is a doctor. (名词作表语)
例: The soup tastes delicious. (形容词作表语)
例: He seems happy. (形容词作表语)
例: The book is on the table. (介词短语作表语)
· 表示变化: become (成为), get (变得), grow (渐渐变得), turn (变成), go (变得 - 常指不好的变化), fall (变得 - 常指进入某种状态)
例: The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
例: He became famous.
例: The milk went sour. (牛奶变酸了)
3. 助动词:
定义: 本身没有实际词义或词义不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词的原形/分词一起构成谓语,主要用于帮助构成时态、语态、否定、疑问等语法结构。
最常见的助动词: be, do, have。
功能:
· 构成时态:
be + 现在分词 (构成进行时态): He is working. / They were playing.
have + 过去分词 (构成完成时态): I have finished. / She had left.
· 构成语态:
be + 过去分词 (构成被动语态): The book was written by him. / The house is being built.
· 构成疑问句:
Do you like coffee? (一般现在时疑问句)
Did he come yesterday? (一般过去时疑问句)
Are you listening? (现在进行时疑问句) - 这里 be 既是助动词也是系动词的一种形式。
· 构成否定句:
I do not (don't) know. (一般现在时否定句)
She did not (didn't) go. (一般过去时否定句)
He is not (isn't) working. (现在进行时否定句)
· 表示强调:
I do like it! (我确实喜欢!)
She did call you. (她确实给你打过电话。)
4. 情态动词:
定义: 表示说话人的能力、许可、义务、推测、意愿、可能性、必要性等语气或态度。不能独立作谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词的原形一起构成谓语动词短语。
特点:
· 有词义,但不完整。
· 没有人称和数的变化 (第三人称单数不加s)。
· 后面直接跟动词原形。
常见情态动词:
can/could (能力, 可能性, 许可): I can swim. / It could rain.
may/might (许可, 可能性): May I come in? / It might snow.
must (必须, 肯定推测): You must stop. / He must be tired.
shall/should (征求意见, 义务, 建议): Shall we go? / You should study hard.
will/would (意愿, 习惯, 请求): I will help you. / Would you like some tea?
ought to (应该 - 比 should 语气强): You ought to apologize.
need (需要 - 情态动词常用于疑问句和否定句): Need I say more? / You needn't worry. (作为情态动词时,否定是 needn't)
dare (敢 - 情态动词常用于疑问句和否定句): Dare you jump? / He dare not (daren't) speak. (作为情态动词时,否定是 dare not/daren't)
(二)动词的时态变化:如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等时态中动词的形式变化。
1. 动词时态变化总表:
时态名称
主动词变化规则
助动词
肯定句示例
否定/疑问句结构
一般现在时
原形(三单加 -s/-es)
do/does (疑问/否定)
She writes poems.
Does she write?
She does not write.
一般过去时
过去式(规则:-ed;不规则需记忆)
did (疑问/否定)
He ran fast.
Did he run?
He did not run.
一般将来时
原形
will/shall
They will travel.
Will they travel?
They will not travel.
现在进行时
现在分词 (-ing)
am/is/are
I am studying.
Are you studying?
I am not studying.
过去进行时
现在分词 (-ing)
was/were
She was singing.
Was she singing?
She was not singing.
现在完成时
过去分词 (规则:-ed;不规则需记忆)
have/has
He has finished.
Has he finished? / He has not finished.
过去完成时
过去分词
had
They had left.
Had they left? / They had not left.
现在完成进行时
现在分词 (-ing)
have/has been doing
I have been waiting.
Have you been waiting? / I have not been waiting.
2. 关键变化规则详解
· 第三人称单数(一般现在时)
规则:
多数动词:直接加 -s(writes, runs)
以 -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o 结尾:加 -es(passes, washes, fixes, goes)
辅音字母 + y:变 y 为 i 加 -es(study → studies)
· 过去式与过去分词
规则动词:加 -ed(work → worked)
以 e 结尾:加 -d(live → lived)
辅音字母 + y:变 y 为 i 加 -ed(try → tried)
重读闭音节:双写尾字母加 -ed(stop → stopped)
不规则动词:需单独记忆(例:
write → wrote → written
go → went → gone)
· 现在分词(-ing形式)
多数动词:直接加 -ing(read → reading)
以不发音 e 结尾:去 e 加 -ing(make → making)
重读闭音节:双写尾字母加 -ing(run → running, swim → swimming)
将来时替代形式
be going to + 原形:表计划或预测(It is going to rain.)
现在进行时:表已安排的将来事件(She is flying to Paris tomorrow.)
3. 时态功能对比
时态
核心功能
时间标志词
一般现在时
习惯性动作/客观真理
always, every day, usually
现在进行时
此刻正在发生/临时安排
now, at the moment
现在完成时
过去动作对现在的影响
already, just, yet, since
现在完成进行时
持续至现在的动作(强调进行)
for 2 hours, all morning
过去完成时
"过去的过去"
by the time, before
例句解析:
一般现在时:Water boils at 100°C.(客观事实)
过去完成时:When I arrived, the train had left.("离开"发生在"到达"之前)
练习 3:用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. She often ______(read)books in the evening.
1. They ______(go)to the park yesterday.
1. He ______(play)basketball tomorrow.
1. I ______(eat)breakfast now.
1. We ______(finish)the work by last Friday.
1. She ______(can)swim when she was five.
1. The sun ______(rise)in the east every day.
1. They ______(watch)TV at 8 o'clock last night.
四、二大难点
(一) 及物动词与不及物动词的区分:
及物动词后可直接接宾语,不及物动词后不可直接接宾语,需加介词后再接宾语。
1. 核心区分标准:
特征
及物动词 (Transitive Verb)
不及物动词 (Intransitive Verb)
是否接宾语
必须 直接接宾语
不可 直接接宾语
宾语位置
动词后无需介词,直接加宾语
若需接宾语,必须通过介词连接
句子完整性
无宾语则句意不完整
无宾语时句意仍完整
被动语态
可转换为被动语态
不可 转换为被动语态
2. 例句对比解析
1 及物动词示例:
例句
宾语成分
结构说明
She reads books.
books
直接接宾语(无需介词)
He kicked the ball.
the ball
动作直接作用于宾语
They built a house.
a house
无宾语则句意缺失(× They built)
2 不及物动词示例:
例句
补充成分
结构说明
Birds fly.
(无宾语)
独立成句,无需宾语
He arrived at noon.
at noon(状语)
接时间状语,非宾语
She listens to music.
to music
需介词连接才能接名词
✅ 判断技巧:
尝试去掉动词后的名词——若句子不完整(如 × She reads),则为及物动词;
若句子仍成立(如 Birds fly √),则为不及物动词。
3. 易混淆场景突破
1 同一动词的及物/不及物双性
动词
及物用法(接宾语)
不及物用法(无宾语/接状语)
run
He runs a company.(经营)
He runs fast.(奔跑)
grow
They grow vegetables.(种植)
Children grow quickly.(成长)
2 “不及物动词+介词” = 及物性短语动词
短语动词
结构分析
例句
look after
look (vi.) + after
She looks after her sister.(照顾)
laugh at
laugh (vi.) + at
Don't laugh at others.(嘲笑)
注意:
此类短语动词整体相当于及物动词,后接宾语无需额外介词(如 × She looks after to her sister)。
4. 高频考点总结被动语态陷阱
及物动词:The letter was written by him.(√ 可被动)
不及物动词:× The accident was happened.(× happen 无被动形式)
宾语省略现象
1 部分及物动词在语境明确时可省略宾语:She eats (dinner) at 7 PM.(eat 本质及物)
2 形式似宾语实为状语;
3 不及物动词后接时间/地点名词实为状语:He slept eight hours.(eight hours 表时长,非宾语)
5. 实战检验(判断动词类型):
The sun rises in the east.(不及物 - 无宾语)
I respect my teachers.(及物 - 直接接宾语)
They talked about the project.(短语动词,相当于及物)
(二)系动词的用法:常见系动词有 be 动词、感官动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel)、变化类动词(become, get, turn)等,后接表语。
1. 系动词核心功能与结构
功能:连接主语与表语(描述主语性质/状态/身份)
结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语
表语类型:名词、形容词、介词短语、从句等
2. 系动词分类及用法表
类别
常见系动词
表语示例
例句
注意事项
状态类
be (am, is, are, was, were)
名词/形容词/介词短语
She is a doctor. (名词)
最基础核心的系动词
seem, appear
形容词/名词
He seems tired. (形容词)
表"似乎",强调主观判断
keep, remain, stay
形容词
The room stays clean. (形容词)
表"保持某种状态"
感官类
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
形容词
The cake tastes sweet. (形容词)
不用被动语态 (× The cake is tasted sweet)
变化类
become, get, grow, turn, go, fall
形容词/名词
Leaves turn yellow. (形容词)
go 多指负面变化 (go wrong/bad)
结果类
prove, turn out
形容词/名词
His plan proved successful. (形容词)
表"最终证明是..."
1. 三大类系动词深度解析
1 状态类系动词
· be动词:表永久性质或客观事实
The sky is blue. (形容词)
They are engineers. (名词)
· seem/appear:需注意句式转换
It seems that she is ill. = She seems ill. (形容词)
2 感官类系动词
· 强调主语的特征而非动作(对比实义动词):
系动词:The flower smells pleasant. (花本身散发香味)
实义动词:She smells the flower. (主动闻的动作)
· 固定搭配:
feel soft/smooth (摸起来柔软/光滑)
sound reasonable (听起来合理)
3 变化类系动词
· turn + 颜色/性质形容词:
His face turned red. (脸色变红)
· go + 负面状态:
The milk went sour. (牛奶变酸)
The machine went wrong. (机器出故障)
· get + 形容词(口语化):
It's getting dark. (天渐黑)
2. 高频易错点突破:
1 误加副词修饰表语
错误:× The music sounds beautifully.
正确:√ The music sounds beautiful. (形容词作表语)
2 混淆系动词与实义动词
系动词:She looks happy. (看起来)
实义动词:She is looking at the photo. (正在看)
3 表语缺失错误
错误:× The soup tastes.
正确:√ The soup tastes delicious.
3. 实战演练:
The idea ______ great! Let's try it.
A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. says
答案:A (sound 作系动词接形容词)
(改错题) After years of hard work, he turned a famous scientist.
修正:he turned into a famous scientist.
(turn 单独作系动词时接形容词:turn pale;接名词需加 into)
要诀:
系动词无被动,
表语需用形容词/名词,副词不可代!
练习 4:选择合适的动词填空
1. He ______(arrive/arrive in)Beijing yesterday.
1. The music ______(sounds/is sounded)great.
1. She ______(reach/ reach to)the station on time.
1. The leaves ______(turn/turns)yellow in autumn.
1. They ______(listen/listened to)the teacher carefully.
1. This kind of food ______(tastes/is tasted)delicious.
1. He ______(laugh/laugh at)the funny boy.
1. The weather ______(gets/is getting)colder and colder.
五、三大易错点
(一)动词第三人称单数形式变化错误:在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加 - s 或 - es,易出现漏加或错加的情况。
1. 第三人称单数动词变化规则表:
规则
动词原型
第三人称单数形式
易错点
一般动词:直接加 -s
work
works
漏加 -s (× He work hard)
以 -s/-sh/-ch/-x/-o 结尾:加 -es
pass
passes
误加 -s (× passs)
wash
washes
漏 -e (× washs)
teach
teaches
拼写混淆 (× teachs)
fix
fixes
双写错误 (× fixs)
go
goes
忘加 -es (× gos)
辅音字母 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 -es
study
studies
未变 y (× studys)
carry
carries
误加 -s (× carrys)
元音字母 + y 结尾:直接加 -s
play
plays
错误变 y (× plaies)
buy
buys
拼写混淆 (× buies)
特殊变形
have
has
误用 have (× She have)
do
does
误写 does (× dos)
be
is
与复数混淆 (× She are)
2. 三类高频错误解析
错误1:漏加 -s/-es(占比 70% 以上)
错误例句:× She drink coffee every morning.
× My father drive to work.
修正:✓ She drinks coffee...
✓ My father drives to work.
错误2:y 结尾动词变形错误错误类型:
该变 y 未变:× He studys English.
不该变 y 却变:× The baby cries loudly. (cry → cries ✓,但元音+y直接加-s:play → plays ✓)
黄金法则:辅音 + y → 变 y 为 i + es
元音 + y → 直接加 s
错误3:特殊动词未变形典型错误:
× She do her homework.
× It have a red cover.
修正:✓ She does her homework.
✓ It has a red cover.
3. 实战避坑指南:
1 判断主语是否为“三单”
必须同时满足:第三人称(he/she/it/单数人名/单数事物)
单数(非 they/we/I/you)
一般现在时(非过去时/将来时)
✅ 正确识别:
The cat (it) sleeps.
Mr. Lee (he) teaches math.
Cats (复数) sleep ✓(无需加 -s)
2 助动词 does 的干扰问题
使用 does 提问/否定时,主动词还原原型:
× Does she wants coffee?
✓ Does she want coffee?
× She does not likes tea.
✓ She does not like tea.
3 集体名词陷阱
集体名词(family/team/class)强调整体时用单数:
× Our team practice every day.
✓ Our team practices every day.
4. 发音规则强化
拼写
发音规则
示例单词
错误发音
-s
清辅音后读 /s/
works /wɜːrks/
× /wɜːrkz/
浊辅音/元音后读 /z/
plays /pleɪz/
× /pleɪs/
-es
读 /ɪz/
teaches /ˈtiːtʃɪz/
× /ˈtiːtʃs/
记忆口诀:
“清清浊浊元音浊”清辅音(t/k/p/f)后:-s 读清音 /s/(likes)
浊辅音(d/g/b/v)及元音后:-s 读浊音 /z/(loves, sees)
/s,z,ʃ,ʒ,tʃ,dʒ/ 后:-es 读 /ɪz/(misses, judges)
5. 真题测试与解析
1 改错题:× She always finish her work early.
✓ finishes(以 -sh 结尾,加 -es)
2 选择题:The news ______ shocking.
A. are B. is C. be D. was
答案:B(news 不可数名词,用单数 is)
3 翻译题:他每天跑步。
× He run every day.
✓ He runs every day.
6. 终极纠错策略:
见到一般现在时 → 立即定位主语
确认“三单” → 动词变形
遇到 y 结尾 → 检查前字母(辅音变 y;元音保留)
特殊动词(have/do/be)→ 单独记忆
(二)情态动词后接动词原形的错误:情态动词(can, may, must 等)后接动词原形,易误用为其他形式。
1. 情态动词核心规则表
规则
正确例句
高频错误
错误修正
后接动词原形
She can swim.
× She can swims.
can swim
无人称变化
He must go.
× He musts go.
must go
无时态变化
They may come tomorrow.
× They mays came.
may come
否定直接加 not
You should not smoke.
× You don't should smoke.
should not smoke
疑问句情态动词提前
Can you help me?
× Do you can help me?
Can you help me?
2. 三大致命错误深度解析
· 错误1:情态动词后加 -s/-ed/-ing
错误类型:× She can sings well. (误加三单)
× He must finished it. (误加过去式)
× They should studying. (误加进行时)
本质原因:
混淆情态动词与实义动词的用法(情态动词本身无变化,且要求后接动词永远原形)
· 错误2:情态动词双重叠加
典型错误:× I will can do it.
× She does must leave.
黄金法则:
情态动词不可与助动词(do/does/did)或其他情态动词连用
· 错误3:疑问句/否定句结构错乱
错误案例:× Do I must go?
× He don't can drive.
正确结构:✓ Must I go?
✓ He cannot drive.
3. 情态动词全表(接原形动词)
情态动词
含义
正确用法示例
变形禁区
can
能力/许可
Birds can fly.
× cans/canned
could
委婉请求/过去能力
Could you pass the salt?
× coulds
may
许可/可能性
It may rain later.
× mays
might
较小可能性
She might come.
× mights
must
必须/肯定推测
You must stop.
× musts
shall
建议/未来意图
We shall win.
× shalls
should
建议/义务
He should rest.
× shoulds
will
意愿/将来
I will help you.
× wills
would
委婉请求/习惯
Would you open the door?
× woulds
ought to
道德义务
You ought to apologize.
× oughts to
超强记忆口诀
情态动词四不变
一不变形(无-s/-ed/-ing)
二无三单(主语单复数都不变)
三接原形(后跟动词赤裸见)
四无助伴(独当一面无需do/does帮忙)
4. 真题实战
1 纠错经典题:— Must I clean the room now?
× — No, you don't must.
✓ No, you needn't/don't have to.
(must的否定回答不可用don't must)
2 写作改错:
× They can to speak French.
✓ They can speak French.
(情态动词后接动词原形,不加to)
3 口语陷阱:
× I could played piano at 5.
✓ I could play piano at 5.
(could表过去能力,后仍接原形)
5. 特殊场景突破
1 情态动词 + have done(表推测/后悔)
结构:情态动词 + have + 过去分词
She must have forgotten.(她肯定忘了)
You should have told me.(你本该告诉我)
错误:× She must has forgotten.
2 情态动词被动式结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词
The work must be finished today.
错误:× The work must finished today.
3 情态动词表推测的梯度
确信度
结构
例句
100%
must
He must be tired.(面色苍白)
70%
should/ought to
She should arrive soon.(按计划)
50%
may/might
It may rain tonight.(乌云密布)
<30%
could
He could be home.(不确定)
不可能
can't
That can't be true!(有证据反驳)
终极检验(快速修正错误):
× You must to study harder. → ✓ You must study harder.
× Does she can swim? → ✓ Can she swim?
× They will going to Paris. → ✓ They will go to Paris.
掌握以上规则,情态动词错误率直降100%!
(三)及物动词后漏接宾语:及物动词必须接宾语,否则句子不完整。
1. 核心错误类型与修正表
错误类型
错误例句
病因分析
修正方案
完全漏接宾语
She loves.
及物动词后无宾语
She loves music.
误用不及物结构
They discuss.
及物动词被当作不及物使用
They discuss the plan.
抽象宾语缺失
I understand.
宾语在语境中隐含但未明示
I understand you.
代词宾语遗漏
He sent.
未用代词指代已知宾语
He sent it.
2. 四大避坑法则强制自检清单(及物动词后必须接宾语):
1 遇到及物动词 → 立即扫描后方名词/代词
✓ He fixed the car. (fix为及物动词,the car是宾语)
2 “5W1H”提问法(补全宾语信息)
对动词提问:What/Whom did+ [主语] +[动词]?
× The teacher explained.
→ What did the teacher explain?
→ ✓ The teacher explained the rule.
3 代词兜底策略(上下文宾语不明时用it/them)
× Please finish before noon.
✓ Please finish it before noon. (指代前文提到的任务)
4 不及物动词转化标记(需加介词才能接宾语)
× She listens music. (listen为不及物动词)
✓ She listens to music. (加介词to)
3. 高频漏宾动词黑名单:
动词
错误用例
正确形式
特殊提示
enjoy
They enjoyed.
enjoyed the party
永远及物(× enjoy very much)
discuss
We discussed.
discussed the issue
直接接宾语(× discuss about)
raise
Prices raised.
raised prices
及物/不及物异义:raise(及物)vs. rise(不及物)
consider
He considered.
considered my idea
后接名词/动名词
avoid
She avoids.
avoids meeting him
后接名词/动名词
注:黑名单动词100%及物,必须接宾语!
4. 宾语省略的合法场景
在以下情况中,及物动词可安全省略宾语:
场景
例句
原理说明
宾语在前文已明确提及
"Do you know this song?" "Yes, I know."
承前省略(宾语this song已知)
宾语为泛指概念
Birds eat. (指"进食"行为)
宾语"food"为生活常识
固定短语
Give and take. (互让)
习语化表达
5. 诊断室
1 改错题:
× I asked him for the book, but he didn’t want to lend.
✓ ...want to lend it. (lend为及物动词,必须接宾语)
2 写作纠错:
× The government should create to solve unemployment.
✓ ...create jobs to solve... (create需接具体宾语)
3 口语陷阱:
× "Do you accept?" → ✓ "Do you accept this offer?"
6. 宾语补全训练
补全下方句子的宾语:
She studies ______ every night.
→ English(或其他具体学科)
We must protect ______.
→ the environment(或具体对象)
He hasn't finished ______.
→ his homework(或具体任务)✅ 自测标准:
完成后的句子必须能回答 “动词+什么?” 的问题
例:What does she study? → English
及物动词思维导航图总结:
终极口诀:
及物动词像磁铁,宾语不接句必缺!
黑名单词要警惕,5W1H补空缺。
练习 5:找出下列句子中的错误并改正
1. He like playing football.
1. She can sings very well.
1. They arrived Beijing yesterday.
1. The food taste good.
1. He must to finish his homework.
1. She looks happily.
1. We listened the news.
1. Tom go to school by bike every day.
六、中考模拟
1. — What does your father?
— He ______ a doctor.
A. is B. am C. are
1. My brother ______ basketball every afternoon.
A. play B. plays C. played D. will play
1. — When ______ you ______ the book?
— Last week.
A. do; buy B. did; buy C. will; buy D. are; buying
1. We ______ a party for my grandma's 80th birthday next Sunday.
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
1. The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
1. — May I ______ your pen?
— Sure, here you are.
A. borrow B. to borrow C. borrowing D. borrowed
七、强化练习
1. She ______(study)English for 5 years.
1. They ______(not finish)the work yet.
1. ______(do)you ______(like)playing chess?
1. What ______(be)your favorite sport?
1. He ______(not can)speak French.
1. The students ______(plant)trees next month.
1. My mother ______(cook)when I got home.
1. We ______(see)a film yesterday evening.
1. ______(be)there any books on the desk?
1. She ______(have)lunch at 12 o'clock every day.
答案与解析
练习 1 答案
1.√ 2.× 3.√ 4.× 5.√ 6.× 7.√ 8.×
解析:run、sleep、think、jump 为动词,其余为形容词。
练习 2 答案
1. 主谓结构 2. 主谓双宾结构 3. 主系表结构 4. 主谓宾结构 5. 主谓宾补结构 6. 主谓宾结构 7. 主系表结构 8. 主谓双宾结构
解析:根据各句型结构特点进行判断。
练习 3 答案
1. reads 2. went 3. will play 4. am eating 5. had finished 6. could 7. rises 8. were watching
解析:结合句子时态要求,正确使用动词形式。
练习 4 答案
1. arrived in 2. sounds 3. reach 4. turn 5. listened to 6. tastes 7. laugh at 8. is getting
解析:及物动词与不及物动词用法不同,系动词有其特定用法。
练习 5 答案
1. like→likes(主语是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式)
1. sings→sing(情态动词后接动词原形)
1. arrived 后加 in(arrive 是不及物动词,接大地点用 in)
1. taste→tastes(主语是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式)
1. 去掉 to(must 后接动词原形)
1. happily→happy(look 是系动词,后接形容词作表语)
1. listened 后加 to(listen 是不及物动词)
1. go→goes(主语是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式)
六、中考模拟
1. A
解析:句意 “你爸爸是做什么的?”“他是一名医生。” 主语是 he,be 动词用 is,故选 A。
1. B
解析:由 “every afternoon” 可知用一般现在时,主语是 my brother,动词用第三人称单数形式,故选 B。
1. B
解析:由 “Last week” 可知用一般过去时,助动词用 did,后面动词用原形,故选 B。
1. C
解析:由 “next Sunday” 可知用一般将来时,故选 C。
1. B
解析:宾语从句陈述客观真理,用一般现在时,主语是 the earth,动词用第三人称单数形式,故选 B。
1. A
解析:may 是情态动词,后接动词原形,故选 A。
七、强化练习
1. has studied
解析:由 “for 5 years” 可知用现在完成时。
1. haven't finished
解析:由 “yet” 可知用现在完成时的否定形式。
1. Do; like
解析:一般现在时的一般疑问句,助动词用 do,后面动词用原形。
1. is
解析:主语是 your favorite sport,be 动词用 is。
1. can't
解析:can 的否定形式是 can't,后接动词原形。
1. will plant
解析:由 “next month” 可知用一般将来时。
1. was cooking
解析:“when I got home” 表示过去某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,用过去进行时。
1. saw
解析:由 “yesterday evening” 可知用一般过去时。
1. Are
解析:there be 句型,主语是 any books,be 动词用 are。
1. has
解析:由 “every day” 可知用一般现在时,主语是 she,动词用第三人称单数形式。
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