Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and interaction（分层作业）英语沪教版选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.充满；洋溢着 2.用…… 威胁 3.躲避；避难 4.结束 5.仔细看看；密切关注 6.把…… 保存为；将…… 视为 7.冲走；冲垮 8.成为…… 的牺牲品；受害于 9.灭绝；消失 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.Heavy rain caused the river to ________ (泛滥) and damage nearby houses. 2.The powerful earthquake ________ (摧毁) most of the buildings in the small town. 3.Factories should not ________ (污染) the air and water around us. 4.People in the poor area have to ________ (挣扎) to get enough food every day. 5.Scientists can ________ (预测) the weather with the help of advanced technology. 6.Only a few people managed to ________ (幸存) after the terrible ship accident. 三、单句语法填空。 1.Local farmers have been _______ (struggle) against the dry weather for months to save their crops. 2.A balanced diet provides essential _______ (nutrition) for children’s healthy growth. 3.The ancient building _______ (destroy) in the earthquake last year is now being rebuilt. 4.Environmentalists are working hard to _______ (preserve) the endangered species in this area. 5.With the development of technology, many traditional skills are _______ (vanish) gradually. 6.Medical _______ (expert) from all over the country gathered to discuss the new treatment. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.这个村庄面临着被洪水淹没的威胁。 The village is _______ _______ _______ being flooded. 2.他们在暴风雨中寻找地方躲避。 They looked for a place to _______ _______ _______ during the storm. 3.岛上宁静的生活即将结束。 The peaceful life on the island will _______ _______ _______ _______. 4.我们应该仔细观察这些濒危动物的行为。 We should _______ _______ _______ _______ the behavior of these endangered animals. 5.这个湖泊因为大量的雨水而溢满了水。 The lake _______ _______ _______ water because of the heavy rain. 6.许多古老的建筑在战争中被摧毁了。 Many ancient buildings _______ _______ _______ in the war. 7.我们要保护这些文化遗产，使其成为历史的见证。 We should _______ these cultural relics _______ witnesses of history. 8.许多物种因气候变化而灭绝。 Many species _______ _______ _______ climate change. 五、语法填空 There was less sea ice covering the oceans in February of this year than at any other point on record. “One of the 1 (consequence) of a warmer world is melting sea ice, and the record or near-record low sea ice cover at both poles has pushed global sea ice cover to an all-time minimum,” said Samantha Burgess 2 a statement. Global average temperatures in February of this year 3 (rise) 1.59°C above the per-industrial average, 4 (make) it the third-warmest February on record, according to the European Union’s climate service Copernicus. These high temperatures impacted the global sea ice extent, 5 includes both the Arctic, where sea ice is currently near its annual maximum, and the Antarctic. The satellite record for both regions extends back to 1979. In the Arctic, sea ice remained at 8 percent below average throughout February, missing an area of ice 6 (rough) the size of the UK. This was the third consecutive month 7 (set) a new monthly record low in the Arctic. 8 (see) over the past two years, this decline in the 9 (north) hemisphere (半球) has combined with a longer-term decline in Antarctic sea ice. Antarctic sea ice seemed to recover to near average levels in December of last year 10 it then rapidly declined again. In February, the ice reached its fourth-lowest extent on record for the month, remaining 26 percent below average. 六、阅读理解 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）Global sea levels experienced an unexpected acceleration in 2024, primarily driven by thermal (热的) expansion — the phenomenon of seawater expanding as it absorbs heat. NASA data revealed an annual rise of 0.23 inches, surpassing the predicted 0.17 inches. “While natural fluctuations exist, the long-term trend is clear: rising speeds are increasing,” stated NASA researcher Josh Willis. Historically, melting ice sheets contributed two-thirds of sea level rise, with thermal expansion accounting for the remaining third. However, 2024 saw a role reversal (逆转): thermal expansion became responsible for two-thirds of the increase. Scientists attribute this shift to record-breaking global temperatures, which pushed ocean heat content and sea surface heights to 30-year highs. Satellite observations since 1993 show the annual rise rate has more than doubled, resulting in a 4-inch global increase over three decades. Continuous satellite monitoring, from the TOPEX/Poseidon mission (1992) to the recently launched Sentinel-6 (2020), ensures data accuracy. The upcoming Sentinel-6B satellite will extend this critical record into the 2030s. Thermal expansion occurs as absorbed heat enters ocean layers. Typically, seawater forms stable layer based on temperature and density. While surface heat transfers slowly to deeper waters, vertical mixing in high-wind zones like the Southern Ocean disrupts (破坏) this pattern. Climate phenomena such as El Nino — characterized by eastward shifts of warm Pacific waters — can also force heat downward, accelerating thermal expansion. 1．What was the main contributor to sea level rise in 2024? A．Accelerated ice sheet melting. B．Increasing rainfall over oceans. C．Changes in ocean current directions. D．Heat-induced expansion of seawater. 2．What do the satellite records indicate about sea level changes? A．Recent slowing of annual rise. B．Over 30 years of observations. C．Data collection began in 2020. D．Complete reliance on European satellite systems. 3．The term “vertical mixing” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______. A．heat exchange between ocean depths and surface B．the layered temperature distribution in deep oceans C．horizontal (水平) movement of warm surface waters D．rapid melting of polar ice caps due to temperature and density 4．What is the major purpose of the article? A．To warn about terrible climate tipping points. B．To compare satellite measurement technologies. C．To analyze causes and patterns of rising sea levels. D．To promote international cooperation in ocean research. 七、七选五 （24-25高二下·安徽黄山·期末）Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded. The shorelines are first to go. 1 . By the time seawater reaches the senior center, it has flooded streets and over a dozen brick homes. Die moves her head up and down, side to side, taking in the simulated（仿真的）view. This is what could happen to Turner Station, a historic African American community southeast of Baltimore, as sea levels rise. Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts, but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome: 2 Communicating the realness and immediacy（紧迫）of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes. But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable. 3 That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs, put on virtual（模拟）reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded. 4 . It has partnered（合作）with the Port of Baltimore, a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt（采用）a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public, because every person is different and every place is different. The virtual reality program is only the most recent, and perhaps the most effective step. 5 . But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation（模拟）being used at Turner Station, says James, one of the program's developers. "The goal," he says, "is to start a conversation and help folks visualize（想象）the impacts of climate change and the solutions, and also discuss the trade-offs between them." A．Then, the baseball fields at Fleming Park. B．Virtual reality is the product of the rapid development of it. C．These projects need public support and input D．Does the community depend on the shipping industry for its survival? E．How do you show people and convince them of a possible future? F．Virtual reality is an immersive experience（身临其境的体验）that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real. G．Turner Station, a community which gets flooded easily, is trying to prepare. $$Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.充满；洋溢着 2.用…… 威胁 3.躲避；避难 4.结束 5.仔细看看；密切关注 6.把…… 保存为；将…… 视为 7.冲走；冲垮 8.成为…… 的牺牲品；受害于 9.灭绝；消失 【答案】 1.overflow with 2.threaten... with 3.take shelter from 4.come to an end 5.take a close look at 6.preserve... as 7.wash away 8.fall victim to 9.die out 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.Heavy rain caused the river to ________ (泛滥) and damage nearby houses. 2.The powerful earthquake ________ (摧毁) most of the buildings in the small town. 3.Factories should not ________ (污染) the air and water around us. 4.People in the poor area have to ________ (挣扎) to get enough food every day. 5.Scientists can ________ (预测) the weather with the help of advanced technology. 6.Only a few people managed to ________ (幸存) after the terrible ship accident. 【答案】 1.flood 2.destroyed 3.pollute 4.struggle 5.predict 6.survive 三、单句语法填空。 1.Local farmers have been _______ (struggle) against the dry weather for months to save their crops. 2.A balanced diet provides essential _______ (nutrition) for children’s healthy growth. 3.The ancient building _______ (destroy) in the earthquake last year is now being rebuilt. 4.Environmentalists are working hard to _______ (preserve) the endangered species in this area. 5.With the development of technology, many traditional skills are _______ (vanish) gradually. 6.Medical _______ (expert) from all over the country gathered to discuss the new treatment. 【答案】 1.struggling　2.nutrients　3.destroyed　4.preserve 5.vanishing 6. experts 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.这个村庄面临着被洪水淹没的威胁。 The village is _______ _______ _______ being flooded. 2.他们在暴风雨中寻找地方躲避。 They looked for a place to _______ _______ _______ during the storm. 3.岛上宁静的生活即将结束。 The peaceful life on the island will _______ _______ _______ _______. 4.我们应该仔细观察这些濒危动物的行为。 We should _______ _______ _______ _______ the behavior of these endangered animals. 5.这个湖泊因为大量的雨水而溢满了水。 The lake _______ _______ _______ water because of the heavy rain. 6.许多古老的建筑在战争中被摧毁了。 Many ancient buildings _______ _______ _______ in the war. 7.我们要保护这些文化遗产，使其成为历史的见证。 We should _______ these cultural relics _______ witnesses of history. 8.许多物种因气候变化而灭绝。 Many species _______ _______ _______ climate change. 【答案】 1.threatened with 2.take shelter from 3.come to an end 4.take a close look at 5.overflows with 6.were washed away 7.preserve; as 8.fell victim to 五、语法填空 There was less sea ice covering the oceans in February of this year than at any other point on record. “One of the 1 (consequence) of a warmer world is melting sea ice, and the record or near-record low sea ice cover at both poles has pushed global sea ice cover to an all-time minimum,” said Samantha Burgess 2 a statement. Global average temperatures in February of this year 3 (rise) 1.59°C above the per-industrial average, 4 (make) it the third-warmest February on record, according to the European Union’s climate service Copernicus. These high temperatures impacted the global sea ice extent, 5 includes both the Arctic, where sea ice is currently near its annual maximum, and the Antarctic. The satellite record for both regions extends back to 1979. In the Arctic, sea ice remained at 8 percent below average throughout February, missing an area of ice 6 (rough) the size of the UK. This was the third consecutive month 7 (set) a new monthly record low in the Arctic. 8 (see) over the past two years, this decline in the 9 (north) hemisphere (半球) has combined with a longer-term decline in Antarctic sea ice. Antarctic sea ice seemed to recover to near average levels in December of last year 10 it then rapidly declined again. In February, the ice reached its fourth-lowest extent on record for the month, remaining 26 percent below average. 【答案】 1． consequences 2．in 3．rose 4．making 5．which 6．roughly 7．to set 8．Seen 9．northern 10．but/yet 六、阅读理解 （24-25高二下·重庆·期末）Global sea levels experienced an unexpected acceleration in 2024, primarily driven by thermal (热的) expansion — the phenomenon of seawater expanding as it absorbs heat. NASA data revealed an annual rise of 0.23 inches, surpassing the predicted 0.17 inches. “While natural fluctuations exist, the long-term trend is clear: rising speeds are increasing,” stated NASA researcher Josh Willis. Historically, melting ice sheets contributed two-thirds of sea level rise, with thermal expansion accounting for the remaining third. However, 2024 saw a role reversal (逆转): thermal expansion became responsible for two-thirds of the increase. Scientists attribute this shift to record-breaking global temperatures, which pushed ocean heat content and sea surface heights to 30-year highs. Satellite observations since 1993 show the annual rise rate has more than doubled, resulting in a 4-inch global increase over three decades. Continuous satellite monitoring, from the TOPEX/Poseidon mission (1992) to the recently launched Sentinel-6 (2020), ensures data accuracy. The upcoming Sentinel-6B satellite will extend this critical record into the 2030s. Thermal expansion occurs as absorbed heat enters ocean layers. Typically, seawater forms stable layer based on temperature and density. While surface heat transfers slowly to deeper waters, vertical mixing in high-wind zones like the Southern Ocean disrupts (破坏) this pattern. Climate phenomena such as El Nino — characterized by eastward shifts of warm Pacific waters — can also force heat downward, accelerating thermal expansion. 1．What was the main contributor to sea level rise in 2024? A．Accelerated ice sheet melting. B．Increasing rainfall over oceans. C．Changes in ocean current directions. D．Heat-induced expansion of seawater. 2．What do the satellite records indicate about sea level changes? A．Recent slowing of annual rise. B．Over 30 years of observations. C．Data collection began in 2020. D．Complete reliance on European satellite systems. 3．The term “vertical mixing” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______. A．heat exchange between ocean depths and surface B．the layered temperature distribution in deep oceans C．horizontal (水平) movement of warm surface waters D．rapid melting of polar ice caps due to temperature and density 4．What is the major purpose of the article? A．To warn about terrible climate tipping points. B．To compare satellite measurement technologies. C．To analyze causes and patterns of rising sea levels. D．To promote international cooperation in ocean research. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章基于NASA数据，揭示了2024年全球海平面加速上升的主因从冰盖融化转为海水热膨胀，并通过30年卫星观测数据验证这一趋势，同时解析海洋热量垂直传递的物理机制。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Global sea levels experienced an unexpected acceleration in 2024, primarily driven by thermal (热的) expansion — the phenomenon of seawater expanding as it absorbs heat. (2024年全球海平面出现意外加速上升，主要原因是海水热膨胀——即海水吸收热量后体积膨胀的现象)”可知，其主因是海水的热膨胀。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Satellite observations since 1993 show the annual rise rate has more than doubled, resulting in a 4-inch global increase over three decades. (自1993年以来的卫星观测数据显示，海平面年均上升速率已增长一倍以上，导致全球海平面在过去三十年间累计上升了约4英寸)”可知，卫星记录显示了30年来海平面观测的变化。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Thermal expansion occurs as absorbed heat enters ocean layers. Typically, seawater forms stable layer based on temperature and density. While surface heat transfers slowly to deeper waters (当吸收的热量进入海洋各层时，就会发生热膨胀现象。通常情况下，海水会根据温度和密度形成稳定的分层结构。虽然表层热量向深海水域传递的过程较为缓慢)”和下文“disrupts (破坏) this pattern (打破这一模式)”可知，此处详细解释热膨胀发生的机制，能够打破表层热量向深层传递缓慢模式，从而让热量进入各层的应该是“海洋深处和海洋表面之间的热交换”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章的首段指出海平面上升加速这一现象，第二段分析热膨胀是其主导原因，第三段展示卫星观测趋势，第四段解释热膨胀机制。因此，文章的主要目的是分析海平面上升的原因和模式。故选C项。 七、七选五 （24-25高二下·安徽黄山·期末）Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded. The shorelines are first to go. 1 . By the time seawater reaches the senior center, it has flooded streets and over a dozen brick homes. Die moves her head up and down, side to side, taking in the simulated（仿真的）view. This is what could happen to Turner Station, a historic African American community southeast of Baltimore, as sea levels rise. Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts, but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome: 2 Communicating the realness and immediacy（紧迫）of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes. But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable. 3 That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs, put on virtual（模拟）reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded. 4 . It has partnered（合作）with the Port of Baltimore, a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt（采用）a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public, because every person is different and every place is different. The virtual reality program is only the most recent, and perhaps the most effective step. 5 . But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation（模拟）being used at Turner Station, says James, one of the program's developers. "The goal," he says, "is to start a conversation and help folks visualize（想象）the impacts of climate change and the solutions, and also discuss the trade-offs between them." A．Then, the baseball fields at Fleming Park. B．Virtual reality is the product of the rapid development of it. C．These projects need public support and input D．Does the community depend on the shipping industry for its survival? E．How do you show people and convince them of a possible future? F．Virtual reality is an immersive experience（身临其境的体验）that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real. G．Turner Station, a community which gets flooded easily, is trying to prepare. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．F 【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了为了提高居民对气候变化的真实性和即时性的认识，巴尔的摩东南部的一个历史悠久的非洲裔美国人社区运用了虚拟现实技术，帮助人们想象气候变化的影响和解决方案。 1．上文“Die clicks a button and watches as her neighborhood is flooded. The shorelines are first to go.(Die单击按钮，看着她的社区被洪水淹没。海岸线是第一个被摧毁的)”；A项“Then, the baseball fields at Fleming Park.(然后是弗莱明公园的棒球场)”，可知，洪水在摧毁海岸线之后，又毁了棒球场。上文有“first”，A项有“then”，语意连贯，为先后顺序。故选A项。 2．前半句“Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities and to those trying to prepare for its impacts,  but one of the most basic is also one of the most bothersome: (气候变化给沿海社区和那些设法为其影响而做着准备的人带来了许多挑战，但其中最基本也是最麻烦的之一：)”可知，关键词为“many challenges”，E项“How do you show people and convince them of a possible future?(你如何向人们展示并说服他们相信一个可能的未来？)”，解释了上文中提及的这些挑战中“最基本也是最麻烦的那个”。下文“Communicating the realness and immediacy (紧迫) of the climate threat is hugely important to climate researchers and those aiming to cut down what it causes. (传递气候威胁的真实性和即时性是对于气候研究人员和那些旨在减少其结果的人来说，非常重要)”可知，E项的“a possible future”即指下文的“the realness and immediacy of the climate threat”，上下文语意连贯，故选E项。 3．上文“But it's also the most important to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable.(但对于面临即将到来的已经不可避免的变化的社区来说，这也是最重要的)”，下文“That's why Die and other residents are being directed to sit in metal chairs, put on virtual (模拟）reality headsets and watch their homes be flooded (这就是为什么Die和其他居民被要求坐在金属椅子，戴上模拟现实耳机，观看着家园被洪水淹没)”可知，居民们看洪水淹没社区的虚拟场景以了解气候威胁的严重性。C项“These projects need public support and input (这些项目需要公众的支持和投入)”可知，上文为“因”，C项为“果”；C项为“因”，下文为“果”。故选C项。 4．下文“It has partnered (合作) with the Port of Baltimore, a few nonprofits and a local landscape architecture firm to adopt (采用) a range of tools and ways to communicate climate change to the public, because every person is different and every place is different.(它和巴尔的摩港（Baltimore），一些非营利组织和当地的景观建筑公司合作，采用一系列通信工具和通信方式向公众传递气候变化，因为每个人都是不同的，每个地方都是不同的)”；G项“Turner Station, a community which gets flooded easily, is trying to prepare. (特纳车站（Turner Station），一个容易被洪水淹没的社区，正努力做好准备)”可知，下文的主语“It”指代G项的“Turner Station”，语意顺畅，故选G项。 5．下文“But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation (模拟) being used at Turner Station, says James, one of the program's developers.(但是欺骗人不是使用在特纳站海平面上升模拟场景的目的，一个程序的开发人员詹姆斯说)”；F项“Virtual reality is an immersive experience (身临其境的体验) that can trick the human brain into thinking it's real (虚拟现实是一个身临其境的体验，可以欺骗人类大脑思考这是真实的)”可知，两句中都有“trick”，虚拟现实，会骗人，但运用虚拟现实展示气候变化带来的洪水泛滥场景，不是用来骗人的，而是为了提高居民对气候变化的真实性和即时性的认识。故选F项。 $$