专题4 语法填空-【十年高考】备战2026年高考英语真题分类解析与应试策略（Word版）

专题四　语法填空 　　语法填空以语篇为载体,考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇和语法的能力,要求考生根据自己的语言知识及篇章语义间的逻辑关系填入恰当的单词,使填充后的短文结构完整、语义连贯、词法和句法形式正确。 该题型是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,考查考生在理解文章大意的基础上,对语境中的词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用能力,涵盖了词汇、语法规则、构词知识、逻辑理解等层面,包括结合上下文直接填写1个单词和用所给单词的正确形式填写这两种形式。 2016~2025高考语法填空考情一览表 年份 有提示词 无提示词 非谓语 动词 比较 等级 名词 的数 2016~2020 35 35 24 7 8 8 9 9 2 24 1 2021 10 10 11 3 4 3 5 4 4 5 1 2022 9 11 14 3 2 2 5 5 4 4 1 2023 9 8 13 0 3 1 2 5 2 6 1 2024 6 8 7 1 4 1 1 4 1 6 1 2025 6 6 5 1 1 0 1 3 2 4 1 合计 75 78 74 15 22 15 23 30 15 49 6 命题热度 本专题命题热度非常高() 课程标准 备考策略 1.能在语篇中正确地理解和使用要求掌握的各种时态及其被动语态。 2.能在语篇中正确地理解和使用动词不定式作句子中的主语、表语、定语和状语,动词-ing形式作句子中的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语,动词-ed形式作句子中的定语、状语、补语和表语。 3.能在语篇中正确地理解和使用由关系代词 which、who、whom、whose和关系副词 when和where引导的非限制性定语从句;能在语篇中恰当地理解和使用主语从句和表语从句。 4.能在语篇中恰当地理解和使用主语从句和表语从句。 1.积累词汇与短语。考生不仅要掌握单词的基本意义,还要熟悉其词性变化、固定搭配和特殊用法。同时,积累一些常见的短语和固定句式,有助于快速准确地答题。 2.掌握基础语法知识。语法填空题考查的是语法知识的综合运用能力。备考时,考生需要系统复习高中阶段的核心语法知识,包括时态、语态、从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。 3.剖析句子结构。在日常学习中,考生要练就分析和剖析句子结构的能力。这不仅有助于加深对语法规则的理解,而且能够在语法填空中快速识别关键信息,准确填入合适的词汇。尤其要注意含有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的复合句。掌握这些结构能够显著提高解题效率,帮助考生在有限的时间内做出更准确的选择。 答案P363　　　 　　Passage 1 (2025·全国新高考1,15分,难度★★★) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weiqi in Chinese,56.　　　　　　 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.  Go is one of 57.　　　　　　 earliest binary-based(基于二元的) games.The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.  “The exhibition brings together Go culture,cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu.“We hope 58.　　　　　　 (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context,and initiate dialogues with minimalist art,conceptual art and expressionism.”  “In a Go game,each move should serve a long-term goal.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘59.　　　　　　(guide)’till they lose,” explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.  “The players􀆳 personalities 60.　　　　　　(reveal) during the game,and one􀆳s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,”she adds.“A decent winner always 61.　　　　　　(try) to beat the opponent 62.　　　　　　 no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.”  Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces,the beauty in the 63.　　　　　　(strategy) placement of the pieces,64.　　　　　　 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,sculptures,65.　　　　　　(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.  　　Passage 2 (2025·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★★) I was born and raised in Cleveland,Ohio in the United States.Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family,56.　　　　　　 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range,and 57.　　　　　　(center) heating doesn􀆳t exist.  Nothing in my life before prepared me 58.　　　　　　 this one—and to be sure,the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.But it􀆳s amazing how you can adapt 59.　　　　　　 learn in a new environment.Over time,I􀆳ve found 60.　　　　　　 (I) feeling extremely at home here.And in the process,I􀆳ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61.　　　　　　 (be) one of them.  Growing up,my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance 62.　　　　　　 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the 63.　　　　　　 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 64.　　　　　　 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.  If you􀆳ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65.　　　　　　 (leave) to sun for a day,well,you􀆳re missing out on one of life􀆳s wonders.  　　Passage 3 (2025·北京,15分,难度★★★) A Most days after school,I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick.It􀆳s 11.　　　　　　(peace),especially around sunset.Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits.When Nick runs ahead,I hear him barking excitedly.I sometimes call him back,worried that he might have someone 12.　　　　　　(scare).The truth,though,is 13.　　　　　　 could be guessed—there􀆳s never anyone else here.Just me,Nick,and the quiet forest.  B When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 14.　　　　　　(long).Making choices is part of life.By the time you brushed your teeth,you 15.　　　　　　(make) several decisions even without noticing.Some choices are quick,while others take more thought.Usually,better outcomes 16.　　　　　　(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.  C When 17.　　　　　　(travel),we engage with cultures and experiences.However,according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund,tourists 18.　　　　　　(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year,19.　　　　　　 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.To reduce our impact,we can take simple steps:empty the fridge before heading out,and choose sustainable dining options.These efforts help us travel more responsibly.After all,exploring the world shouldn􀆳t come 20.　　　　　　 the planet􀆳s expense.  　　Passage 4 (2024·全国新高考1,15分,难度★★★) Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust􀆳s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56.　　　　　　(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57.　　　　　　(function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝).These sepals open on warm days 58.　　　　　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather,the structure stays 59.　　　　　　(close) to protect the plants.  Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60.　　　　　　(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61.　　　　　　 first time.These plants included modern Western 62.　　　　　　(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see,too.  The Glasshouse stands 63.　　　　　　 a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64.　　　　　　 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65.　　　　　　(rich) of gardening in England.  　　Passage 5 (2024·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★★★) Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu,56.　　　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare􀆳s hometown.  Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met,there are common 57.　　　　　　(theme) in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　　(be) also Shakespeare􀆳s concerns.I happen to know that Tang􀆳s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59.　　　　　　 Romeo and Juliet.”  A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare􀆳s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.　　　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,61.　　　　　　(build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes􀆳 walk from Shakespeare􀆳s birthplace.  Those cultural elements have increased Stratford􀆳s international 62.　　　　　　(visible),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63.　　　　　　(find) the connection between the two great writers.  64.　　　　　　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare􀆳s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65.　　　　　　 see how Tang􀆳s play was being performed.”  　　Passage 6 (2024·北京,15分,难度★★★) A Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth.Taking the time 11.　　　 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12.　　　 (self-aware).When we slow down,we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions,which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13.　　　 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.To practise this,we need to establish clear 14.　　　 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.  B On April 5,2024,John Tinniswood 15.　　　 (name) the world􀆳s oldest living man.And when 16.　　　 (ask) about his new title,he shared the secret:moderation (适度).Tinniswood,17.　　　 doesn􀆳t smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.“If you eat too much or do too much of anything,you􀆳re going to suffer eventually,” he said.  C One day,I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books.I thought 18.　　　 myself,“Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then,some kids ran at him,19.　　　 (knock) his books out of his arms.His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.My heart went out to him,and I 20.　　　 (jog) over to him.As I handed him the glasses,he looked at me and said,“Thanks!”  　　Passage 7 (2024·全国甲,15分,难度★★★) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 61.(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.They are 62.　　　　　　(treasure) of American heritage(遗产).How did the national park system come about?  On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 63.　　　　　　 is now northwestern Wyoming.They 64.　　　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.  What should 65.　　　　　　(do) with such a beautiful place?They wondered out loud.This area,with 66.　　　　　　(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved 67.　　　　　　 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.They all agreed and vowed(承诺) to promote the idea at the 68.　　　　　　(complete) of their journey.Their promotional work paid off.Two years later,18 years before Wyoming became a state,Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world.Yellowstone was the 69.　　　　　　(large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,70. became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.  　　Passage 8 (2023·全国新高考1,15分,难度★★★★) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,56.　　　　　(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one,you have to decide whether 57.　　　　　(bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),58.　　　　　 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).  Shanghai may be the 59.　　　　　(recognize) home of the soup dumpling,but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao􀆳s birthplace.There,you􀆳ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60.　　　　　 hand rather than rolled.  Nanxiang aside,the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them 61.　　　　　(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.　　　　　(they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.　　　　　 touch of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious.  No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is 64.　　　　　(rare) enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left 65.　　　　　(want) more next time.  　　Passage 9 (2023·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★) Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look.Behind it,the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach ...the animals? Since June 2017,right before the 56.　　　　(arrive) of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57.　　　　　(confidence) speaking English.And who do they speak English 58.　　　　　?  Not the pandas,even though 59.　　　　　 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60.　　　　　(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.They also need to be ready to give 61.　　　　　(interview) in English with international journalists.This is 62.　　　　　 they need an English trainer.  So,what are they learning?63.　　　　　(basic),how to describe a panda􀆳s life.It􀆳s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 64.　　　　　 to see the pandas settle into their new home.As a little girl,I 65.　　　　　(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now,I􀆳m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.  　　Passage 10 (2023·北京,15分,难度★★★) A Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I􀆳m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11.　　　(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12.　　　(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13.　　　(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.  B Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea,characterised by their complex roots. When 14.　　　(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.  Mangroves can help soften waves and protect15.　　　(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 16.　　　(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.  C Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention17.　　　global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 18.　　　 thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 19.　　　(address) the struggles of people around the world 20.　　　(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.  　　Passage 11 (2023·全国甲,15分,难度★★★) For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) 61.　　　　　(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop􀆳s fables date to the 62.　　　　　(six) century,B.C.Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,63.　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”  Carson uses a simple,direct style common to fable.In fact,her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America,64.　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,65.　　　　　(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message 66.　　　　　(intend) for everyone.  67.　　　　　(difference) from traditional fables,Carson􀆳s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68.　　　　　 saving their environment.  The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However,Cason􀆳s theme is a more weighty 69.　　　　　(warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70.　　　　　(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.  　　Passage 12 (2023·全国乙,15分,难度★★★) Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong 61.　　　　　　 royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully 62.(build) system of ring roads.  But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place 63.　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural 64.(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.  It is a distinct visual contrast(反差)that shouldn􀆳t work,65.　　　　　　 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.66.　　　　　　(visit) several times over the last 10 years,I 67.　　　　　　(amaze) by the coexistence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.As a photographer,I have spent the last two years 68.　　　　　　(record)everything I discovered.  The 69.　　　　　　(remark)development of this city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,70.(mean)there is always something new to discover here,and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.  　　Passage 13 (2022·全国新高考1,15分,难度★★★) The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP).56.　　　　(cover) an area about three times 57.　　　　 size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58.　　　　(be) previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59.　　　　(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.  After a three-year pilot period,the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP 60.　　　　(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,61.　　　　 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.The GPNP􀆳s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62.　　　　(population) and homes of giant pandas,and 63.　　　　(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.  Giant pandas also serve 64.　　　　 an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65.　　　　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.  　　Passage 14 (2022·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★) Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台),Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the 56.　　　　(fall) child.  Eric Brown,only three years old,knocked Henry down when he fell.The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he􀆳ll be OK. 57.　　　　 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident,Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 58.　　　　(sleep) while watching TV.  Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony,and climbed up 59.　　　　(see) them.When he looked down,he 60.　　　　(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes 61.　　　　 screamed for his father,but his father didn􀆳t hear him.  Henry 62.　　　　(fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly 63.　　　　(throw) his tools aside,and started running,arms out.  “He saved my 64.　　　　(son) life,” said Mrs.Brown.“I don􀆳t know 65.　　　　 to thank him.”  “I just didn􀆳t want the boy to be hurt,” said Henry. 　　Passage 15 (2022·北京,15分,难度★★★) A Helen was walking down the street late 11.　　　　 the evening,her arms filled with grocery bags.Focused on balancing the bags,she didn􀆳t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.As Helen walked on,she heard a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention 12.　　　　(harm) her,Helen started to run.Eventually,the man 13.　　　　(catch) up with her,and he was only trying to return her wallet!  B 　　Why do humans prefer some smells over others?One theory,increasingly 14.　　　　(support) by experts,suggests that smell preferences are learned.It􀆳s easy to explain how we determine 15.　　　　 smells are dangerous or not: we learn.This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks.Gas naturally 16.　　　　(have) no recognisable smell.However,a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.  C 　　Since people can􀆳t always eat out or cook for 17.　　　　(they),they get takeout or order delivery.More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste,especially plastic waste.That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of 18.　　　　 are only good for one use.That􀆳s a big problem and it is getting even 19.　　　　(bad).The use of those plastics 20.　　　　(increase) by 300% since 2019.The world won􀆳t survive if this situation continues.  　　Passage 16 (2022·浙江,15分,难度★★) To understand a painting,we􀆳re taught to look for color,composition,and light.But how can a painting 56.　　　　(appreciate)by someone who􀆳s blind?Through touch,the one thing gallery signs tell you not 57.　　　　(do).John Olson,a former 58.　　　　(photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.  　　The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 59.　　　　 blind because we don􀆳t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.Research in the field of neuroplasticity—the brain􀆳s adaptability—shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch.Blind people recognize shapes with their 60.　　　　(exist) senses,in a way similar to that of 61.　　　　 (sight)people,says Ella Striem-Amit,a Harvard scientist.  　　Luc Gandarias,who􀆳s now thirteen,went blind suddenly 62.　　　　 age seven.When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci􀆳s “Mona Lisa” he 63.　　　　(notice)her smile right away.“I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.  　　For Luc,this means 64.　　　　(independent).“The feeling of being able to see it 65.　　　　 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”  　　Passage 17 (2022·全国甲,15分,难度★★) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi􀆳an,as a first step 61.　　　　(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.  On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,62.　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63.　　　　(hold) in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.64.　　　　 friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.  Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental 65.　　　　(protect).Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66.　　　　(meaning).The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.  In the last five years,Cao 67.　　　　(walk) through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa􀆳s 68.　　　　(high) mountain.  Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 69.　　　　 Xi􀆳an to Kashgar on Sept.20,70.　　　　(plan) to hike back to Xi􀆳an in five months.  　　Passage 18 (2022·全国乙,15分,难度★★★) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially 61.　　　　 the United Nations on November 27th,2019.To celebrate 62.　　　　 festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.  The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63.　　　　(address)the opening ceremony.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the 64.　　　　(large) tea-producing country,China has a 65.　　　　(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.It can help to build a community with a 66.　　　　(share) future for mankind,” he said.  The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67.　　　　 cultural exchanges.A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.  68.　　　　(strengthen) the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,69.　　　　(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.  The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony,opening 70.　　　　(it) first exhibition:The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu􀆳er Tea.  　　Passage 19 (讲解 2021·全国新高考1,15分,难度★★) Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles􀆳 song “The Long and Winding Road”.56. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57.(human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will 58.(undoubted) help you get refreshed!The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the 59.(hot) the spring!Strange,isn􀆳t it?But that􀆳s how nature is—always leaving us 60.(astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can􀆳t help wondering how hard it 61.(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure 62. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63.(ache) legs. As the song goes,this long and winding road “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitor􀆳s memory.It sure does in 64.(I).While you􀆳re in China,Mount Huangshan is 65. must to visit! 　　Passage 20 (2021·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★) I􀆳ve always loved the ocean.In the 56.　　　　 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,57.　　　　 (think)it is food.  　　I decided to do something 58.　　　　 (educate) people about this problem.I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach businesses too.I decided that if I learned of a company 59.　　　　 used a lot of plastic,I􀆳d send it an email urging it to cut back.  　　One day,I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company 60.　　　　 emailed its president.I told him how 61.　　　　 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.I was so 62.　　　　 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.  　　I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,I􀆳d send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63.　　　　 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.A company 64.　　　　 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65.　　　　 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.  　　Passage 21 (2021·北京,15分,难度★★★★) A 　　Why do we dream? Scientists aren􀆳t completely sure,and they have diverse 11.　　　　 (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12.　　　　 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it 13.　　　　(connect) things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream.  B 　　Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home 14.　　　　 a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn􀆳t able to give him any information about 15.　　　　 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16.　　　　(safe) wait for the police to take her home.  C 　　There 17.　　　　 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,18.　　　　(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,19.　　　　(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20.　　　　 (invest) in disaster prevention.  　　Passage 22 (2021·浙江,15分,难度★★★) It doesn􀆳t impress like George Washington􀆳s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln􀆳s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,56.　　　　 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.Beautifully restored (修复) to its 1860 appearance,the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln􀆳s home for 17 years.In 1844 they bought it 57.　　　　 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their 58.　　　　 (marry) ceremony in 1842.  When the house was built,it was much 59.　　　　 (small) than it is today.Mary􀆳s niece wrote,“The little home 60.　　　　 (paint) white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.She was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection of 61.　　　　 (she),everything in good taste and in perfect order.”  Although Mary loved flowers,62.　　　　 she nor her husband was known as a gardener.A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year.Mary􀆳s sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over 63.　　　　 (plant) flowers in the front yard.  64.　　　　 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and 65.　　　　 (sell) most of their furniture.  　　Passage 23 (2021·全国甲,15分,难度★★) The Xi􀆳an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China􀆳s long history.It 61.　　　　 (build) originally to protect the city 62.　　　　　 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).It is possible 63.　　　　 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After 64.　　　　 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what 65.　　　　 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!  We 66.　　　　 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky 67.　　　　 did the job.It took us about 3 hours to go all 68.　　　　 way around the Xi􀆳an City Wall.Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and 69.　　　　 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 70.　　　　 (day) routines.  　　Passage 24 (讲解 2021·全国乙,15分,难度★★★) Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61.(educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62.(develop) of the local areas. Ecotourism has 63.(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64. the late 1980s.During that time,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to 65. growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types 66. trips are now being classified as ecotourism.Actually,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: •Minimize the impact of 67.(visit) the place. •Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. •Provide 68.(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. •Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. Komodo National Park,officially recognized in 1980,is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.69.(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70.(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 　　Passage 25 (讲解 2020·北京,15分,难度★★★★) A Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food.He says food 1.　　　　　　(play) a big role in his life.“My mum was a great cook,and she􀆳d sometimes let me have a try,” he said.The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings.He made it with his mum􀆳s help.Oliver says if you􀆳re 2.　　　　　　(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them 3.　　　　　　 you can join in when it􀆳s possible.  B Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4.　　　　　　(throw) away.It takes them hundreds of years 5.　　　　　　(break) down.Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures,such as turtles and dolphins.Over time,the bags fall apart 6.　　　　　　 countless tiny pieces,and fish can accidentally eat some of them.Now,lots of 7.　　　　　　(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.  C A piece of stone 8.　　　　　　(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,known as Neanderthals,were cleverer than previously thought.The Neanderthals 9.　　　　(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years,before dying out about 40,000 years ago.They were much stronger than modern humans,but it􀆳s long been assumed that human ancestors were 10.　　　　　　(smart)than the Neanderthals.However,the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.  Passage 26 (讲解 2020·山东,15分,难度★★) Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the 18th and 19th centuries,36.　　　　　　(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37.　　　　　　 until they died,and then it was given to a museum.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,38.(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39.　　　　　　 opened in 1759.  The parts of a museum open to the public 40.(call) galleries or rooms.Often,only a small part of a museum􀆳s collection 41.(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 42.　　　　　　(they) living at a different time in history or 43.(walk) through a rainforest.At the Jorvik Centre in York,the city􀆳s Viking settlement is recreated,and people experience the sights,sounds and smells of the old town.Historical 44.(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete 45.　　　　　 people􀆳s spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.  Passage 27 (讲解 2020·浙江,15分,难度★★★) Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56.,through agriculture.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57. could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person 58. hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.And,as more children were born,more food 59.(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60.　　　　　　(change) lives.  By about 6,000 BC,people 61.　　　　　　(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later,they learned to work with the 62.(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,63.　　　　　　(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.  This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with 64.　　　　　　 rise of science,changes began.New methods 65.　　　　　　(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.  Passage 28 (讲解 2020·海南,15分,难度★★) These days,it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 56.(begin)computer classes.At the same time,computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 57.(education) computer programs for children in preschool.Also,technological know-how has become a 58.(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world,as the computer has become a common tool in most 59.(profession). The Digital World is a set of volumes 60. aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.Each volume in the set explores 61. wide range of material,explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 62. discusses the influences they have on everyday life.Because the number of possible topics 63.(be) practically limitless,we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.Readers 64.(encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 65.(we) Further Resources section featured in each volume. 　　Passage 29 (讲解 2020·全国1,15分,难度★★★) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang􀆳e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—61.(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon􀆳s far side is 62.(extreme) challenging.Because the moon􀆳s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 64.(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 65. the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang􀆳e-4 66.(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 67.(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68.(construct).”Data about the moon􀆳s composition,such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 70.(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical. Passage 30 (讲解 2020·全国2,15分,难度★★★) Decorating with Plants,Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 61.(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 62.(carry) special significance.They represent the earth 63.(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges:Orange trees are more 64. decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo:Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.66.(certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.Bamboo plants are associated 67. health,abundance and a happy home.They are easy 68.(care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The 69.(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. Passage 31 (讲解 2020·全国3,15分,难度★★) In ancient China lived an artist 61. paintings were almost lifelike.The artist􀆳s reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62.(fine) work,so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 63.(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor􀆳s chief minister,the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. Filled with 64.(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.65. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 66.(point) down the river.The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67.(find) the well-known painter.As the small boat moved 68.(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69.(surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth,Mother Nature. Passage 32 (讲解 2019·北京,15分,难度★★★★) A On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I 1. (voice) my biggest concern to my mother,“How will I make friends?”She handed me advice,“Be yourself.”For the past 20 years,I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously 2. (face) challenges,I know I will whisper to 3.　　　　　　 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.  B Earth Day,4.　　　　　　(mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.First celebrated 5.　　　　　　 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various 6.　　　　　　(activity) on Earth Day.You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.  C Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question 7.　　　　　　 (suggest) that,for most students,it doesn􀆳t.What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8.　　　　　　 they go.The students benefiting most from college are those 9. are totally engaged(参与) in academic life,taking full advantage of the college􀆳s chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and it􀆳s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10.　　　　　　(meaning) college experience.  Passage 33 (讲解 2019·浙江,15分,难度★★★) There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody 56.　　　　　　 (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears 57.　　　　　　 same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 58.　　　　　　 gives off light in the dark.When the children are walking or 59.　　　　　　(cycle) to school on dark mornings,car drivers can 60.　　　　　　(easy) see them.  But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 61.　　　　　　 this question is not clear.One study in America found that students􀆳 grades 62.　　　　　　 (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didn􀆳t want 63.　　　　　　 (wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no 64.　　　　　(connect) between uniforms and school performance.  School uniforms are 65.　　　　　　(tradition) in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don􀆳t have a uniform policy.However,uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.  Passage 34 (讲解 2019·全国1,15分,难度★★★) The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61.　　　　　 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62.　　　　　 (poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.  Modern methods 63.　　　　　　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64.　　　　　　 (perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.　　　　　　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 66.　　　　　　 (believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 67.　　　　　　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.　　　　　　 (high) than they actually are.Of 69.　　　　　　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70.　　　　　　 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.  Passage 35 (讲解 2019·全国2,15分,难度★★) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61.　　　　　　(be)Britain􀆳s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62.　　　　　　 she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 63.　　　　　　(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire􀆳s Woman Of The Year.  Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 64.　　　　　　　　(declare) she had no plans 65.　　　　　　(retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said,“I don􀆳t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66.　　　　　(make) over the years.I work not because I have to,67.　　　　　　 because I want to.”  Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said,“We don􀆳t have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 68.　　　　　　(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was 69.　　　　　　 joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It􀆳s 70.　　　　　　(wonder).”  Passage 36 (讲解 2019·全国3,15分,难度★★) On our way to the house,it was raining 61.　　　　　　 hard that we couldn􀆳t help wondering how long it would take 62.　　　　　　(get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.  We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63.　　　　　　 dogs,seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters 64.　　　　　　 had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65.　　　　　　(recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.  When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66.　　　　　　(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many 67.　　　　　　(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68.　　　　　　 (huge)popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay,we 69.　　　　　　(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,70.　　　　　　(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.  Passage 37 (讲解 2018·浙江11月,15分,难度★★★) The Caffeine Catch Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably 56.　　　　　(use) caffeine since childhood.Caffeine 57.　　　　　(be) in your first Coke.If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults.58.　　　　　(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.  Small amounts of caffeine—a cup 59.　　　　　 two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people.However, some people have trouble with even small amounts.One cup of coffee 60.　　　　　 the late afternoon or evening will cause 61.　　　　　(they) to stay awake almost all night.Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62.　　　　　(call) caffeinism.You get very nervous and you can􀆳t sleep.  It is possible 63.　　　　　 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too.One study showed that 64.　　　　　(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 65.　　　　　(have) children with birth defects.  Passage 38 (讲解 2018·浙江,15分,难度★★★) Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese 56.(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 57. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58. can be to eat out.I still remember 59.(visit) a friend who􀆳d lived here for five years and I 60.(shock) when I learnt she hadn􀆳t cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to 61.(become) common for many young people in recent years,it􀆳s not without a cost.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be 62.(afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 63.(high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64.(weigh) problems. If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum􀆳s home 65. dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. Passage 39 (讲解 2018·全国1,15分,难度★★★) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 61.(long) than non-runners.You don􀆳t have to run fast or for long 62.(see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63.(die) early by running. While running regularly can􀆳t make you live forever,the review says it 64.(be) more effective at lengthening life 65. walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise...it􀆳s probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68.(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and it􀆳s always 69.(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70. a try. Passage 40 (讲解 2018·全国2,15分,难度★★) Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 61.　　　　　　 (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62.　　　　　　 past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.  A taste for meat is 63.　　　　　　(actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn􀆳s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64.　　　　　　(improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 65.　　　　　　 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased 66.　　　　　　(pollute) in the country􀆳s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.  According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67.　　　　　　(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68.　　　　　　(start) a soil-testing program 69.　　　　　　 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China􀆳s approach to protecting its environment while 70.(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank􀆳s Juergen Voegele.  Passage 41 (讲解 2018·全国3,15分,难度★★) I􀆳m not sure 61.is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I􀆳m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,I􀆳m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 62.top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 63.(loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64.(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn􀆳t feel 65.(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor.I􀆳m a 66.(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 67.these three western lowland gorillas I􀆳d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find68.(they) alive.True to a gorilla􀆳s unaggressive nature,the huge animal69.(mean) me no real harm.He was just saying:“I􀆳m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me70.(stay) and watch. Passage 42 (讲解 2017·浙江11月,15分,难度★★★) Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It􀆳s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.Like many things in life,it􀆳s 56. ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that there􀆳s enough room for improvement,57.　　　　　means you􀆳ll just keep getting better and better.Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn􀆳t think that a few 58.(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 59. the rest of your life,and that􀆳s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily,and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.  One of the 60.　　　　　(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.You need to 61.(real) read at least one good book a week,preferably a classic.This isn􀆳t as hard as it 62.(sound),and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 63. (read) an interesting piece of literature.Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 64.　　　　　(they) use unconsciously,meaning that you will tend to use the words 65.(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.  Passage 43 (讲解 2017·浙江,15分,难度★★★) Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.(carrot)and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer,and she noticed a 57.(shine) object.Yes,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 58.　　　　　loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 59.(I),”says Pahlsson.  Sixteen years 60.　　　　　(early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.　　　　　(cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten,eight,and six — had picked it up,but the girls said they hadn􀆳t.Pahlsson and her husband 62.(search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says.She never replaced it.  Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.　　　　　(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64.it remained until the carrot􀆳s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.For Pahlsson,its return was 65.　　　　　 wonder.  Passage 44 (讲解 2017·全国1,15分,难度★★★) There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.　　　　　 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62.　　　　　(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.  Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63.　　　　　(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 64.(remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65.　　　　　 result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 66.(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 67.　　　　　(be) full of fat and salt;by 68.(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.  Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 69.　　　　　(care) not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,70. is not good for the health.  Passage 45 (讲解 2017·全国2,15分,难度★★) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62. work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,63.(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64. top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 65.(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.(fair) unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using 67. every day. Later,engineers 68.(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 69.(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.(success) of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public. Passage 46 (讲解 2017·全国3,15分,难度★★) She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61.　　　　　(rest).Instead,she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 62. model in New York.  Sarah 63.　　　　　 (tell) that she could be Britain􀆳s new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah,64.has taken part in shows along with top models,wants 65.(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 66.(educate).  She has turned down several 67.　　　　　(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68.　　　　　 engineering or architecture.  Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school 69.　　　　　(come) first.I don􀆳t want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is 70.　　　　　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don􀆳t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can􀆳t model any more.”  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题四　语法填空 　　Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。上海久事美术馆迎来了一场灵感来源于围棋的艺术作品展览。这场展览将当代艺术、围棋文化与前沿科技巧妙融合,带来了一场视觉与思想的盛宴。 56.which　考查定语从句引导词。根据空后的originated in可知,该空用作主语;由于定语从句的先行词是Go,or weiqi,所以用which引导非限制性定语从句。 57.the　考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级earliest可知,此处应用the。 58.to present　考查动词不定式。动词hope后接动词不定式作宾语,即hope to do sth.(希望做某事)。 59.guidance　考查名词。根据空前的your可知,此处应用guide的名词形式guidance。 60.are revealed　考查动词的时态和语态。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players􀆳 personalities与动词reveal为动宾关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,故填are revealed。 61.tries　考查动词的时态。本句中缺少谓语动词,主语是A decent winner,故应用try的第三人称单数形式。 62.by　考查介词。by表示“以某种幅度或数量”;一个得体的赢家总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。 63.strategic　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词placement of the pieces,所以用形容词形式,故填strategic。 64.and　考查连词。the balance...,the beauty...和the energy flow...是并列关系,一起作宾语从句的主语,故填and。 65.digitally　考查副词。所填的词修饰动词generated,所以用副词形式。digital的副词形式为digitally。 　　Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国移居中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 56.where　考查定语从句。所填的词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the countryside of Zhejiang,China,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。 57.central　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词heating,应用形容词形式,故填central,意为“中央的,中心的”。 58.for　考查介词。prepare sb.for...意为“使某人为……做好准备”,是固定搭配。 59.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,adapt和learn是并列关系,在句中作并列谓语,应用连词and连接。 60.myself　考查反身代词。所填的词指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself,构成“find oneself doing sth.”固定结构。 61.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,故填is。 62.to discover　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰chance。the chance to do sth.意为“做某事的机会”,故填to discover。 63.absence　考查名词。所填的词作thanks to的宾语,应用名词形式,故填absence,意为“缺乏,没有”,该词是不可数名词。 64.afternoons　考查名词的数。afternoon意为“下午”,是可数名词,根据plenty of可知,此处应用复数形式afternoons。 65.left　考查非谓语动词。该从句已有谓语have experienced,所以此处应用非谓语动词。a sheet or shirt和leave(使处于某种状态)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填left。 　　Passage 3 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者放学后总喜欢与自己的狗尼克在森林里散步。虽然“我”担心尼克的叫声会让人害怕,但事实上森林里除了“我”和尼克根本没有其他人。 11.peaceful　考查形容词。根据空前的“It􀆳s”可知,此处用形容词作表语,故用peace的形容词peaceful(安静的),表示森林里很安静。 12.scared　考查非谓语动词。scare使害怕,使恐惧;have sb.done使某人被……;someone与scare之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。 13.what　考查表语从句引导词。is后接表语从句,空后的“could be guessed”是谓语动词,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导;what在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。做决定是人生的一部分,有些决定很快可以做出,但另外一些决定却要再三斟酌才能做出。 14.longer　考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构可知,whether to get up与stay in bed slightly相比较,此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。 15.had made　考查时态。根据前面的“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处要用过去完成时,故填had made。 温馨提示:表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时。 16.are achieved　考查动词的时态和语态。根据上句中的“are”和“take”,以及本句中的Usually可知,本句应用一般现在时。由于outcomes与achieve之间存在被动关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are achieved。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。根据世界野生动物基金会的一篇报道,去年游客造成许多食物浪费。为了减少这种影响,我们出发去旅游前,应该先清空我们的冰箱。 17.travelling/traveling　考查非谓语动词。句子的主语we与travel之间存在主动关系,故用动词-ing形式travelling/traveling。此处为状语从句的省略,句子补全为When we travel/are travelling/traveling...。 18.left　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last year(去年)可知,本句应用一般过去时,故填left。 19.which　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。本句的先行词是1.3 billion tons of food waste,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,且that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。 20.at　考查介词。词组at one􀆳s expense=at the expense of...的含义是“以……为代价”。故填at。 　　Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赫斯维克工作室最近的一个温室项目,这个名为玻璃屋的建筑展示了丝绸之路对于英国花园的影响。 56.engineering　考查名词。engineer做动词时意为“设计制造”,再根据后面的techniques可知,此处用名词形式engineering做定语修饰techniques,表示“工程技术”。 57.functional　考查形容词。空后的structure为名词,故此处应用function的形容词形式functional(实用的)做定语。 58.to give　考查非谓语动词。本句中已经出现了谓语动词open,因此应用give的非谓语动词形式。再由句意“这些萼片在温暖的日子打开是为了给里面的植物阳光和新鲜的空气。”可知,所填的词做目的状语,所以用动词不定式。 59.closed　考查形容词。本题易错,部分学生不知道closed可以用作形容词“关闭的”。由空前的stays可做系动词可知,此处用closed与上句中的open相呼应,表示“在冷天时,这个建筑保持关闭,为的是保护里面的植物”。 60.walks　考查谓语动词。本句的主语是the Silk Route Garden,宾语是visitors,故此处用谓语动词,句子的主语为第三人称单数,故此处用walks。本句中的walk不是不及物动词“走路,散步”的含义,而是及物动词,意为“陪伴……走”。 如今的英语高考试卷中,对熟词生义的考查越来越多,希望同学们在学习的过程中,多积累词汇的含义。 61.the　考查冠词。根据后面的first time可知,此处应填the。 62.favourites/favorites　考查名词复数。此题的难度在于,大家只熟悉favourite做形容词时的意思“最喜爱的”,却忽视了favourite做名词时的意思“最喜爱的人或物”。根据后面的“such as rosemary,lavender and fennel”可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。 63.as　考查介词。Glasshouse作为当代设计的一项伟大成就而矗立着,容纳了……。as意为“作为”。此题易误用for或out,这两个词放上句意不通顺。 64.that/which　考查定语从句引导词。本句的先行词为the Silk Route,此处引导词that/which在从句中做主语,表示丝绸之路把这些植物从它们在亚洲的生长地带过来。 65.richness　考查名词。由前面的the可知,此处用rich的名词形式richness。 Passage 5 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍纪念“东方莎士比亚”汤显祖的文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福增添了国际化特色,并展示了两位文学巨匠作品间的相似主题。 56.who　考查定语从句。先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填who。 四步搞定关系词 第一步:分析句子结构,判断所填的词是引导限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句; 第二步:找出先行词,判断先行词是指人的名词还是指物的名词; 第三步:分析句子成分,判断关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,还是状语; 第四步:根据关系词所作的成分判断所填的关系词。作主语、宾语或表语,指人用who、that、whom,指物用that或which;作定语用whose;作状语用where、when和why。 57.themes　考查名词的数。本句为“there be”句型,根据“are”可判断,主语为复数形式,故填themes。 前看修饰语,后看谓语动词 当所填的词是可数名词时,如果前面的修饰语是many、a few或具体的数字时,该名词要用复数形式。如果谓语动词是动词原形、have、are或were时,该名词也要用复数形式。 58.were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为本句的谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“Some of the things”,是复数,故填were。 59.to　考查固定短语。be similar to意为“和……相似”,是固定搭配。 60.inspired　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作后置定语,“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和“inspire”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式,故填inspired。 61.was built　考查动词的时态和语态。此处为本句的谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“build”之间为被动关系,故填was built。 62.visibility　考查名词。形容词international后接名词,visibility意为“知名度”,是不可数名词。 63.to find　考查非谓语动词。amazed作表语,后接动词不定式作原因状语,故填to find。 64.Recalling　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式;句首首字母大写,故填Recalling。 65.and　考查并列连词。空前的“hear the Chinese language”和空后的“see how Tang􀆳s play was being performed”为并列结构,所以用and连接。 Passage 6 A 　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了放慢脚步对个人成长的重要意义。 11.to rest　考查非谓语动词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“花时间做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式,故填to rest。 12.self-awareness　考查名词。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词形式,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。 13.gives　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。根据“helps”可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。 14.boundaries　考场名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人生活和职业生涯中建立明确的界限。提示词boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后“in our personal and professional life”可知,此处表示不止一个界限,应用复数形式,故填boundaries。 当所给的提示词是名词时,我们可以按照以下步骤来作答。 第一步:判断所填词所作的句子成分。如果所填的词位于情态动词后作谓语或位于动词不定式的符号后,要变为动词;如果是作定语或表语,则要变为形容词;如果表示所属关系,则要用名词的所有格。 第二步:判断名词的单复数。当空格前面有“these,those,few,a lot of,many”等修饰语时,该名词要用复数;如果该名词作主语,谓语中有“have,are”和“were”时,该名词要用复数;当空格前面没有明确的单数修饰语时,也要用复数形式。 B 　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。 15.was named　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“On April 5,2024”可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语“John Tinniswood”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填was named。 16.asked　考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。“when”引导的时间状语从句中,若从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略,故填asked。 17.who　考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。 C 　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为一个掉落东西的男孩提供帮助的故事。 18.to　考查介词。think to oneself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”。 19.knocking　考查非谓语动词。句意:就在这时,一些孩子朝他跑来,把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。knock与逻辑主语“some kids”之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语,故填knocking。 20.jogged　考查时态。句中and连接并列句,空处作后一分句的谓语,根据句中went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,故填jogged。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家公园的起源、重要性及其发展历史。 61.to catch　考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”,所以填to catch,表示一种倾向性的动作。 62.treasures　考查名词复数。treasure意为“珍宝;财富”,根据前面的 “are”可知,该词要用复数形式,故填treasures。 63.what　考查名词性从句。所填的词引导一个宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,故填what。 64.were　考查时态。根据“had spent”可知,此处需要使用过去时态,主语是They,故填were。 65.be done　考查被动语态。What和do是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用被动语态。由于前面有should,故填be done。 66.its　考查代词。所填的词指代前面提到的“This area”,表示“该地区的独特自然美景”,所以用形容词性物主代词。 67.for　考查介词。根据下文的“all people of the nation to enjoy”可知,此处为“for sb to do”结构。for在这里是介词,表示目的。 68.completion　考查名词。根据前面的“at the”可知,所填的词要用名词形式,故填completion,意为“完成;结束”。 69.largest　考查比较等级。根据前面的冠词the可知,该词要用最高级形式,故填largest。 70.which　考查定语从句。所填的词引导一个非限制性定语从句,指代前面提到的 “Wrangell-Saint Elias”并在从句中作主语,故填which。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小笼包的历史起源以及其制作方法。 56.tasty　考查形容词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰名词soup作定语,所以用其形容词形式,故填tasty。 57.to bite　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为whether to do形式作decide的宾语,故填to bite。 58.or　考查连词。根据句子结构及上下文语境可知,此处为whether to...or to...的结构,to bite a small hole和to put the whole dumpling为选择关系,故填or。 59.recognized　考查非谓语动词。recognize和home存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式作定语。 60.by　考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“用手按压”,by hand为固定搭配,故填by。 61.to be lifted　考查非谓语动词。此处是allow sb/sth to do结构。lift和them存在逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式,故填to be lifted。 62.their　考查代词。所填的词修饰名词contents,所以用形容词性物主代词,故填their。 63.a　考查冠词。a touch of是固定搭配,意为“一点,稍许”。a touch of sweetness意为“一点甜味”。 64.rarely　考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词enough,所以用其副词形式,故填rarely。 65.wanting　考查非谓语动词。此处为leave sb doing sth的被动结构。I和want是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式,故填wanting。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的工作是帮助熊猫饲养员在用英语与国际游客和记者交流时感到舒适和自信。 56.arrival　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的the two new pandas可知,此处应用arrive的名词形式arrival。 57.confident　考查名词与形容词的词性转化。根据and前的comfortable可知,and后的词性应与前面的comfortable保持一致,故用confidence的形容词。 58.with/to　考查介词。根据空前的who和speak English可知,此处考查短语speak English with/to sb.。 59.the　考查冠词。此处特指前面所提到的英语这门语言,故表示特指,应用定冠词the。 60.visiting　考查非谓语动词。空后的Chinese zookeepers与visit之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。 61.interviews　考查名词。根据空前的动词give可知,此处应用interview的名词形式,再根据interview是可数名词可知,此处应用其复数形式interviews。 62.why　考查名词性从句引导词。上文所叙述的是熊猫饲养员需要英语培训师的原因,故此处用why。 63.Basically　考查副词。根据空后的逗号可知,此处应用副词作状语。 64.and　考查连词。此处用and连接前后两个动词不定式短语 to watch...和to see...。 65.wished　考查时态。由本句的时间状语when I grew up用了一般过去时可知,此处应用wish的过去式wished。 Passage 10 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。 11.would throw　考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对……。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作应用过去将来时,故填would throw。 12.exactly　考查副词。句意:当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time要用副词形式,故填exactly。 13.had arrived　考查时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中的arrive表示发生在turned up之前的动作,所以用过去完成时,故填had arrived. 根据动作先后,判断动词时态 一般情况下,我们可以根据句子中的时间状语来判断谓语动词的时态,但是,在有些复合句中,时间关系是由谓语动词发生的先后关系来体现的,这时我们可以利用谓语动词来判断动词的时态。如该题,turned up用的是过去时,后面that从句中的arrive是表示发生在turned up之前的动作,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。红树林生长在陆地和海洋之间,有助于减缓海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。到目前为止,中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。 14.seen　考查状语从句。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略。在从句中,主语the mangrove forests和动词see之间是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式:when (they are) seen from afar...。 15.cities　考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于减缓海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。 16.has established　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。根据时间状语Up to now“到目前为止”可知,句子应用现在完成时。主语为China,故填has established。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都只有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。她的努力已经鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。 17.to　考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都只有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。call attention to意为“唤起对……的注意”。 18.where　考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水资源会议。先行词是Chicago,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。 19.to address　考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临的“水太少或水太脏” 的难题。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作目的状语,所以用动词不定式。 20.facing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,face与people是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作定语。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了寓言故事的功能及Carson所创作的寓言故事的特点等。 61.to teach　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的have told为谓语动词,空前没有连词,故teach需用不定式形式作目的状语,句意为“人们讲述寓言故事是为了告诉我们经验教训或者传递智慧”。故填to teach。 62.sixth　考查数词。结合句意可知,此处的the sixth century表示“第六个世纪”。故填sixth。 63.as　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句为非限制性定语从句,表示“正如Rachel Carson所说的那样”。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如、正像”。故填as。 64.where　考查定语从句。本句中a town为先行词,“all life seemed to enjoy peaceful...”为定语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 65.borrowing　考查非谓语动词。本句中begins为谓语动词,故此处borrow需用非谓语动词形式,由于borrow与逻辑主语her fable构成主动关系,故用现在分词borrowing。故填borrowing。 66.intended　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的谓语是系动词is,故此处需用非谓语动词形式,be intended for “专为……设计”,此处intended作后置定语。故填intended。 67.Different　考查形容词。(be)different from意为“与……不同”,为固定搭配。此处的different from traditional fables为形容词短语作状语,位于句首首字母要大写。故填Different。 68.for　考查介词。take responsibility for为固定搭配,表示“为……负责任”。故填for。 69.warning　考查词性转换。根据前面的不定冠词a可知,此处需要用名词形式warning,表示“警告、警示”。故填warning。 70.be employed　考查被动语态。结合前面的情态动词can可知,此处需要用动词原形,前面的主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填be employed。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章的作者从一位摄影师的视角介绍了北京这座古典和现代完美融合的城市。 61.to　考查介词。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,此处是“(from) narrow hutongs 　　　royal palaces”,所以填to。  62.built　考查非谓语动词。build和“system of ring roads”有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词过去分词作定语。 63.that/which　考查定语从句。先行词是a place,关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语,所以填that/which。 64.wonders　考查名词复数。wonder意为“奇迹”,是可数名词。该词前没有单数修饰语,所以用复数形式。 65.but/yet　考查连词。根据语境可知,前后两句是转折关系,所以填but/yet。 66.Having visited　考查非谓语动词。visit和句子的主语I有逻辑上的主谓关系,且所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以用动词-ing形式的完成时。 67.was amazed　考查动词的时态和语态。amaze和I是动宾关系,且讲述的是过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 68.recording　考查非谓语动词。根据前面的spent可知,此处为spend time (in) doing sth结构,所以填recording。 69.remarkable　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词development,所以用形容词形式。 70.means　考查主谓一致。“development of this city”是句子的主语,讲述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时,故填means。 Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。中国将在明年建立大熊猫国家公园,文章主要介绍了该公园的规模、建造目的和意义以及指导原则。 56.Covering　考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词will be,所以此处用非谓语动词形式;句子主语与cover之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。故用Covering。 57.the　考查冠词。此处为倍数表达形式之一,当倍数后面出现名词时,名词前面用定冠词修饰。故用the。 58.were　考查动词的时态。根据后面的副词previously可知,此处用一般过去时;that指代前面的a significant number of areas,所以谓语动词用复数形式。故用were。 59.to increase　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to increase。 60.is designed　考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文内容可知,此处客观介绍设计这个国家公园的指导原则是什么,所以用一般现在时;主语与design之间是被动关系,用被动语态。故用is designed。 61.and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,上下文之间为并列关系。故用and。 62.populations　考查名词复数。根据前面的separate可知,此处用名词复数形式。故用populations。 63.eventually　考查副词。修饰后面的动词achieve,应该用副词形式。故用eventually。 64.as　考查介词。serve as是动词短语,意为“担任”。故用as。 65.that　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,修饰species;从句中缺少主语,且先行词前面有all修饰。故用that。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。三岁的小男孩Eric Brown从自家阳台掉了下来,正在附近修车的Henry听到呼救声,拼命奔跑,伸出胳膊,接住了Eric。 56.falling　考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词,所以此处用非谓语形式;中心词child与fall之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。故用falling。 57.The　考查冠词。此处表示特指布朗一家人,故用the,位于句首,首字母大写。故用The。 58.asleep　考查形容词。fall asleep意为“睡着了”,其中fall为系动词,asleep为形容词。故用asleep。 59.to see　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故用to see。 句子中已经出现了谓语动词pushed和climbed up,此处只能用非谓语形式;结合句意可知,此处强调的是动作发生的目的,所以用不定式。 60.accidentally　考查副词。修饰后面的动词slipped,应该用副词形式。故用accidentally。 61.and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,句中hung与screamed是两个顺承的动作,上下文之间为并列关系。故用and。 62.was fixing　考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb.be doing sth.when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数,所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 when用做并列连词常出现的句型: Sb.had just done sth.when... Sb.was/were doing sth.when... Sb.was about to do sth.when... Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... 63.threw　考查动词时态。根据下文的“and started running”可知,此处用一般过去时。故用threw。 64.son􀆳s　考查名词所有格。设空处修饰后面的life,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应使用名词所有格。故用son􀆳s。 65.how　考查连接词。根据句子结构可知,设空处为“特殊疑问词+to do结构”作宾语,表示“我不知道如何感谢他”,所以用how。 Passage 15 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。 11.in　考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。 12.to harm　考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,动词不定式作后置定语。 13.caught　考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!空处是谓语动词,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其他的味道的一个原因,是人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也受到越来越多的专家的支持。 14.supported　考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。One theory和support有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以填动词-ed形式作定语。 15.whether　考查宾语从句。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,所填的词引导宾语从句,结合句子中的or not可知,此处为whether...or not的搭配。 16.has　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。所填的词作谓语,此处是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,主语为Gas,是第三人称单数,故填has。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。人们在购买可打包带走的食物或点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。 17.themselves　考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者他们自己做饭,所以他们购买可打包带走的食物或叫外卖。所填的词作介词for的宾语,反指句子的主语,所以用反身代词,故填themselves。 18.which　考查定语从句。句意:那包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只能使用一次。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“cups,bottles,and bags”在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以填which。 19.worse　考查形容词比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even意为“甚至”,常用来修饰比较级,所以填worse。 20.has increased　考查动词时态。句意:自2019年以来,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中“since 2019”可知,此处用现在完成时,主语“The use of those plastics”为单数含义,故填has increased。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。 56.be appreciated　考查动词语态。主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,故填be appreciated。 57.to do　考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”,故填to do。 58.photographer　考查名词。根据前面的a可知,此处是单数可数名词,表示“摄影师”,故填photographer。 59.the　考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看:我们用大脑看。the blind意为“盲人”,“the+形容词”表示一类人。 60.existing　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词senses作定语,所以用形容词形式,故填existing,意为“现有的”。 61.sighted　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词people作定语,所以用形容词形式,故填sighted,表示“能看见的;不盲的”。 62.at　考查介词。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。 63.noticed　考查动词时态。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时,故填noticed。 64.independence　考查名词。 所填的词作means的宾语,所以填independence,该词是不可数名词。 65.and　考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是失明男子曹晟康徒步旅行并沿途做环保的经历。 61.to journey　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作定语修饰名词step,所以用动词不定式,故填to journey。 62.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,所以填who。 63.held　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hold和the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式作定语。 64.A　考查冠词。根据空格后的“friend of his”可知,此处指“他的一个朋友”,所以用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头且空格位于句首,首字母大写,故填A。 65.protection　考查名词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作宾语,所以用名词形式,故填protection。 66.meaningful　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,此处用形容词作宾语补足语,故填meaningful。 67.has walked　考查时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知,句子要用现在完成时,故填has walked。 68.highest　考查形容词最高级。根据“Africa􀆳s”可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山,所以填highest。 69.from　考查介词。表示“从……到……”要用from...to...。 70.planning　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。plan与主语He为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国确定的首届“国际茶日”的相关内容及北京华商博物馆为此所举办的一系列活动。 61.by　考查介词。此处be named by表示“由……命名”。根据前面的被动语态was named可知,此处填介词by表被动。 62.the/this　考查冠词。此处的festival特指上文提到的首届“国际茶日”,既然庆祝活动为特指,肯定要选用特指限定范围的定冠词the,或使用指示限定词this指代上句刚提及的纪念日。 63.addressed　考查谓语动词。根据上文提到的May 21st可知,首届“国际茶日”已经举办,故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。 64.largest　考查形容词最高级。结合句意可知,此处表示“作为茶的发源地和最大的茶叶生产国”,同时空前的定冠词the亦能表明需要用最高级,故填largest。 65.responsibility　考查名词。根据空前的冠词a可知,空格处需要用名词形式。have a responsibility to do sth表示“有责任做某事”。 66.shared　考查非谓语动词。share和future有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式作定语,修饰future,表示“人类命运共同体”。 67.and　考查连词。空前的international cooperation与空后的cultural exchanges为相同的名词短语成分,故需要用连词连接,由于前后表示并列关系,故用and。此处表示“促进国际合作和文化交流”。 68.To strengthen　考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处需用不定式表目的,故填To strengthen。 69.inviting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中the event为主语,included为谓语动词,故invite需用非谓语动词形式,由于其与逻辑主语构成主动关系,故用动词-ing形式inviting。 70.its　考查代词。空后是名词短语first exhibition,故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰。 Passage 19 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了游览黄山的所见所感。 56.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句中的“　　　 is so breathtaking about the experience”为主语从句,主语从句中缺少主语,故填What。  57.humans　考查名词。句意:当你在山顶时,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。分析句子结构可知,此处需要用humans做we的同位语。 58.undoubtedly　考查副词。结合句子结构可知,此处应用副词undoubtedly修饰动词help。 59.hotter　考查比较级。句意:温泉的奇妙之处在于,气温越低,泉水越热!此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,表示“越……,越……”。 60.astonished　考查形容词。leave us astonished表示“使我们感到惊讶”,本句中的astonished为形容词作宾语补足语,对us的状态进行解释和说明。 61.was　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把那些石头放到适当的位置是多么的困难。根据句意及时间状语then可知,此处应该用一般过去时,且由于主语为it,故填was。 62.and　考查连词。设空处后的offers与前面的highlights并列作谓语,故填and。 63.aching　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用aching修饰名词legs,表示“疼痛的腿”。 64.mine　考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。它也肯定会留在我的记忆里。结合句意可知,此处表示“我的记忆中”,故用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my memory。 65.a　考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是必到之地!此处在must前加冠词a表示“一件必须做的事”。 Passage 20 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。 56.seventh　考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。 57.thinking　考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构可知,所填的词用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。 58.to educate　考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知,　　　　 (educate) people about this problem用作目的状语,所以用动词不定式。  59.which/that　考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知, 所填的词引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用which或that。 60.and　考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。 61.harmful　考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,所填的词作表语,所以填harmful。 62.excited　考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。所填的词作表语,所以用形容词,修饰人,所以填excited。 63.was　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知,这里描述的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时;在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。 64.representative　考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1 200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。 65.from　考查介词。此处表示这家航空公司把塑料杯换成了纸杯。固定短语switch (over) from...to...意为“将……改变成……”。故填from。 Passage 21 A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们会做梦的原因。 11.ideas　考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse意为“不同的,多种多样的”,后接可数名词的复数形式,故填ideas。 12.that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,所填的词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以填关系代词that。 13.connects　考查时态。根据主句的谓语动词“turns”可知,从句的谓语动词也应该用一般现在时。由于主语是第三人称单数it,所以填connects。 B 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了生活播主Sam救助一个老太太的故事。 14.on　考查介词。 表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,需用介词on。 15.where　考查宾语从句。根据空后的“she lived”可知,此处意为“这个可怜的老太太说不清楚她住在哪里”。根据句意,此处用where引导宾语从句。 16.safely　考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰动词短语“wait for the police”,所以用副词作状语,故填safely。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。在过去的20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,造成了极大的经济损失,因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。 17.has been　考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知,句子的时态要用现在完成时,主语是a dramatic rise,所以填has been。 18.caused　考查非谓语动词。所填的词和“a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events”是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式。 19.resulting　考查非谓语动词。“7,348 major natural disasters”与result是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,所以用动词-ing形式作结果状语。 20.to invest　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词作定语修饰need,表示未来的动作,所以用不定式,故填to invest。 Passage 22 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了林肯夫妇曾经居住过17年的一处旧居,包括购买时间、格局变化、修整状况等。 56.has proved/has proven　考查动词时态语态。根据句末的时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知,主句谓语动词使用现在完成时。 57.for　考查介词。根据句意可知,此处用介词for表示以多少钱的价格购买。 58.marriage　考查名词。根据前面的their可知,此处用名词形式。marriage ceremony意为“结婚典礼”。 59.smaller　考查形容词。根据后面的“than it is today”可知,此处用形容词比较级。 60.was painted　考查动词时态语态。根据下文中出现的“was”和“loved”可知,此处用一般过去时;主语home与paint之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。 61.herself　考查代词。根据句意可知,Mary非常美丽,她的房子就像她自己的写照,也非常美好。 62.neither　考查连词。此处用neither...nor...连接并列的主语,表示“既不……也不……”。 63.to plant　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 64.The　考查冠词。在英语中,“定冠词the+姓氏的复数形式”表示“夫妇二人或一家人”。 65.sold　考查动词时态。根据上文的“rented”以及“and”可知,此处用sell的一般过去时。 Passage 23 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。作者以第一人称描述了在西安古城墙参观游览的过程。 61.was built　考查动词时态语态。根据“originally”一词可知此处描述过去的事情;主语“It”和build之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 62.in　考查介词。表示“在某个朝代”用介词in。 63.to walk　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句首的“It”是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。 64.spending　考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词,介词后面用动词-ing形式作宾语。 65.better　考查形容词。根据后面的“than”可知,此处用形容词的比较级形式。 66.hired　考查动词时态。根据上下文内容可知,此处描述的是发生在过去的经历,所以用一般过去时。 67.but　考查连词。根据句意可知,作者租的自行车虽然破旧但是仍然发挥作用。上下文之间是转折关系,故填but。 观句式,析关系,定并列连词 并列连词的考查是高考语法填空的热点,常考的并列连词有:so,but,and,when,while,for等。解题时可根据上下文的逻辑关系来判断所填的并列连词。如:上下文是转折关系填but,前因后果填so,前果后因填for,前后对比填while,并列关系填and等。也可根据固定的句式来判断所填的并列连词。如:“祈使句+and(or)+简单句”等。 68.the　考查冠词。根据句意可知,沿着西安古城墙走一圈花费了我们大约三个小时的时间。all the way是固定短语,意为“一路;自始至终”。 69.watchtowers　考查名词。根据前面的“different gates”可知,此处用复数形式。 70.daily　考查形容词。修饰后面的“routines”应该用形容词形式。daily routines意为“日常生活”。 Passage 24 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生态旅游和传统旅游的区别以及生态旅游需要遵循的原则。 61.educated　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词作表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。 62.development　考查名词。根据空格前面的定冠词the可知,所填的词是名词形式,故用development。 63.its　考查代词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰名词origin作定语,故用形容词性物主代词。 析成分,填代词 语法填空中对代词的考查,通常是在有提示词的情况下要求考生写出适当的代词形式。因此,作答时,首先要判断空格处在句中是作主语、宾语、还是定语,然后考虑空格处指代人还是指代物,是男还是女,是单数还是复数,最后确定所填的代词。 64.until　考查连词。分析句子结构并结合前面的not可知,本句是not...until...结构。 65.the　考查冠词。所填的词位于名词的前面,且名词后有of短语作定语,因此该名词是特指,故用定冠词。 66.of　考查介词。various types of...意为“各种各样的……”。 67.visiting　考查非谓语动词。所给的词是动词且位于介词后,故用动词-ing形式。 68.financial　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词aid,故用financial。 69.Activities　考查名词单复数。所给单词是名词,结合句子的谓语动词range可知,该名词要用其复数形式。 70.to have　考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”,故填to have。 Passage 25 A 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。 1.plays/is playing/has played/has been playing　考查时态。句意:他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态,也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态,所以可以用现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 2.lucky　考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词,所以空处填形容词作表语,故填lucky。 3.if/ whether　考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可以加入。此处是宾语从句,从句中省略了跟上文重复的宾语,从句成分看似不完整其实是完整的,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害,应禁止使用。 4.are thrown　考查时态语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,主语they和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are thrown。 5.to break　考查非谓语动词。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式作真正主语。 6.into/to　考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,这些袋子分解成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...(分崩离析成……),介词into/to可表示“变成……”。 7.countries　考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。 8.found　考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,find和逻辑主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以填found。 9.had lived/had been living/lived　考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years可知,应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般过去时。 10.smarter　考查比较等级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。根据空后的than可知,此处应用比较级。 Passage 26 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍博物馆的由来、经营与生存之道。 36.wealthy　考查形容词。此处使用形容词修饰后面的名词people,意为“家庭富裕的人们”。 37.or　考查连词。or表示选择。句意:收藏家等到家中藏品足够丰富或者他们死后,会将藏品捐赠给博物馆。 38.formed　考查动词时态。根据句法分析,The 80,000 objects为句子的主语,再根据后面的时间状语判断,应使用一般过去时态。句意:汉斯·斯隆爵士所收藏的8万件藏品组成了大英博物馆的核心馆藏。 39.which/that　考查定语从句。关系代词that或which指代前面的名词the British Museum,并在定语从句中作主语。 40.are called　考查动词的时态和语态。此处叙述一般事实,主语核心名词The parts与后面动词call之间构成被动关系,故用被动语态。 看主谓关系,定动词语态 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。因此,我们可以根据主语和动词之间的关系来判断谓语所使用的语态。如果主语和动词之间是主谓关系,要用主动语态;如果是动宾关系,则要用被动语态。 41.is　考查主谓一致。根据后一句“Most of it is stored away or used for research.”可知,此处用be动词的第三人称单数形式is。 42.themselves　考查代词。句意:来访者可以同电脑模拟互动,并想象他们自己生活在历史的不同时期……由此判断使用反身代词。 43.walking　考查非谓语动词。由并列连词or判断,后面部分与living at a different time in history形式一致,故使用walking。 44.accuracy　考查名词。前面的Historical为形容词,后面应使用名词作主语。 45.for　考查介词。compete for...“为……而竞争”。句意:博物馆必须与其他娱乐方式为人们的业余时间和金钱而竞争。 Passage 27 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了农业的发展史。 56.in　考查介词。根据空前“the world they lived”可知此处指“生活在”,live为不及物动词,后需跟介词in再跟地点名词。 57.what　考查宾语从句的连接词。由空前on可知宾语从句缺少连接词;由空后could be hunted可知此处缺少主语,因此需用what。 58.than　考查比较级的标志词。由空前more food可知此处缺少比较级标志词than。 59.was needed　考查动词一般过去时的被动语态。由所给词汇need和主语more food可知二者之间存在被动关系,因此需用被动语态;根据前半句were born可知此处动词的时态为一般过去时且food为不可数名词,因此需填was needed。 60.to change　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知此处缺少目的状语,因此需用不定式。 61.had discovered　考查动词的过去完成时。由时间状语“By about 6,000 BC(到大约在公元前6 000年为止)”可知此处谓语动词需用过去完成时。 62.seasons　考查可数名词复数。结合所给词汇season可知该词为可数名词,因此需用复数形式。 63.making　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,make use of和逻辑主语they之间存在主动关系,而且本句话真正的谓语为learned,不缺谓语,因此需用动词-ing形式作状语。 64.the　考查定冠词。with the rise of 意为“随着……的崛起”,为固定词组。 65.meant　考查动词的一般过去时。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,且由that引导的宾语从句谓语动词worked可知此处谓语动词需用一般过去时。 Passage 28 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《数字世界》丛书出版的背景、目的等信息。 56.to begin　考查非谓语动词。本题为“It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”句式,所以填to begin。 57.educational　考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词,所以用形容词形式。 58.requirement　考查名词。根据前面的冠词a可知,所填的词是单数可数名词。 59.professions　考查名词的数。profession意为“职业”,是可数名词。根据most可知,该词要用复数形式。 60.that/which　考查定语从句。所填的词引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,所以填that/which。 61.a　考查冠词。a wide range of...“广泛的……”。 62.and　考查连词。所填的词连接并列谓语,所以填and。 63.is　考查主谓一致。“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式,由于时态是一般现在时,所以填is。 64.are encouraged　考查被动语态。readers和encourage有动宾关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。 65.our　考查代词。所填的词作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词性的物主代词。 Passage 29 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆,彰显了中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。 61.touched　考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,主语为The unmanned Chang􀆳e-4 probe,设空处为谓语动词,根据空后的last week可知,此处应用一般过去时。 62.extremely　考查副词。此处修饰形容词challenging,应用副词形式。 析成分,定形副 高考语法填空对形容词的考查主要集中在词性的转换上,一般情况下是由名词转换为形容词。作答时,要注意分析空格处所做的句子成分。如果是修饰名词作定语或在连系动词后作表语,就要用形容词形式。如果是修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语、名词短语或句子,就要用副词形式。 63.where　考查定语从句。先行词是一个表示地点的名词spot,并且引导词在从句中充当地点状语,故用关系副词where。 64.interest　考查名词。“be+of+抽象名词”为固定搭配。 65.than　考查连词。前面的more是提示,构成比较结构。 66.to find　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语作目的状语。 67.means　考查动词的时态。根据上文的时态可知此处应用一般现在时,这里用it作主语,故用mean的第三人称单数形式。 68.is constructed　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,moon与动词construct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。 69.much　考查形容词。设空处后面的ice是不可数名词,故用much修饰。 70.its　考查代词。由后面的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词。 Passage 30 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人过新年使用的一些装饰品以及各自的含义和寓意。 61.celebration　考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词a可知,此处应用名词形式。 62.carries　考查动词时态。该句含有why引导的表语从句,从句的主语是decorating,所以此处谓语应用第三人称单数形式。 63.coming　考查非谓语动词。come back to life与“the earth”存在主动关系,设空处应用动词-ing形式作定语。 64.than　考查固定搭配。根据前面的more以及后面的a symbol of good fortune and wealth可知,此处用than。more than在此处意为“不仅仅是”。 65.decorated　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,them与decorate之间是动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式。 66.Certainly　考查副词。设空处位于句首,修饰整个句子,应该用副词形式。 67.with　考查介词。be associated with是固定搭配,意为“与……有关”。 68.to care　考查非谓语动词。此处为“be+adj.+to do”结构,其中不定式作状语。 69.beautiful　考查形容词。由后面的long branches可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词。 70.the　考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的序数词first,所以用定冠词,特指“第一个”。 Passage 31 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。 61.whose　考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词artist,且定语从句中缺少定语,故用whose引导。 62.finest　考查最高级。结合空前出现的all great artists可知,这里表示“呈现出他们最好的作品”,故用形容词的最高级。 看范围,定等级 对比较等级的考查是语法填空的重点,也是考生失分较多的地方。对于像“比较级+than...”和“as...as...”这种结构完整的句子来说,考生很容易作答,但是高考试题中的此类考题,很多情况下都是在省略了一些句子成分的情况下考查,其比较的含义是在上下文中体现出来的。因此,考生需要根据语境判断题干中是否暗含比较含义,并且仔细判断是在两者之间还是在两者以上比较,从而确定是使用比较级还是最高级。 63.be chosen　考查被动语态。would后需跟动词原形,主语he与谓语动词choose之间是被动关系,故用be chosen。 64.curiosity　考查名词。with为介词,后面需要跟名词作宾语,filled with curiosity表示“充满好奇”之意。 65.When/As　考查状语从句。当他问漓江岸上的村民在哪里能找到这位传奇的艺术家时,他们微笑着指着河的下游。此处表示“当……的时候”,故用When/As。 66.pointed　考查时态。根据空前的动词smiled可知,此处也应用一般过去时,表示当时的动作。 67.to find　考查动词不定式。第二天早晨,他租了一条船,出发去寻找那位著名的画家。这里用to find表示目的。 68.gently　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,这里需要用副词gently来修饰动词moved。 69.surrounding　考查动词-ing形式。当他看到雾从漓江上升起,而山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。see sb./sth.doing sth.表示“看到某人/某物正在做某事”。 70.on　考查介词。on earth为固定搭配,意为“在世界上”。 Passage 32 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。上一年级的第一天,妈妈告诉我“做你自己”。从那时起,妈妈的这条建议就一直伴随着我。 1.voiced　考查动词时态。提示词voice是动词,句中缺少谓语动词;由上一句中的stood可知,此处应用一般过去时。 2.facing　考查非谓语动词。由于句子的主语I与face之间存在主动关系,所以应用facing。 3.myself　考查反身代词。由于句子的主语I与to的宾语是指同一个人,所以此处应用I的反身代词myself。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“地球日”设立的目的、起源以及人们在“地球日”的活动。 4.marked　考查非谓语动词。Earth Day后已经有了谓语动词is,故此处应用mark的非谓语动词形式;又因为Earth Day与mark之间存在被动关系,故填marked。 5.in　考查介词。表示“在某一年”要用介词in。 6.activities　考查名词。提示词activity是名词,various后要接复数名词,所以填activities。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。对于大多数学生来说,所上大学的名字其实不重要,重要的是他们在大学里所做的事情。 7.suggests/suggested/has suggested　考查动词时态。提示词suggest是动词,而that前面的主句部分缺少谓语;根据空后的it doesn􀆳t可知,此处应用与现在相关的时态,也可用一般过去时。 8.where　考查引导词。than后的从句中缺少状语,再根据第一句“Does the name of the college you attend really matter?”可知,此处用where表示“他们所上的大学”。 9.who/that　考查定语从句引导词。此处those用来指人,其定语从句引导词常用who/that。 10.meaningful　考查形容词。and连接并列的成分,由其前的healthy可知,此处应填meaning的形容词形式。 Passage 33 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。对于学生应不应该穿校服上学,一直以来都是个有争议的问题。研究表明,穿校服上学有一定的益处,在学校中仍占主流。 56.has/will have　考查时态。由于本文讲述校服的情况,所以可以用一般现在时,由于句子主语是nobody,故用第三人称单数has。此外when引导的从句用一般现在时态时,其主句常用一般将来时,故该空也可用will have。 57.the　考查冠词。same通常与the连用,意为“同样的,相同的”。 58.that/which　考查定语从句引导词。由于先行词为a piece of cloth,从句缺少主语,所以填that/which。 59.cycling　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or为并列连词可知,其前后的形式应保持一致,根据or前的walking可知,此处填cycling。 60.easily　考查副词。修饰动词see应用easy的副词形式easily。 61.to　考查介词。表示“……的答案”时,answer后的介词必须用to。 62.improved　考查时态和语态。根据空前的found可知,此处应用一般过去时,另外,improve用主动语态表示“某事有了提高”,故用improved。 63.to wear　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。 64.connection/connections　考查名词。根据空前的no和空后的between uniforms and school performance可知,此处应用connect的名词形式。因为no后可接名词的单数形式,也可以接名词的复数形式,故答案为connection/connections。 65.traditional　考查形容词。根据空前的系动词are,可知此处用tradition的形容词形式。 Passage 34 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广,监测费用高等因素,北极熊的数量难以准确估算,生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。 61.that　考查连接词。该空前后均为句子,且空格后面的句子是对空格前面的名词evidence的内容的解释说明,由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词,表示陈述语气,故填that。 析成分,定连接词 语法填空对名词性从句的考查主要集中在连接词上面。由于名词性从句的连接词除了连接主从句外,还在句中做一定的成分。因此,作答时首先要判断名词性从句的种类,然后判断从句缺少什么成分。如果缺少主语、宾语或表语,要用what(指人时用who),缺少状语,则用when,where,why,how等。 62.poorly　考查副词。该空前后部分均为谓语成分has been studied,用副词修饰谓语部分,故填poorly。 63.of/for　考查介词。该空前面为名词methods,后面为动词-ing形式tracking,故应填介词。用of表示所属关系,也可填介词for。 64.to perform　考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词are,故应填动词的非谓语形式。根据“be+adj.+to do”结构可知,应填to perform。 65.have reported　考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语为in recent years,是现在完成时的标志。根据语境,主语Inuit people与report之间为主动关系,且people为复数形式,故填have reported。 66.belief　考查名词。该空前面有冠词a,应填名词,故填belief。 67.noting　考查非谓语动词。该空前面为介词by,应填动词-ing形式,且scientists与note之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填noting。 68.higher　考查形容词的比较级。该空后面有than,应填形容词的比较级形式,故填higher。 69.the　考查冠词。该空后面为名词短语,根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围,故填the。 70.are　考查主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词时态和语态一致原则,此处采用一般现在时和主动语态。故填are。 Passage 35 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女士仍然坚持工作,被评为“年度女性”的事迹。 61.being　考查非谓语动词。for是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。 62.which　考查定语从句。先行词是the pet shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,所以填which。 63.finally　考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词在句中作状语,所以用副词形式。 64.declared　考查时态。根据下文的“she had no plans”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。 65.to retire　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,plans后缺少定语,所以用动词不定式。 66.have made　考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,句子应用现在完成时。 67.but　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此处是“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”。 68.saying　考查非谓语动词。call和say有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式来解释call的内容。 69.a　考查冠词。joke是单数可数名词,此处是泛指,所以填a。 70.wonderful　考查形容词。所填的词在句中作表语,所以用形容词形式。 Passage 36 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“我们”在Pearl City逗留期间的所见所闻。 61.so　考查副词。so...that...为固定搭配,意为“如此……以至于……”。 62.to get　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“It takes sb.time to do sth.”句式,It是形式主语,动词不定式短语是真正的主语。 63.of　考查介词。a pack of为固定短语,意为“一群”。 64.who　考查定语从句。先行词masters指人,并且引导词在从句中作主语。因此用关系代词who。 65.recommended　考查动词的时态。此句为and连接的并列句,前后时态一致,故用一般过去时态。 66.competition　考查名词。所填的词由冠词an修饰,故用compete的名词形式。 67.traditional　考查形容词。空格后为名词stories,应用形容词来修饰。 68.hugely　考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词popular,故用副词形式。 69.were invited　考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语为On the last day of our week-long stay,又因为主语we与所给动词invite之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动形式。 70.listening　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,此处作伴随状语;另外,所填的词与下文的meeting为并列关系,故用动词-ing形式。 Passage 37 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了咖啡因来源以及它对人体的影响。 56.have used/ have been using　考查时态。根据时间状语since childhood可知,此处用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 57.was　考查时态。根据“in your first coke” 以及下文的“enjoyed”可知,此处用一般过去时。 58.Recently　考查副词。所填的词修饰整个句子,所以用副词形式。 59.or　考查连词。a cup or two of coffee意为“一两杯咖啡”。 60.in　考查介词。根据后面的“afternoon or evening”可知,此处应填介词in。 61.them　考查代词。所填的词作动词cause的宾语,所以用代词的宾格。 62.called　考查非谓语动词。problem和call是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式作后置定语。 63.that　考查名词性从句。It is possible that...意为“可能……”,it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。 64.women　考查名词的复数。根据下文的代词“they”可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。 65.to have　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do为固定结构,意为“很可能……”。 Passage 38 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。现在几乎很少有人有欲望或有时间做饭,作者建议:在家里自己做饭,这样不仅可以节省开支,而且还吃得健康。 56.dishes　考查名词。根据空前的“Making Chinese”可知,其后应该接名词的复数形式,故dish需要用其复数形式dishes。 57.who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词“Many westerners”,指代人,故填who或that。 58.it　考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处it作形式主语,而真正的主语是to eat out。 59.visiting　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处意为“我仍然记得曾经拜访过一个朋友……”。remember doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“记得已经做过某事”,故填visiting。 60.was shocked　考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知,“我”的朋友在这居住了五年,竟然一次饭也没自己做过,“我”被震惊到了,因此,空处用被动语态,又因为此处叙述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态。 61.have become　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且位于“seems to”的后面,故填have become。 62.affordable　考查形容词。该句中be是连系动词,后面要接形容词作表语。afford的形容词形式是affordable。 63.higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据前面的even可知,所填的词要用比较级。high的比较级是higher。 64.weight　考查名词。空前的in为介词,后面应该用名词形式,此处名词短语weight problems意为“体重问题”。 65.for　考查介词。for dinner为固定搭配,句意为“下次去妈妈家吃饭的时候,记得向她学习一些烹饪技巧”。 Passage 39 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。根据一份对医学期刊上证据的回顾,跑步者比不跑步者可多活三年。你可以通过跑步来降低早亡的风险。 61.longer　考查比较等级。根据后面的than可知,所填的词要用比较级。 62.to see　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词作目的状语,所以用动词不定式。 63.dying　考查非谓语动词。of是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。 64.is　考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是it,时态是一般现在时,所以填is。 65.than　考查连词。根据前面的more effective可知,句子是比较结构,所以填than。 66.that/which　考查定语从句。先行词是a study,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以填that/which。 67.causes　考查名词复数。cause是可数名词,根据前面的修饰语all可知,该名词要用复数形式。 68.strengthen　考查非谓语动词。空格前的to是动词不定式的符号,所以此处用动词原形。 69.energetic　考查形容词。根据前面的is可知,所填的词要用形容词形式。 70.it/running　考查代词。根据句意可知,所填的词代替上文提到的running,所以用it。也可以直接填running。 Passage 40 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的农作物——玉米的产量逐年增加的原因。种植玉米,不仅可以喂养牲畜,而且因为其生长过程浇水施肥较少,还可以减少对环境的污染,进而保护环境。 61.has grown　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且该句的主语是“the country”,故谓语动词用单数形式。 62.the　考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处特指“过去的25年”,故应用定冠词the表示特指。 63.actually　考查副词。根据后文的介词短语“behind the change”可知,此处应用actual的副词形式,故填actually。 64.to improve　考查非谓语动词。句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。此处是不定式作目的状语,故填to improve。 65.than　考查连词。根据前面的less可知,此处是形容词的比较级,故缺少连接词than。 66.pollution　考查名词。根据空前的“decreased”可知,空处应该是名词作宾语,意思是“减少污染”,故填pollution。 67.global　考查形容词。此处fertilizer consumption是名词词组,其前面需要用形容词修饰,故填globe的形容词形式。 68.started　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“between 2005”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。 69.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a soil-testing program,故填that或which。 70.feeding　考查特殊句式。while doing sth.“当做某事的时候”,它是while sb. is/was doing sth.的省略形式,故此处应填feeding。 Passage 41 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己作为研究灵长类动物的科学家,在中非密林中偶遇大猩猩的一次经历。 61.who　考查名词性从句。I􀆳m not sure后面接宾语从句,所以用who指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。 62.the　考查冠词。at the top of为固定短语,意思是“在……顶端”。 63.loudest　考查副词最高级。the和of all都提示要用最高级。 64.looking　考查非谓语动词。avoid后面要接动词-ing形式作宾语,所以用looking。 65.challenged　考查形容词。feel为系动词,后面要接形容词作表语,challenged “受到挑战的”。 66.scientist　考查名词。前面有冠词a,所以此处需要用名词,且为单数形式。 67.for　考查介词。search for“搜索,寻找”。 68.them　考查人称代词。动词find后面加宾语,所以需要用they的宾格形式。 析成分,定代词 语法填空中对代词的考查,通常是在有提示词的情况下,要求考生写出适当的代词形式。因此,作答时,首先要判断空格处在句中是作主语、宾语、还是定语,然后考虑空格处指代人还是指代物,是男还是女,是单数还是复数,最后确定所填的代词。 69.meant　考查动词时态。前后句提示这里需要用过去时态,mean的过去式为meant。 70.to stay　考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。 Passage 42 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。和生活中许多事情一样,积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程,其中最有效的方式之一是阅读好的书籍。 56.an　考查冠词。由语境可知“和生活中许多事情一样,积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程”,因此用不定冠词an表示泛指。 57.which　考查定语从句。which在句中为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,并在句中作主语。 58.months　考查名词复数。month为可数名词,由a few可知month应用复数形式。 59.for　考查介词。be enough for sth.“对……已足够”。 60.effective　考查形容词。此处要表达的是“有效的方法之一”,因此填effective。 61.really　考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词read,所以用副词形式,因此填really。 62.sounds　考查主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实,且主语为it,因此sound加-s。 63.reading　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。 64.their　考查代词。use在此处是名词,故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。 65.learned/learnt　考查非谓语动词。words与learn是被动的关系,因此用动词的-ed形式作后置定语来修饰。 Passage 43 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了一位女士的戒指失而复得的故事。她丢了结婚戒指,多番寻找未果。多年之后,戒指却奇迹般地出现在花园里。 56.carrots　考查名词的数。根据前文的a handful of和后文的代词them可知,这里用名词的复数形式。 57.shiny/shining　考查形容词。修饰名词object应用形容词。 58.so　考查固定句型。根据loudly后面的that可知,这里应该用so...that结构。 59.myself　考查代词。分析句子结构可知,主语是I,主语和宾语是同一个人,故用反身代词myself,表示“伤着自己”。 60.earlier　考查形容词。这里是指比找到戒指发生的时间更早的十六年前,即丢失戒指时的情景。因此用early的比较级。若无提示词,此空还可填before。 61.to cook　考查非谓语动词。这里用不定式作目的状语,意思是摘掉戒指来做饭。 62.searched　考查动词时态。根据后面的turned up可知,这里用一般过去时态searched与之并列。 63.swept　考查动词。这里是“get+过去分词”表示被动的结构,相当于“be+过去分词”。the ring和sweep之间为被动关系,故用动词-ed形式。 64.where　考查定语从句。先行词是the garden,where在从句中作地点状语。 65.a　考查冠词。a wonder “一个奇迹”。 Passage 44 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了低脂低盐的饮食方式的利弊以及这种饮食方式对人体的影响。 61.as　考查介词。as“作为”,是介词。此处意为“作为一种与心脏病做斗争的方法”。 62.effects　考查名词的复数。effect“作用”,是可数名词。根据前面的some可知要用effects。side effects“副作用”。 63.to process　考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”,所以填to process。 64.are removed　考查被动语态。remove是及物动词,与fat and salt为动宾关系,所以用被动语态。 提示词是动词时,一般考查时态和语态、主谓一致和非谓语动词三种形式。有时也有动词转换为名词类的考题。作答时要遵循以下步骤:①确定是否是谓语动词。若是非谓语动词要确定是用动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式,还是动词不定式。②确定主被动关系。③确定句子的时态。④注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。 65.a　考查固定搭配。as a result“结果”,是固定搭配。 66.worse　考查比较级。根据前面的Even可知,所填的词要用比较级。bad的比较级是worse。 67.is　考查主谓一致。Fast food是第三人称单数形式,句子是一般现在时,所以填is。 68.eating　考查非谓语动词。by是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。 69.careful　考查形容词。be是连系动词,后面要接形容词作表语。care的形容词形式是careful。 70.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,所以填which。 Passage 45 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了伦敦地铁的建设、发展以及使用情况。 61.crowds　考查名词。根据前面的terrible可知,这里用名词crowd的复数形式,表示“人群”。 62.from　考查介词。根据前面的to可知,这里填from。to and from work“上下班”。 63.laying　考查非谓语动词。根据前面的digging和后面的building可知,这里用laying与之保持一致,作谓语动词included的宾语。 64.the　考查冠词。这里特指地铁的顶部,意思是在地铁的顶部建了一个坚固的顶棚。 65.were used　考查时态和语态。use和Steam engines之间为动宾关系,文章叙述的是1863年的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。 66.fairly　考查副词。unpleasant是形容词,这里用副词fairly修饰,意思是“相当不舒服”。 67.it　考查代词。it在这里指代前面提到的名词the railway。 68.managed　考查动词时态。根据上文及后面的became可知,这里用过去时。 69.introduction　考查名词。根据前面的the以及后面的of可知,这里要填名词,introduce的名词形式是introduction。 70.successful　考查形容词。根据前面的the most可知,这里是形容词的最高级,success是名词,其形容词是successful。 Passage 46 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。16岁的女中学生Sarah Thomas在被告知能够做超模,年薪百万美金的情况下仍然挑战自我,坚持以学业为重,兼职做模特。她拥有自己的梦想,对未来有更好的人生规划。 61.resting　考查非谓语动词。spend...(in) doing sth.“花费……做某事”,为固定搭配。 62.a　考查冠词。as a model“作为一名模特”。 63.has been told/was told　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知用现在完成时或者过去时的被动形式,填has been told或者was told 均可。 64.who　考查定语从句。此处先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语且指人,故用who引导。 考查定语从句的引导词时,首先要观察先行词是指人还是指物,是指时间、地点还是原因的名词,然后根据关系词在句中所做的句子成分来判断。在限制性定语从句中,先行词是指人的名词,关系词作主语时,可用who或that;作宾语时,可用who,that或whom。在非限制性定语从句中,作主语用who;作宾语用whom。 65.to prove　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.“想要做某事”,为固定短语,故用to prove。 66.education　考查名词。根据此处句意及空前的with her可知,educate需要用名词形式。 67.invitations　考查名词。她拒绝了好几个邀请,所以 invitation要用复数形式。 68.in　考查介词。get a degree in...为固定搭配,意为“取得……学位”,故用介词in。 69.comes　考查动词。根据前句的时态判断,此句需用一般现在时,要注意主谓一致,故用comes。 70.certainly　考查副词。此处用副词certainly修饰形容词fun。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$