专题2 阅读理解·七选五-【十年高考】备战2026年高考英语真题分类解析与应试策略（Word版）

专题二　阅读理解·七选五 　　本题型是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的七个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。该题型“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”,体现了《新课标》的阅读学习和教学理念。从选项设置上看,该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(段落整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。 2016~2025高考阅读理解·七选五考情一览表 年份 主旨句 过渡句 细节句 不完整句子 2016~2020 36 27 46 8 2021 8 7 15 3 2022 5 10 16 3 2023 6 6 13 1 2024 4 8 8 0 2025 2 3 9 0 合计 61 61 107 15 命题热度 本专题命题热度非常高() 课程标准 备考策略 1.通过观察、比较、分类和总结等手段,概括具体语言形式的结构、意义和使用规律。 2.根据不同语篇中的衔接方式,理解语篇的逻辑,以及段落间的衔接。 3.通过观察、比较、分类和总结等手段,概括语篇的文体、语言和结构的特点,概括作者如何根据不同的交际目的选择不同的语篇类型。 4.能识别语篇中新旧信息的布局及承接关系;能理解语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系,如:次序关系、因果关系、概括与例证关系;能识别语篇中的时间顺序、空间顺序、过程顺序等。 1.熟悉文章结构。七选五文章多为说明文或议论文,结构严谨。备考时,要熟悉这类文章的常见结构,如总—分—总、问题—分析—解决等。了解结构有助于快速定位空缺处的位置,判断其在段落中的作用。 2.关注逻辑关系。七选五考查对文章逻辑的理解。注意段落之间的过渡句,以及空缺处前后的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有因果、转折、递进、并列等。 3.多做真题与模拟题。大量练习高考真题和高质量的模拟题,积累解题经验。做完题后,认真分析错题原因,总结规律。同时,学会从错误选项中寻找干扰点,提高辨别能力。通过反复练习,熟悉题型特点和命题规律,提升解题速度和准确率。 答案P324　　　 　　Passage 1 (2025·全国新高考1,12.5分,难度★★★) An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning?The College Cafe has just that,and more.　36　  Catherine Murphy,a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.　37　 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,“Hello,how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn􀆳t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.  Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.　38　 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.  One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright,a senior political science major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.　39　 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.  “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said.　40　 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.  A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles. F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can􀆳t imagine working anywhere else. 　　Passage 2 (2025·全国新高考2,12.5分,难度★★★) Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together?Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults?　36　 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others,but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.  ●You􀆳ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet,research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.　37　   ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 　38　 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.  ● 　39　   Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren􀆳t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen􀆳s well-being in the years to come. ●You􀆳ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.　40　 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And,there are tasks for every age and ability,so all your children can feel proud of their work.  A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E.For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn􀆳t know about before. G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 　　Passage 3 (2025·北京,10分,难度★★★★) What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed,because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out,today􀆳s parents􀆳 fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and,thus,confident in themselves.Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book,The Life Cycle,mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery.　35　  But Turner􀆳s other cycles are just as important.　36　 If these life cycles are delayed,interrupted,or denied,you feel incapable of accessing your states of self,controlling unpleasant feelings,and manipulating(操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world.  Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions,manage them,communicate clearly and well with others,and master various skills.This requires an internal locus(核心) of control,which implies self-control of your thoughts,feelings,and actions.　37　 You􀆳re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are.And you know who you are within all this.  So,being an adult isn􀆳t just holding a job.Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions.　38　 We are a social species,so this is important.  While raising an adult is a parent􀆳s job,it􀆳s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture(培养) emotional and identity development.　39　  A.It􀆳s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B.They talk about someone􀆳s inability to support themselves through work. C.It􀆳s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D.In other words,you􀆳re playing the game of life—life isn􀆳t playing you. E.They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F.You feel like an 18-year-old,especially when playing 80s music. G.When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 　　Passage 4 (2024·全国新高考1,12.5分,难度★★★) Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published,it􀆳s vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript(原稿).　36　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.  I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don􀆳t trust my laptop􀆳s spellchecker.　37　 Of course,these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I􀆳m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.  　38　 It should give you a precise definition of each word,thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.  In addition,I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary,picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course,with its 2,672 pages,it􀆳s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.　39　 However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there􀆳s nothing better.  For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson􀆳s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work,” wrote Johnson,illustrating one definition of “dull”.　40　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.  A.I don􀆳t often use this dictionary. B.It takes no account of the context. C.But I still don􀆳t want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G.Dictionaries don􀆳t always give you enough information. 　　Passage 5 (2024·全国新高考2,12.5分,难度★★★) Overtourism Is for Real:How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding,expands our minds,makes us better people,and boosts local economies and communities,but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.　36　 Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today􀆳s world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.  ●Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason:they􀆳re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places,it􀆳s easy to feel like you􀆳re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape,culture or food deeply draws you.　37　  ●Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it􀆳s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.　38　 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination􀆳s lesser-known sights?  ●　39　 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You􀆳ll compete with fewer tourists,save money,experience a different side of a popular place,and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.  Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸).Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.　40　 You may be amazed how much closer you􀆳ll feel to the people there.  A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So,should we stop traveling? C.Travel for you and no one else. D.Can overtourism be avoided then? E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F.You􀆳ll find yourself virtually alone,or close to it. G.Consider giving back to the communities you􀆳re visiting. 　　Passage 6 (2024·北京,10分,难度★★★) If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性),is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin,the hedgehog knows one thing very well,and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.　35　 And they are usually very credible in doing so.According to Jim Hart,the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness.They focus on one thing and do it really well.They figure out what they are good at.　36　 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.  　37　 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen.He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes,but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.  The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources,and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information.　38　 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking.They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don􀆳t know.  So,which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.　39　 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off.The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.  A.In other words,there are clear advantages for each. B.They are more likely to remember people􀆳s mistakes. C.Hence,they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D.But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E.However,hedgehogs remain open to others􀆳 reactions and inputs. F.When something is contradictory to their view,they don􀆳t treat it as exceptional. G.They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 　　Passage 7 (2024·全国甲,10分,难度★★★) What is moderation(适度)?Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal,but not too full.　36　 But it doesn􀆳t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.  Take your time.It􀆳s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.　37　 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food,so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.  Eat with others whenever possible.Eating alone,especially in front of the TV or computer,often leads to mindless overeating.And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.It􀆳s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies.　38　  Control emotional(情绪的) eating.　39　Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness,loneliness,or boredom.But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions,you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.  　40　 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢),while eating small,healthy meals keeps your energy up all day.Avoid eating late at night.Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.Studies suggest that eating only when you􀆳re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.  A.Eat properly throughout the day. B.We don􀆳t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C.Don􀆳t swallow a meal on the way to work. D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices. F.For many of us,moderation means eating less than we do now. G.That won􀆳t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 　　Passage 8 (2023·全国新高考1,12.5分,难度★★★) Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don􀆳t beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错) is human.　36　 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.  In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading “Personal strengths.” 　37　 Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?They don􀆳t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you􀆳re proud of.  At the top of a second page,put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one,list all the positive things you􀆳ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.　38　  You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.　39　 That way,you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don􀆳t wait until you􀆳ve made a mistake to try this—it􀆳s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.  It􀆳s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it􀆳s true.　40　 We􀆳re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.  A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D.It􀆳s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E.It doesn􀆳t mean you have to ignore what􀆳s happened or forget it. F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down. G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn􀆳t a fixed aspect of your personality. 　　Passage 9 (2023·全国新高考2,12.5分,难度★★) As an artist who shares her journey on social media,I􀆳m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately,there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember,though,what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I􀆳ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. •Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.　36　 You􀆳ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you􀆳ve come.  •Paint often and paint from life.There􀆳s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes,paint from life as much as possible.　37　  •Continually challenge yourself to try something new.　38　 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club;we􀆳ve all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.  •　39　 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and,in turn,have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected,no matter my level of artistic ability.  The journey you􀆳re on won􀆳t follow a straight path.　40　 Push through,give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.  A.Get out of your comfort zone. B.Make career plans and set goals. C.Don􀆳t throw away your beginner art. D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E.You􀆳ll hit roadblocks,and you􀆳ll feel discouraged at times. F.Evaluate your performance and,if needed,redefine your role. G.You􀆳ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 　　Passage 10 (2023·北京,10分,难度★★★) It􀆳s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.　35　  When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they􀆳re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.　36　  Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.　37　The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.  Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don􀆳t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment(注册) or funding. 　38　Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.  　39　Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.  What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A.Higher education has achieved its true potential. B.Therefore, it􀆳s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C.Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D.However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E.Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F.They􀆳re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G.In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 　　Passage 11 (2023·全国甲,10分,难度★★★) Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here􀆳s a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?There􀆳s one answer.　36　.  In the Digital Age,we􀆳re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we􀆳d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks. •Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research shows it makes us happier,less stressed and even more optimistic.　37　.“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li,researcher at the University of California.  •Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time,but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.　38　.Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You􀆳ll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.  •　39　  So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself,“　40　.”You􀆳ll then gradually become more patient.  A.Find your causes B.Start with small tasks C.Accept the uncomfortable D.All this adds up to a state of hurry E.It can also help us practice more patience F.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable G.They􀆳re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 　　Passage 12 (2023·全国乙,10分,难度★★★) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.　36　,but studies have shown that they can promote people􀆳s wellbeing by improving their mood(心情),reducing stress and helping their memory.What􀆳s more,indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.  What are indoor plants? Indoor plants,also known as houseplants or pot plants,are plants that like to grow indoors.Many of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.　37　.  Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra,who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens,says,“　38　.I find during the winter months,plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity,focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.　39　.  Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera,peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets,garden centres or online.Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones,and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.“　40　.” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people􀆳s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”  A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits of growing plants indoors D.Instead they grow better inside where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil􀆳s ivy are among the best F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 　　Passage 13 (2022·全国新高考1,12.5分,难度★★★) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was:“You􀆳ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “　36　” With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.  So,how do you find a workout partner? First of all,decide what you want from that person.　37　 Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility?Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.  You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably won􀆳t result in a useful response.　38　 If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.  My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session,and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities,and provided her phone number.　39　  You and your partner will probably have different skills.　40　 Over time,both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.  A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C.You􀆳ll work harder if you train with someone else. D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 　　Passage 14 (2022·全国新高考2,12.5分,难度★★) Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However,the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 　36　 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free.　37　 Don􀆳t worry about grammar or spelling.Even though this technique won􀆳t work for everyone,it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.  The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.　38　 Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱)paper.Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration,not as a complete highway.  The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision.　39　 As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore,you can enter your changes into your word processor.　40　 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.  A.Make sure your handwriting is neat. B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C.The second draft of the essay should be better. D.First of all,learn the technique of nonstop writing. E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F.Many beginning writers don􀆳t leave enough space to revise. G.Then you can print out a fresh draft,again setting your text on triple-space. 　　Passage 15 (2022·北京,10分,难度★★★★) Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures,we tend to ignore our health.　35　 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.  　　　36　 We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly,if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.Health is the state of our body at a given time.We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,which is ready to be targeted by viruses.　37　 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.  　　It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.　38　 For instance,we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.  　　Additionally,it is important to relax our body.We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day.It helps in improving our immune(免疫) system and protects us against diseases.　39　 This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.  A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C.It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D.For instance,we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E.If we keep our body fit,we can enjoy life in a better manner. F.There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G.This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases. 　　Passage 16 (2022·浙江,10分,难度★★★) I have a drawer full of letters to Santa.Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists.They were polite requests for the latest game or toy.As the children got older,they would give Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents.　31　  Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose.Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain,inform,or persuade.　32　 And when writing doesn􀆳t seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response,then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.  Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing.When children write for real audiences and real purposes,they can learn to choose their words accordingly.　33　 You write “Dear Santa” because you don􀆳t know him personally and you want to show him respect.  　34　 Texting,online messaging,live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages.However,because they are usually writing to family and friends,they use informal language most of the time.  There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing.It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.　35　 This type of writing won􀆳t be rewarded by the school examiner,nor by a future employer or a potential client.The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.  A.It isn􀆳t that these young people can􀆳t write. B.But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be. C.The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed. D.As a result,each year they received something they wanted. E.You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. F.As technology develops,young people are writing more than they ever have. G.But if this is the only kind of writing young people do,it will cause problems. 　　Passage 17 (2022·全国甲,10分,难度★★★) Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules.　36　.Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.  Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.　37　.  Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East,it􀆳s considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.　38　,instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile,you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.  Making Requests 　39　.In Portugal,this would be a serious mistake,because it shows the chef that you don􀆳t like their seasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.  Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange,but they are important in various countries.　40　,the more comfortable you􀆳ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.  A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B.The more time you spend in any given country C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D.Don􀆳t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E.It􀆳s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 　　Passage 18 (2022·全国乙,10分,难度★★★) Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another.With busy schedules,squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.　36　.  ·More isn􀆳t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.　37　.There are alternatives to constant written communication,such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.  ·Practise empathy(共情) 　38　.The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.  ·　39　  Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible,extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends􀆳 birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don􀆳t rely on technology alone 　40　,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it?Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.  A.Remember important dates B.Compensate by writing letters C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 　　Passage 19 (讲解 2021·全国新高考1,12.5分,难度★★) My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.　36　So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.  The place wasn􀆳t entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing(水管) worked.　37　Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,“Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it􀆳s a shame I don􀆳t have much use for it.  Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight.　38　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.  　39　On our first morning in Paris,I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost $18!  In France,quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率).You can tell this by café life.French cafés are always crowded.　40　When do these people work?The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.  A.Not all the customers are tourists. B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E.That􀆳s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians. G.The food is so delicious that you don􀆳t need much of it to make you happy. 　　Passage 20 (2021·全国新高考2,12.5分,难度★★) If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine,the speed at which you read—probably does not matter very much.But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.　36　  ·Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable.You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes.　37　  ·　38　 Look at the table of contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.  ·If you decide that you need to read the whole book,decide how much you can read at a time.　39　 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.In the former case you may be able to read a chapter.In the latter you may only be able to read one page.  　　·Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.　40　Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research.You don􀆳t have to write these things in detail.It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.  A.Stop to have a rest now and then. B.Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C.This depends on the type of book you are reading. D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F.You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. G.Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. 　　Passage 21 (2021·北京,10分,难度★★★) Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.　35　 The mental health benefits from music can􀆳t be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.  　36　 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.This,of course,can lead to less pain.  Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.　37　 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,through the lowering of stress and anxiety.  When it comes to heart health,there is speculation(推测) that it􀆳s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.　38　 On the other hand,when the music slowed,the participants􀆳 stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.  　39　 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for,which is what makes music so valuable.  A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G.Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the faster their heart rates were. 　　Passage 22 (2021·浙江,10分,难度★★★) You􀆳ve got mail...and it􀆳s a postcard Paulo Magalhaes,a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer,loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome􀆳s Colosseum.Or Africa􀆳s Victoria Falls.Or China􀆳s Great Wall.　31　  “I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily,“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it.　32　” Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online.Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo􀆳s hunch (直觉) paid off.  Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.　33　 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.  Language is certainly a barrier for many people.For postcrossing to work worldwide,a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn􀆳t work if one doesn􀆳t understand it.　34　 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that􀆳s English since it􀆳s widely spoken.  “Many people in China have limited exposure to English.　35　 That said,we know of many postcrossing members,including Chinese,who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.  A.And that􀆳s totally fine. B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it. C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby. D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E.On August 5,the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F.Similarly,if you speak only Chinese,receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G.In short,he loves postcards,and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. 　　Passage 23 (2021·全国甲,10分,难度★★★) Swap.Don􀆳t Shop! You keep hearing about recycling,right? But it doesn􀆳t end with bottles,cans,and paper.Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源) to make,and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you􀆳re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 　36　.It􀆳s the best way to get rid of your used clothes,score clothes from your friends,and have a party all at the same time.  A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes,the organization of the event,and,obviously,how much fun is had.It􀆳s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ·Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.　37　,and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that,and it becomes uncontrollable.  ·　38　.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.  ·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.　39　.Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.  ·Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song,or whatever.　40　.And don􀆳t forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember,it􀆳s a party!  A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 　　Passage 24 (讲解 2021·全国乙,10分,难度★★★) According to Jessica Hagy,author of How to Be Interesting,it􀆳s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. 　36　,if you􀆳re out of your comfort zone or if you􀆳re wandering into somebody􀆳s house for the first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers.  People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”,you􀆳ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you􀆳re talking to.　37　,it can bring in “I have this old,broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.  　38　? If you can􀆳t take their wine away,you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台).If you􀆳re the host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.　39　.  And what about that other dinner-party killer:awkward silence? If you􀆳re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party,the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬).　40　.Just quickly turn around and say,“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”  So being interesting at a dinner party isn􀆳t that hard. A.How do you know the host B.The first step is to go exploring C.If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won􀆳t stop talking G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most Passage 25 (2020·北京,10分,难度★★★★) Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one􀆳s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems,trying to look optimistic.In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person,who is often unaware and uncertain of some events,phenomena,people,or even the person himself.　46　 Meanwhile,positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively.They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors.They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.  　47　 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans,lower rates of depression and anxiety,better physical and psychological health,reduced risks of death from heart problems.Positive thinking also contributes to one􀆳s ability to deal with problems and hardships.　48　 For example,researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions,such as a natural disaster,positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge,a chance for improvement of any kind,or as an opportunity for personal growth.Pessimists,on the contrary,tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.　49　  In conclusion,positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one􀆳s life.It doesn􀆳t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.　50　  Thinking in a positive,self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one􀆳s physical and mental health. A.It doesn􀆳t cause any severe emotional discomfort,either. B.Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C.It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D.Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E.As thinking changes,an individual􀆳s behaviour and habits change as well. F.They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G.They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem,even if small. Passage 26 (2020·山东,12.5分,难度★★) Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.　16　 Do you want to be a good public speaker?Here are some principles you must master.  People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”　17　 Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection.  Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People􀆳s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker􀆳s message.So,don􀆳t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it􀆳s a truly serious one.　18　  Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.　19　 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.  　20　 It􀆳s rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.”On the other hand,you probably can􀆳t count the times that you􀆳ve thought,“I􀆳m glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It􀆳s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.  A.Do the opposite. B.You want to be an effective public speaker. C.You don􀆳t need to apologize for a minor slip. D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more. E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 　　Passage 27 (2020·浙江,10分,难度★★★) I experienced years of loneliness as a child.　31　 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself.  A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.　32　 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical children􀆳s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened new worlds to me.　33　  My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were.　34　 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点) others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.  　35　 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of course,raced off to be with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.They􀆳re all memories I treasure today.  A.I wasn􀆳t alone any longer. B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud. C.I was invited to play with another kid. D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books. E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors. F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things. G.My older brother couldn􀆳t be bothered to play with me. Passage 28 (2020·海南,12.5分,难度★★) Talking with your doctor Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don􀆳t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 　36　  ●Stay positive. Go to your doctor􀆳s visits with a good attitude. 　37　 Think teamwork! Think positive!  ●Keep track of how you are feeling. 　38　 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)and how medicines make you feel.It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about.Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you􀆳ve felt that way.  ● 　39　  Your medical history is a list of your illnesses,treatments,what the doctors told you to do,and anything else you think your doctor should know.Also,if you are allergic(过敏)to any medicines,be sure to mention that to your doctor. ●Ask questions. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor􀆳s office,write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.　40　 Remember—there􀆳s no such thing as a stupid question.If you don􀆳t understand the answer to a question,ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.  A.This will make getting answers easier. B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don􀆳t work. D.Before your doctor􀆳s visit,keep notes on how you are feeling. E.Remember,your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. F.Bring your medical history,including a list of your current medicines. G.Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information. 　　Passage 29 (讲解 2020·全国1,10分,难度★★★) A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it...to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.　36　 Here􀆳s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.  ●　37　 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.  ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.　38　 You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心) response?“That didn􀆳t go as planned.But,I tried my best.”  ●Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today.　39　  ●Now that you􀆳ve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy,why you don􀆳t feel good enough.Now,read these words back to yourself.　40　 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.See how awesome you are?  A.Feeling upset again? B.Where do you start? C.Nothing is too small to celebrate. D.Remember,you are only human. E.Set an intention for self-acceptance. F.Stop comparing yourself with others. G.When does the comparison game start? Passage 30 (讲解 2020·全国2,10分,难度★★) Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication In Asia,messaging platforms are growing rapidly,with users in the hundreds of millions,both at work and play.　36　.It􀆳s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.  Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping intention clear.　37　,encouraging better and more frequent communication.  In any given office,employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.　38　.While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually,for those used to working with traditional tools like email,it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).The good news is that it􀆳s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.  There is also the matter of tone(语气).Who hasn􀆳t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?　39　.Emoji can help communication feel friendlier,and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.  　40　,and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication,you􀆳ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.  A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform Passage 31 (2020·全国3,10分,难度★★) A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.　36　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.  　37　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn􀆳t a registry,a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with,like a piece of art or a plant.  　38　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn􀆳t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will,however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.　39　  Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.　40　 Now most homes have central heating and don􀆳t use fires to keep warm.  A.This isn􀆳t usual though. B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D.If you􀆳re lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place. E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. Passage 32 (2019·北京,10分,难度★★★★) Much of the work in today􀆳s world is accomplished(完成) in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.　46　 Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?  　47　 They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method,but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent;above that level,the team􀆳s performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isn􀆳t evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the team􀆳s performance.  To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions.　48　 In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too much talent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the team􀆳s performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”　49　  Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛),whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 　50　 An A-team may require a balance—not just A players,but a few generous B players as well.  A.It􀆳s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers􀆳 attention. D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. Passage 33 (2019·浙江,10分,难度★★★) Rock music consists of many different styles.Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music.　31　At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.  After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.　32　 They held large concerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说).John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.  　33　 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit New York on February 7,1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.　34　The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.　35　  A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time. C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D.However,their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F.They appeared in the films A Hard Day􀆳s Night(1964) and Help!(1965). G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS television􀆳s 53rd street studio. Passage 34 (2019·全国1,10分,难度★★★) Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.　36　 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.  　37　 If the air you􀆳re breathing is clean—which it would be if you􀆳re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.  Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).　38　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　39　 It gives us a great feeling of peace.  　40　While the sun􀆳s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that􀆳s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day􀆳s worth of Vitamin D.  A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. Passage 35 (2019·全国2,10分,难度★★) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.　36　 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.  　37　 More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.Only then should you set your goals.  You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.　38　 So,slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.  Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.　39　 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.  Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a pilot but can􀆳t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.　40　 You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.  You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A.This can affect your work. B.So how should you motivate yourself? C.However,this should not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific goals? E.They can change according to circumstances. F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it. Passage 36 (2019·全国3,10分,难度★★) In an online class,developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.　36　 While I have only listed two of each,there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.  Do􀆳s •　37　 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design,read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn􀆳t hiding in plain sight.  •Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.　38　 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same.  Don􀆳ts •Don􀆳t share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor.　39　  •Don􀆳t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.　40　 When a student attacks a professor on the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor􀆳s professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.  A.That􀆳s what they are for. B.Turn to an online instructor for help. C.If more information is needed,they will ask. D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E.Below are some common do􀆳s and don􀆳ts for online learners. F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions. Passage 37 (2018·北京,10分,难度★★★) Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior,and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发) events,personality traits(特征),and our assessment of situations.　51　  Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However,here are some examples:being cut off in traffic,a deadline approaching,experiencing physical pain,and much more.　52　 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one􀆳s personal history and psychological traits.  Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.　53　 Also,sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition,but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.  　54　 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger,or anger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.  　55　 However,anger can easily turn violent,and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind,we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.  A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence or anger. C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait,and is usually advised to reduce it. D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state,where anger is in the background of your mind. F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events,and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. Passage 38 (2018·浙江11月,10分,难度★★★) Some people are so rude.Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”?Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you?Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet?　31　  Maybe I􀆳m the rude one for not appreciating life􀆳s little courtesies (礼节).But many social norms (规范) just don􀆳t make sense to people drowning in digital communication. Take the thank-you note.Daniel Post Senning,a coauthor of Emily Post􀆳s Etiquette,asked,“At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?” 　32　 Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages.In texts,you don􀆳t have to declare who you are or even say hello.E-mail, too,is slower than a text.The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.  This isn􀆳t the first time technology has changed our manners.　33　 Alexander Graham Bell,the inventor, suggested that people say,“Ahoy!” Finally,hello won out,and the victory sped up the greeting􀆳s use in face-to-face communications.  In the age of the smart phone,there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast,a business􀆳s phone number,or directions to a house,a restaurant,or an office,which can be easily found on a digital map.　34　 And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.  How to handle these differing standards?Easy:Consider your audience.Some people,especially older ones,appreciate a thank-you message.　35　 In traditional societies,the young learn from the old.But in modern societies,the old can also learn from the young.Here􀆳s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.  A.Then there is voice mail. B.Others, like me, want no reply. C.But people still ask these things. D.Don􀆳t these people realize that they􀆳re wasting your time? E.Won􀆳t new technology bring about changes in our daily life? F.Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier. G.When the telephone was invented, people didn􀆳t know how to greet a caller. 　　Passage 39 (2018·浙江,10分,难度★★★) Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course,you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.　31　  Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat,clean,and in good repair.　32　 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.  Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk,take along a small garbage bag.　33　 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.  　34　 If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable,while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.  　35　 By following the basic rules of respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you,and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general,you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.  A.In general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up. F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly. 　　Passage 40 (2018·全国1,10分,难度★★★) Color is fundamental in home design—something you􀆳ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you􀆳ll love to live in.Do you want a room that􀆳s full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?　36　,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.  Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.　37　,they can get a little complex.But good news is that there􀆳re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.  　38　.They􀆳re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.  Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.　39　.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.  The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you􀆳re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　40　.  A.While all of them are useful B.Whatever you􀆳re looking for C.If you􀆳re experimenting with a color D.Small color choices are the ones we􀆳re most familiar with E.It􀆳s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first time G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways Passage 41 (2018·全国2,10分,难度★★) If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.　36　 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.  ●Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.　37　  ●Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.　38　 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day,not in your sleep.  ●　39　 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.  ●　40　 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.  There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long. A.You will stick to your diet. B.Your quality of sleep improves. C.You prefer healthy food to fast food. D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or you􀆳re doing it now,then listen up! Passage 42 (2018·全国3,10分,难度★★) Before there was the written word,there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate,joy and sorrow,life and death,and everything else in between. 　36　 We dance from Florida to Alaska,from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings,birthdays,office parties and just to fill the time.  “I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges,the owner of a dance studio in Lowa.“I can􀆳t imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful.　37　 It􀆳s great to watch them.For many of them,it􀆳s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”  　38　“I can tell you about one young couple,”says Bridges.“They􀆳re learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.　39　”  So,do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better,calmer,healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance,like the pattern of a beating heart,is life.Even after all these years,I want to get better and better.　40　 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I􀆳m alive.”  A.So why do we dance? B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere. C.If you like dancing outdoors,come to America. D.My older students say it makes them feel young. E.I keep practicing even when I􀆳m extremely tired. F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. Passage 43 (2017·北京,10分,难度★★★★) Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.　71　  One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.　72　We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.  Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day.　73　  Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.　74　The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.  If Tononi􀆳s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night􀆳s sleep,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.　75　 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.  A.We should also try to sleep well the night before. B.It􀆳s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick. D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E.That􀆳s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea. G.Tononi􀆳s team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice. Passage 44 (2017·浙江11月,10分,难度★★★) How to Remember What You Read Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what you􀆳ve read! 　31　 You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images (形象) may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.  ●　32　  If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won􀆳t be able to remember what you read. It􀆳s a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don􀆳t understand what you􀆳re reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few things you can do ... Use a dictionary: look up the difficult words. ●Are you connected? Does a character remind you of a friend? Does the setting make you want to visit the place? Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more? With some books, you may feel a connection right away.　33　 How willing are you to make the connections happen?  ●Read it; hear it; be it! Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He􀆳d make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character.　34　  ●How often do you read? If you read frequently, you􀆳ll likely have an easier time with remembering what you􀆳re reading (and what you􀆳ve read).　35　 As you make reading a regular part of your life, you􀆳ll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. You􀆳ll learn to enjoy literature — as you remember what you read!  A.Are you confused? B.Practice makes perfect. C.What􀆳s your motivation? D.Memory is sometimes a tricky thing. E.Marking helps you remember what you read. F.But other books require a bit more work on your part. G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text! Passage 45 (2017·浙江,10分,难度★★★) How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.　31　 But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.  ●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?”　32　  ●Hit the streets with confidence.　33　 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.  ●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Don􀆳t get discouraged. ●　34　Each interview that you get on the street shouldn􀆳t be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you won􀆳t be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.　35　  ●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air,don􀆳t leave work without them. A.Limit your time. B.As you approach people,be polite. C.If you don􀆳t own a camera,you can buy one. D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task. E.To get good and useful results,ask them the same question. F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply. Passage 46 (2017·全国1,10分,难度★★) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.　36　  The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.　37　 We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor􀆳s bill for my son􀆳s food poisoning.  I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.　38　 Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.  　39　 We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.  　40　 It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.  A.This time there was no tent. B.Things are going to be improved. C.The trip they took me on was a rough one. D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however. E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping. G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. Passage 47 (2017·全国2,10分,难度★★★) Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you􀆳re trying to get work done.　36　,there are several ways to handle things.Let􀆳s take a look at them now.  　37　.Tell the person you􀆳re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.  When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you􀆳ll find them then.　38　.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.  When you need to talk to someone,don􀆳t do it in your own office.　 39 　,it􀆳s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.  If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.　40　.If someone knocks and it􀆳s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you􀆳re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed,you􀆳re not to be disturbed.  A.If you􀆳re busy,don􀆳t feel bad about saying no B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D.If you􀆳re in the other person􀆳s office or in a public area E.It􀆳s important that you let them know when you􀆳ll be available F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G.Leave it open when you􀆳re available to talk and close it when you􀆳re not Passage 48 (2017·全国3,10分,难度★★) Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.　36　 Here􀆳s how to make one.  ● 　37　 In order to make a change,you need to decide why it􀆳s important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.  ● Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night before by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags.　38　That􀆳s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.  ● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you􀆳re tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.　39　  　　● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you􀆳ve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.　40　If not,take another look at other methods you could try.  A.Get a sleep specialist. B.Find the right motivation. C.A better plan for sleep can help. D.And consider setting a second alarm. E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up. F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day. G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题二　阅读理解·七选五 　　Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事,展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 36.E　此句为过渡句。在七个选项中只有A项和E项没有涉及she或her,而第一段没有人物出现,可直接把答案定位到A项或者E项。根据上文可知,开篇引出咖啡馆的功能,空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品,还提供微笑。)”既承接上文的“The College Cafe”,又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务。 37.D　此句为细节句。根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.(她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,...(当顾客从她手中接过饮品时,她微笑着说:……)”可知,设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D项“After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.(完成订单后,她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”,“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景,形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。 38.C　此句为细节句。根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.(墨菲每天四点四十五起床,开车三十分钟准时上班。)”可知,设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.(有时她会提前到达,提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性,“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”,展现其敬业精神。 39.F　此句为细节句。根据上文“Joanna Wright,a senior political science major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.(乔安娜·赖特是政治学专业的大四学生,她热爱咖啡,每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”可知,设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始,并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的原因,且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。 40.G　此句为细节句。根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.(她完全打算留下来,继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可知,设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G项“She has served here for 17 years and can􀆳t imagine working anywhere else.(她已经在这里服务了17年,无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限长,“can􀆳t imagine working anywhere else”强调对咖啡馆的情感联结,与“staying”形成呼应。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家庭志愿服务带来的四个意想不到的好处:让家人感觉时间更充裕、促进成年人身体健康、对青少年产生终身积极影响、增加亲子时光。 36.B　此句为过渡句。根据本段首句“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together?”可知,此处所选择的选项需要与家庭共同做事有关系。前文以两个问句引出“家庭共同活动”的需求,后文直接切入 “志愿服务的好处”。B项 “(家庭)志愿服务或许正是你需要的”承上启下,将问题与解决方案衔接。 37.G　 此句为细节句。该段主题为 “你会感觉时间更充裕”,G项 “志愿服务让你获得能力感,并激励你充分利用每一天” 解释了为何奉献时间反而让人产生时间变多的主观感受,与前文 “research has found” 的结论呼应。 38.E　 此句为主旨句。后文提到 “55岁及以上志愿者记忆力更好、总体健康维持更久”,E 项 “对成年人而言,志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处” 概括了段落核心,且“adults”与下文研究对象匹配。 39.C　此句为小标题。该段聚焦青少年志愿服务的长期积极影响(如成绩提升、自信增强),C 项 “志愿服务对儿童和青少年有终身影响” 中的 “lifelong effect” 与段落中 “not just short-term” 形成呼应。 40.F　 此句为细节句。前文强调家庭共同志愿服务“朝共同目标努力”,后文提到“每个人带来独特之处并以新的方式建立联系”。F项“你甚至可能发现孩子拥有你以前不知道的天赋”具体说明家庭互动中的意外收获,符合语境。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其需要具备的特质,并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 35.G　总结句。根据上文“Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book,The Life Cycle,mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery.”可知,本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G项“当这个阶段被剥夺时,就会产生一种不安全感”承接上文,说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。其中stage为同词复现。 36.E　过渡句。上文提到Turner的其他周期也同样重要,下文提到了这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝会产生的后果。由此可知,本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E项“它们教授情感意识和情感管理以及身份认同”能承上启下。 选项中的They指代cycles。 37.D　细节句。根据上文“This requires an internal locus of control,which implies self-control of your thoughts,feelings,and actions.”可知,本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D项“换句话说,你在掌控生活这场游戏——而不是生活掌控你”用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义。 38.C　细节句。上文提到成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识,同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。由此可知,本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解”补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力,即表现出理解。 39.A　推理句。上文提到“虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作,但作为社会,我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份认同发展的学校”,由此可知,本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A项“支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作”补充说明了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者认为,没有编辑喜欢拼写错误的作家,所以词典对于写作来说就成了必备品。作者以自己的经历为例,说明了词典和同义词词典对于写作的重要性。 36.F　此句为过渡句。上文提到“如果你想发表书籍或文章,那么提交一份完美的、专业的原稿是至关重要的”,而下文提到“没有编辑可能忍受一位不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。由此可知,此空意指提交的作品应语法准确并且拼写无误,F项“那就意味着好的语法和没有拼写错误”起到了承上启下的作用,且that指代前句,作进一步解释。 37.B　此句为细节句。根据上文的“I don􀆳t trust my laptop􀆳s spellchecker.”可知,B项中的“It”指代“spellchecker”,B项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑语境)”为正确答案。 38.E　此句为主旨句。根据下文的“It should give you a precise definition of each word...It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.”可知,它(词典)不仅仅是关于拼写的,还给出单词的定义和读音,故选E项。 39.A　此句为细节句。根据下文的“However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to...”可知,A项“我不经常用这本词典”与下文的转折句相吻合。 40.D　此句为过渡句。根据上文的“To make dictionaries is dull work...”可知,编写词典是很枯燥的一件事。结合下文的“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”可知,花几分钟看一页或两页的词典可以是一种有益的体验。因此D项“但阅读词典是一件愉悦的事”存在语义转折,起过渡的作用,符合语境。 Passage 5 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。面对过度旅游问题,本文提供策略:明智选择目的地,探索少人问津之地,避开高峰时段,以减少对旅游地的影响并提升个人体验。 36.B　此句为过渡句。根据上文“but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations”可知,旅游的快速发展会导致某些地方过度旅游,结合下文“Certainly not.”可知,B项“So,should we stop traveling?”可承上启下。 37.C　此句为总结句。根据上文“Go somewhere only when the landscape,culture or food deeply draws you.”可知,要选择风景、文化或食品深深吸引你的地方。C项“Travel for you and no one else.(为自己旅游而不是亦步亦趋)”对整段意思进行总结,符合语境。 38.E　此句为细节句。根据上文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.”和下文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination􀆳s lesser-known sights?”可知,尽管存在过度旅游,但仍有许多不太知名的地方可供人们选择。E项“You can still find relatively undiscovered places.”与本段语义一致。 39.A　此句为主旨句。根据下文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.”可知,本段主要介绍了在非高峰时段旅行的好处——可以减少对旅游地的压力,同时提升旅行体验。A项“Visit during off-peak times.”即“避开旅游高峰”可作为本段的主题句。 40.G　此句为细节句。根据上文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.”可知,此处强调了作为旅行者的责任,即保护旅游地的特色。G项“Consider giving back to the communities you􀆳re visiting.”符合语境,提醒旅行者考虑一下回馈你所参观的地方。 Passage 6 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 35.G　细节句。根据空前“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有‘刺猬’型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知,G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边,并全力支持自己的立场”可承接上文,其中“They”指代上文中的“Hedgehog thinkers”。 36.C　细节句。根据空前“They focus on one thing and do it really well.They figure out what they are good at.(他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么。)”可知,C项“因此,他们的优势是(头脑)清楚和自信” 承接上文,进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点。 37.D　过渡句。根据上一段介绍了“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点,以及下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes,...”可知,介绍了“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是,把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”既与上段内容构成转折关系,又引出了下文的内容。 段首过渡句——瞻前顾后寻提示 段首过渡句是一个句子承接或总结上段的内容,同时提示或领起本段内容的句子。作答时,一定要瞻前顾后寻找提示。首先要阅读上一段的结尾部分,通常正确的选项与上一段的内容相衔接,然后阅读下文内容,观察所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如该题,上一段介绍了“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点,本段介绍了“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点,D项把上下两段内容有机地结合起来。 　　38.F　细节句。根据空后“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking.(他们试图将其纳入自己的观点,而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知,F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时,他们不会把它当作例外”可引出下文,“狐狸”型思维方式的人会将矛盾的观点接纳,融入自己的观点。 39.A　过渡句。根据空前“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.(这个问题可以用‘像狐狸的刺猬’风格来回答)”和空后“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off.(成为拥有‘刺猬’型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知,A项“换句话说,两者都有其明显的优势”可承上启下。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是适度饮食,并对此给出了建议。 36.F　此句为过渡句。本段开头指出适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物量。根据上文的“but not too full?”可知,不要吃太饱;空后提到适度饮食并不意味着要跟喜欢的食物说再见。由此可知,空处应承接上文,进一步解释适度饮食,且与空后内容形成转折。F项“对我们中许多人来说,适度意味着我们要吃得比现在少”可承上启下。此外,上文中的 means 和下文中的 mean 与F项中的 means相呼应。 37.C　此句为细节句。根据本段的主旨句“Take your time.”可知,本段主要讲述的是,慢慢吃饭不着急。由此可推断,空处所填内容也与此相关,即不要狼吞虎咽。C项“不要在上班路上吞咽食物”符合语境。 38.E　此句为细节句。空前一句提到,总是让不健康的零食唾手可得的话,比如饼干,要适度饮食就更具有挑战性了。由此可推断,空处应与适度饮食的正确做法有关。E项“相反,让自己周围都是健康的选择”指出了正确的做法,且E项中的“surround...with...”与上文中的“at hand”和“at the ready”相呼应。 39.B　此句为细节句。根据本段的主旨句“Control emotional eating.”并结合下文的“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions...”可知,B项“我们并不总是因为解决饥饿而进食”,解释了进食除了解决饥饿问题以外还有其他作用,且B项句中的“always”又与下一句中的“also”相呼应。 40.A　此句为主旨句。通读本段可知,本段的要点是吃健康的早餐、中餐和晚餐,并且深夜应该不食,因此可推断主题句应该是有关人们一天的饮食。此外语篇从第二段开始都以一个祈使句作段落主题句。A项“全天恰当饮食”符合段落主旨。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要阐述了面对错误积极的举措是承担责任,但同样重要的是自我谅解。作者分享了一些进行自我谅解的写作方法。 36.D　此句为细节句。第一段是文章的主旨段落。内容是:为错误承担责任是一个积极的举措,但是不必过分自责。人非圣贤,孰能无过?同样重要的是要学会原谅自己。然后作者分享了一些原谅自己的写作方法。故选D项。 37.B　此句为主旨句。后文的“Are you caring?Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?”都是characteristics的一部分,都属于上文的Personal strengths。故选B项。 38.F　此句为细节句。根据上文的“It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework,when you did...after the family had had a tiring day.”可知,此处表示的是:无论你做了什么事,无论这些事情看起来多么的渺小,都要写下来。write it down对应上文的list。故选F项。 39.C　此句为细节句。本段的特征是引入了新的角色“a friend or family member”,后文要对新引入的角色加以诠释。后文的exchange也说明你的朋友或者家人也要尝试这样的一种方法。故选C项。 40.G　此句为细节句。根据本文最后一句可知,“我”们一直在改变和学习,错误是发展和成长的积极方式。所以据此推断,错误并不是你个性中不可改变的部分。故选G项。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何开始艺术之旅,提出了四条有用的建议。 36.C　本句是过渡句。根据上文“Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.(从小事开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习。)”以及下文“You􀆳ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you􀆳ve come.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅,看看自己已经取得多少进步。)”可知,空处应是一个过渡句,C项“Don􀆳t throw away your beginner art.”可承上启下。 37.G　本句是总结句。根据本段主题句“Paint often and paint from life.”中的often以及设空前一句“Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes,paint from life as much as possible.”中的as much as possible可知,这与G项中的repetition相呼应。 38.A　本句是细节句。根据本段第一句“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”可知,A项“Get out of your comfort zone.(跳出舒适区。)”相一致。 39.D　本句是主题句。根据设空后的“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.”可知,D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.(如果你感觉这么做舒服,你就分享你的作品。)”与空后的feedback相吻合。 40.E　本句是细节句。根据本段第一句“The journey you􀆳re on won􀆳t follow a straight path.(你的艺术之旅不会一帆风顺。)”可知,E项“You􀆳ll hit roadblocks,and you􀆳ll feel discouraged at times.(你会遇到路障,并且有时会感到气馁。)”可承接上文。 Passage 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 35.D　细节句。根据上文的“Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定)”可知,D项“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而,排名忽略了一个关键因素:教学质量)”可与上文构成转折关系。 36.F　细节句。根据“they􀆳re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings(他们常常惊讶地发现,优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名)”可知,F项“They􀆳re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是,大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”承接上文,其中more surprised与上文的surprised相呼应。 37.G　过渡句。根据上文的“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(新兴研究表明,平均而言,排名较低的大学的课程在教学上的得分高于排名较高的大学。)”以及下文的“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系,排名中没有优质的教学令人惊讶。)”可知,G项“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上,大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”可起到承上启下的作用。 38.B　细节句。根据上文的“Administrators often don􀆳t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment or funding.(管理者通常不会将优秀的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式)”可知,上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因。B项“Therefore, it􀆳s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此,它在招聘或提升中不受重视。)”和上文构成因果关系。 39.E　主旨句。根据下文“尽管如此,在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前,不会有太大变化。从长远来看,大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为学校使命的一个有价值的核心部分。”可知,此处是站在大学的角度,提出如何把教学作为他们的首要核心任务。结合“Nevertheless”可知,空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。E项“最近,努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。”与下文形成转折,旨在说明促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为读者提供“成为一个有耐心的人”的方法:表达感谢、学会等待、走出舒适区。 36.G　此句为细节句。根据第一段第一句“Here􀆳s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?”可知,交通堵塞、排长队、等待假期开始都是需要耐心的事情,这与G项“They􀆳re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.”相吻合,且呼应第二段中的“practiced patience”。 37.E　此句为细节句。第三段第一句“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.”讲的是表达感谢的好处。E项“It can also help us practice more patience.”也是表达感谢的好处。故选E项,形成“it makes us...It can also help...”并列关系。 38.B　此句为过渡句。根据第四段第二句“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.”提到了practice,空后的句子“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”列举了一些等待的事情。由此推出B项“Start with small tasks(从小事开始做起)”符合题意。 39.C　此句为主旨句。根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”可推知,本段的主题句应为“接受令人不舒适的事情”,故选C项。 40.F　此句为细节句。根据最后一段第一句“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.”的后半句可知,当我们经历舒适区外的事物时,我们会变得不耐烦。因此,我们应该学会对自己说“这只是不舒服,不是不可忍受”,故选F项。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在室内种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物。 36.B　本句为并列复合句。根据空后的“but studies have shown that they can promote people􀆳s wellbeing by improving their mood,reducing stress and helping their memory”可知,应该选B项,构成“not only...but (also)...(不仅……,而且……)”句型,本句交代了室内植物的两个优点。 37.D　本句为细节句。根据“Many of these species are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.”可知,应该选D项,选项中的Instead与该句中的not构成“不是……,而是……”句式。outside与inside,winter与warmer相对应。 38.C　本句为主旨句。根据“Why are indoor plants good for you?”和空后的内容可知,应该选C项,good与benefits相一致。空后的“lift your mood”“improve creativity,focus and memory”“clean the air around them”和“remove some harmful chemicals”概括起来都是不同的“好处(benefits)”。 39.E　本句为细节句。空前的“They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking”综述“它们还可以去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害的化学物质”,选项E点明具体实例:peace lilies和devil􀆳s ivy这样的植物最有效。 40.G　本句为细节句。根据“It can bring a new interest and focus into people􀆳s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”可知应该选G项,it指代“Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding.”,即Spoelstra认为“了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的,它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和关注点,并有助于将家与自然联系起来。” Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择锻炼伙伴。 36.C　此句为过渡句。上文提到其中的一个原因“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就会在那儿出现”,结合空格前面的“another read”可知,空格处应为另一个原因。C项“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更加努力。”可起到承上启下的作用。 37.D　此句为细节句。根据下文的“Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility?”可知,所填的句子也应该是一个一般疑问句。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗?”可以和下文构成选择关系。 38.B　此句为细节句。根据空格后面的“If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.”可知,B项“锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。”可引出下文。 39.G　此句为总结句。根据上文的“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,...”可知,本段的内容和notice有关,该词也是解题的关键。G项“任何针对锻炼伙伴的通知都应包括此类信息。”可作为对该段的总结。其中notice为同词复现。 40.F　此句为过渡句。根据本段的主题句“You and your partner will probably have different skills.( 你和你的伙伴可能会有不同的技能。)”可知,F项“接受你们的不同,学会相互合作。”可承接上文。其中different和difference是同根词复现。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。写文章对大多数人来说是一个困难的过程,然而,如果你掌握了三个简单的技巧,这个过程就会变得容易和简单。文章主要按照时间顺序介绍了三个练习写作的技巧。 36.D　此句为主旨句。上文提到三个技巧,下文出现了“the next technique”以及“the third techniques”,显然,此处应该是介绍第一个写作技巧。 37.B　此句为过渡句。根据上文的“Stay loose and free.”和下文的“Don􀆳t worry about grammar or spelling.”可知,空格处应说按心里想的写,自由发挥,B项“让你的笔跟随你的思潮”承上启下。 38.E　此句为细节句。根据上文的“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.”和下文的“Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱)paper.”可知,此处举例说明太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。 39.F　此句为过渡句。根据上文的“The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision.”和下文的“As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.”可知,此处强调用三倍行距打印从而留出修改空间的重要性,F项中“revise”与前面的“revision”属于原词复现,“Many beginning writers”与后文“these writers”相呼应。 40.G　此句为过渡句。根据上文“you can enter your changes into your word processor.”和下文“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.”可知,此处按照时间顺序介绍打草稿并反复修改的过程,其中“triple-space”和后文“The resulting blank space”相呼应。 Passage 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 35.G　根据空前“Often due to various pressures,we tend to ignore our health.(由于各种各样的压力,我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”,结合空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知,空处承上启下,所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦,而且我们会染上(坏的)生活方式和其他疾病。)”符合上下文语境。 36.B　根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly,if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(我们需要有一个健康的身体。同样,如果我们是健康的,我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知,健康的身体与健身是密不可分的,B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容。 37.D　根据空前“We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(我们的身体可能没有生病,但体质仍很虚弱,随时会被病毒攻击。)”空后也提到生病并不一定意味着我们是不健康的。D项“For instance,we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如,我们可能很容易感冒。)”承上启下,举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病。 38.F　根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说,花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”和空后所举的例子可知,我们应该每天坚持锻炼,F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文,引出下文,符合上下文语境。 39.C　根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day.(我们每天至少应该有6到8小时的睡眠。)”以及空后“This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知, 我们应该保障有充足的睡眠,并且充足的睡眠对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处,所以空处应继续讲述充足睡眠的好处。C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”符合语境,空后的This指的就是C项的内容。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物,从而论证观点:人们写作都是带有某种目的的。 31.D　根据空前“As the children got older,they would give Santa some hints on where to buy their presents.(随着孩子们逐渐长大,他们会给圣诞老人一些提示,告诉他去哪里买他们的礼物。)”可知,孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪里买他们的礼物,D项“As a result,each year they received something they wanted.(结果,他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。)”和上文有因果关系。 32.B　根据空前“Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain,inform,or persuade.(有时我们的目的是为了获得东西,有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知,我们写作都是带着目的的,结合B项“But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be.(但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”和下文语意一致,说明写作是带有目的的。 33.E　根据空后的“You write ‘Dear Santa’ because you don􀆳t know him personally and you want to show him respect.(你写‘亲爱的圣诞老人’是因为你不认识他,你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知,E项“You write ‘Hi Nanna and Pop’ because you are close to them.(你写‘嗨,奶奶和爸爸’,因为你和他们很亲近。)”和下文是并列构成,且语意一致。 34.F　根据空后“Texting,online messaging,live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly producing written messages.(在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。)”可知,科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。F项“As technology develops,young people are writing more than they ever have.(随着科技的发展,年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”与下文语意一致。 35.G　根据下文的“This type of writing...”可知,空格处应该提到一种写作方式。G项“But if this is the only kind of writing young people do,it will cause problems.(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式,那就会造成问题。)”与下文语意一致。其中“This type of writing”和“the only kind of writing”为同义词语复现。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在不同文化中,外出就餐时需要注意的事项。 36.D　此句为过渡句。上一句提到与文化有关的进餐礼节可能有一些重要的规则会使你惊讶。下一句提到知道一些有用的提示可以确保不管在世界的哪一个角落,你都能与朋友或家人拥有一次愉快的用餐体验。D项中的“at a restaurant”与文章标题中的“When Dining Out”呼应。 37.F　此句为细节句。根据上一句提到吃饭间歇将筷子放下时,一定要并排放好,以便与你面前的桌子边缘保持平行。F项中的“them”指代上文中的“chopsticks”。 38.C　此句为细节句。 前两句提到在印度、中东和法国,人们用餐时使用手或者使用餐具的情况。C项中的“Mexicans”衔接上文的“People in France”,“inappropriate to eat with utensils”衔接后半句的“instead preferring to use their hands”。 39.G　此句为过渡句。G项中的 “a simple request”对应小标题“Making Requests”。 40.B　此句为过渡句。根据下文的“the more comfortable you􀆳ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”可知,此处为“the more...the more...”结构(越……越……)。此外,B项中的“any given country”与后半句中的“its”形成呼应。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。友谊需要细心呵护才能健康地发展,文章就相距较远的朋友如何保持长久的友谊给出了五条建议。 36.D　根据该段的小标题以及上文提到busy schedules可知,此处说明双方需要努力找一个对彼此都合适的时间来保持联系,并坚持这一做法,D项符合语境且符合句间逻辑关系。 37.E　根据上文的“have communicated with your friend”和下文的“There are alternatives to constant written communication”可知,E项能够承上启下。 38.G　根据下文出现的is remaining,has moved,new environment等关键信息可知,朋友可能会搬走或者被留在原地。G项符合语境。下文中的“remaining”和“moved”与G项中的“left”和“left behind”相互应。 39.A　根据该段的内容可知,周年纪念日、生日等是非常重要的日期,为避免遗忘,要用日记本把一些重要的日期记录下来,故小标题应为“记住重要的日期”。 40.F　根据下文的“face-to-face time together”可知,虽然通过社交媒体保持联系很容易,但是,面对面的聚会也是很有必要的。F项符合上下文的转折关系。 Passage 19 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“我”与丈夫在巴黎待着的一周时间内,体会巴黎人的生活方式,感悟巴黎的与众不同之处。 36.F　根据下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.”可知,这里表示所以“我”们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的六楼公寓。据此可推测,空格内容与下一句之间构成了因果关系。F项“我们的目的是看看,在某种程度上,我们能否像真正的巴黎人那样生活”与下文能够形成因果关系。 37.C　结合下文“Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,‘Ouverture des portes,’in perfect French.”可知,本部分是在描述公寓的配套设施等内部情况。C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”正是对公寓内部的介绍。 38.G　通读本段可知,本段主要讲述了巴黎的食物。与之表述在意义和语境上有重叠的是D项、E项和G项。结合空前后出现的关键词great food,French strawberries以及flavor bombs等可知,G项“食物是如此美味,你不需要太多就能使你快乐”符合语境。 39.E　结合上一段内容,再根据本段内容,尤其是最后一句“But they cost $18!”可知,本段主要讲述“巴黎食物的价格较贵”这一点。E项“那并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”,承接上一段内容,引出了法国人吃得少的另一个原因。 40.A　结合空前内容“French cafés are always crowded.”及空后的内容“When do these people work?”可知,A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客”,与上下句表述内容一致,且空后的these people是答题的关键。 Passage 20 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。 36.D　根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine,the speed at which you read—probably does not matter very much.But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.(如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志,那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是,如果你必须大量阅读来学习,你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处)”可知,接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项“这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议”可起到承上启下的作用。 寻复现,定答案 复现是文章中词汇的一种衔接手段,即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现,也可以是同义词、近义词、同一语义场的复现或反义词的复现。作答时,我们可以根据原词复现线索,结合主题句的含义来答题,这样可以达到事半功倍的效果。需要注意的是,这并不意味着有原词复现的选项一定就是正确答案,还需要结合主题句的含义来判断。如文中的“the speed at which you read”和选项D中的“your reading speed”构成同义复现。 37.G　根据本段主题句“Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable.(在你打开书之前,确保你感到舒服)”可知,本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项“保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦”符合段落主题以及语境。 38.B　根据下文“Look at the table of contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc.(查看目录、前言、章节标题等)”可知,本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项“花几分钟浏览一下这本书”可作为本段的主题句。 39.C　根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book,decide how much you can read at a time.(如果你决定要读完整本书,决定一下你一次能读多少)”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.(以故事的形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读)”可知,看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项“这取决于你读的书的类型”承上启下符合语境。 40.E　根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.(总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸)”可知,本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项“把任何特别重要的一页都记下来”符合语境。 Passage 21 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是音乐对人们身心的好处。 35.F　根据下文的“The mental health benefits from music can􀆳t be argued.(音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的)”可知,F选项符合语境。其中的“stress and anxiety”照应了下文的“mental health benefits”。 36.B　下文提到“However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain(然而,出于同样的原因,当一个人处于痛苦中时,音乐是非常有益的)”根据“However”可知,空格处应该是对音乐的负面评价。B项“Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud”中的“harmful”就是负面评价。 37.D　根据上文的“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.(许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐)”可知,D项可承接上文。其中的“They”指代“Many people”,而且“sleep”和“going to bed”为同义词语复现。 38.G　根据上文的“In one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.(在欧洲的一项研究中,参与者听音乐,研究人员监测他们的心率和血压)”可知,G项“Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the faster their heart rates were”是实验的结果。其中的“heart rates”为同词复现。 39.E　根据下文的“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for,which is what makes music so valuable.(但是,开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益,这就是音乐如此有价值的原因)”可知,本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处,E项“The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.(音乐对整体幸福感的影响确实令人印象深刻)”可作为本段的主题句。 Passage 22 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。葡萄牙人Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。为此,他专门创建了一个网站,通过网络的力量发展传播自己的爱好,并结识了很多志同道合的人们。 31.G　此句为总结句。文中提到Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。所填的句子位于段尾,对上述内容进行总结概括。G项“总之,他喜欢明信片,享受那种得到来自远方的人的一张手写纸条的兴奋感”符合语境。故选G项。 32.A　此句为过渡句。根据Paulo所说的话“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it.”可知,并不是所有的人都像Paulo一样积极热情地发送明信片,但对于Paulo而言,这完全没问题,因为下文提到Paulo想出了解决问题的办法。故选A项。 33.E　此句为细节句。根据“Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.”可知,此处用数字来说明Paulo创办的这个网站非常成功。故选E项。 34.F　此句为过渡句。上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn􀆳t work if one doesn􀆳t understand it.”提到不懂中文的人收到写有中文的明信片,对上面的概念一无所知。此处说明,同样的道理,如果你只会讲中文,收到瑞典语写的卡片也会失去一部分乐趣。故选F项。 35.B　此句为过渡句。上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”中提到很多中国人接触英语的机会有限,此处承接上文,说明带来的后果是“学习和练习英语更加困难”。故选B项。 根据因果关系判断答案 因果关系是各种自然现象和社会现象之间的一种内在的必然联系。现实世界中的任何现象的出现总是由另一现象引起,引起后一现象的现象称为原因,被引起的现象称为结果。因此,在句子或段落中,若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系答题。 Passage 23 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。制作服装耗用了大量的自然资源,其中已经不想穿的但是质量好的衣服该如何处理呢?文章给出了很好的建议:交换衣服。 36.B　此句为过渡句。上文提出了问题:如何处理这类衣服,下文介绍具体的操作方式。由此可知,所填的句子承上启下,B项“进行衣物交换”符合语境。 37.A　此句为过渡句。根据下文的“more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable”可知,“less people than that”符合语境,且分号前后形成对比。 根据对比关系判定答案 把一种事物的正反两方面并列起来,以便更加明显、更加全面地表现事物,这就是对比。我们可以根据段落中的对比关系来答题。常见的表示对比的词有: but,however,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast等。 38.G　此句为细节句。根据下文的主语“they”以及“carry their ‘new’ clothes home”可知,此处说明大家都把干净的衣服带来。 39.F　此句为过渡句。根据上文的句子“不同类型的衣服放在不同的地方。”可知,此处强调大家要把衣服放在合适的位置。F项“让每个人把他们的衣服放在合适的地方”,承上启下,符合语境。 40.D　此句为过渡句。根据上文的“turn on a certain song”和下文的“Remember,it􀆳s party.”可知,“让音乐一直播放着”符合语境。 Passage 24 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在晚餐聚餐时如何做一个有趣的人,给出了几点建议。全文为典型的总分总结构。 36.B　此句为主旨句。第一段总起,指出文章的中心思想。本段紧随其后,提出第一条建议。 37.C　此句为细节句。下文提到有一辆破旧的车或者坐公共汽车,可知接下来要问的问题是“你怎么来的?”,所以C项符合语境。同时下文的“it”指代C项中的question。 38.F　此句为主旨句。下文说的是:“如果你拿不走他们的酒,就拿走他们的讲台。”可知这里是问“万一碰到喝多酒的人或者不停说话的人怎么办?”,故选F项。 39.E　此句为细节句。上句是应对醉酒或者喋喋不休的人的第一种解决办法。这里是第二种解决办法:或者把对话变成一个他们没什么可说的话题。E项符合句间衔接关系。 40.G　此句为过渡句。上句提到如果出现尴尬的沉默,可以通过赞扬主人来缓解尴尬氛围。因此接下来应选择过渡句“她/他(主人)是受尴尬影响最重的人”,G项和上文构成因果关系。 Passage 25 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处,同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较,分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。 46.B　根据下文的“Meanwhile,positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时,积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话,开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”可知,所填的句子是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。其中negative self-talks为同词复现。 47.D　下文提到“积极思考的人寿命更长,抑郁和焦虑率更低,身心更健康,死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力”。本段介绍的是积极思考对人的益处,D项可作为本段的主题句。 48.C　根据下文的“For example,researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions,such as a natural disaster,positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如,研究人员发现,当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时,比如自然灾害,积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知,下文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时,保持冷静。故C项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”可引出下文。 49.G　上文提到“积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战,一个改进的机会,或者一个个人成长的机会。相反,悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源。”由此可知,上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较,本句应承接上文,进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时的一些性格特点,G项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁,即使是很小的问题”符合语境。选项中的they指的就是Pessimists。 50.A　根据上文“It doesn􀆳t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.”可知,本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响,A项和上文形成并列关系。其中的either是关键词。 Passage 26 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述成为有影响力的演说家的几种技巧。 16.G　此句为过渡句,承上启下,根据上文提到有些人天生就有在公众面前讲话的能力,联系下文的“你想成为一名出色的演讲者吗?”两句前后存在明显的转折关系,G项符合语境。 17.A　此句为过渡句,承上启下,根据上文提到“你站起来演讲时,聚焦于听众,而不是如何表达”以及后一句“要聚焦于自己的表达。”由此可判断,横线处为明确表态,与前面所述相反,故选A项。 18.C　此句为总结句。本段提到,即使最成功的演说家都会犯错,人们的注意力会不断转移。大多数人只能理解演说者20%的信息。所以即使出了错也不要停下来,“你没有必要为犯小错而道歉”。a minor slip与前面a mistake同义,故选C项。 19.B　此句为过渡句。前面提到你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家,后面一句讲“同生活中的其他事情一样,那需要大量的训练。”由此可知,“你想要成为一名有影响力的演说家”为最佳答案。 20.D　此处考查主题句。根据后面的内容可知,人们很少希望演讲的内容冗长,尤其是“Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.”一句是很好的概括,故选D项。 Passage 27 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者分析了自己几个生活习惯的成因。 31.G　此句为过渡句。根据空后一句“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.”可知,设空句应提及“His”的身份,即G项中的“My older brother”。 32.D　此句为段中承上启下过渡句。根据空前一句提到“我对书写字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”和下文提到“我很快就从典型的儿童读物变成了插图少、章节多的书”可知此处应指“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”与上句构成递进与下文形成对比。结合选项可知D项最符合语境。 33.A　此句为段尾句。根据前一句提到阅读为“我”打开了新世界可知,接下来应描述作者的感受。结合选项可知A项“我不再孤独”与空前一句形成了因果关系,符合语境。 34.F　此句为过渡句。根据前一句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时,她说我的设计很有创意”及下文“make things”和选项F“making things”属于同词复现。 35.E　此句为段首句。根据后一句“无论天气或季节,我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知关键词“outside”,结合选项可知E项“outdoors”属于同词复现。 Passage 28 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。 36.B　根据下文提到的“Stay positive.”等可知,所填的句子是引出下文建议的过渡句。B项“Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.”符合语境。 37.E　下文的“teamwork”意为团队。E项“Remember,your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.(记住,你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边)”与此呼应。 38.D　根据文章“This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)”可知,这应该是在你看医生之前所做的事情,所以D项符合语境。 39.F　根据 “Your medical history is a list of your illnesses,treatments,”可知,F项“Bring your medical history,including a list of your current medicines.(带上你的病史,包括你目前的药物清单)”符合语境。其中medical history为同词复现。 40.A　根据上文的 “To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor􀆳s office,write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment.”可知,A项“This will make getting answers easier.(这将使获得答案更容易)”可承接上文。 Passage 29 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我接受的几种方法,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度。 36.B　此处为过渡句。根据上文提到的接纳自己有时很难,联系下文的“Here􀆳s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.”可知,此处表示“从何处开始呢?”,故B项符合语境。 37.F　段前空格考查主题句。根据后面的“Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.”可知,此处表示“停止与别人比较”,故选F项。 38.D　此处为段中承上启下过渡句。根据开头提及的“Forgive yourself for mistakes...”以及后面的“You will make mistakes...”可知,此处表示“要记住,你只是个普通人”,故选D项。 39.C　此处为总结句。本段讲述要认识自身的长处,将它们写进日记,将你的成就列出来。你有一份工作,你获得了学位,你今天没有赖床。最后总结:无论事情多小,都值得庆贺,故选C项。 40.A　此处为过渡句。根据上文中的“Put into words why you feel unworthy,why you don􀆳t feel good enough.”可知,此处表示“又感到不安了吗?”。don􀆳t feel good enough与A项中的upset同义。 Passage 30 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了表情符号在职场沟通中的重要作用。 36.D　根据上文出现的messaging platforms和下文出现的western countries可知,信息平台在全球迅速普及开来,D项起到了承上启下的作用。 37.A　根据前一句出现的emojis和下文的结果状语可知,此处表示带有表情符号的信息更有利于交谈,A项符合语境。 38.G　上文提到,办公室里的人们年龄不同,交流方式可能是一个挑战,由此推知此处应该是解决方案。 39.B　根据上文出现的annoying和下文出现的friendlier可知,B项承上启下,符合语境。 40.F　根据下文的that positive outcome可知,F项中的a happier workplace刚好与之吻合。 Passage 31 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“温锅”聚餐这一习俗的相关内容。 36.E　上文提到“温锅”是朋友和家人对乔迁新居的人进行的一种祝贺方式,下文讲“温锅”也是在用爱和礼物来填充新空间的时刻。由此可以推知,空处很有可能也是在讲有关“温锅”的意义。结合语境内容可知,E项中的代词It指housewarming party,而且also表明了和上一句之间的逻辑关系。 37.B　结合空后内容可知,此段主要讲“温锅”的时候,人们通常会带礼物。B项符合语境内容。 38.C　根据文中的“...there isn􀆳t a lot of food served.”可知,此处讲的是人们来参加乔迁派对时也可以带着食物,据此可知C项“你也可以带着食物和饮料与其他客人一同分享”符合语境。 39.A　根据空前的“...people may be asked to help unpack boxes.”可知,此处是在描述派对活动时可能会做的事情,A项“不过这并不常见”是对空前内容的补充。A项中的代词This指代空前的people may be asked to help unpack boxes这种情况。 40.G　此段中的firewood和central heating是答题的关键。这与G项中的keep their home warm for the winter的表述一致。 Passage 32 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个团队的成功与顶尖队员之间的关系。 46.B　本题考查细节句。根据下文提到的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?”可知,B项在句子结构和句意上均与下文吻合。 47.E　本题考查主旨句。根据本段第二句“They focused on football, basketball and baseball.”内容可知,本段讲述天赋在运动中的作用。 48.G　本题考查过渡句。空前一句表明,“为了解释这一现象,研究人员探索了团队队员的协调程度对团队表现的影响”,选项G中的“task interdependence”与空前句中的“coordinate their actions”文意对应,同时,在空格后也多次重现。而G项正好起到承上启下的作用。 所以选G项。 49.D　本题考查段尾句。根据本段空前的句子“There is no I in TEAM.”是人们经常告诉小孩子的话。D项中的this basic principle of sportsmanship正好与这条原则相符。所以选D项。 50.F　本题考查主旨句。本段下文讲述一个优秀的团队需要一种平衡,而不仅仅是顶尖队员。故F项“Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.”可作为本段的主旨句。 Passage 33 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了摇滚乐队“披头士乐队”的组建与流行。 31.C　根据本段的首句“Rock music consists of many different styles.”可知,空处应该与rock music有关,再根据该空后的At that time可知,空处应该有表示时间的结构与之呼应。C项“Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.”满足了这两个条件,所以选C项。 32.B　根据该空上一句“By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.”可知,此处应该讲述那时候乐队受欢迎的情况。B项“Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.”能够承接上文。所以选B项。 33.A　根据该空的下一句“They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.”可知,该空应该讲述the Beatles要去美国巡演,所以选A项。 34.G　根据该空的下一句“The concert was broadcast...”可知,应选G项。 35.E　根据该空的上一句“Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.”可知,披头士乐队为摇滚方面的新人创造了许多机会。E项讲述的许多摇滚乐队能够沿着披头士乐队的足迹走下去,与上一句内容相吻合。所以选E项。 Passage 34 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了呼吸新鲜空气对身体健康的重要性。 36.E　本题考查过渡句。根据空格后面的“the answer is a big YES” 可知该空是一个疑问句,因此答案锁定在B项和E项之间。句意:我们一直听着人们说“出门呼吸一下新鲜空气”长大,但是新鲜空气真的有你妈妈一直说的那么有益吗?根据最近的研究,如果在你露营的区域空气质量好的话,答案是肯定的,故选E项。 37.A　本题考查主旨句。这一空出现在第二段段首,是全段的总起句,后文说到如果空气干净,那么空气中就会充满有活力的氧气,会有更多的氧气输送到肌肉和大脑中,氧气是由肺部吸入的,因此A项中的“lungs”与此段话吻合,故选A项。 38.G　本题考查细节句。本段第一句属于总起句,表明新鲜空气对治疗病人有帮助。G项中的“recovery centers”以及“Healing Gardens”对应该空前面的“healing”和该空后面的“recovery”。 39.C　本题考查总结句。第三段讲的是亲近自然对身体的好处,且后一句话主语是It,C项中的主语“Being in nature”与之相对应。 40.D　本题考查主旨句。第四段讲述空气新鲜的地方阳光更充足。D项中的“sunlight”对应本段中的“the sun􀆳s rays”。 Passage 35 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何激励自己、保持动力、达成目标提出了几点建议。 36.G　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.”以及下文提到的“Like the child on the diving board...”可知,G项可以承接上文。其中motivation和goal为原词复现。 37.B　本题考查过渡句。根据下文提到的“More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?”可知,B项“So how should you motivate yourself?”可承接上下文。 38.A　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“There are times when your heart is not in your work.”可知,A项“This can affect your work.”是上文的结果。 39.E　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“Remember that goals are flexible.”可知,E项“They can change according to circumstances.”是对上文的进一步说明。 40.C　本题考查过渡句。上文提到“个人情况同等重要”,并以因视力差不能达成当飞行员的目标为例子,再结合下文的“你应该重新评估你的目标,并激励自己去设定一个新的目标”可知,C项和上文构成转折关系,同时起到引起下文的作用。 Passage 36 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课教师建立健康有益的互动交流。 36.E　本题考查过渡句。上文提到“在选修网络课程时与授课教师建立健康有益的互动交流非常重要”,结合下面提到的“Do􀆳s”和“Don􀆳ts”可知,E项可承接上下文。 37.G　本题考查主旨句。根据下文的“Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions...”可知,本部分介绍的是问问题,G项中的“Ask questions”为同词复现。 38.A　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“参与讨论论坛、博客和其他开放式对话论坛”可知,A项“这就是他们的目的”可承接上文。 39.C　本题考查细节句。本部分的主题句为“Don􀆳t share personal information or stories.(不要分享个人信息和经历”。C项“如果需要更多的信息,他们会询问”可有效地承接上文。 40.F　本题考查细节句。根据本部分的主题句“不要公开表达对教授或课堂的不满”可知,F项“每个人都曾经上过不太好的课”可以和上文构成因果关系。 Passage 37 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章分析了引起愤怒的原因及应对的方法。 51.F　上文说引起愤怒的原因是多种多样的,知道这些原因有很重要的作用。由“The main reasons we get angry are triggering events,personality traits,and our assessment of situations.”可知,F项“如果我们愿意以批判的眼光来评价我们自己,那么理解这些原因将会有利于控制我们自己的愤怒”,这说明了理解这些原因的重要性。下文则围绕这几个原因加以说明,并给出应对的解决方法,故F项合适。 52.G　根据空后一句“The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one􀆳s personal history and psychological traits.”可知,由于人们的履历和心理素质不同,人们对同一件事的反应是不一样的,故此处说明并非每个人对事件的反应都是相同的,这就是一个人可能会被激怒,而另一个则可能不会的原因,故选G项。 53.E　空前说明易发怒的人往往好竞争,容忍度较低,E选项中these personality traits与上文中的“personality traits”对应,故选E项。 54.A　此处为段落主题句。有时一些日常例行之事也会变成愤怒之源,有时对情境的无知和负面展望也会引发愤怒。该段最后一句中的“ignorance and negative(消极的) outlooks on situations”也是提示,故选A项。 55.D　由后一句中的However转折意义可知,此处说明愤怒是一种强烈的情感,接着话锋一转,说明愤怒可能会变得尤为强烈,所以最好要知道愤怒出现的原因,从而阻止它的发生,故选D项。 Passage 38 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。有些人认为一些不必要的交流会浪费人们的时间,但也有些人认为这是必要的礼节。作者认为这取决于你所面对的对象。 31.D　上文三个Who引导的句子列举了几种浪费别人时间的做法,D项“难道这些人没有意识到他们在浪费你们的时间吗?”可承接上文。 32.A　根据下文的“Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages.”可知,这里谈论的是语音信息,所以A项可引出下文。 33.G　根据下文的“This isn􀆳t the first time technology has changed our manners.”以及下文的“Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, ‘Ahoy!’”可知,G项可起到承上启下的作用。 34.C　上文提到了一些现在人们没有必要问的问题,结合下文的“And when you answer”可知,所填的句子和上文是转折关系,所以选C项。 35.B　根据上文的“Some people,...”可知,B项“Others, like me, want no reply.”可承接上文。 Passage 39 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。乔迁新居是一件令人兴奋的事情,如何在新地区与邻居们友好相处呢?本文介绍了几种让你成为好邻居的方法。 31.G　根据空处的上句“The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.”可知,要做到这一点,最简单的方法就是确保你自己是一个好邻居。结合下文内容可知,G项承上启下,故选G项。 32.F　根据上文的“keep your property (房产) neat,clean,and in good repair”及下文的“you will help to improve the look and feel of the area”,可知此处表示“人们往往以保持街道清新怡人为傲”,故选F项。 33.E　根据上文的“take along a small garbage bag”可知,外出散步最好携带一个小的垃圾袋子,承接前文,此处表示“如果你碰到从一辆飞驰的汽车扔出来的废纸,就把它捡起来”,故选E项。 34.B　根据后文列举的帮助邻居的情况可知,此处表示“一个好邻居也是一个喜欢在小事情上帮助别人的人”,故选B项。 35.C　根据后文的“respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you...that everyone appreciates”可知,做一个人人喜欢的好邻居,你要考虑很多,故C项符合语境。 Passage 40 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍家装设计时如何选择颜色。 36.B　根据上文的三个问句,尤其是“Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?”可知,B项可起到承上启下的作用。其中looking for构成同义复现。 37.A　根据上文提到的“...there have been a number of different techniques...”可知,A项可以承接上文,其中的“all of them”指的就是“a number of different techniques”。 38.D　根据本段最后一句中的“small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable”可知,本段介绍的是小颜色的选择。其中“small color choices”构成原词复现。 39.G　根据本段的第一句可知,本段介绍的是中色选择。根据下文的“They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space”可知,由G项中的“in two major ways”可引出下文。 40.F　上文提到“你房间里的大颜色的决定与墙壁、天花板和地板有关。无论你是在看壁纸还是油漆,投入到这方面的时间、精力和相对费用都是很重要的”。F项可作为本段的总结句。 Passage 41 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。锻炼身体的好处很多,尤其是早上锻炼,会让你一整天都容光焕发。文章主要介绍了锻炼给我们带来的各种好处,最后作者呼吁大家:定好闹钟,早起锻炼吧! 36.G　此句为过渡句,承上启下。根据下文的“Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.”可知,此处要表示“假如你计划定期锻炼,或者现在正在锻炼的话,那么听好了”,故选G项。 37.E　此句为总结句。根据上文可知,此处讲述的是锻炼会使你更加清醒,而E项表示“锻炼之后,你可以保持头脑清醒4至10小时”,与前文相吻合。 38.F　此句为段中承上启下的过渡句。根据本段开头提到的“Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.”以及后面的“...getting the calorie(卡路里) burning”可知,此处表示“锻炼之后,在一整天里你都会继续燃烧卡路里”,故选F项。 39.B　此句为主题句。根据后文可知,研究表明,早起锻炼的人的睡眠质量要好于晚上锻炼的。故此处是指“你的睡眠质量会提高”,故选B项。 40.A　此句为主题句。根据后文可知,如果你早上锻炼的话,你更可能一整天都保持健康的饮食习惯。此处表示“会让你坚持自己的饮食习惯”,故选A项。 Passage 42 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。舞蹈的历史比人类创造的文字还要早。热爱舞蹈吧,它给你带来的好处超乎想象。 36.B　由后文提到的不同跳舞地点和场合可知,答案为B项,强调在美国舞蹈无处不在。 37.D　由上文的“Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.”可知,Bridges举办的舞蹈培训班中各个年龄段的学员都有,所以选D项,其中提到“My older students”,与前后文一致。 38.A　后文通过一对年轻夫妇为例来说明跳舞的好处,所以答案为A项,采用一问一答的形式。 39.F　由上文“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知,这对夫妻来学舞蹈的时候情绪低落,跳完舞后却带着笑容离开,这说明舞蹈可以改变人的心情,所以答案为F项。 40.E　由后文“I find it hard to stop!”可知,Andrea Hillier发现舞蹈一旦跳起来就很难停下来,和选项E中的“I keep practicing”相一致,表示即便是很累的时候也不愿停下来。 Passage 43 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。每种动物都需要睡眠,但是原因一直不是很清楚。一种理论认为,睡眠能增强记忆力。 71.C　上文提到,实验室的老鼠如果不睡觉,一个月内它们就会死掉。同样,如果人类好几天不睡觉,就会生病,故选C项。 72.E　上文提到睡眠能增强记忆力,这就说明了为什么学生在学完后如果能睡一段时间,他们就能在考试中发挥得更好。前后为因果关系。选项中的“That􀆳s why...”正好对应空前句中的“One idea...”。 73.F　选项中的“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”这个说法与上文内容正好吻合,且根据下文的“he is right”可知此处应提到一个人。故选F项。 74.G　根据下文的“synapses in the mice”可知,此处介绍的是通过测量十二只老鼠的大脑中的突触的大小来印证Tononi的说法是正确的。 75.B　根据上下文内容可知,人的大脑似乎能保存下最重要的记忆。下文出现的matters是动词,意为“重要,要紧”,与B项中的“most important memories”相对应。 Passage 44 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者给出几种方法帮助记忆阅读过的内容,包括扫清生词障碍,将所读到的内容与已有知识建立联系,把自己置身于情节之中和经常性阅读。 31.D　该空白后的内容为:你可能刚刚读过某篇文章,但却对文章所传达的思想、概念以及形象等一片茫然。接下来作者给出了几条能记住所读内容的方法。D项说明了阅读有时很让人棘手,与空白后所表述含义一致,故为正确选项。 32.A　本段主要说明能记住所读内容的前提是读懂,这就需要首先通过查字典等办法扫清生词障碍。由confusing及don􀆳t understand等词可推知答案为A项。 33.F　该空白后的内容为将正在阅读的内容与已有知识之间建立联系。有些书的内容会让你立即产生这种联想,因此推断该空白处的内容也是与建立联系有关,F项与上下文顺畅连接。另外other books也与空白前的some books相对应。 理清逻辑关系,抓住事实细节 细节句出现在段落的内部,通常考查的是段落内的句子之间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。如:条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的等关系。 作答时一定要抓住文章的事实细节,理清句子之间的逻辑关系,并根据其逻辑关系来确定最佳选项。 34.G　本段给出的方法是要求读者能全身心投入到所读内容中去,列举了狄更斯的例子旨在说明这种方法的可行性,因此读者也可以使用这种方法记住所读内容,G项符合文意。 35.B　空白前提到了将阅读作为一种日常活动,空白处则说明了这样做的好处。由此可推知,该空白处内容与经常阅读相关,B项(熟能生巧)符合语境。 Passage 45 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了应如何进行街道采访。作者针对采访要提问的问题、采访的时间、采访的人数、采访的方式等方面提出了一些建议。 31.D　根据后面的But以及can be easy可知,这里要填的句子表示街道采访对新记者来说有一定的难度,故选D项。D项的意思是:对新记者而言,这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务。 表示逻辑关系的词语 表示例证关系的词语:for example,for instance,such as,like等。 表示转折关系的连接词:however(然而);nevertheless(然而,不过);still(还,然而);though(可是,不过,然而);yet(然而);on the contrary(正相反);in contrast(与此相反,相比之下);in comparison(比较起来,相比较);by comparison(相比之下)等。 表示因果关系的有:as a result(结果);thus/therefore(因此);so(such)...that(如此……以至于)等。 　　表示递进关系的连接词或词组有:also(也,而且);further(另外的);furthermore(而且,此外);likewise(同样地,也);similarly(相似地,类似地);moreover(而且,再者,此外);in addition(另外,加之);what􀆳s more(更重要的是);not only...but also(不但……而且……)等。 表示并列关系的有:first(首先,第一),second(第二),third(第三);firstly(第一,首先),secondly(第二,其次),thirdly(第三);first(第一),next(其次),then(那么,然后);in the first place(第一,首先),in the second place(第二,其次);for one thing(首先,一则),for another(其次);to begin with(首先,第一);to conclude(最后)等。 32.G　上一句是一个问题,这与G项中的a question like this相呼应。G项的意思是:提出了这样一个问题,你得到的回答就不只是“是”或者“不是”了,你会获得更多的信息。 33.B　本段主要介绍了采访时的态度,要礼貌而自信。从后面的“Excuse me...I was wondering if you could...”可知,记者在街头采访时要非常礼貌,故选B项。 34.A　根据后面的shouldn􀆳t be longer than ten minutes可知,这里指要把握好采访的时间。因此选A项。 35.F　前文说,进行6至10人的采访比较保险,F项中的That number正好与之呼应,意思是采访这么多人足以使你得到所有你想要的答案。 Passage 46 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己从一开始不喜欢露营,到最后爱上了露营的经历。作者认为每个人都会发现自己回归自然的方式并建议人们寻找自己的方式。 36.D　上文提到在作者看来,露营者是喜欢被虫咬、吃做得很糟糕的饭和睡不舒服的睡袋的人,这些人和他没有共同之处。由此可知,所填的句子和上文有转折关系,D项符合上下文语境。 37.C　根据上文的“The friends who introduced me to camping...”和下文的“We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower...”可知,C项符合语境。 38.A　根据上文的“We slept in a tent...”和下文的“Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.”可知,作者这次睡的不是帐篷。A项“这次没有帐篷”与上下文语境一致。 39.F　根据“We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer...”可知,F项“那次旅行后,我们一家人对露营产生了浓厚的兴趣”是这样做的原因。 40.E　根据下文的“It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.”可知,这是作者从自己的经历做出的推测,因此E项“我必须说我肯定开始喜欢露营了”符合语境。 Passage 47 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。工作时被来访客人打扰是非常令人棘手的问题,本文介绍了应付被打扰的情况的几种办法。 36.B　前文说,在你努力地完成工作时,被打扰是最坏的事情之一。后文说,下文就是解决这类问题的办法。分析句子结构可知,这里需要填写一个状语从句,结合前面的提示词Interruptions 可知选B项。B项起到了承上启下的连接作用。 借助前后语境,巧妙破解过渡 过渡句一般在文中起到承上启下的作用,通常有两种:一种是段落内部的过渡句;另一种是段落之间的过渡句。由于过渡常常用在意思转折比较大的段与段或句与句之间,如两个不同的事件、两种不同的内容、两个不同的场面等,因此,作答时一定要注意空格前后的语境,借助上下文的语境就可准确地选出过渡句。 37.A　从后面的“Tell the person you􀆳re sorry and explain that...”可知,作者鼓励人们拒绝这种打扰,因此选A项,如果你忙,不要因为拒绝而感到为难。 38.E　上文说,当人们试图打扰你工作的时候,你要定下时间计划,让他们知道在规定的时间回来找你或者你去找他们。下文说,这能帮助消除以后他们的打扰。因此这里应该是,让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要。故E项正确。 39.D　前文说,如果你需要和某人谈话,别在你自己的办公室里。所以选D项,意思是:如果你在别人的办公室里或者在一个公共场所,那就更容易脱身。 40.G　前文说,如果你的办公室有门,要好好利用它。由后文的解释可知这里是说,你有空的时候把门敞开,你没空的时候就把门关上。因此G项正确。 Passage 48 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍早上容易醒来的关键在于重新调整生物钟,对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。然后讲述了制定规划的几种方法。 36.C　此句为过渡句。承上启下,根据下文“Here􀆳s how to make one.”可知,此处表示对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。one相当于上文的a better plan。 37.B　此句为主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Rethink mornings.”相一致,然后根据下文内容“你是为了起床和家庭共进早餐、晨练,还是为了更好地休息,为一天做好准备?一旦明确了你的理由,告诉你的家人或室友你想要做的改变”可知,此处应为B项。 整体把握段落,确定主旨标题 文章的主题段通常在文章的开头,旨在概括文章的主旨。主题句一般出现在第一段的开头,但也有可能出现在句中或句末,其作用是交代该段的中心思想,然后再展开讨论这个主题。七选五中对主题句的考查可以是整篇文章的主旨句,也可以是段落的标题句。从设空的位置来看,一般是在段落的第一句或最后一句。 作答时,首先阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,然后从整体上把握段落,确定主旨标题。 38.G　此句为过渡句。根据下文“That􀆳s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.”可知,重新考虑排队等待咖啡的15分钟时间,如果你买一个定时咖啡壶,你就可以多享受15分钟的睡眠了。 39.F　此句为概括句。根据上文可知,周六美美地补一觉是不错,但研究表明,这样会影响下周的睡眠。因此,不管白天是否休息,都要遵守你的作息时间。 40.E　此句为过渡句。根据下文“If not,take another look at other methods you could try.”可知,尝试了一种新方法一周后,查看一下记录,如果起作用就坚持,不起作用就另寻他法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$