专题1 阅读理解·四选一-【十年高考】备战2026年高考英语真题分类解析与应试策略（Word版）

专题一　阅读理解·四选一 　　高考英语阅读理解侧重考查考生对语篇的整体理解能力和基本的阅读技能,同时还考查考生的快速阅读能力、跨文化交际意识和阅读策略等。该部分要求考生读懂选自英语原版书籍、报纸和杂志(含网络版)的关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。文体包括记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。 本题型要求考生根据所提供的4篇短文内容(总共不少于900词),从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。该题型命题角度灵活,但归纳起来主要考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题四个方面。 2016~2025高考阅读理解考情一览表 年份 体裁 命题角度 2016~2020 21 32 66 25 280 187 31 57 2021 6 7 10 3 55 34 6 9 2022 6 5 12 3 47 42 7 8 2023 5 5 13 1 47 34 5 8 2024 4 2 7 3 22 28 4 5 2025 3 2 4 1 18 18 3 5 合计 45 53 112 36 469 343 56 92 命题热度 本专题命题热度非常高() 课程标准 备考策略 1.能判断和识别书面语篇的意图,获取其中的重要信息和观点;能识别语篇中的主要事实与观点之间的逻辑关系,理解语篇反映的文化背景;能推断语篇中的隐含意义。 2.能识别语篇中的内容要点和相应支撑论据;能根据定义线索,理解概念性词汇或术语;能理解文本信息与非文本信息的关系。 3.能在语境中理解具体词语的功能、词语的内涵和外延以及使用者的意图和态度;能理解语篇中特定语言的使用意图以及语言在反映情感、态度和价值观中所起的作用。 4.能根据所学的概念性词语,从不同角度思考和认识周围世界;能识别语篇间接反映或隐含的社会文化现象。 1.扩充词汇储备。词汇量是影响理解与阅读速度的关键因素,是提升阅读能力的基石。词汇涵盖单词、固定短语、习惯用语、谚语、俗语、流行语等,且部分词汇在不同语境下意义大相径庭。只有在阅读的上下文语境中,生词的含义才能完整呈现,更易于识记、理解和掌握。 2.强化阅读技能训练。针对难度较大的推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题以及理解文章基本结构、作者意图、观点和态度的题目,要运用恰当策略,对各类阅读技能进行强化训练。 3.提升快速阅读能力。在日常练习中,考生应有意识地提升阅读速度,具体方法包括限时阅读与定量阅读相结合,从而在考试中更从容地应对大量阅读内容。 4.注重文化意识培养。在语篇阅读中,深入领略英语国家的文化精髓,积累丰富的西方文化背景知识,陶冶自身情操,更精准地把握作者意图与文章内涵。 考点1生活与学习答案P287　 　　Passage 1 (2025·全国新高考1,B,10分,难度★★★) In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A􀆳s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who􀆳d created these people,knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay,which was about the question:“Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page,and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis(论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn􀆳t strike them as important.This would have to change. As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However,my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing􀆳s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people,to put us in another􀆳s skin,to teach us what it means to be human. 24.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? 　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　 A.Ninth graders. B.Students􀆳 parents. C.Modern writers. D.Fictional characters. 25.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A.They were not given enough time. B.They had a very limited vocabulary. C.They misunderstood the question. D.They had little interest in the topic. 26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. 27.What does the author􀆳s experience show? A.Teaching is learning. B.Still waters run deep. C.Knowledge is power. D.Practice makes perfect. 　　Passage 2 (2025·全国新高考2,B,10分,难度★★★) Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children􀆳s Hospital Stanford(LPCH).“Sometimes I don􀆳t like saying that I􀆳m a teacher,” says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that􀆳s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386,where each year,about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents,doctors,and medical procedures.It􀆳s a place of learning.About half of Ho􀆳s students stay for a week or less;others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho􀆳s students will recover,which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still,in room 386,academics don􀆳t come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you􀆳re scared about something and thinking only about that,there􀆳s no way you􀆳re going to be able to learn,” Ho says.“I􀆳m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that􀆳s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho􀆳s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don􀆳t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says.“They think their teachers don􀆳t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(同龄人)outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good,director of pain management services at LPCH.“It􀆳s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 24.Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A.Sick children. B.Young nurses. C.Medical students. D.Patients􀆳 parents. 25.What is a characteristic of Ho􀆳s job? A.Prioritizing academics. B.Encouraging innovation. C.Treating various diseases. D.Playing multiple roles. 26.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 27.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A.It eases peer pressure. B.It helps them live in hope. C.It frees them from aches. D.It entertains them with stories. 　　Passage 3 (2025·全国新高考2,C,10分,难度★★★) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants,she didn􀆳t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened:She was flooded,shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.In the past year,Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants.Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth,a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol,the stress hormone(激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you􀆳re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants,don􀆳t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn􀆳t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.Be invested in taking care of it,but if it dies,go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28.How was Detrinidad􀆳s business when it started? A.It faced tough competition. B.It suffered a great loss. C.It got lots of financial support. D.It went surprisingly well. 29.What is one of Knuth􀆳s findings about plants? A.They appeal more to students. B.They purify the environment. C.They raise the cortisol level. D.They enhance productivity. 30.What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A.The necessity of social skills. B.The meaning of sustainability. C.The importance of repeated efforts. D.The value of professional opinions. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Time to Replace Houseplants B.Plants Boost Your Mood C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants D.Plants Brighten Your Home 　　Passage 4 (2025·北京,A,6分,难度★★) Join us for TransForm,the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others. Experience TransForm TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks,hands-on workshops,and off-site experiences.However,if you are unsure what track you want,you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops.Besides,your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science. Schedule of Programming 17 July Time　　　　　　　　　　　Activities 14:00-15:00　　　　　　Lead to Change Kick-off 15:00-16:30　　　　　　Programme Showcase 16:30-18:00　　　　　　Track Workshops 18 July Time　　　　　　　　　　　Activities 9:30-11:00　　　　　　Career Fireside Chats 13:00-14:15　　　　　　Youth Panel 14:15-16:20　　　　　　Track Keynotes 19 July Time　　　　　　　　　　　Activities 8:00-12:00　　　　　　Off-site Experiences 13:00-15:00　　　　　　Gallery Viewing 15:15-16:45　　　　　　Adult Workshops 20 July Time　　　　　　　　　　　Activities 9:00-11:15　　　　　　Explore Workshops 13:30-16:00　　　　　　Keynote Speech 16:15-17:00　　　　　　Celebration 　　Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science:Introducing you to areas such as biology,urban farming,and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster:Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living:Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being,and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab:Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science,robotics,and physics 21.TransForm allows the teens to 　　　.  A.select workshops for their parents B.prepare track topics for the camp C.design programme activities D.attend hands-on sessions 22.According to the schedule,which activity can the teens participate in? A.Keynote Speech on 17 July. B.Youth Panel on 18 July. C.Celebration on 19 July. D.Programme Showcase on 20 July. 23.What can the teens do in the programming tracks? A.Build urban communities. B.Serve as guides on a farm. C.Learn about healthy living. D.Volunteer in a science lab. 　　Passage 5 (2025·北京,B,8分,难度★★★) Throughout our junior year,my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay.Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious(神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. My first step of redefining success began with course registrations.It is a well-known fact,especially in my school,that junior year is the time of packing many AP classes into the schedule.When asked why they chose so many AP classes,my friends responded:“I don􀆳t know.” They themselves don􀆳t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty.Therefore,they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities.Determined to follow my instincts(本能) on what I felt success means,I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy.The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success;after I take a step back and look at the big picture,I see them as a launching pad(平台) for my next big achievement.In the ninth grade,I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl.Not standing a chance against competitive applicants,I came out of the interview with an upset look.Nevertheless,this interview wasn􀆳t a wasted opportunity.I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself. This year,with an open mind and new knowledge in mind,I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior.I managed to secure a leadership position.Ultimately,success came little by little. 24.Throughout the junior year,what was the author􀆳s major concern? A.Pressure from choosing AP classes. B.Performance in group interviews. C.Competition with seniors. D.Recognition by colleges. 25.The author chose fewer AP classes because of 　　　.  A.her own understanding of success B.her desire for academic challenges C.her strong urge to follow the crowd D.her dream of entering a top university 26.Which would best describe the author􀆳s first group interview? A.Dignifying. B.Rewarding. C.Engaging. D.Relaxing. 27.What can we learn from this passage? A.Everyone is the maker of their own success. B.Success favours those with a golden heart. C.Success knocks at your door only once. D.A college holds the key to success. 　　Passage 6 (2025·北京,C,6分,难度★★★★) Not too long ago,on a cold winter night,there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no.The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll(翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes.The parent argued that none of her friends􀆳 parents let them have screens after 9 o􀆳clock.“I thought,in this family,we don􀆳t compare ourselves with other people,Dad?”the teenager replied.The parent—who was me,by the way—just got served.Since they were young,I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people.I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn􀆳t win,she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.In my defence,I did what we􀆳ve all done before,which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.But now is the time to set the record straight,which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparisons are unhealthy. Social comparisons do,of course,often get us into emotional trouble.But they can be harnessed(利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work.The social comparisons we make—ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves—are vital to our ability to thrive(成长).Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don􀆳t,or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation,for example,“If they can achieve that,so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances,or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views—for example,“Wow,things could be much worse;I􀆳m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances.How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison.That􀆳s something we all have control over. 28.How did the author feel about his daughter􀆳s argument? A.Excited. B.Inspired. C.Energized. D.Relieved. 29.What does the word “nuances” underlined in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.Major achievements. B.Complex feelings. C.Significant impacts. D.Fine differences. 30.Which would be the best title for the passage? A.Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B.Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C.Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D.Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 　　Passage 7 (2024·全国新高考1,C,10分,难度★★★★) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper?And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it􀆳s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.  The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper􀆳s physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands,along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they􀆳ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis(假说).” According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn􀆳t assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words. 28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. 29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. C.People select digital texts randomly. D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A.They can hold students􀆳 attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare. C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text. 31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 　　Passage 8 (2024·北京,A,6分,难度★★★) The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week.Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective.Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video Sign up! The sign-up and registration process is as follows: •Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning. •Based on the information entered by each student,potential pairs are identified. •Proficiency (熟练) levels are confirmed through coursework or placement tests. •Once a pair has been determined to be suitable,the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme. Reminders: Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and participate.Pairs are matched by languages of interest and proficiency levels.Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process,not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 21.In the programme,students will 　　　　　.  A.chair daily meetings B.evaluate the exchange C.meet teachers each week D.practise their language skills 22.To complete the programme,students are required to 　　　　　.  A.development tests B.participate in pair meetings C.welcome new students D.work on weekly videos 23.What do students need to do during the registration? A.Indicate their languages of interest. B.Select their own coursework. C.Make individual contact. D.Choose their partners. 　　Passage 9 (2024·北京,B,8分,难度★★★) When I was a little girl,I liked drawing,freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home.In primary school,I learned to write using chalks.Writing seemed to be another form of drawing.I shaped individual letters into repeating lines,which were abstract forms,delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school,art was my favourite subject.Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it.For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting.I found it difficult,but still hoped to pass.I failed,with a low grade.I􀆳d been over-confident.Now I􀆳d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open:I went on writing poems and stories.Still,I went to exhibitions often.I continued my habitual drawing,which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画).In my 30s,I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.However,I couldn􀆳t let myself have a go at actually doing it.Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints,or were printmakers or sculptors,I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn􀆳t allowed to practice. One night,in my early 40s,I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me,handed me a bag of paints,and told me to start painting.The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me.It was a form of energy,giving me back something I􀆳d lost.Accordingly,I started by experimenting with water colours.Finally,I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints,I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink.I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends.It all feels free and easy.Un-anxious.This time around,I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute.I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 24.How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A.Scared. B.Worried. C.Discouraged. D.Wronged. 25.In her 30s,the author 　　　　　.  A.avoided oil painting practice B.sought for a painting career C.fancied abstract painting D.exhibited child paintings 26.Which word would best describe the author􀆳s dream? A.Confusing. B.Empowering. C.Disturbing. D.Entertaining. 27.What can we learn from this passage? A.Actions speak louder than words. B.Hard work is the mother of success. C.Dreams are the reflections of realities. D.Creative activities involve being confident. 　　Passage 10 (2023·全国新高考2,B,10分,难度★★) Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo􀆳s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts􀆳 classes,at two middle schools and two high schools,include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed dissection,tastings of fresh or dried produce,and work in the garden.Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they􀆳re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program􀆳s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo􀆳s special education students,many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside,” she says,“and they feel successful.” 24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A.She used to be a health worker. B.She grew up in a low-income family. C.She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A.The kids􀆳 parents distrusted her. B.Students had little time for her classes. C.Some kids disliked garden work. D.There was no space for school gardens. 26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable. C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Rescuing School Gardens B.Experiencing Country Life C.Growing Vegetable Lovers D.Changing Local Landscape 　　Passage 11 (2023·北京,A,6分,难度★★) The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good. To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint(冲刺). 4-Week Learning Sprint The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task. The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28. After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. Requirements for the Applicants •You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint. •You have completed your high school studies. •You have at least one year of work experience. •You have strong public speaking skills. •You are self-motivated and committed. •You are passionate about creating positive change in your community. •You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴). •You are able to work with people from different backgrounds. 21.In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will 　　　　.  A.create change in their community B.attend a virtual learning programme C.meet people from different backgrounds D.promote the IOC Young Leaders project 22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to 　　　　.  A.complete a reflection task each week B.watch sports on the IOC channel C.work on a sport-based project D.coach and advise their peers 23.Which is a requirement for the applicants? A.Spreading the message of sport for good. B.Having at least one-year work experience. C.Showing great passion for project planning. D.Committing themselves to becoming an expert. 　　Passage 12 (2023·天津,A,难度★★★) Welcome to UCLA Exchange Program! Let􀆳s get started by checking out Student Guide for your academic journey! Signing up for ESL (English as a Second Language) ESL courses are designed to help international students improve academic English language skills.Enrollment (课程注册) priority is given to degree students.If space is available,you may enroll.You will then be asked to take an ESL Placement Test.The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you. Changing Your Course Enrollment List You may change your class schedule during the first two weeks of the term by adding or dropping courses from your enrollment list.After the second week of classes,there will be a charge for each schedule change.Students often attend classes in which they are not enrolled on the first day of instruction to try adding this new course to the list,as other students may have dropped it. Withdrawing from Courses If you choose to drop a course,you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule.If you forget to officially drop that course,a “F” (Fail) grade will be registered on your record at the end of the term.If,at a later date,you wish to apply for a job or graduate school where an official copy of your UCLA record is required,it will be to your advantage to provide an impressive academic record. Taking Exams Some instructors choose to put previous test papers on library reserve,making them available to all students.These exams,which students commonly use for practice,can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material.You can also access the exams online. 34.Exchange students can enroll in the ESL course if they 　　　　　.  A.have done well in the placement test B.are asked to improve their English skills C.find a vacancy after degree students􀆳 enrollment D.have completed UCLA􀆳s registration procedures 35.An ESL Placement Test is aimed to 　　　　　.  A.improve the students􀆳 language skills B.encourage the students to answer questions C.put the students in a class that fits them D.help the students apply for a degree 36.What is the deadline for a free enrollment list change? A.The day when the class is full. B.The first day of instruction. C.The first week of the class. D.The end of the second week. 37.What should exchange students do if they choose to stop taking a course? A.Seek assistance from UCLA officials. B.Go through the procedures to drop it. C.Present past academic records to UCLA. D.Make a request to the Registration Office. 38.Working on previous tests helps students 　　　　　.  A.imitate the way that their instructors write test questions B.learn how questions are asked and what they are based on C.come up with new ideas about how testing relates to teaching D.narrow down to what has not yet been covered in online tests 　　Passage 13 (2023·全国甲,A,6分,难度★★) Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers.It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining,Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences.It􀆳s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world􀆳s 50 best restaurants list.Head Chef David Thompson,who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai Chef Ian Kittichai􀆳s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo.lan Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok􀆳s culinary scene since it opened in 2009.Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere,the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine􀆳s roots,yet still manages to add a special twist.This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food.For those extremely hungry,there􀆳s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia􀆳s 50 best restaurants” list,progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years.The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen,where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.Culinary theater at its best. 21.What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A.They adopt modern cooking methods. B.They have branches in London. C.They have top-class chefs. D.They are based in hotels. 22.Which restaurant offers a large set menu? 　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　 A.Gaggan. B.Bo.lan. C.Issaya Siamese Club. D.Nahm. 23.What is special about Gaggan? A.It hires staff from India. B.It puts on a play every day. C.It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D.It shows the cooking process to guests. 　　Passage 14 (2023·全国乙,C,8分,难度★★★) What comes into your mind when you think of British food?Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is British food really so uninteresting?Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine,it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It􀆳s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain􀆳s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts,1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料)than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills,and young people are also getting more interested in cooking.The UK􀆳s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling.Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it􀆳s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 28.What do people usually think of British food? A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition. C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation. 29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV? A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential. 30.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%. 31.What might the author continue talking about? A.The art of cooking in other countries. B.Male chefs on TV programmes. C.Table manners in the UK. D.Studies of big eaters. 　　Passage 15 (2022·全国新高考1,A,7.5分,难度★★) Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业) during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class􀆳 lecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 21.Where is this text probably taken from? A.A textbook. B.An exam paper. C.A course plan. D.An academic article. 22.How many parts is a student􀆳s final grade made up of? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five. 23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A.You will receive a zero. B.You will lose a letter grade. C.You will be given a test. D.You will have to rewrite it. 　　Passage 16 (2022·全国新高考1,D,10分,难度★★★★) Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m”and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world􀆳s languages. More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Dami􀅡n Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn􀆳t have to do as much work and so didn􀆳t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran,a member of the research team. 32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami􀅡n Blasi􀆳s research focus on? A.Its variety. B.Its distribution. C.Its quantity. D.Its development. 33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B.They could not open and close their lips easily. C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Supporting evidence for the research results. B.Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. 35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings. 　　Passage 17 (2022·全国新高考2,A,7.5分,难度★) Children􀆳s Discovery Museum General Information about Group Play Pricing Group Play　　　$7/person Scholarships We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability.Participation in a post-visit survey is required. Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation.Transportation invoices(发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship. Group Size We require one chaperone(监护人) per ten children.Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people.For groups of 35 or more,please call to discuss options. Hours The Museum is open daily from 9:30 a.m.to 4:30 p.m. Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open. Registration Policy Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance. Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options. Once the registration form is received and processed,we will send a confirmation email within two business days. Guidelines ●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. ●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum. ●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits. ●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum. 21.What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship? A.Prepay the admission fees. B.Use the Museum􀆳s transportation. C.Take a survey after the visit. D.Schedule their visit on weekdays. 22.How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four. 23.What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum? A.Using the computer. B.Talking with each other. C.Touching the exhibits. D.Exploring the place alone. 　　Passage 18 (2022·全国新高考2,B,10分,难度★★★) We journalists live in a new age of storytelling,with many new multimedia tools.Many young people don􀆳t even realize it􀆳s new.For them,it􀆳s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.I had brought a children􀆳s book to read.It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.  Picture this:my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read,he reaches out and pokes(戳) the page with his finger. What􀆳s up with that?He just likes the pictures,I thought.Then I turned the page and continued.He poked the page even harder.I nearly dropped the book.I was confused:Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening.He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry,kid.This book is not part of your high-tech world.It􀆳s an outdated,lifeless thing.An antique,like your grandfather.Well,I may be old,but I􀆳m not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.I􀆳ve even built websites. There􀆳s one notable gap in my new-media experience,however:I􀆳ve spent little time in front of a camera,since I have a face made for radio.But that didn􀆳t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway,grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head.But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. 24.What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A.Provided shelter for me. B.Became very clear to me. C.Took the pressure off me. D.Worked quite well on me. 25.Why did the kid poke the storybook? A.He took it for a tablet computer. B.He disliked the colorful pictures. C.He was angry with his grandpa. D.He wanted to read it by himself. 26.What does the author think of himself? A.Socially ambitious. B.Physically attractive. C.Financially independent. D.Digitally competent. 27.What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A.He lacks experience in his job. B.He seldom appears on television. C.He manages a video department. D.He often interviews internet stars. 　　Passage 19 (2022·北京,A,6分,难度★) Peer(同伴) Assisted Study Sessions(PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled(注册) in most core units of study in our business school. PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets,based around a unit of study you􀆳re enrolled in. PASS doesn􀆳t re-teach or deliver new content.It􀆳s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems. You work interactively with your peers.As a peer group,you decide what is covered in each session.That way,PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback. Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 a.m.,21 September 2022. Waiting lists If a session is full,you can register for the waiting list.We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held. When you are placed on a waiting list,we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list.If you are close to the front of the list,you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future. Deregistering If you miss two PASS sessions in a row,you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list.Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance. You􀆳ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions.If you believe you have received the email in error,email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs.edu. 21.In PASS,students 　　　　.  A.attend new lectures B.decide their own schedules C.prepare problem sets in groups D.use their skills to solve problems 22.What can students do if a session is full? A.Fill in the attendance sheet. B.Sign up for the waiting list. C.Report their needs and feedback. D.Email the office their numbers on the list. 23.Students will be deregistered if 　　　　.  A.they send emails in error B.they fail to work interactively C.they give their places to others D.they miss two sessions in a row 　　Passage 20 (2022·天津,A,12.5分,难度★★) Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes.For most students, it􀆳s the first time they􀆳re living away from home and managing their own life.Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging.The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. Goal setting When setting goals, whether they􀆳re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do.Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success. Interpersonal skills At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others.Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them.If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else􀆳s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence. Studying With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you􀆳re required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts.To be successful in college you􀆳ll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers.Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule. Budgeting Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time.Start by estimating your financial balance.Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs.Don􀆳t forget about savings...and the fun stuff (movies, dinners out), too. 36.Who is this passage most probably written for? A.College teachers. B.University graduates. C.High school teachers. D.Would-be college students. 37.What is the author􀆳s suggestion for reaching a huge goal? A.Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones. B.Reward oneself for each goal one has set. C.Purchase a clear, updated roadmap. D.Push oneself to an upper level. 38.One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to 　　　　.  A.prepare complicated questions B.try on someone else􀆳s shoes C.listen to others carefully D.take advantage of others 39.What is the key to successful college study according to the author? A.Being well-organized. B.Being well-informed. C.Effective reading skills. D.Reliable research methods. 40.To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is 　　　　.  A.save money for financial investment B.estimate one􀆳s income and expenses C.set aside money for fun activities D.open a personal bank account 　　Passage 21 (2022·全国乙,D,8分,难度★★★★) The Government􀆳s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).It is believed that today􀆳s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.However,data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers􀆳 efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content. However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today􀆳s figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,and the industry is playing its part. 32.Why was the sugar tax introduced? A.To collect money for schools. B.To improve the quality of drinks. C.To protect children􀆳s health. D.To encourage research in education. 33.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A.They turned to overseas markets. B.They raised the prices of their products. C.They cut down on their production. D.They reduced their products􀆳 sugar content. 34.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk-based drinks. C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke. 35.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A.It is a short-sighted decision. B.It is a success story. C.It benefits manufacturers. D.It upsets customers. 　　Passage 22 (2021·天津,A,12.5分,难度★★) When starting college,most students enjoy a week􀆳s stay on campus before classes actually begin.What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease(使熟悉) yourself into college life. Participating in Campus Welcome Activities Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins,including freshmen orientations(迎新会),campus picnics,and entertainments like concerts. Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fun? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom. Exploring Campus Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center,psychological services,and the tutoring center—will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier,because you won􀆳t have to look for them while still getting used to your classes. Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held.This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes,and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place.If you􀆳re worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings,a quick test run won􀆳t hurt.That way,you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes. Starting a Routine Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week,remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up.Starting classes means being in different places at different times,so it􀆳s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week. What helps you most is to schedule your sleep.Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake. If you have other daily routines,such as exercising or talking on the phone with family,work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule. 36.By participating in campus welcome activities,freshmen can 　　　　　.  A.learn about campus culture B.get their course schedule C.have a physical examination D.take an entrance test 37.Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings? A.To see how many facilities they can use. B.To avoid being late for future classes. C.To help those getting lost on campus. D.To practice running on their way to class. 38.When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine? A.On the first day of their classes. B.Before the orientation week. C.After their first-day classes. D.During the orientation week. 39.What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class? A.Take physical exercise before class. B.Leave their phones powered off. C.Take early classes every day. D.Keep to the sleep schedule. 40.What is the author􀆳s purpose in writing this passage? A.To offer some tips on making an easier start at college. B.To remind freshmen about the first day of school. C.To help freshmen organize campus activities. D.To share his college experience with the reader. 　　Passage 23 (2021·全国甲,C,8分,难度★★★) When I was 9,we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,London on a gray January morning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made a discovery. Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don􀆳t worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up:Safe,man.Safe.A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that􀆳s what mattered — landing tricks,being a good skater.  When I was 15,my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there,but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years,I􀆳d given it up. When I returned to London in 2004,I found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there.I􀆳ve traveled back several times since,most recently this past spring.The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving(穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards,I found my way to the beam.Then a rail-thin teenager,in a baggy white T-shirt,skidded(滑) up to the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.“I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him.Then,slowly,he began to nod his head.“Safe,man.Safe.” “Yeah,” I said.“Safe.” 28.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London? A.He felt disappointed. B.He gave up his hobby. C.He liked the weather there. D.He had disagreements with his family. 29.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean? 　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　 A.Be careful! B.Well done! C.No way! D.Don􀆳t worry! 30.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London? A.To join the skateboarding. B.To make new friends. C.To learn more tricks. D.To relive his childhood days. 31.What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A.Children should learn a second language. B.Sport is necessary for children􀆳s health. C.Children need a sense of belonging. D.Seeing the world is a must for children. 　　Passage 24 (讲解 2020·北京,A,6分,难度★★) Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers.We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible.With advice from AI specialists,art designers and culture researchers,our multi-language experts endow(赋予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning.Our courses,totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages,guarantee you language skills you can use right away. At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers.Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently,so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it.The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever.We work directly for our learners,not for any third party.And it􀆳s all supported by an efficient customer service team,available through telephone,email and online chat. Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language.Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type.Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language,building on grammar and words you already know.Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best.You will,find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom. Choose Your Subscription and Get Started 1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months $12.95/m $8.95/m $7.45/m $6.95/m 　　Buy with confidence:21-day money back guarantee! If you aren􀆳t satisfied,just write to Customer Service within 21 days. Contact & Support:customerservice@lancom.com 31.Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? A.Culture researchers. B.AI specialists. C.Language experts. D.Art designers. 32.What lies at the core of the Lancom app? A.A flexible system. B.An effective method. C.The brain-training technique. D.The informative content. 33.Lancom claims that it is unique in its 　　　　.  A.personalised courses B.multiple languages C.pricing policy D.service team Passage 25 (讲解 2020·天津,A,12.5分,难度★★) How to Use a Modern Public Library Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library?If so,you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.It􀆳s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books.They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge,meet interesting people,or find out how to start a business. Check out a book.While libraries still loan out(出借) books,you􀆳ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you􀆳re looking for,thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.Via such networks,libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles.Once the book you􀆳ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch,they will inform you by e-mail,so you can pick it up. Check out other items.The library is now a multimedia zone,loaded with information in many formats(载体形式).You can borrow movies on DVDs,music on CDs,and popular magazines.Some libraries even loan out toys and games.If a popular magazine you want isn􀆳t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests,they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. Join targeted reading groups.Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups.Perhaps you􀆳d like to learn a language or improve your English.The library may sponsor a language group you could join.If you have difficulties reading,ask about special reading opportunities.Your library might be able to accommodate you.And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. Start a business using the help of your local library.If you want to have a business of your own,your local library can become a launch space for it.In library books and computers,you can find information on starting a business.Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce(商会) and government agencies,and they will offer printing,faxing and database services you need. 36.Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by 　　　.  A.sharing their books on the Internet B.giving access to online reading at a library branch C.sending a needed book to a library branch nearby D.making the checkout procedures diverse 37.According to Paragraph 3,what items may be checked out from a public library? A.A magazine and an e-book. B.A game and an oil painting. C.A music CD and a kid􀆳s toy. D.A DVD and a video player. 38.As is described in Paragraph 4,taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows 　　　.  A.the kid to learn a new language B.the parent to enjoy quiet reading C.the kid to overcome reading difficulties D.the parent to meet their program sponsor 39.Your local library can help you start a business by 　　　.  A.providing relevant information and supporting services B.offering professional advice on business management C.supplying useful information of your potential buyers D.arranging meetings with government officials 40.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To point out the importance of public libraries. B.To encourage people to work in public libraries. C.To introduce the improved services of public libraries. D.To call for the modernization of public library systems. Passage 26 (讲解 2020·山东,B,10分,难度★★★) Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor􀆳s degree. Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm,and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school,Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition(学费),because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph􀆳s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,”she says.However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that􀆳s pretty powerful. 4.What did Jennifer do after high school? A.She helped her dad with his work. B.She ran the family farm on her own. C.She supported herself through college. D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph􀆳s Hospital in Marshfield? A.To take care of her kids easily. B.To learn from the best nurses. C.To save money for her parents. D.To find a well-paid job there. 6.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A.Her health. B.Her time with family. C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion. 7.What can we learn from Jennifer􀆳s story? A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers. C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success. Passage 27 (2020·江苏,C,8分,难度★★★★) For those who can stomach it,working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first,according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.  Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance.However,far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health. To find out,British scientists conducted a study.They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men,whose lifestyles are,for better and worse,representative of those of most of us.They tested the men􀆳s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue. Then,on two separate morning visits to the scientists􀆳 lab,each man walked for an hour at an average speed that,in theory,should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.Before one of these workouts,the men skipped breakfast,meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食).On the other occasion,they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. Just before and an hour after each workout,the scientists took additional samples of the men􀆳s blood and fat tissue. Then they compared the samples.There were considerable differences.Most obviously,the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.As a result,they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.On the other hand,they burned slightly more calories (卡路里),on average,during the workout after breakfast than after fasting. But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant,the researchers found.Multiple genes behaved differently,depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health.These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise,it may be wise to skip eating first. 61.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “　　　”.  A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfast C.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered 62.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment? A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people. B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight. C.They could walk at an average speed. D.They had slow metabolic rates. 63.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise? A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories. C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels. 64.What could be learned from the research? A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances. B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates. C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise. D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health. Passage 28 (2020·海南,A,7.5分,难度★★) Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer.From broadcasting to street art,these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered. Broadcasting Camp Become the next star reporter,news writer,director or producer.While running every aspect of our own news station,kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.Every night it goes on the web,keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali. Secret Agent Camp In the movie Mission Impossible,Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever.Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field. Culinary Camp If your child enjoys being in the kitchen,then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit.Campers learn technical skills of roasting,frying and cutting,as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families. Street Art Camp This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level.Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize,sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural(壁画)which will be displayed in public for all to see. 21.How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer? A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21. 22.What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp? A.Create a website. B.Run a news station. C.Meet a star reporter. D.Hold a dinner party. 23.Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking? A.Broadcasting Camp. B.Secret Agent Camp. C.Culinary Camp. D.Street Art Camp. Passage 29 (2020·海南,B,10分,难度★★) The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years,dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.Now was the spring of the water pistol(手枪). I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. “Please bring that pistol to me,” I said.“I􀆳m going to put it in my Grandma􀆳s Box.” “What􀆳s that?” they asked. “It􀆳s a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren,” I replied. “You don􀆳t have grandchildren,” someone said. “I don􀆳t now.” I replied.“But someday I will.When I do,my box will be full of wonderful things for them.” My imaginary Grandma􀆳s Box worked like magic that spring,and later.Sometimes,students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually, the offender would appear at the end of the day,and I would return the belonging.  The years went by,and my first grandchild Gordon was born.I shared my joy with that year􀆳s class.Then someone said,“Now you can use your Grandma􀆳s Box.” From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back,the students would say,“That􀆳s okay.Put it in your Grandma􀆳s Box for Gordon.” I loved talking about the imaginary box,not only with my students but also with my own children.They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected.Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large,beautifully made wooden chest.My son Bruce had made my Grandma􀆳s Box a reality. 24.What was the author􀆳s purpose in having the conversation with the students? A.To collect the water pistol. B.To talk about her grandchildren. C.To recommend some toys. D.To explain her teaching method. 25.What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A.The student􀆳s parent. B.The maker of the Grandma􀆳s Box. C.The author􀆳s grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit. 26.What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon? A.They went to play with the baby. B.They asked to see the Grandma􀆳s Box. C.They made a present for Gordon. D.They stopped asking their toys back. 27.What can we infer about the author? A.She enjoys telling jokes. B.She is a strict and smart teacher. C.She loves doing woodwork. D.She is a responsible grandmother. 　　Passage 30 (讲解 2020·全国1,B,8分,难度★★★) Returning to a book you􀆳ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.There􀆳s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books don􀆳t change,people do.And that􀆳s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.It􀆳s true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,it􀆳s all about the present.It􀆳s about the now and what one contributes to the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually.The first,which I take to reading every spring,is Ernest Hemingway􀆳s A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964,it􀆳s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的),an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillard􀆳s Holy the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio Cort􀅡zar􀆳s Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cort􀅡zar. While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an author􀆳s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember,it􀆳s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24.Why does the author like rereading? A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B.It􀆳s a window to a whole new world. C.It􀆳s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D.It extends the understanding of oneself. 25.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A.It􀆳s a brief account of a trip. B.It􀆳s about Hemingway􀆳s life as a young man. C.It􀆳s a record of a historic event. D.It􀆳s about Hemingway􀆳s friends in Paris. 26.What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to? A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Face value. 27.What can we infer about the author from the text? A.He loves poetry. B.He􀆳s an editor. C.He􀆳s very ambitious. D.He teaches reading. Passage 31 (讲解 2020·全国2,D,8分,难度★★★) I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother,the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library,where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.  I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. Now,I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist,I􀆳ve found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can􀆳t afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers,a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries,in their own way,help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 32.Which word best describes the author􀆳s relationship with books as a child? A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual. 33.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Pleasure from working in the library. B.Joy of reading passed on in the family. C.Wonderment from acting out the stories. D.A closer bond developed with the readers. 34.What does the author call on other writers to do? A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media. C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels. 35.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A.Reading:A Source of Knowledge B.My Idea about Writing C.Library:A Haven for the Young D.My Love of the Library Passage 32 (讲解 2020·全国3,C,8分,难度★★) With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law:she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think it􀆳s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think?“From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.” It􀆳s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expected to move in with their husband􀆳s family when they get married. 28.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters. 29.What is Nick􀆳s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law? A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling. 30.What is the author􀆳s statement about multig-enerational family based on? A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions. 31.What is the text mainly about? A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations. C.A housing problem in Britain. D.A rising trend of living in the UK. Passage 33 (讲解 2019·天津,B,12.5分,难度★★★★) I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.There was not one night that I don􀆳t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded. I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.Hearing mom say,“I can􀆳t believe what􀆳s printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew.So I carried around a book,and each night,just to be like her,I would pretend to be reading. This is how everyone learned to read.We would start off with sentences,then paragraphs,and then stories.It seemed an unending journey,but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors.When mom said,“The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,”I knew where the candy was.My progress in reading raised my curiosity,and I wanted to know everything.I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly,so that I could read all of the road signs we passed. Most of my reading through primary,middle and high school was factual reading.I read for knowledge,and to make A􀆳s on my tests.Occasionally,I would read a novel that was assigned,but I didn􀆳t enjoy this type of reading.I liked facts,things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. Yet,now that I􀆳m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex,I find myself needing a way to escape.By opening a novel,I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.In these worlds I can become anyone.I don􀆳t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this.I just read to relax. We􀆳re taught to read because it􀆳s necessary for much of human understanding.Reading is a vital part of my life.Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning.And I􀆳ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless. 41.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom􀆳s hands? A.She wanted mom to read the news to her. B.She was anxious to know what had happened. C.She couldn􀆳t wait to tear the newspaper apart. D.She couldn􀆳t help but stop mom from reading. 42.According to Paragraph 3,the author􀆳s reading of road signs indicates 　　　.  A.her unique way to locate herself B.her eagerness to develop her reading ability C.her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules D.her growing desire to know the world around her 43.What was the author􀆳s view on factual reading? A.It would help her update test-taking skills. B.It would allow much room for free thinking. C.It would provide true and objective infor-mation. D.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. 44.The author takes novel reading as a way to 　　　.  A.explore a fantasy land B.develop a passion for learning C.learn about the adult community D.get away from a confusing world 45.What could be the best title for the passage? A.The Magic of Reading B.The Pleasure of Reading C.Growing Up with Reading D.Reading Makes a Full Man Passage 34 (2019·江苏,A,4分,难度★) Whatever your age or interests,Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable. High energy  If you desire physical activities,you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding.Explore the heights with Go Ape,the high wire forest adventure course,or journey beneath the earth at Poole􀆳s Cavern.And don􀆳t forget:we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking,caving,climbing and cycling. High minded  Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you􀆳ll find much to suit all tastes with art,music,opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved,including workshops and events. Keeping the kids happy  Children love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and there􀆳s plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum.There􀆳s a new indoor play centre,plus the special events and workshops,and others during school holiday periods. 56.If you want to take an underground journey,which place is the best choice? A.Poole􀆳s Cavern. B.Pavilion Gardens. C.Buxton Museum. D.Green Man Gallery. 57.Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers 　　　.  A.rides in small trains B.courses in modern arts C.artistic and cultural activities D.basic courses in horse riding Passage 35 (讲解 2019·全国1,B,8分,难度★★) For Canaan Elementary􀆳s second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speech day,and right now it􀆳s Chris Palaez􀆳s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he􀆳s nervous.“I􀆳m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains,“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language,to feel confident enough to say,‘I don􀆳t know,but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,” Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 24.What made Chris nervous? A.Telling a story. B.Making a speech. C.Taking a test. D.Answering a question. 25.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Improper pauses. B.Bad manners. C.Spelling mistakes. D.Silly jokes. 26.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley􀆳s project is to 　　　.  A.help students see their own strengths B.assess students􀆳 public speaking skills C.prepare students for their future jobs D.inspire students􀆳 love for politics 27.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding. Passage 36 (讲解 2019·全国2,D,8分,难度★★★★) Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?It􀆳s turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordon􀆳s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they􀆳re close to a solution(解决方案).“We don􀆳t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold,a project manager. “There are no tests,” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically,it􀆳s ‘I􀆳ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and... it􀆳s not a very nice thing at times.It􀆳s a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don􀆳t teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space. 32.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A.They are hard to get rid of. B.They lead to air pollution. C.They appear in different forms. D.They damage the instruments. 33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B.To sharpen students􀆳 communication skills. C.To allow students to experience zero gravity. D.To link space technology with school education. 34.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A.Check their product. B.Guide project designs. C.Adjust work schedules. D.Grade their homework. 35.What is the best title for the text? A.NASA:The Home of Astronauts B.Space:The Final Homework Frontier C.Nature:An Outdoor Classroom D.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform Passage 37 (2019·全国3,A,6分,难度★) OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Animals Out of Paper Yolo!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph,in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe directs.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church,165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.) The Audience Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.) Hamilton Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton,in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public,425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.) On the Twentieth Century Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green,about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star􀆳s love during a cross-country train journey.Scott Ellis directs,for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre,227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.) 21.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about? A.A type of art. B.A teenager􀆳s studio. C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals. 22.Who is the director of The Audience? A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry. 23.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A.Animals Out of Paper. B.The Audience. C.Hamilton. D.On the Twentieth Century. Passage 38 (讲解 2018·浙江11月,B,7.5分,难度★★) This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents􀆳 homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands. But summer vacation hasn􀆳t always been a birthright of U.S. schoolchildren. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars (日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural (农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter. In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors􀆳 concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease. But people􀆳s opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships (实习) or study, there􀆳s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood. 24.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do? A.Enjoy a summer vacation. B.Take a break each quarter. C.Have 48 weeks of study a year. D.Assist their parents with farm work. 25.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s? A.They introduced summer vacation. B.They shortened rural school terms. C.They promoted the study of farming. D.They advocated higher pay for teachers. 26.Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year? A.It pushes the teachers too hard. B.It reduces the quality of education. C.It ignores science instruction. D.It includes no time for internships. 　　Passage 39 (讲解 2018·浙江11月,C,10分,难度★★★) I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: “Moby Dick” on a three-day cross-country train trip; “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond.Attempting “The Man without Qualities” on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册), then decided that I􀆳d got the point and went swimming instead. But this summer I find myself at a loss. I􀆳m not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “Tristram Shandy.” There􀆳s always “War and Peace,” which I􀆳ve covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone􀆳s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite — once more into “The Waves” or “Justine”, which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.  And then there􀆳s Stendhal􀆳s “The Red and the Black”, which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒) of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea.Cecconi􀆳s theory: “I take whatever􀆳s fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid.” The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... 27.What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph? A.He has a cottage in New England. B.He shows talents for literature. C.He enjoys reading when traveling. D.He admires a lot of great writers. 28.What do the underlined words “get bogged down” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Get confused. B.Be carried away. C.Be interrupted. D.Make no progress. 29.Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating? A.He finishes them quickly. B.He should read something serious. C.He barely understands them. D.He has read them many times before. 30.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.The Books of Summer B.My Summer Holidays C.To Read or Not to Read D.It􀆳s Never Too Late to Read Passage 40 (讲解 2018·全国1,A,6分,难度★) Washington,D.C.Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park. C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories. 23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A.City maps. B.Cameras. C.Meals. D.Safety lights. Passage 41 (讲解 2018·全国1,B,8分,难度★★★) Good Morning Britain􀆳s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she􀆳s been able to put a lot of what she􀆳s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11. “We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we􀆳re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV􀆳s Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight􀆳s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family􀆳s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24.What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B.She has started a new progra$$ 专题一　阅读理解·四选一 考点1　生活与学习 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师,通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及教学相长的故事。 24.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than once,I found myself wondering just how my students,who􀆳d created these people,knew their subjects so well.(不止一次,我暗自琢磨,塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知,这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的人物。 25.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers,but writing,in and of itself,simply didn􀆳t strike them as important.(随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容,但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可知,学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳,是因为他们对写作的话题不感兴趣。 26.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中画线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.(学生们选取了多样的主题,交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长,其中的人物拓宽了我的视野,也触动了我的心)”可知,此处指学生们写出的内容,与之前的表现形成强烈对比。由此猜测,画线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”,与B项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。 27.A　推理判断题。通读全文内容,尤其是最后一段可知,文章通过作者的教学经历,说明他在教导学生的同时,自己也领悟到写作的真正意义,这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。A项“Teaching is learning (教学相长).”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得新认识。B项意为“静水流深”;C项“知识就是力量”;D项“熟能生巧”。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院的教师 Kathy Ho 如何在医院学校中为患病儿童授课,强调医院学校不仅关注学业,更注重学生的身心健康,帮助他们在治疗期间保持对学习和生活的希望。 24.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Here’ is room 386,where each year,about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”可知,Ho的学生是露西尔·帕卡德儿童医院的患者,即患病儿童。故选A项。 25.D　细节理解题。第三段中Ho提到“I􀆳m a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that􀆳s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”,表明她作为一名医院学校的教师,在工作中同时扮演教练、顾问和安慰者等多重角色。故选D项。 26.C　词句猜测题。第四段中提到“Some teachers don􀆳t give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.”,部分老师不布置作业,只表达同情,Ho 认为这对孩子不利。因此 “it” 指代 “不布置作业” 的行为。故选C项。 此题的关键是理解disservice这个派生词以及下文“They think their teachers don􀆳t care about their schoolwork.”的含义。disservice由“否定前缀dis-+ service”构成,推断含义是与“服务”相反的词,再根据下文“学生们认为老师不关心他们的家庭作业”可推断出正确答案,其中assignment与schoolwork意思相近。 27.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Good 的话“School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”可知,医院学校通过给孩子们一种持续学习和成长的方式,来维持他们的梦想,帮助他们在病痛中保持对生活的希望,有梦想就代表有希望。故选B项。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了居家时间增加推动室内植物行业爆发式增长,并通过研究证实植物对心理健康的积极影响——降低压力激素水平、提升学习与工作效率,同时呼吁人们以耐心养护植物。 28.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...she didn􀆳t have high hopes for it.But the opposite happened:She was flooded,shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.”可知,Detrinidad 起初对生意期望不高,但实际订单量激增,生意出人意料得好。故选D项。 29.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Students who are around plants perform better academically...This productivity also translates into the workplace...a 30% decrease in sick leave” 可知,Knuth 的研究表明植物能提升学生的学习表现和成年人的工作效率。故选 D项。 30.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Doctors practice medicine...you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.” 可知,Detrinidad 以医生和律师需要不断实践为例,类比强调养护植物也需要反复尝试练习,即 “重复努力的重要性”。故选C项。 31.B　标题归纳题。文章围绕室内植物对心理健康的积极影响展开,第二段提到植物通过降低皮质醇水平改善情绪,第三段强调其提升生产力的作用,全文核心是 “植物改善心情”。故选B项。 本题D项具有一定的干扰性,但是D项只是个外壳,是形式,而且很片面。第一段只是个引子,本文的着眼点不仅仅是家居,还有教室和工作地。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了青少年互动夏令营 TransForm 的相关信息,包括活动体验、日程安排以及课程方向等内容。 21.D　细节理解题。根据“Experience TransForm”部分“TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks,hands-on workshops,and off-site experiences.”可知,TransForm 允许青少年参加实践课程。 22.B　细节理解题。根据“Schedule of Programming”中对7月18日的活动安排里“13:00-14:15 Youth Panel”可知,青少年可以在 18 日参加青少年小组讨论活动。其他几个选项的日期与活动均与“Schedule of Programming”中的安排不一致。 23.C　细节理解题。根据“Programming Tracks”部分 “Healthy Living:Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being,and lead healthy lifestyles” 可知,青少年在Programming Tracks中可以学习关于健康生活的知识。 Passage 5 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在大三时[在美国junior year可指大三学生,此处可与下文中的senior participant (senior year可指美国大学毕业的那一年)呼应]对大学对自己成果论文的看法和对成功的定义进行反思,不再盲目追随他人选择大量AP课程,而是基于个人兴趣选课,并从失败的小组面试中学习,通过自我调整最终获得领导职位。 24.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Throughout our junior year,my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay.”以及下文的问题可知,作者在大三主要担心的是大学对他们所写的成果论文的看法,即大学对他们的认可。 25.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts on what I felt success means,I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy.”可知,作者选择较少的AP课程是基于她自己对成功的理解。 26.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nevertheless,this interview wasn􀆳t a wasted opportunity.I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself.”以及最后一段可知,作者认为第一次面试是有收获的,尽管没有成功,但她从中学到了东西。 27.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者通过自己的经历表明,成功并非由大学或外界标准定义,而是源于自我认知与努力。因此,“Everyone is the maker of their own success.” 符合题意。 Passage 6 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者与女儿就屏幕使用时间起争执,反思曾称“勿与人比”的建议,指出社会比较利弊皆有,善用可促成长,应掌控看待方式。 28.B　推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn􀆳t win,she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given.” 以及下文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知,作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。 29.D　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文的“But now is the time to set the record straight,which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparisons are unhealthy.”可知,作者之前只是重复普遍观点,没有深入探究细微的差别,现在要重新审视。由此猜测,nuances的意思可能是“细微差别”,与D项意思相同。 温馨提示:fine作形容词意为“难以看出的”,fine differences细微的差别。 30.A　主旨大意题。文章的核心观点是:社会比较并非完全有害,而是可以通过正确的方式和思考方法带来积极影响。例如,与优秀的人比较可以成为动力,与不如自己的人比较可以培养感恩之心。A选项“Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit”准确概括了文章的主旨。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读(可视化学习)在理解和记忆方面的优劣,强调纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。 28.D　词义猜测题。根据上文的“When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it􀆳s on paper than onscreen.”可知,在阅读几百字的文本时,纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。结合本句的“...when experimenters move from posing simple tasks...such as drawing inferences from a text.”可知,当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时,纸质阅读的优势尤为明显,也就是变得容易被人注意到。由此可知,shine through的意思与D项相同,D项“容易被发现;凸显出来”符合语境。 29.A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious...when they are reading print.”是对shallowing hypothesis(浅层阅读假说)的解释说明。人们通常带着一种不太严肃的态度去阅读社交媒体的数字文本。由此可知,A项“读者漫不经心地对待数字文本”符合题意。 30.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies...”可知,大学教师之所以越来越多地使用音频和视频,是因为它们比文本更加吸引人,也就是能够保持学生的注意力。 31.C　推理判断题。最后一段第一句强调了数码文本、音频和视频的教育作用,接着用However一转指出,教育者不应该认为所有媒体的作用都是一样的,暗示我们切勿忽视印刷文本的重要性,即其他媒体信息不能完全取代印刷文本。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流程以及注意事项的相关信息。 21.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed.(学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目,注明所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题)”可知,在这个项目中,学生们会练习语言技能。 22.B　细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分中的“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周18次一小时的配对会议)”可知,为了完成该项目,学生们被要求参加配对会议。 23.A　细节理解题。根据Sign up部分中的“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言)”可知,学生们在注册期间需要明确他们感兴趣的语言。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者自幼爱画,中学最喜欢艺术课,却因自信过度考试失利。成年后,虽未成画家,但继续创作,终在梦中启示下重拾画笔,享受绘画自由。 24.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I found it difficult,but still hoped to pass.I failed,with a low grade.I􀆳d been over-confident.Now I􀆳d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难,但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过,而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在,我被宣布为毫无<油画>天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知,作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。 25.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints,or were printmakers or sculptors,I took oil painting as the taboo high form I wasn􀆳t allowed to practice.(尽管这些新朋友都是使用油画的抽象画家,或者是版画家或雕塑家,但我认为油画是我不允许练习的禁忌)”可知,作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。 26.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me.It was a form of energy,giving me back something I􀆳d lost.(这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威,它震撼了我。它是一种能量,把我失去的东西还给了我。)”可知,作者的梦赋予了作者练习油画的力量。 27.D　推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者一直喜欢绘画,但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低,作者对油画失去了信心。在40岁出头时,一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可知,我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信。 Passage 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Abby Jaramillo发起了一个名叫“Urban Sprouts”的学校园艺项目的目的和对学生产生的积极影响。 24.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at...”可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts这个项目的发起人。 25.C　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful.”可知,Abby Jaramillo遇到的问题是一些孩子觉得蔬菜、泥土和昆虫是糟糕的,由此推断出他们不喜欢园艺工作。 26.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,这个项目不仅为学生们提供了营养价值,还让更多的学生对园艺感兴趣,同时也帮助了那些有情绪控制问题的学生。由此可知,该项目的影响是深远的。 27.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校开设“学校花园”课程,让学生爱上蔬菜,不仅多吃蔬菜,还将种子带回家开创自己的菜园,对学生产生了深远的影响。由此可知C项“培养蔬菜爱好者”最适合做本文标题。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。 21.B　细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中的“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel.(为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划,将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看,也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知,在为期四周的学习冲刺中,参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。 22.C　 细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中的“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.(在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后,您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划,如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖,您将参与其中)”可知,如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖,需要做一份以体育为基础的项目。 23.B　细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中的“You have at least one year of work experience.(你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知,对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加州大学洛杉矶分校交流项目的学生指南。 34.C　细节理解题。根据Signing up for ESL部分中的“Enrollment priority is given to degree students.If space is available, you may enroll.(优先招收学位学生。如果有空位,您可以报名)”可知,如果有空位,那么交换生是能够申请加入该项目的。 35.C　细节理解题。根据Signing up for ESL部分中的“The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you.(测试结果将帮助您选择适合自己的班级)”可知,ESL入学考试旨在把学生们分到适合自己的班级里。 36.D　细节理解题。根据Changing Your Course Enrollment List部分中的“After the second week of classes, there will be a charge for each schedule change.(第二周的课程结束后,每次更改时间表都会收取费用。)”可知,免费更改报名名单的截止日期是在第二周课程结束时。 37.B　细节理解题。根据Withdrawing from Courses部分中的“If you choose to drop a course, you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule.(如果你选择放弃一门课程,你必须按照加州大学洛杉矶分校的程序将其从你的时间表中删除。)”可知,如果交换生停止课程,他们必须按照加州大学洛杉矶分校的程序将其从时间表中删除。 38.B　细节理解题。根据Taking Exams部分中的“These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions and what they regard as relevant material.(这些考试是学生们通常用来练习的,可以让你了解老师是如何提问的,以及他们认为哪些是相关材料。)”可知,参加以前的考试有助于学生了解老师是如何提问的以及哪些是相关的材料。 Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。曼谷是“吃货”游客理想的旅游胜地。作者为读者介绍了几家曼谷的餐馆。 21.C　推理判断题。根据Nahm部分第三句“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.”以及Issaya Siamese Club部分第一句“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known as Thai Chef Ian Kittichai􀆳s first flagship Bankok restaurant.”可知,它们的共同之处是二者都具有顶级厨师。 22.B　细节理解题。根据Bo.lan部分最后一句“For those extremely hungry,there􀆳s a large set menu.”可知答案为B项。 23.D　推理判断题。根据短文最后一部分Gaggan中的第二句“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.”可推断,Gaggan的特别之处在于顾客可以直接看到厨房里面厨师烹饪的过程。故选D项。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。英国推出了一些饮食类电视节目,使更多的英国人改变食用快餐的习惯而爱上烹饪,引导学生养成健康的生活习惯。 28.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Probably fish and chips,or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables...Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine...”可知,人们通常认为,英国食物平淡无奇(simple and plain)。 29.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“have helped change what people think about cooking”和第三段第一句中的“1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food”可知,英国电视上的烹饪节目很有影响力。故选D项。 审题时一定要认真,把题干读透,善于抓住定位词,本题题干中的cookery programmes就是定位词,据此将答案相关语句锁定在文章的第二段最后一句和第三段第一句。 30.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients than they used to...”可知,三分之一的人即33%的人现在用更加多样化的配料。本题使用的命题技巧在于a wide variety of与近义词diverse的替换。 31.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,it􀆳s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking(随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩们喜欢烹饪已经不再‘土里土气’了)”可知,作者很有可能在接下来的篇幅中谈论电视节目中的男厨师。 Passage 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了某校文学概论课程的分级政策。 21.C　推理判断题。根据文章的标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature”以及下文提到的内容可知,本文可能出自一个课程计划。故选C项。 根据内容格式,推测文章出处 作答此类题时,考生可以根据文章的内容判断文章出处。另外,根据文章的格式也可判断出文章的出处。如:报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称;广告会因其格式特殊,容易辨认;产品说明中,器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。 22.B　细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Essays (60%)” “Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)”可知,最终的分数由三部分组成。 23.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.”可知,截止日期一周后才上交,将得零分。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士苏黎世大学的一个研究小组对唇齿音演化的研究结果。 32.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Dami􀅡n Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.(现在,由瑞士苏黎世大学的Dami􀅡n Blasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。)”可知,Blasi的研究专注于它的发展过程。 33.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned,making it hard to produce labiodentals...(他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音……)”可知,古代成年人上下颚的构造很难发唇齿音。 34.A　段落大意题。第五段提到“对语言数据库的分析还证实,新石器时代之后,世界语言的声音发生了全球变化,‘f’和‘v’的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到。”由此可知,本段为研究的结果提供了证据。 35.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”可知,这是一个复杂动态的体系。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了儿童探索博物馆,尤其是关于儿童集体游览的一些基本信息,包括价格、奖学金、团体规模、时间以及一些指导原则。 21.C　细节理解题。根据Scholarships这部分内容的第一段最后一句“Participation in a post-visit survey is required.”可知,一个团体要想获得奖学金,他们需要再参加一个参观后的调查问卷。 22.C　细节理解题。根据Group Size这部分内容的第一段第一句“We require one chaperone per ten children.”可知,每十个孩子需要一个监护人,那么三十个孩子自然是需要三个监护人。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Guidelines这部分内容的第二条“Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.”可知,博物馆的所有区域都不允许儿童无人陪伴,也就是说儿童单独游览是不被允许的。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在给两岁的孙子讲故事书的时候,发现小孙子不停地用手指戳故事书的书页,因为他以为这个故事书类似他之前玩过的平板电脑,这件事引发了作者对数码技术的思考,并表达了个人看法。 24.B　词义猜测题。根据作者讲述的故事可知,两岁的孙子不知道故事书是什么,以为是平板电脑,作者由这件事清楚地意识到很多年轻人把多媒体工具视为理所当然的事物。 25.A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that.”可知,作者两岁的孙子之所以反复用手指戳故事书的书页,是因为他以为这个故事书类似他之前玩过的平板电脑。 26.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Well,I may be old,but I􀆳m not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.I􀆳ve even built websites.”可推断出,作者认为自己在数码技术方面是有一定能力的。 27.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I􀆳ve spent little time in front of a camera,since I have a face made for radio.”和最后一段中的“Anyway,grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame!”可推断出,作者作为记者很少在电视上露面。 Passage 19 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。 21.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It􀆳s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.(这是一个在你运用技能解决问题的同时,加深你对课堂材料关键点的理解的机会。)”可知,在同伴辅助学习课程中,学生运用技能解决问题。 22.B　细节理解题。根据Waiting lists部分中的“If a session is full,you can register for the waiting list.”可知,如果某一课程满员,可以登记候补名单。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Deregistering部分中的“If you miss two PASS sessions in a row,you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list.(如果你连续错过两次课程,你将被取消注册,你的位置将分配给候补名单上的某个人。)”可知,如果学生连续错过两次课程,将被取消注册。 Passage 20 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了高中毕业生如何为大学生活做更好准备的四个技巧。 36.D　推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.(以下四个技巧将使高中毕业生为大学生活做好更好的准备。)”可知,该文主要针对于高中毕业的准大学生的。 37.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller more practical ones can help make it feel more real...(写下你的目标,把每个巨大的长期目标分解成更小、更实际的目标,可以帮助它感觉更真实……)”可知,作者建议学生要将宏大的计划拆分成一个个细小的可实现的计划。 38.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else􀆳s shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.(如果你觉得你的人际交往能力还有待提高,那就练习提出引人深思的问题并仔细倾听,通过设身处地为别人着想来提高你的理解能力,增强你的自信心。)”可知,新生在人际交往时要学会倾听。 39.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Organization is the key,so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule.(条理是关键,所以如果你不是一个自然有条理的人,那就制定你的学习时间表。)”可知,在大学成功学习的关键是要学会成为一个有条理性的人,并科学安排自己的时间。 40.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Managing money is a critical life skill, ...Start by estimating your financial balance.(管理资金是一项至关重要的生活技能,……首先估计你的财务状况。)”可知,大学生要学会自主管理金钱,首先要评估自己的收入和开支。 Passage 21 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。英国从2016年开始对软饮料制造商征收“糖税”,这个做法是为了确保儿童的身体健康。事实证明,截至目前,该政策已经卓有成效。 32.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,向制造商征收“糖税”的目的是帮助减少儿童肥胖问题,也就是为了保护儿童健康。 33.D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,一些饮料制造商为了避免缴纳“糖税”,设法减少饮料的含糖量。 34.D　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,A、B、C三项都是免税的,只有经典可乐接受了要缴纳“糖税”这件事。 35.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,推行“糖税”迫使一些软饮料制造商减少了产品中糖的含量,而缴纳的税费被用于增加学校的体育设施和为学生提供更加健康的饮食。由此推断,这种做法非常成功。 Passage 22 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对新生真正开学前一周的活动给出一些建议,帮助新生轻松开始大学生活。 36.A　细节理解题。根据Participating in Campus Welcome Activities标题下的第二段中的“Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture(参加这些活动是了解学校设施和了解校园文化的好方法)”可知,参加欢迎活动可以了解校园文化。 37.B　细节理解题。根据Exploring Campus标题下的第二段中的“That way,you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.(那样,你将会避免在去上课时可能出现的延误)”可知,快跑测试可以避免将来上课迟到。 38.D　细节理解题。根据Starting a Routine 标题下的第一段中的“Starting classes means being in different places at different times,so it􀆳s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.(课程开始意味着在不同的时间待在不同的地方,所以就在这周开始习惯这种常规活动是个好主意)”可知,right this week指的是正式开学前的这一周,也叫orientation week“迎新周”。 39.D　推理判断题。根据Starting a Routine 标题下的第二段中的“Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.(按照计划的时间,将确保你有足够的睡眠来参加早上的课程,并保持清醒)”可知,想要保持清醒专注,就要保证睡眠时间。 40.A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life.(以下是几个帮你轻松进入大学生活的建议)”可知,作者主要是提出一些轻松开始大学生活的建议。 根据内容、体裁判断写作目的 该题型要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作目的。英语中的议论文和说明文的写作目的比较明确。作答时要多关注此类文章的主题句,一般情况下,根据主题句便可推断出作者的写作目的或意图。阅读夹叙夹议类文章,要注意文章最后的议论部分。另外,根据文章的体裁,也能判断出作者的写作目的。如:故事类的文章其写作目的是“to entertain readers”;广告类的文章其写作目的是“to persuade readers, to attract more...”;科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章其写作目的多为“to inform readers”。 Passage 23 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者9岁定居伦敦后,爱上滑板,并由此获得归属感的故事。 28.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“I felt at a loss and out of place”可知,刚搬家到伦敦后,作者很不适应,很茫然,很失落。 29.B　词义猜测题。根据下文的“And that􀆳s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.”可推断,画线词在此处意为“干得好!”。 30.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述可知,作者回到伦敦后,经常来到小时候滑冰的地方,是为了重温童年的时光。 31.C　推理判断题。作者刚搬家到伦敦时,很失落,但是有了一群志同道合的小伙伴后,很快就融入了当地的生活。后来搬家到华盛顿,却找不到喜欢滑冰的人,于是作者放弃了滑冰。重返伦敦后,作者经常到小时候滑冰的地方走走看看。显然,作者想要表达的是儿童需要归属感。 Passage 24 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一个名为Lancom的全球性语言学习应用程序,介绍了其特色、价格以及联系方式等信息。 31.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“With advice from AI specialists,art designers and culture researchers,our multi-language experts endow (赋予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning.”可知,在人工智能专家、艺术设计师和文化研究者的建议下,我们的多语言专家为Lancom在语言学习领域提供了巨大的创新潜力,所以选C项。 32.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology.”可知,Lancom应用程序的核心是有效的方法。 33.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type.Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language,building on grammar and words you already know.”可知,Lancom是唯一一款为您的母语量身定制课程的产品,以您已经掌握的语法和单词为基础。由此可知,Lancom声称它的个性化课程是独一无二的。 Passage 25 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公共图书馆改善后的一些服务措施。 36.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句内容可知,通过合作网络连接起来的公共图书馆更加有益于读者,因为它们可以把读者需要的书籍送到附近的图书馆分馆。 37.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句内容可知,音乐光盘和儿童玩具也可以从公共图书馆借。 38.B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,把小孩子带到半小时“故事时间”,父(母)就可以享受安静的阅读时光。 39.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,如果你想自己创业,当地图书馆可以为你提供相关信息以及支持性服务。 40.C　推理判断题。通读全文内容,并结合第一段内容可知,这篇文章的主要目的是介绍公共图书馆改善后的服务措施。 Passage 26 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个从小在农场长大的女孩高中毕业后一边工作一边读完技校,还供家中弟妹完成学业;她成家后又重返校园攻读学位,不仅为自己的孩子树立了榜样,也成为家族的骄傲。 4.C　细节理解题。由第二段第三句可知,高中毕业后,詹尼弗到当地的技术学院上学,由于家里没有额外的钱供应她的大学教育,她边打工边上学。 5.A　细节理解题。由第三段第三、四句可知,詹尼弗之所以选择这家医院的护理项目,是因为这里离家近,可以晚上回家照顾孩子们。 6.B　细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知,詹尼弗为达到她受高等教育的目标,牺牲了许多晚上同孩子们在一起的时光,也错过了很多重要的事件。 7.C　推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段可知,詹尼弗成家后,重返校园攻读学位,不仅为自己的孩子树立了榜样,对家人也是一种鼓舞。由此推知,努力终将得到回报。 Passage 27 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过实验得出结论:不吃早饭锻炼身体可能对健康更有益。 61.B　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知,画线短语指的是那些不吃早餐也能完成锻炼的人。 62.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句内容可知,之所以选择这10个人作为实验对象,是因为他们的生活方式与我们大多数人一样。 63.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句内容可知,在锻炼身体之前吃过早饭的人,消耗的卡路里更多。 64.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,吃早饭之前进行锻炼对健康更有益。 Passage 28 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。 21.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“From broadcasting to street art,these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.”可知,今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。 22.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“While running every aspect of our own news station,kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.”可知,营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。 23.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your child enjoys being in the kitchen,then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit.Campers learn technical skills of roasting,frying and cutting,as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.”可知,Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。 Passage 29 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具,想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。到后来,作者的第一个孙子出生,学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了,作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱,将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。 24.A　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said.‘I􀆳m going to put it in my Grandma􀆳s Box.’”(“请把那支水枪给我,”我说。“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里”)可知,作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。 25.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面“I would return the belonging”,结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”,且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”可知,画线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。 26.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back,the students would say,‘That􀆳s okay.Put it in your Grandma􀆳s Box for Gordon.’”(从那时起,学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物,而是说:“没关系。把它放在你‘奶奶给戈登的盒子’里”)可知,学生们在得知了戈登的出生后,他们不再索要玩具。 27.B　推理判断题。作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”,说明作者对待学生很严格;同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具,说明作者很聪明,由此可推知,作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。 Passage 30 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者讲述了自己喜欢重读书籍的原因以及每年必重读的三本书的内容及其感悟。 24.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There􀆳s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books don􀆳t change,people do.”可知,重新阅读书会让你感觉到时间改变了自己。第二段的第一句表明重新阅读书籍的美妙之处在于我们与作品的关系基于我们当前的心理状态。由此可知,作者喜欢重读书的原因在于读书加深了他对自己的理解。 25.B　细节理解题。由文章第三段“...an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.”可知,A Moveable Feast是描写海明威早年生活的回忆录。 26.B　词义猜测题。根据上文的“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,...”结合下文的“a reader can pay them”可知,该词的意思应该与“money”相关,此处的意思是“重读作者的书是给予他们最高的奖励(报酬)”。debt“债务”;reward“报酬,奖励,回报”;allowance“津贴,补贴”;face value“面值”。分析四个选项可知选B项。 根据语境猜测词义 英语句子是一些单词按照一定的语法结构组合而成的,而段落则是一些句子围绕主题按照一定的逻辑关系结合而成。这也就是说文章中的单词不是孤立存在的,而是相互联系相互制约的,正所谓“词不离句、句不离篇”。因此,阅读时遇到不熟悉的词,我们可以根据文章/段落的主题,通过上下文之间的语境来猜测词义。 27.A　推理判断题。由文章第三段“The third book is Julio Cort􀅡zar􀆳s Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cort􀅡zar.”可知,作者最喜欢重读的第三本书籍是Save Twilight:Selected Poems,是一本诗选,且其中的两个because起到了强调作用。由此推测作者喜欢诗歌。 Passage 31 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小就喜欢读书,喜欢待在图书馆里,并且喜欢读书这一习惯延续到了下一代人。作者鼓励人们尽自己所能支持图书馆、利用好图书馆。 32.C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者从有记忆起就喜欢读书,有时一天能读三本书。由此推知作者与书籍的关系是“不可分离”。 33.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,作者成为母亲后,她的孩子们也喜欢读书,喜欢去图书馆。由此推断出,画线部分指的是读书的乐趣延续到了下一代人身上。 34.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句内容可知,作者号召其他作家用自己能做到的方式支持图书馆。 35.D　标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。 Passage 32 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在英国,人们的生活方式逐渐发生着改变:越来越多的家庭选择合住。 28.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知,丽塔在一楼有她自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。所以丽塔居住在一楼。 29.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中尼克说的话“From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”可知,尼克觉得和岳母合住在一起挺好的,一切都很顺畅自然。由此推测,尼克对于与岳母合住持积极的态度。 30.C　推理判断题。结合第六段中的“Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.”可知,官方报告显示三代同堂的家庭数量从2001年的32.5万户增加到了2013年的41.9万户。第七段也用了相关的数据对家庭几代人合住的情况进行了介绍。文中作者是在引用官方的具体数据对几代人合住的家庭进行分析和说明。 31.D　主旨大意题。在英国越来越多的家庭选择合住这一社会现象。作者以Rita一家为例并引用大量数据来说明同住的趋势。所以短文主要是关于英国一种生活方式的上升趋势。 Passage 33 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小到大的阅读经历,并指出阅读是其人生中重要的一部分,书中有无限的可能。 41.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一二句“I always wanted...read it myself.”得知“作者更想知道发生了什么事”。 42.D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后两句话“My progress in reading raised my...we passed,”可知作者在阅读上的进步增加了她的好奇心,想知道一切,包括路边的指示牌上的信息。 43.C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句中的“read for knowledge”和第四句“I liked facts,things that are concrete.”得知作者眼中的“factual reading”是知识,是事实等具体的东西。正是C选项所说的“真实的,客观的信息”。 用综合分析法作答观点态度题 作者的观点、态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是怀疑,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论中或流露于修饰的词语之中。作答时,考生要在正确理解文章大意的基础上,根据一些关键的句子或词语对作者的观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别,关注作者对人物心理或细节的描写或对人物或时间的评价等,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词,结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。 44.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一二句“Yet,now that...escape.By opening...a new character.”可知作者阅读小说是为了暂时逃离“复杂的”社会和摆脱自己身上的“重担”。 45.C　主旨大意题。通读全篇可知,作者从儿时的阅读经历写起,逐步写到了小学、初中、高中以及成人后的阅读经历,C项中的“Growing Up”与其相对应。 Passage 34 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个英国的特色小镇——巴克斯顿。在这里,无论年龄大小,无论兴趣如何,游客都能找到适合自己的活动。 56.A　细节理解题。根据High energy中的第二句“...or journey beneath the earth at Poole􀆳s Cavern.”可知,喜欢地下之旅,应该选择A项。 57.C　细节理解题。根据High minded中的第一句可知,这个地方的独特之处在于,它为人们提供了大量的艺术和文化活动。 Passage 35 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了纽约州帕奇格的迦南小学二年级教师Thomas Whaley在班里开展“总统竞选演讲”项目,以帮助学生树立自信。 24.B　细节理解题。根据第一段及第二段第一句“But he􀆳s nervous.”可知,尽管Chris是班上爱开玩笑的人,但在全班同学面前公开演讲他还是感到紧张。 25.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“‘...Vote for...me...’Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.”可知,除了演讲过程中的一些不恰当的停顿(Improper pauses)之外,Chris还是完成得相当不错。 26.A　推理判断题。根据第五段及第六段中的“...is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可以推知,Whaley之所以在班里开展“总统竞选演讲”项目,目的是帮助学生看到自己的长处,找到自信。 27.C　推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其是第二段中的“His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.”可以看出,Chris演讲时,Whaley在身旁默默地鼓励他;当初学语言时,Whaley允许学生犯错,让学生有勇气面对自身的不足之处,且渴望去探索,并鼓励走进教室的不自信的学生们夸赞自己的好品质。由此推知, 作为教师,Whaley对于学生关怀备至(Caring)。 Passage 36 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH,鼓励学生开发创新思维,培养实际生活技能。 32.A　推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句提到的“来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面无法控制地生长,所以宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。”可知,在国际空间站,很难除掉细菌。 33.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知,该项目设计的目的是把教室和NASA的工程师们连接起来。分析选项可知,D项与该意思一致。 34.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘I􀆳ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review...”可知,NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果。 35.B　主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句可知,戈登的学生每天都会给NASA的工程师发邮件,讨论这个问题,为太空测试准备一个可行的解决方案,故B项“太空:最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适。 Passage 37 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了二月份有四部要演出的戏剧。 21.A　细节理解题。由题干Rajiv Joseph定位到Animals Out of Paper部分,根据本段中的“...in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.”可知,这部戏剧是关于折纸艺术的。故选A项。 22.D　细节理解题。根据The Audience部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知,Stephen Daldry是The Audience的导演。 23.C　细节理解题。根据Hamilton部分中的“...in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.”可知,如果对美国历史感兴趣可以观看Hamilton。 Passage 38 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国暑假的历史由来以及人们对当代美国学制的看法。 24.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“...leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.”可知,农村学校的校历可以让孩子们在春播和秋收期间帮助父母干活。 25.A　细节理解题。根据第二段的主要内容以及“Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break”可知,教育改革家们引进了暑假制度。 26.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句“Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007.”可知,一些专家认为美国高中的数学水平和毕业率远低于平均水平,其中一个原因是轻松懒散的暑假。由此推测,一些人对现代的美国学制不满是因为它降低了教学质量。 Passage 39 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了自己每年夏天的读书经历以及今年夏天选书的困惑。 27.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘Moby Dick’ on a three-day cross-country train trip;‘The Magic Mountain’ in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond.Attempting ‘The Man without Qualities’ on a return to Hawaii”可知,这些书都是作者在旅途中读的。由此推断,作者喜欢在旅途中读书。 28.D　词义猜测题。根据下文的“set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again”可知,作者在读《战争与和平》这本书时,读到“战争”部分就搁置一边,然后又从头读起。由此推测,作者读到这部分时就毫无进展,所以选D项。 29.B　推理判断题。根据文章的开头“to attack one big book from the past...”可知,作者年轻时设定的任务是读经典文学作品,但是作者喜欢的“The Waves”和“Justine”这两本书都不属于比较严肃的文学作品,因此作者感觉像作弊。由此可知,他应该读严肃的作品。 30.A　主旨大意题。作者在第一段讲到自己每年夏天都会选一本名著来读,并交代了读书的环境和背景;第二、三段讲到了今年夏天作者对于选哪本书的困惑,综合全文来看,文章主要讲的是“暑期的书”。 Passage 40 【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区的四条自行车骑行的相关信息。 21.A　细节理解题。根据Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.中的“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!”可知,华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅需要提前预订。 22.D　细节理解题。根据Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks”可知,在该旅行中可以听到有趣的故事,所以选D项。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知,参加该旅行的骑手需要配备反光背心和安全灯。 Passage 41 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了苏珊娜·里德主持的新节目《省钱,美食》。其内容为如何在资金紧张的情况下做出营养可口的饭菜。 24.B　推理判断题。根据文章的第一段,特别是其中的转折部分“but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可知,她最近的角色是教观众如何在资金紧张的情况下做出营养可口的饭菜。因此推测,她现在开始了一个新节目,所以选B项。 25.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day”可知,马特主厨在烹饪方面给予了她帮助,所以选C项。 26.C　推理判断题。作者在第四段中提到“The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV􀆳s Save Money:Good Health...”,由此可知,作者写这一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以C项正确。 27.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了苏珊娜·里德的新节目《省钱,美食》,再结合第一段中的“how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可知,D项可概括全文的内容。A、C两项以偏概全,B项无中生有。 弄清主旨大意,凝练文章标题 作答时,首先要弄清文章的主旨大意,再定标题。要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。要避免下列三种情况:①概括不够。多表现为以部分代整体,从而导致范围太小。②过度概括。多表现为脱离文章内容而随意发挥。③以事实或细节替代抽象概括的大意。要注意标题的醒目性,标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖。 Passage 42 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了暑假的四种活动安排,并分别进行了详细的介绍。学生们应该在监护人的指导下阅读本次暑假的活动安排,可以选择参加其中的两项活动。 21.A　细节理解题。根据表格中的“Outdoor Adventure(OUT)”部分的第二句“You will be able to take part in...on Dartmoor.”可知,在达特姆尔高原上,你可以参加许多活动,从乘独木舟到户外野营等。 22.D　细节理解题。根据表格中的“WWI Battlefields and Paris(WBP)”部分的第二句可知,在伦敦待了一夜之后,在第二天,也就是周二,我们会去法国北部参观一战战场。 23.A　细节理解题。根据表格中的“Potty about Potter (POT)”部分可知,在返回到埃克塞特之前,要在泰晤士河上的青年旅社中过一夜,据此可以推断,是两天的活动日程。 Passage 43 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。我们很多人都喜欢七月,因为七月是大自然的浆果和核果大量收获的时候。文章介绍了如草莓、蓝莓、樱桃等水果的特殊功效,以及香蕉的选择、保存和如何使香蕉保持颜色的方法。 24.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的倒数第二句“As for cherries,they are so delicious who cares?”可知,樱桃的特点是“美味的”,故选C项。A项“富含蛋白质”是树莓的特点,B项“维生素A含量高”是桃子等水果的特征,D项“富含抗氧化物质”是蓝莓的特点。 25.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的倒数第二句“If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知,在香蕉上放些新鲜的柠檬汁,会预防香蕉变成褐色,也就是会保持香蕉的颜色。 26.D　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句中的“the machine”可知,孩子们喜欢把水果和冷冻香蕉放到机器的顶部,看着冰激凌出来,因此,此处的“the machine”与“a juicer”相呼应。 27.B　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了七月里盛产的几种水果及其主要健康功效,所以可推测这篇文章很可能是选自某健康杂志,故选B项。而A项“生物学教材”,C项“研究报告”,D项“旅游手册”均与文章的主题不符。 Passage 44 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。调查发现,青少年儿童的读书兴趣大大减少,而且,出于对孩子眼睛保护的考虑,许多家长限制孩子们电子阅读的时间。作者建议家长们借此机会制定适合自己家庭的暑假阅读清单。 28.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun”可知,青少年与年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少,这正是孩子们的阅读习惯问题,故选A项。B项“儿童书籍的质量”,C项“孩子们的课后活动”,D项“亲子关系”,均与题意不符。 29.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知,几乎没有阅读兴趣的比例,从1984年8%的13岁儿童和9%的17岁儿童分别上升到了今天的22%和27%。因此,第三段的内容是“children are reading a lot less for fun”的最好的佐证。 30.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句中的“mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知,许多家长限制孩子们电子阅读的时间,主要是因为担心孩子们看屏幕的时间增加,不利于孩子们的健康。 31.A　细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句中的“parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading”可知,父母是孩子阅读时的榜样和重要的指导者。 Passage 45 【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了Holker Hall & Gardens游览的途径、开放时间、收费标准及具体活动。 21.D　细节理解题。由文中“How to Get to Holker”部分第一段“Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes”可知,驾车从Manchester到Holker需要一个半小时,即90分钟,所以答案为D项。 22.B　细节理解题。由文中“Admission Charges”部分的收费标准可知,跟团到Hall & Gardens旅行的收费为￡9.00,答案为B项。此题容易误选A项,考生一定要注意题干中的a tour group。 23.D　细节理解题。由文中“Winter Market”部分的“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and...”可知,在Winter Market活动中游客可以欣赏到现场音乐会,所以答案为D项。 考点2　做人与做事 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“生命故事模型”,指出个人故事影响身份认同和心理健康。文章指出,我们可以通过改变自己的生命故事来改变心态,改善心理健康。 31.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,and they feel their life has more meaning,direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction,too.”可知,个人故事与幸福感相关。 32.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.”可知,西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。 33.D　推理判断题。文章开篇指出认识自我与他人认知存在差异,讲述自身故事有助于改变心态。接着详细介绍了Bob Johnson提出的“生命故事模型”,阐述了个人故事如何形成以及其对身份认同、生活意义感和心理健康的影响,最后还给出了通过选择重要日期开启新“篇章”来改变自己、掌握命运的建议。整体来看,作者主要是在“illustrate an approach(阐述一种方法)”。 34.A　主旨大意题。文章围绕个人故事与自我身份认同展开,详细阐述了个人故事如何构建以及它对自我身份认同的影响。因此,A选项“How self-identity works”是正确的。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历认识到,有时候需要接受并充分利用所提供的机会,即使它们一开始听起来并不完美。 24.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“My heart raced when I saw the email sender􀆳s name. (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时,我的心跳加速了)”以及“It ended with ‘We are sorry to inform you...’and my vision blurred(信的结尾是‘我们很抱歉地通知你……’我的视线模糊了)” 可知,作者收到的是被拒绝的邮件,所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。 25.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What she proposed didn􀆳t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.(她提出的项目似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋,但我打算全力以赴)”可知,与Devon教授交谈后,作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。 26.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn􀆳t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.(我可以在沙发上完成这个项目,而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成,项目不仅在封锁期间幸存下来,而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后,我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知,机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。 27.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Rather than setting plans in stone, I􀆳ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don􀆳t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.(我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会,即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美,也要充分利用,而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会可知,C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位女性Terri Bolton擅长DIY,自己能够做的事情从来不花钱雇人做。越来越多的人和她一样,喜欢自己动手,避免浪费。 24.C　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知,Terri Bolton擅长自己动手做事情,由此推断出a dab hand意为“专家,能手”,故选C项。 25.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“A day􀆳s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.”可知答案为B项。 26.A　推理判断题。根据短文第三段中的“So, it􀆳s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I􀆳ve moved out.”可知,由于Terri自己会修补墙上的洞和粉刷房屋,这样在搬走时,房屋看起来与原本搬进来时的样子差不多,避免了房东因房子有损坏而扣押金。故选A项。 27.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.”可知,虽然从传统上来说,DIY被视为男性的爱好,但研究表明现在是女性在起着引领作用。故选D项。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己浪费芝麻菜的例子引出食物浪费的主题,进而呼吁我们减少食物浪费。 24.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.”可知,朋友邀请作者就餐,作者把鸡肉放进冰柜里,但随着日子一天天过去,芝麻菜变坏了。由此猜测,作者提到芝麻菜是为了说明有时我们会无意识地浪费食物。 25.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”和“‘... it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知,食物浪费会造成环境危害。 26.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.”可知,该公司回收食物并把它制成更健康的食物。 27.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping”可知,Curtin建议我们只购买需要的东西。 Passage 5 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者十八岁前的成长经历。在成长的过程中,作者意识到一个人要获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。 41.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I, a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips.My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was.I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying ‘I􀆳m so different!’(我,一个黑人女孩,有着卷曲的头发和饱满的红唇。无论天气如何,我的鼻子上经常有一层薄薄的汗水。我只想把自己埋在壳里哭‘我太不一样了!’)”可知,作者的外表与其他的孩子不同,这使得作者不容易适应学校的生活。 42.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering, which had weakened my self-confidence.(导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃,这削弱了我的自信心。)”可知,作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。 43.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November!(令我惊讶的是,她的鼻子上也有薄薄的汗水,而且是在十一月!)”可知,作者见到小女孩儿有和她一样的情况感到很惊讶。根据“this isn􀆳t a genetic disorder after all.It􀆳s perfectly normal.”(这毕竟不是遗传疾病。这很正常。)”可知,作者此刻感到很放松。 44.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I􀆳m smart, I shouldn􀆳t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.(我大大地松了一口气,然后一个想法突然出现在我脑海中——如果我聪明,我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。)”可知,作者意识到口吃不应该是自己成功的障碍。 45.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“...and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is.That was where my struggle began.(……要获得它,一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我奋斗的开始。)”可知,本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊,首先要自爱。 Passage 6 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章的作者通过三个夏天的工作,开阔了视野,接受了真实世界的多样性,不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。 21.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair.(我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝色大眼睛的,也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知,当作者去了在Brooklyn的一所学校之后,发现学校里的人不一样。 22.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For the past three summers,I have worked in a government agency in New York.New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help.(过去的三个夏天,我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助,就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样。)”以及第一段中的“A few years later,as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn...(几年后,当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时……)”可知,当年的小女孩长大了,现在在纽约的一家政府机构工作,工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。 23.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom.Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today,I am no longer confused by this city􀆳s sounds and smells.Instead,enjoy its diversity.(这项工作拓展了我的思维,这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上,我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。相反,我会享受它的多样性)”可知,作者通过这项工作开阔了视野,拓展了思维,开始接受真实世界的多样性。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀,但研究发现,适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作,工作时要有积极的情绪,这会让自己在工作中更有效率。 27.D　推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success,but research has found that moderation also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀,但研究发现,适度的工作也会带来成果。)”并结合第二段可知, Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。 28.B　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光)”可知,while前后是对比关系,那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事被认为不努力工作,相反,那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人。由此猜测,画线单词go-getter,指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人。 29.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Also,there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外,许多研究表明,积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)”可知,愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。 30.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but research has found that moderation also gets results on the job(但研究发现,适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中的“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance,especially in simple jobs where it doesn􀆳t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关,尤其是在简单的工作中,追求完美并不值得。)”可知,文章主要介绍了研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果,所以文章提倡适度工作,即中庸的工作习惯。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。很多人对情商有误解,认为它代表的就是积极优秀的品质。总体而言,情商的普及利大于弊。希望未来的研究能让“情商”更好地服务于人们的生活。 32.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person􀆳s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and ‘people skills’.”可知,许多人误以为情商就是一个人所必须具有的品质,比如性格、积极性、自信、情绪稳定、乐观和“人际交往能力”,而所罗列的这些品质都是积极的品质。 33.B　推理判断题。第二段首先对情商这个概念进行了描述,然后列举了医生和骗子运用情商的例子,最后得出结论,一个高情商的人未必就是一个有道德的人。 34.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断,作者认为,情商的普及好处比坏处多。显然,作者对此持有赞同的态度。 观点态度题解题技巧 要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能主观臆断,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 35.B　主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知,人们希望未来的关注点是针对情商开展科学的、学术性的研究,用于指导人们少走弯路,更好地生活。这显然是对未来研究的期盼。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金,她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目,让艺术家进入学校。 28.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“I􀆳ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.(我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学)”可知,Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。 29.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“Andria􀆳s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.”以及“It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary”可知,Craig-Martin认为当学校不够重视艺术的时候,Andria开展的这个优秀的项目非常受欢迎,并且认为艺术是不必要的观点是错误的。由此可推知,Craig-Martin认为英国学校的艺术教学应该得到更多的关注。故选D项。 30.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.(未来取决于创造力,而创造力取决于年轻人)”可知,Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。 31.A　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher,said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution.‘We are going to make a change,’she said.‘I􀆳ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.’(伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示,她想掀起一场课堂革命。‘我们将做出改变,’她说。‘我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。’)”可知,文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目,将艺术家带进学校,促进艺术教学。 Passage 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织的实习项目。 21.C　细节理解题。根据What are the requirements?部分的“You should have a good command of either English or French.(你应该精通英语或法语)”可知,申请者必须精通英语或法语。 22.A　细节理解题。根据What do you need to prepare?部分的“UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30,000 for the internship period”可知,联合国教科文组织将为实习生提供有限的医疗保险。 23.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form”可知,在填写申请表之前,申请人应把动机信准备好。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文为议论文。本文主要围绕天才这一话题展开,介绍了天才的标准在过去和当代的变化。 32.A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,“天才俱乐部”的加入标准是由胜利者制定的,俱乐部之外的人即使做出巨大贡献,因为性别、肤色或信仰的原因,也得不到认可。由此推断,作者认为这种入选标准是不公平的。 33.D　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are ‘really,really smart.’”可知,六岁左右的小女孩受社会信念的影响,避开那些被认为是非常聪明的小孩才能参加的活动。由此推断,女孩的行为很可能受到社会信念的影响。 34.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication,we􀆳re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.”可知,现在越来越多的天才被人们所熟知,是因为全球的通信交流得到了极大的改善。 35.B　主旨大意题。文章首先提出了什么是天才这个问题,然后分析了天才被局限到某个特定范围的不公平性,最后说明随着全球交流的发展,越来越多的天才被公众熟知,天才有着各种类型和特点,因此B项“天才有多种形式”符合文章主题。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了联合办公区域有助于使人注意力集中并且激发员工的创造力思维。 32.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“That􀆳s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.”可知,focus和选项中的concentrate都表示“注意力集中”。 33.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中however之后的话语可知,70分贝组做得明显比其他组好。 34.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The problem may be that,in our offices,we can􀆳t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others􀆳 conversations while we􀆳re trying to focus.”可知,当我们试图注意力集中时,我们无法阻止自己不被别人的谈话所吸引。 35.D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的During an interview for one of my books可知,作者是一名作家。 Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明,那些需要大量分析思考、计划和其他管理技能并且具有挑战性的工作,可能会帮助人们的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。 28.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers􀆳 memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1 000多名年龄在75岁以上的退休工人,通过一系列测试评估了志愿者的记忆力和思维能力。)”可知,科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。 29.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句“This works just like physical exercise(这就像体育锻炼一样有效)”及接下来解释“长跑后你可能会感到痛苦和疲惫,但它确实能强身健体。工作一天后劳累,也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知,Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”进行类比来解释她的研究发现。 30.C　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking,planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age...需要大量分析思维、计划和其他管理技能的具有挑战性的工作可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐……”及下文内容可知,文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏锐。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。爱丽丝·摩尔是一个青少年创业者,她在2015年建立了自己的公司,之后她致力于帮助其他人开心快乐地生活。 34.B　推理判断题。根据第二段的第五句“So she desired to get round the warning, ‘Why can􀆳t I make a healthy candy...’”可知,摩尔想找到一种两全其美的方法,所以选B项。 35.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“With her dad􀆳s permission, she spent...to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.”可知,她所建立的公司生产的糖对孩子们的牙齿有好处,所以选择A项。 36.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.”可知,摩尔想利用自己的技能帮助其他人找到微笑。所以选B项。 37.C　推理判断题。通读全文可知,摩尔的成功源于她积极的想法和行动。 Passage 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个为青年人提供夏季就业岗位的项目及申请条件等。 21.B　细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分第一句“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知,Summer Company的特别之处在于它为创业者提供奖金。 22.D　细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分第二句“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知, Stewardship Youth Ranger Program需要年龄在16至17岁之间。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分最后一句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知,Summer Employment Opportunities这一项目对残疾人有利。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍正在崛起的中国建筑师的代表性人物——王澍。他的作品向我们展示了他对现代和传统建筑学的深层和独特的解读。 28.B　推理判断题。由第二段中的“Wang Shu...won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize...He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.”可推知,在王澍之前,没有中国人曾获此殊荣,他是中国第一位获得国际认可的建筑师,所以答案为B项。 29.C　细节理解题。由第四段中的“The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by...”可知,王澍设计的校园建筑风格独树一帜,和其他大学完全不同,很多游客对此惊叹不已,所以使游客印象深刻的应该是这个校区的独特建筑风格。 30.D　细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“This creation...thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).”及第六段中的“Wang􀆳s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance...”可知,王澍的设计把现代与传统中国元素进行了完美融合,即新旧的和谐统一,最终获得成功,所以答案为D项。 31.D　细节理解题。由最后一段内容可知,对传统的研究必须要和实践相结合,否则对传统建筑学的再利用就会显得虚假和空洞,所以答案为D项。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文是议论文。生活其实不需要过多的外在物质,只要你专注其中,同样可以让你过得充实、精彩。 32.A　词义猜测题。由第一段首句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”及该段最后“live more with less”可知,成年人明白越多越好是什么感受,而作者认为拥有的物品很少也能活得很开心,所以答案为A项“越多越好”。B项“适可而止”;C项“钱越多,忧虑越多”;D项“赚得多,花得多”。 33.C　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“She chose to sell a few larger objects...when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).”可知,女儿之所以同意卖掉自己不经常用的东西,是因为“我们”承诺会把这些钱存入她的学校基金中,女儿将来当医生要用,所以答案为C项。 34.A　细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this.”可知,作者和儿子玩球的目的在于检验自己“live more with less”想法的正确性,所以答案为A项。 35.C　主旨大意题。作者在文中倡导的观念是“live more with less”,并通过亲身体验去验证该观念是否正确可行,由此可知C项正确。 寻读主题句,概括文章主旨 作答时,要抓住文章的主题句,这种概括文章中心思想的主题句往往分布于文章的各个部分。在演绎类议论文、先议后叙的记叙文、新闻报道中,通常文章的第一句就是主题句;在归纳类议论文中,前面的内容作为铺垫,最后一段是对整篇文章的概括和总结;在先叙后议的文章中,最后一段则是作者对所述事件的议论,是文章的精髓。解题时,首先使用寻读法找出主题句,然后根据主题句概括文章的主旨。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。作者通过回忆自己与好友的初次见面,两人友谊的发展,相同的性格,以及共同的信仰,来纪念这位好朋友。 24.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When the studio didn􀆳t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul...”可知,工作室不想把那个角色给作者的原因是他不出名,故C项正确。 25.D　细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是第三、四句“Both of us had the qualities and virtues....Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知,作者和Paul有着相似的品质和美德,因而他们之间的友谊持久。 26.A　词义猜测题。本段讲的是他们共同的信仰。开头说“We shared the belief that...”,这里又说“but sharing that brought us together”,画线词that就是指他们共同的信仰(belief)。 看前后,猜指代 由于代词词性功能的限制,代词所指代的通常为名词、名词性短语或句子。根据指代临近原则可知,通常代词指代的对象离代词不会很远。因此考生在解题过程中只需瞻前顾后,考虑代词出现位置的前句和后句,考虑话题的一致性,进行分辨即可推出答案。 27.B　推理判断题。作者在开始讲述自己第一次见到 Paul Newman的情景,后面叙述两人的友谊,相同的性格,共同的信仰。最后一段提到最后一次见他。作者写作的目的就是怀念一位朋友,因此B项正确。 考点3　社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。 21.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin􀆳s natural areas from the Marin headlands to Bolinas Ridge.”可知,这个栖息地修复工作队的工作目标是“帮助修复Marin Headlands和Bolinas Ridge之间的自然区域”,C项“为了保护当地的生态系统”符合题意。 22.B　细节理解题。根据“AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING”部分的第一段第一句“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知,加入这个团队的志愿者最低年龄限制为10岁。 23.B　细节理解题。根据“AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING”部分的第三段第一句“We􀆳ll be working rain or shine.”可知,做这份工作需要风雨无阻,即志愿者甚至在天气不好时也会工作。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。旧金山湾区BART通过小亭提供不同长度的短故事,以提升乘客体验,从而吸引更多乘客。 24.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的提问“Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read?”和第三段中Alicia Trost的描述可知,BART的小亭提供不同长度的短故事和诗歌,旨在满足乘客的阅读需求。 25.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute story”可知,乘客可以在小亭选择一分钟、三分钟或五分钟阅读长度的故事,由此表明故事是按照篇幅来分类的。 26.A　细节理解题。根据第五段的“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”和“we􀆳ve received about 120 submissions”可知,最近Trost一直在组织故事竞赛。 27.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可推知,她坚信通过提供短故事可以改善乘客体验,从而吸引更多的乘客。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗资源不足的问题而运营的Saint Lukas 医疗车。 28.C　 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,Saint Lukas 列车只允许病人乘坐,是政府资助的一辆医疗列车,列车上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此,该列车与其他列车的不同之处在于它的作用相当于一家医院。 29.D　 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,...to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.”可知,政府激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。由此推测,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。 30.D　 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”可知,该列车会在大约八个站点停留两周多,然后返回补充燃料和进行补给。由此可知,该列车进行一次补给后可工作大约两周。 第四段中提到“For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations...”,由于该段中提到10个月,所以有些考生会误以为该列车运行十个月才会进行一次补给,从而错选B项。 31.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的话“I was very impressed...”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”可知,Ducke 对该列车的服务持欣赏和赞扬的态度。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁公司——MacBike以及它推出的城市之旅项目。 21.B　细节理解题。根据Why MacBike部分中的“...including basic bikes with foot brake,bikes with hand brake and gears,bikes with child seats,and children􀆳s bikes.”可知,该公司的优势是它能提供多种类型的自行车。故选B项。 22.C　细节理解题。根据Prices表格中的“Hand Brake,Three Gears”可知,租用一天价格是14.75欧元,每增加一天收费8欧元,因此租一辆带手动刹车和三个挡位的自行车两天需要支付22.75欧元。故选C项。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Guided City Tours部分中的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour...”可知,有导游的城市观光是从达姆广场出发的。故选D项。 Passage 5 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位医学界从业人员的基本情况。 21.C　细节理解题。根据Jacqueline介绍中的“where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”以及James介绍中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,她们两人的共同之处是都可以做外科手术。 22.A　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian介绍中的最后一句“In 1511,Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.”可知,她写了一本书。其余三人的介绍中都没有提到写过书。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler介绍中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.”可知,她是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。 Passage 6 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。英国的一家慈善组织别出心裁,让养老院里的老人通过养鸡来减少孤独感,以提高老年人的幸福感。 28.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people􀆳s wellbeing.”可知,该项目旨在减少老年人的孤独感,提高老年人的幸福感。 29.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I􀆳m enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful.”可知,她做了些有用的事情感觉很棒。由此推测,该项目让她有了成就感。 30.C　词义猜测题。根据上文提到的温迪·威尔逊经理,结合画线短语前面的“one of the first”以及下文提到的内容可知,她是第一批实施这个项目的人。由此猜测,画线短语的意思是“着手,开始”,与begin意思相同。 31.A　推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project...”和“We are happy to be taking part in the project.”可知,该项目深受欢迎。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马四个旅社的位置、价格和服务等相关信息。 21.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rome can be pricey for travelers,which is why many choose to stay in a hostel.”可知,罗马对旅行者来说是个价格很贵的地方,旅行者们选择住在旅社的原因在于价格因素。 22.B　细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分的“If you love social hostels...Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots,bar crawls and karaoke.”可知,在Hostel Alessandro Palace,工作人员会为客人举办大量的酒吧活动,所以最适合喜欢社交活动的人。 23.C　细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分的“However,you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”可知,在这家旅社客人每天需要为Wi-Fi支付2欧元。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目(OIC)不会达到他的期望,但是最后通过努力对自己和他人都带来了影响。 24.D　细节理解题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.(我对这个组织的第一印象是,它不会对我心中的计划产生足够大的影响)”可知,一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。 25.A　细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website,I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair and need that I joined this project without hesitation.(当我上网访问OIC 网站时,我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上有力地传达出了他们的绝望和需要帮助的信息,我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目)”可知,伊拉克儿童图片让作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。 26.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“With our efforts,ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.”可知,作者所在的伊拉克儿童行动组织将帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。 27.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到自己的期望,但是最后通过努力对自己和他人都带来了影响,这说明第一印象并不总是可信的。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究,结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在,但人们也会根据自身调整这种影响。 12.D　细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句可知,这项研究是关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的。 13.D　词义猜测题。由第一段第二句,现行研究表明你应该避免与点大份餐的胖人一同吃饭,但与此相反,这项研究结果显示,你真正应该回避的是大饭量的细高个儿。最后一段也有提示。 14.A　推理判断题。由第三段可推知,研究者们雇用一位演员,目的在于看他如何影响参与者的胃口。 15.C　推理判断题。由最后一段描述可知,如果一位超重的人吃得多,“我”会减量,因为我能看到他饮食习惯的结果;但瘦人吃得多,“我”则会跟随。由此可推知,人们饭量的调整是基于对吃饭的人的看法。 Passage 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在2020年5月7日之前,中国抗击新冠肺炎的几个重要日期以及发生的事情。 56.A　细节理解题。根据题干中的时间很容易锁定考查范围,采用对号入座的方法不难确定答案为A项。 57.C　细节理解题。根据题干中的“私家车被允许出武汉”可知,答案为C项,原文的“Mar 18,2020~Apr 28,2020”部分中的Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions“武汉取消出境交通限制”与之吻合。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿的Bellevue采用了适应性信号灯,极大缓解了交通压力。这也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题积极采用新方法而不再只是通过拓宽道路来缓解交通拥挤。 25.C　代词指代题。根据“代词that上指,this下指”的原则,结合上一段特别是最后一句“Just like the traffic itself,the timing of the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会变化。)”可推知,that指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。 26.D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句“...adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.(……适应性信号灯并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药。)”和第二句“...others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.(……其他城市交通堵塞如此严重,只有减少道路上的车辆才能起到有意义的作用。)”可推知,Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对交通堵塞很严重的城市帮助不大。 27.A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“These lights,known as adaptive signals,have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.(这些被称为自适应信号的灯,已经显著降低了往返于工作和家之间的麻烦和成本。)”和文章最后一段第一句“In Bellevue,the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.(在Bellevue向适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样。)”可推知,从Bellevue的成功可推知,鼓励尝试新事物。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了车票、失物招领、公共假日、残疾人辅助及车次等火车服务的相关信息。 21.C　细节理解题。由文章第一段“For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”可知,如果想查寻火车票相关信息,可咨询当地车站或打13 12 30查询。 22.B　细节理解题。由文章“Lost property”部分“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知,失物招领处位于Roma Street车站。 23.B　细节理解题。由文章“Guardian trains (outbound)”部分可知,从Central到Varsity Lakes要乘坐晚上7:29的火车。 Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是应用文。本文主要介绍一个名叫“全球发展协会”的组织招聘志愿者的广告。 31.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes”可知,这些志愿者将在项目的安全和有些管理中发挥重要的作用。本题中关键词为running(管理),所以选C项。 32.D　细节理解题。根据表格中各个项目的开始时间可以发现,只有在South Africa举办的为期4周的项目在八月初开始,所以选D项。 33.D　推理判断题。根据表格下面一段的最后一句“All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.”可知,所有的项目的目的都是促进贫穷偏僻的社区的发展,所以选D项。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Zachariah Fike的一项特殊爱好。他在古董店和互联网上买到军队勋章,然后把它们归还给勋章的拥有者。 21.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.”可知,Zac当兵时在一次战斗中赢得了一枚紫心勋章。所以选A项。 22.B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后的“‘At that point,I knew she meant business,’ Zac says.‘To drive eight hours to come to see me.’”可推知,她非常重视这件事情,开车八个小时来见“我”。词组mean business意为“是认真的,当真的”,所以选B项。 23.D　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“ ‘But as I grew older,’ Adeline says,‘and missed my brother more and more,I realized that was the only thing we had left.’”可推知,Adeline之所以珍惜这枚勋章,是因为这枚勋章成为Adeline思念哥哥的唯一物件,故D项正确。 Passage 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了赢得欢迎度的两种类型及这两种类型对日后生活和成功的影响。结果表明,与人为善,人缘不会差。 32.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“During the rosy years of elementary school,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.”可知,在小学阶段,作者是一个慷慨大方的姑娘,人缘很好。 33.A　主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.”可知,本段主要论述人气的分类:讨人喜爱型与追求地位型。 34.B　推理判断题。根据第五、六段可知,乐于分享、仁慈善意、开放心态能够使人更好地建立人脉。讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活体验相关,而且与人生的成功和幸福相关。受欢迎的孩子能为未来的人生际遇创造机会。他们会更能适应未来的生存挑战。 35.A　主旨大意题。本文分别讲了受欢迎的两种类型可能在社会长远生活中产生的影响。因追求权力和地位而惹人喜爱的人与最不受欢迎的人相仿,他们更倾向于采取冒险举动。因此这种类型更容易给人的发展带来负面影响。最后证实最受欢迎的人能对日后长远生活带来的好处。由此推知,我们要做一个受欢迎的人,这样你在社会交往中不会差。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。作者介绍了自己说服他人参与志愿者工作的经历,论述了志愿者工作的特殊意义。 24.C　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“You can use me as a last resort,and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。 25.B　词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段的“She may just need a little persuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。 26.D　推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。 27.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.”可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过建议陌生人之间进行交流引出本文的话题——闲谈,并介绍了闲谈的益处,指出“闲谈是礼貌的基础”。 32.C　推理判断题。第一段描述:我们在电梯里,或在银行、机场排队时,周围满是盯着手机屏幕的人,甚至是与让人不舒服的沉默作斗争的人。故可知,第一段描述的是陌生人之间缺少交流的一种现象,故选C项。 33.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句可知,成功的闲谈的关键是学习如何与他人取得联系,而不仅仅是交流,故选B项。 34.D　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“significantly higher positive feelings”可知,在咖啡店,与服务员进行简短的交流,会让你有很显著的愉快的情绪和更好的咖啡馆体验,也就是说,你的心情会很好,故选D项。 35.C　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,文章以陌生人之间几乎无交流的现象引出本文主题——闲谈,紧接着通过实例介绍了闲谈的好处,故C项最适合作本文标题。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者在野生动物园当志愿者时的一次经历。他帮助拯救了一只当时只有两三周大的猫头鹰。 24.A　推理判断题。 从文章第一段的“Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.”可知,试图帮助那些受伤的、流离失所的或生病的动物有时候是令人心碎的,因为无法保证它们一定会幸存下来。有时候,所有的救援都是徒劳的。 25.C　细节理解题。从文章第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl on the ground.”可知,作者到Muttontown去是为了拯救一只猫头鹰雏鸟。 26.A　细节理解题。从文章第四段的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfort-able.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.”可知,作者把一些松树枝放进篮子里,给这只猫头鹰雏鸟做了一个既安全又舒适的鸟巢。有了这个新的鸟巢,这只猫头鹰雏鸟很快就安静下来了。 27.B　推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知,文章中这个故事的结局是美好的。鸟巢里的这只猫头鹰雏鸟看起来健康又活泼。最伟大的一幕是,在鸟巢里陪伴它的还有一顿午餐。文章第一段最后一句也有提示。 考点4　文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。卡洛秋季徒步节提供不同难度的徒步活动,适合初学者和有经验的徒步者,包括自然探索、山地技能学习、夜间徒步和森林摄影。 21.D　细节理解题。根据“Walk 1-The Natural World”中的“Walk Duration:6 hours”;“Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking”中的“Walk Duration:5 hours”;“Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars”中的“Walk Duration:3 hours”以及“Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest”中的“Walk Duration:1.5 hours”可知,Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest用时最短。 22.A　细节理解题。根据“Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars”中的“A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.”可知,Walk 3的参与者需要穿着合适的衣服并携带手电筒。着装不合格者将被劝退。 23.D　细节理解题。通读全文可知,Walk 1和Walk 3在周六进行,而 Walk 2和Walk 4在周日进行。因此文中徒步活动的共同点是都被安排在周末。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了集表演、艺术展览、艺术创作等活动为一体的校园艺术节。 21.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances,art exhibitions and art-making activities.”可知 ARTS FIRST包含表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动,这些都属于娱乐活动。 22.A　细节理解题。根据Light Awashin Watercolor部分的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint...Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists...”可知,如果你对绘画感兴趣,你可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。 23.B　细节理解题。根据Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity部分的“Join Javier Marin...while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.”可知,你可以和Javier Marin一起用手工艺材料制作工艺品。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。本文的作者从自己的阅读体验出发,认识到结局应适合角色而非仅追求快乐,这对写作结局有重要启示。 32.A　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“I didn􀆳t like the ending”可知,作者跟教授说自己不喜欢一本小说的结尾。结合第一段第三句可知,作者刚刚读完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》这本小说,其结尾令人心碎。由此推测,作者是为了和教授探讨一本小说。 33.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This was an aha moment for me,and I never thought about endings the same way again.”以及下文所罗列出来的不同文学作品的不同结尾可知,作者意识到每种类型的文学作品都有其独特的结尾。 34.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“You have to balance creating an ending that􀆳s unpredictable,but doesn􀆳t seem to come from nowhere,one that fits what􀆳s right for the characters.”可知,一个好的结尾不能显得突兀,必须符合人物的设定,必须与故事的发展相匹配。 35.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.”可知,这两位作家都提出了关于如何写出最佳结尾的建议——这与本期杂志的主题相关。由此推测,本文作者提到这两位作家的目的是强调本期杂志的主题。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了自己的一本书,该书旨在教会读者如何远离电子产品,帮助读者建立一种适合自己的极简主义生活方式。 28.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism...”可知,该书的目的是提倡一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。 29.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知,这个过程(即指the digital declutter)要求读者在30天内远离可选的网络活动,所以作者应是建议读者进行数字产品的清理。由此猜测,画线词declutter表示“清理”,与clear-up含义相近。故选A项。 30.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You􀆳ll hear these participants􀆳 stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.”可知,在第一部分的最后一章中,作者提供了一些真实的案例。故选C项。 31.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.”可知,作者建议读者把书中这些做法看作是一个工具箱,以此帮助自己建立一种适合个人特殊情况的极简主义生活方式。由此可知,作者建议读者根据需要来使用书中第二部分所提供的做法。 故选A项。 Passage 5 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书——Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景,论述了在通信技术发达的现在,纸质书仍然具有互动性,并没有过时。 28.A　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object-the book,represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知,本文介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书。 29.C　推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“In artists􀆳 representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.”和第二段中关于不同人物和阅读场景的描述可知,选取的艺术作品是与书籍和阅读相关的。 30.A　词义猜测题。根据“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.(这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都可以　　　的时刻)”可知,此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带,故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解;了解”。  31.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知,虽然印刷的书籍相对于电子书籍来说是古老的,但它仍旧有自己存在的理由。由此推出,作者提及电子书籍读者,是为了突出印刷书籍并没有完全过时。 Passage 6 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。在一个晚上,作者在晚餐后决定步行回家,偶然发现一家迷人的小提琴店。透过窗户,她被里面的小提琴吸引,勾起了对童年的回忆,尤其是她父亲的支持。此后,她投身于小提琴演奏,最终获得了社区管弦乐队的第一把手位置。 39.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.(当我的目光停留在它们身上时,我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去)”和第四段中的“My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom.(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好,其中大部分都是妈妈选择的)”可知,透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。 40.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I would have given it up if I had not heard my father􀆳s encouraging shouts to cheer me on.When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声,我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时,他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里,告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)”可知,爸爸是关心和支持作者的。 41.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“But the violin...ah, the violin.It made the sweetest sound I􀆳d ever heard! My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune.For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.( 但是小提琴……啊,小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音!我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)”可知,是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。 42.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability.(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴,并且能力迅速提升)”可知,作者进步飞速,所以才成为首席。 43.B　主旨大意题。通读文章可知,作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。她非常热爱小提琴,进步飞速,很快成为了管弦乐团的首席。由此可知,兴趣爱好是最好的老师,能创造奇迹。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者推荐了Eric Weiner的一本书The Socrates Express:In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers,这本书以简单朴素的语言向读者讲述了哲学,值得一读。 28.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy.”可知,Jostein Gaarder的书籍Sophie􀆳s World为作者打开了哲学的大门,故选C项。 29.D　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.”可推知,作者之所以列举这些哲学家,是为了方便读者理解Weiner的书,故选D项。 30.B　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.”可推断,这本书可以帮我们改善生活,也就是说,我们可以把这本书应用到生活中。故选B项。 31.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.”中的fun和simplicity可知,作者认为这本书幽默风趣、简单易懂。故选D项。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了文字和实物史料共同记录历史的重要性,不能仅凭文字记载历史。 32.A　主旨大意题。通读第一段内容可知,作者认为不能只通过文本来讲述历史,因为世界上大多数地方在大多数时候都没有文字,而且,甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字,而且用实物记录他们的担忧。作者开篇点题,引出了文章所要讨论的主题:应如何呈现过去的事件。故选A项。 33.D　推理判断题。根据本段第一句话可知,作者提及库克船长是暗示他的记录是单方面的,是片面的。本段举例是为了论证段落主旨句第一句,只有文字是不全面的,还需要实物,也就是shield。故选D项。 在议论文中,举例说明部分之前的语句,常常就是论点,就是作者要阐述的观点,而例子就是论据,是依据。因此,从“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can􀆳t.(理想情况下,历史将把文本和物体结合在一起,本书的某些章节能够做到这一点,但在许多情况下,我们根本做不到。)”不难看出,作者举例说明是在暗示什么。 34.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前部分中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”可知,此处的conversation指的“历史”。同时重申本文论点:要了解历史,不仅需要文字,还需要实物。故选B项。 35.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.”和“a history told through things”以及“we have to read not just the texts,but the objects”可知,本文选自A History of the World in 100 Objects.故选C项。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学心脏病专家本·莱文博士通过对两组中年人进行的长达两年的研究发现,有氧运动使中年人的心脏变得更加年轻。 32.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning,it is flexible,but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken”以及“That􀆳s what happens to the heart.”可知,Levine提到橡皮筋,是为了向人们解释心脏衰老的过程。故选D项。 33.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise...three times a week.”以及“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise...a week”可知,这两组中年人在训练方式和类型上不同,一组是无氧运动,一周三次;另一组是高强度的有氧运动,一周四天以上。故选C项。 34.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After two years,the second gruop saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”以及第四段中的“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year old hearts”可知,Levine的实验结果表明,有氧运动使中年人的心脏变得更年轻。故选A项。 35.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.”可知,Dr.Nieca Goldberg认为这项研究规模很小,需要在更大的人群中重复,以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面产生了最大的影响。由此推断,他建议进行进一步的研究。故选C项。 Passage 10 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么,人生的目的不是生而快乐,而是生而有益。 51.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处,但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知,对美好生活的狭隘看法会让我们目光短浅、短视。 52.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报,因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知,我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。 53.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而,当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时,我们不仅享受我们做的事情,而且做事也有毫不费力的感觉。)”可知,带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情,越享受做某件事,做事就越有动力。 54.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(错误的知识比无知更危险。)”可知,当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候,就算意图良好,也可能会导致不好的、违背预期的结局。 55.A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“If love is the engine of a car,knowledge is the steering wheel.(如果爱是汽车的发动机,那么知识就是方向盘。)”可知,由爱激励,由知识指引,生活才能变得真正美好。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游,后来通过机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象的故事。 28.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“has had a deep love for travel”以及“her sons eventually flew the nest”可知,Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了,自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。 29.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica...”以及第三句中的“I just decided I wanted to go”可知,在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票,然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”,符合题意。 30.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land,to be respected by humans...”可知,它应该被很好地保护。注意 “hit home to sb” 意为“切中要害,使人接受”,不指“家”的概念。 31.B　主旨大意题。文章从第一段就提到Ginni去了南极洲,第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件,第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行,最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文,且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”可知,一次难忘的经历最合适。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰著名画家Henry Raeburn的作品展,包括系列讲座的时间安排、展览的时间、收费标准以及打折活动等。 21.B　细节理解题。根据文中Raeburn􀆳s English Contemporaries的表格信息可知,恰当的参加时间为10月30日,星期四。 22.B　细节理解题。根据题干中的信息可知,参观者为一对夫妇外加两个十二岁以下的孩子,再根据Admission中的内容可知,一名成年人可带十二岁以下儿童参观,儿童免费,成年人一位需要花费4英镑,两个大人是8英镑。 23.C　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“full-time students”以及“group discounts”可迅速定位到正文最后一段内容,由文中“in organised groups with teachers”可知,在老师带领下才享有折扣。 Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是一篇书评。文章介绍了Dorothy Wickenden写的一本小说,包括故事的主人公、故事发生的背景、故事的教育意义等。 24.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“...to teach in a one-room schoolhouse”可知,两个女孩来到美国的落基山脉地区是为了教书育人。 25.D　推理判断题。根据第三段的细节内容“rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt” “children weeping from the cold” “the snow was replaced by mud over ice”可知,当地的生活和居住条件非常恶劣,两个女孩吃了很多苦。 26.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads”可知,在刺眼的暴风雪中打孔钻穿落基山脉是令人毛骨悚然的部分。 27.B　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,文章首先介绍了小说的两位主人公以及作者,然后介绍了故事发生的地点和大致内容,最后介绍了小说的特色与优点,由此推断,这是一篇书评。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Robert Titterton是一位律师,但他很喜欢音乐,业余时间他在舞台上为钢琴家Maria Raspopova翻乐谱。翻乐谱这份工作看似简单,其实要求很高。 24.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“but I􀆳ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria”可知,要想为钢琴家翻乐谱,必须能够识谱。 25.C　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可推断,在台上为钢琴家翻乐谱这项工作看似简单,实则不然,是一份“要求高”的工作。 26.B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,舞台上的无声交流是很关键的,每位钢琴家都有属于自己风格的点头示意的方式,翻乐谱的人必须学会察言观色,才能与演奏者配合高度默契,而这需要双方经过大量的练习才能实现。 27.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断,Raspopova的丈夫很喜欢音乐,但是他在舞台上只顾欣赏每一个音符,忘记了自己的翻乐谱工作,所以妻子需要不断提醒他,并称其“the worst page turner”。 Passage 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者喜爱写作,于是制定计划一直坚持下来。 41.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“When people ask me how I started writing,I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language.(当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候,我发现自己在描述一种用语言工作的迫切需求。)”可知,促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。 42.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“When I returned home,there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.”可知,当作者决定开始写作时,因为她忙碌了一天之后,筋疲力尽,于是无法再写作了。 43.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm􀆳s reach.The second day I set two clocks,one on my night table,and one out in the hallway.”可知,作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟是为了强迫自己起床。 44.A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Since that first morning in 1978,I have been following the habit to this day,not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.”可知,作者能够写完小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作,从不找借口。 45.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control.(我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。)”以及文章第四段中的“Since that first morning in 1978,I have been following the habit to this day,not making or accepting many excuses for not writing.(从1978年的第一个早晨开始,我一直遵循这个习惯,直到今天,不为不写作找任何借口。)”可知,紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。许多科技公司正在推进、研发“数字人类”。但一些科学家对此表示怀疑,并指出了“数字人类”并不是真正的人类,有很多缺陷。 46.D　细节理解题。根据第二段“...which appear life like on the screen not only in terms of language,but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows,a smile,even a nod.(……这种人在屏幕上看起来栩栩如生,不仅因为语言,还因为面部动作:眉毛扬起、微笑,甚至点头。)”可知,UneeQ的“数字人类”在言语和面部表情等方面与人类相似。 47.A　细节理解题。根据第三段“...with a ‘digital brain’,that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions expressed by its ‘digital people’ (……拥有一个‘数字大脑’,它模仿人脑的各个方面来调节‘数字人类’所表达的情绪。)”可知,灵魂机器的数字大脑是一项技术突破,因为它能模仿人类的大脑并做出适当的情绪反应。 48.C　推理判断题。根据第四段“...,but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively know how other humans react.(……但他们的行为方式可能不同,人类只是本能地知道其他人的反应。)”可知,在Mohan看来,“数字人类”缺少人类本能的判断。 49.A　细节理解题。根据第五段“Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally,they might be left behind(除非这些行业将它们的商业模式数字化得更高效,否则它们可能会被甩在后面)”可知,害怕效率落后让许多行业使用“数字人类”。 50.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mohan is cautious about this approach,yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed.(Mohan对这种方法持谨慎态度,但她支持这些数字生物背后的目的,并对他们的未来持乐观态度)”可知,Mohan认为“数字人类”的未来是有希望的。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。Nielsen小的时候,家里很穷。受叔叔的影响,他从小想成为一名演员。在他踏入演艺生涯32年之后,他在一部电影中的喜剧表演使他一举成名。 21.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting”可知,对叔叔的钦佩以及叔叔所得到的尊重激励着Nielsen在表演方面成就一番事业。由此可见,他希望成为像叔叔一样的人。故选C项。 22.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success...”可知,在他职业生涯的后半段,他以喜剧表演而成名。故选D项。 23.D　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,Nielsen受到叔叔的影响,从小就想成为一名演员,并一直坚守决心,直到1980年,在他踏入演艺生涯32年之后,他开始因其在一部电影中的喜剧表演而走红,最终成为一名优秀的喜剧演员。他的故事充分说明“有志者,事竟成”。故选D项。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文为应用文。文章首先介绍了一项非常著名的针对摄影师的比赛,然后详细介绍了两位摄影师的作品。 21.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond”可知,最有可能参加这个比赛的是摄影师们。 22.A　细节理解题。根据表格第一部分内容的第一句中的“cold winter􀆳s evening and freezing fog”以及第二部分内容的第一句中的“some winter images”可知,两位摄影大师作品的共同之处是都展现了冬日的景象。 23.C　推理判断题。文章首先介绍了一项重要的摄影比赛,然后介绍了两位摄影大师的作品。由此可推知,本文可能出自一本艺术杂志。 Passage 19 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上几个最大的体育场的相关信息。 21.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However...which accommodated around 250,000 people.”可知,该体育场可容纳大约25,000人。 22.C　细节理解题。根据最后的黑体字部分比较不同体育场的开放年代可知,Ohio Stadium最古老。 23.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知,这些体育场的共同点是都开放并举办世界重大的体育赛事。 应用文着重考查考生对细节理解的把握。大多题目按照段落发展顺序设置,规律鲜明,各小题之间互不干扰。这类文章考查的题目相对容易,不易丢分。应对这类文章,可以采取先题后文的顺序答题。省时省力,且正确率高。 具体解题步骤: 第一步:阅读题目找出关键词; 第二步:带着关键词锁定位置,找出相关信息; 第三步:对比选项及文章原句,确定答案。 Passage 20 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。一个17岁的女孩想为林肯总统做一个全身的塑像,总统一开始持怀疑态度,但是小女孩的认真执着最终说服了他。 41.B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推断,Vinnie一开始并不自信,是在她的老师的鼓励下,她才向林肯总统提出请求的。 42.D　推理判断题。根据第四、五段内容可推断,对于Vinnie的请求,林肯总统一开始持怀疑的态度。 43.C　细节理解题。根据第六段Vinnie所说的话可知,为了证明自己有能力做一个全身的塑像,Vinnie强调了她之前做过的繁重的体力劳动。 44.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三、四段内容可推断,Vinnie之所以选择靠窗的一个角落,是为了避免打扰林肯总统工作。 45.A　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,一个认真执着的小姑娘最终说服了林肯总统,为他做一个全身的塑像。由此推断,意志坚强的人能达到自己的目的。 Passage 21 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了诗歌大赛的章程,包括奖项和规则。 1.A　细节理解题。由“Prizes”部分第一段中的第一句可知,3名大奖获得者可获得免费到华盛顿的旅行,其中包含获奖者父亲或母亲,另外获奖者可再选一人,即每位大奖获得者可带2人参加免费旅行。 2.C　细节理解题。由“Prizes”部分第三段可知,50名提名奖获得者可得到一件特殊的T恤衫。 3.B　细节理解题。由“Rules”部分中的“Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.”可知,120词的诗歌不符合要求。 Passage 22 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍Bissell先生重回乌兹别克斯坦,将旅途中所见所闻写成一本书,融入历史洞见和文化内涵,从西方人的角度全方位地再现乌兹别克斯坦的现状。 8.B　细节理解题。由第一段第三句可知,Bissell先生之所以回到乌兹别克斯坦,是因为他被这个国家深深吸引。 9.D　代词指代题。由第一段末句以及第二段第一句可知,代词that指代上文中出现的Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦,所写的一篇关于咸海消失的文章。 10.B　推理判断题。由第三段的描述可知,Bissell的乌兹别克斯坦之行充满了友善和温暖,也了解到了社会的阴暗面。在前往布哈拉的途中他曾被怀疑贩毒被警方拘捕。在费尔干纳,他参加了一个葬礼,后又参加了一场怪异的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦他又遭遇了沙尘暴、疾病及渔船被困等事情,所以说Bissell的乌兹别克斯坦之行有很多变故。 11.A　推理判断题。作者开门见山,提到Bissell先生回到乌兹别克斯坦来写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。接下来介绍他此行远远超越了这一点,他出版了《追寻大海:消失在中亚帝国的魂魄中》一书,讲述了旅途中的种种经历。最后一段指出,Bissell以高超的技艺将历史洞见和文化内涵融入他的故事中,从西方人的视角全方位地再现乌兹别克斯坦的现状。所以本文作者旨在推介一本书。 Passage 23 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者著作的序言部分,包括编写目的、内容主体及就如何实现快乐的阅读给出了自己的建议。 21.B　细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第一句“...and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.”可知,作者希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情,由此可以看出作者对戏剧热情很高。 22.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.(我并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题,因为那样确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。)”可知作者避免陈述戏剧的中心思想。 23.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“To get the most out of reading these plays,try to picture the play on stage,with you,the reader,in the audience.”可知,作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演,这样才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣,因此作者建议读者运用想象力。 24.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“I am an active playgoer and play-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is...”可推知,作者是介绍自己的一本书。 Passage 24 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走运动及其与跑步的不同之处。 28.C　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“But the sport􀆳s rules require that a race walker􀆳s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知,竞走必须遵循特殊规则。 29.D　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“...some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner􀆳s knee,are uncommon among race walkers.”可知,与跑步相比,竞走的优势在于它不大可能使膝盖受伤。 30.A　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique...”可知,Dr.Norberg对于想尝试竞走运动的人的建议是咨询专业人士的意见。 31.B　推理判断题。通读全文,作者介绍了竞走这项运动的特点:需要遵循一定规则;膝盖较少受伤,但会对脚踝和臀部造成压力;如果想从事这项运动,尚需专业人士指导。由此可推断,作者对待竞走的态度是客观的。 Passage 25 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的旅游景点,包括各自的特色、开放时间以及所处的具体位置。 21.C　细节理解题。根据第一个景点中Open部分的最后一行House后的内容可知,它在七月份的星期天开放时间是11点15分到16点。 22.A　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum可快速锁定第二个景点,根据其中的第二句可知,这里收藏有Romney的作品。 23.D　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Wordsworth􀆳s life可快速锁定第四个景点,根据最后一行Town后的内容可知其具体位置。 Passage 26 【语篇导读】本文是议论文。主要讲述了年龄不能阻止一个人追求自己的人生目标。人的一生若想过得充实而有意义,就要不断地学习,永不放弃。 51.B　推理判断题。文章第一段第二句提到“他已经53岁”以及第二段中的最后一句“And the story...go to seed long before?”提到“为什么有些人会一直发现新的价值和创造力直至生命的尽头,而有些人很早就退缩了呢?”可以得知作者重点想强调的是“年龄不是追求人生目标的障碍”。 52.D　词义猜测题。根据本段第二句“I􀆳m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.”排除C项,他指的不是不成功的人。根据本段第四句“I􀆳m talking about people who have stopped learning...”得出选项D为正确答案。 53.C　推理判断题。根据第四段提到的“没有什么使我们感到惊讶。我们失去了好奇感。但是,如果我们愿意学习,机会无处不在”。可知“机会青睐充满好奇心的人”。 54.D　推理判断题。D项“一个人应该学会恰当应对生活的方式”,是对第五段中的“我们学会承受生活中不能改变的东西。我们学会避免自怜。我们了解到无论我们多么努力地去讨好别人,有些人永远也不会爱我们……”的总结。 55.A　推理判断题。本篇文章主要讲述了要让成年人的人生过得充实而有意义,就不要停止学习的脚步,所以本文的目的也是指引读者怎样过有意义的成年人的生活。 Passage 27 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Steve患上了阿尔茨海默症,他的女儿决定保存下他的音乐作品。在女儿的朋友Naomi的帮助下,Steve创作出了优秀的音乐作品。 65.C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,Melissa决定拯救她父亲的音乐,因为她觉得这些音乐值得被保存。 66.B　推理判断题。根据Naomi的评价“It was beautiful,”以及“The music was worth saving”可知,听完Steve的演奏,Naomi被深深地打动了。 67.A　推理判断题。根据第12和13段的内容可推断,录制Steve的音乐的过程是缓慢的,但也是很有成效的。 68.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第七段最后两句内容可推断,在Steve完成这部音乐作品之前,他的妻子低估了他的水平和能力,也就是说,她没有完全意识到丈夫的音乐作品的价值。 69.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,在举办音乐会时,Steve的记忆力虽然越来越差,但他心态平和。 70.B　主旨大意题。通读整个故事可知,虽然身患阿尔茨海默病,但是Steve的晚年生活积极而乐观,那是因为音乐带来的力量。B项最能概括文章的主旨。 Passage 28 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。Jo Usmar是位作家,也是This Book Will系列图书的作者之一,文章介绍了她最喜欢的四本书。 21.C　代词指代题。根据文章标题以及第一段中的“Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.”可知,文章中的“I”指的就是Jo Usmar。 22.C　细节理解题。根据After Dark中的“It􀆳s about two sisters—Eri,a model who either won􀆳t or can􀆳t stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.”可知,After Dark讲的是Eri和Mari的故事。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Gone Girl中的“There was a bit of me that didn􀆳t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did,but the horror story is brilliant.”可知,Gone girl讲的是恐怖故事。 Passage 29 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。近来,联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日。一些世界上最著名的音乐家聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良以庆祝第一届国际爵士乐日。 28.D　细节理解题。从文章第一段的“UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures.”可知,联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日,其目的是提高人们对爵士乐价值和意义的认可。 29.C　词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“...the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”可知,在美国,爵士乐未能获得年轻一代的青睐。这正是Jason Moran试图改变的地方。 30.C　推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段的“The music can􀆳t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same...”可知,Jason Moran指出,今天的爵士乐不能再以1908年或1958年那种方式呈现了。它必须进行改变,以跟上时代的步伐。 31.A　主旨大意题。本文以第一届国际爵士乐日的设立引入话题,探讨了爵士乐的现状以及未来。希望更多人尤其是年轻人关注爵士乐。 Passage 30 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了莎士比亚戏剧于四五月份在四个不同的剧院上演的时间、内容等具体事宜。 21.A　细节理解题。根据中国国家大剧院演出的介绍中的第三句可知,即将演出的是“莎士比亚的《理查德三世》这部作品”。 22.C　细节理解题。根据Deafinitely Theatre小标题下的第一句“By translating the rich and humorous text of Love􀆳s Labour􀆳s Lost into the physical language of BSL...”可知,Deafinitely Theatre的特别之处是用英国手势语言表演。 23.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Date &time:Monday 28 May,7.30 pm & Tuesday 29 May,7.30 pm”可知,只有D项“5月29日,星期二”正确。 考点5　历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国四个值得游览的特色市集小镇,包括其历史背景、标志性景点及特色体验。 21.C　细节理解题。根据Hereford,Herefordshire部分的“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town...One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.”可知,《大宪章》的原件之一陈列在 Hereford Cathedral。其他几个市集小镇的介绍内容中均未涉及《大宪章》。故选C项。 22.B　细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分的“The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.”可知,River Severn流经该镇时形成一个大转弯,几乎将Shrewsbury Town Center围成了一座岛屿,岛屿四面环水。故选B项。 23.A　细节理解题。根据Mevagissey,Cornwall部分的“Don􀆳t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It􀆳s delicious.” 可知,作者建议游客离开港口前一定要品尝传统的Cornish pie,并强调其美味。故选 A项。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。兽医William Farber奉行中西医结合的整体医学疗法,融合西方传统疗法与东方针灸、按摩等疗法,通过个人经历和治疗案例,展示了整体医学疗法在兽医实践中的应用并取得了良好疗效。 24.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I am not crazy”和“If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知,William Farber的一些同事嘲笑他不同寻常的治疗方法,他极力辩解“我没有疯”。由此可知,他的一些同事认为他很怪异,A项符合题意。 利用同义词或近义词解题法 现在高考试题中的细节理解题的答案不直接用文章中的原词,而是采用同义词或近义词来设置选项。例如第24题,原文用的是crazy,而答案中出现的是odd。 25.C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句可知,William Farber通过中医针灸治疗并取得很好的疗效。他受到启发,经过多年的研习之后,他决定把中医和西医结合起来给自己的“病人”——宠物,进行治疗。 26.D　段落大意题。作者在第三段列举了两个具体的治疗案例及其疗效,这说明整体医学疗法对于动物治疗是有效的。 27.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,William Farber相信他的治疗方法将会随着时间的推移而越来越受欢迎。自1982年以来,美国整体医疗兽医协会会员人数的增加也印证了这一观点。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述揭示了早期人类的道德规范,不鼓励欺骗和暴力,强调社会和谐与合作。 32.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“在这里,规范是不成文的,并很少明确表达,却被很好地理解和铭记。不诚实和暴力行为是不被认可的;领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制”可知,因纽特人的生活中,规范是不成文的,因纽特人的道德规范的形成是以社会传统为基础的。 33.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These universal norms far predate the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反,它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制。)”可知,人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。 34.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论,主要介绍了早期人类道德规范的形成过程,及其如何根植于人类基本需求以及人类社会学习和解决问题的共同机制,所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究,该研究阐述了“群体智慧”效应的基本原理。 32.B　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes on the fact that...resulting in a more accurate estimate.”可知,当足够多的误差被平均在一起时,它们就会相互抵消,从而得到更准确的估计。由此可知,本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。故选B项。 33.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知,Navajas的研究表明,即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下,其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。故选D项。 34.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知,后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。 35.D　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推知,作者对Navajas的研究是赞成的。故选D项。 Passage 5 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。近年来,来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为,短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明,人们对现在有偏见,以牺牲健康为代价,专注于当下有吸引力的事物,而牺性了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。 28.D　推理判断题。第一段中的“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来,来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为,短期主义是现在工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”可知,此处提出一个问题——短期主义,接着下文引用历史学家Francis Cole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害。由此可知,文章引用Francis Cole 的话是为了强调一个问题。 29.C　推理判断题。最后一段提到的“一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说,如果外星人想削弱人类,他们不会派出飞船;他们会创造气候变化。的确,在环境变化的问题上,我们可以形成一种集体的‘记忆不良’,每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的”可知,因为人们对于气候的变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”,认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的。由此推测,人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化。 30.A　推理判断题。通读全文,尤其第二段中的“And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(在气候变化等缓慢改变的问题上,意味着不愿意当今做出小的牺牲,但这些牺牲可能会在将来产生重大影响。)”可知,文章主要讲述了短期主义的危害,呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此推测,作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性,故选A项。 Passage 6 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。讲故事作为一种古老的艺术形式,它不仅用于传承传说、故事和事实,而且是一种学习和传递知识的方式。故事通过情节和角色吸引我们的好奇心、情感和想象力,比单纯的事实更容易记忆。此外,故事具有改变视角的力量,帮助我们理解不同的世界观,增进相互之间的理解和共情。 49.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes,castles and monsters,with a unique voice for each character.(也许当你想到讲故事时,你首先想到的就是爸爸妈妈给你讲王子、城堡和怪物的故事,每个角色都有独特的声音,在你脑海中形成的幻想世界。)”可知,当提到“讲故事”时,我们会想到一个孩子的想象世界。 50.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts,stories have plots and they introduce characters.(但它们通常都有一些共同点:故事有情节,也有人物形象,而不是一长串枯燥的事实)”可知,作者认为,一系列的事件和人物是所有故事中的共同元素。 51.D　细节理解题。根据第四段“Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember.Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately,and for far longer,than from facts and figures.(讲故事也有助于学习,因为故事容易记住。研究发现,从一个讲得很好的故事中获得的知识比从事实和数据中获得的知识记忆得更准确,记忆时间也更长。)”可知,讲故事比仅仅陈述事实更能促进学习,这是因为它使所学到的知识更加精确和持久。 52.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“And above all,stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own.(最重要的是,故事有一种变革性的力量,让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界,而不是我们独自面对这个世界)”可知,他人的故事可以让我们以他们看待世界的方式来理解世界。 53.B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,讲故事它不仅用于传承传说、故事和事实,而且是一种学习和传递知识的方式。故事通过情节和角色吸引我们的好奇心、情感和想象力,比单纯的事实更容易记忆。此外,故事具有改变视角的力量,帮助我们理解不同的世界观,增进相互之间的理解和共情。由此可知,B项“讲故事的力量”适合作文章标题。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国加的夫的四个不同的剧院和娱乐场所的相关信息。 21.D　细节理解题。根据St David􀆳s Hall部分的“...St David􀆳s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.”可知,Welsh Proms Cardiff是在St David􀆳s Hall 举行的。 22.B　细节理解题。根据The Glee Club部分的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music,you should start here.”可知,在这里人们可以欣赏喜剧。A选项指的是音乐剧,而非音乐。 23.A　细节理解题。根据New Theatre部分的“...the New Theatre is Cardiff􀆳s oldest surviving traditional theatre.”可知,在New Theatre部分的网址中可以了解加的夫存在的最古老的传统剧院。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过陈述不同人的观点讨论了悉尼在发展的过程中是否应该摒弃一些旧的传统。 32.C　段落大意题。根据文章第一段第二句“The city discovered its harbor.”以及最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知,第一段主要讲了悉尼发展的关键。 33.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I􀆳ll miss these old boats”和第五段第二句的“Catamarans are faster,but they􀆳re not so elegant,and they􀆳re not fun to pilot.”可知,Andrew喜爱(be attached to)这些旧的渡船(ferries)。 34.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第二句“...Sydney swept aside much of its past...”可知,它丢掉了传统的东西。 35.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“being young and old at the same time has its attractions”和最后一段“He is right,but I can􀆳t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.”可知,作者赞同Anthony的观点,认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。 Passage 9 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了今年夏天约克郡的四个活动的情况。 21.C　细节理解题。根据Jodie􀆳s Fitness Summer Classes部分中“Advance bookings are required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)”可知,如果你想参加Jodie的健身课程,你应该预约。 22.C　细节理解题。根据Felt Picture Making部分中“Tickets:￡40 including materials(门票:40英镑<含材料>)”可知,Felt Picture Making的票需要40英镑。 23.D　细节理解题。根据文章内容可知,Harrogate Music Festival从6月1日到7月31日;Jodie􀆳s Fitness Summer Classes从5月23日到7月11日;Felt Picture Making从6月12日到7月12日;Figure It Out!—Playing with Math从5月7日到6月10日。由此可知,Figure It Out!—Playing with Math最早开始。 Passage 10 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究,认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来,就能够创造更大成就。 38.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn􀆳t truly grasp any of the skills the author described.”可知,读完这份法国手稿,这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊。 39.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world,what objects filled their homes,”可知,重建几个世纪前工匠的作品,可以揭示他们如何看待世界,他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知,重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。 40.D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“The work has also brought insights for museums,Smith says.One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it.What􀆳s more,reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.(史密斯说,这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它,一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是,重建可能是唯一的方法,以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。)由此可知,博物馆要想很好保存物品,必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的,也是在强调手工技能的价值。 41.C　主旨大意题。文章最后一段提到“如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值,我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。”由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来,就能够获得更多的成就。C选项“工艺造就了更好的科学家”,符合文章主题。 Passage 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计:理解失败》的评论,工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败,但失败才能带来进步。 28.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.”可知,金门大桥50岁生日那天,它的重量超过了它的承受能力。 29.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied.”可知,有时,由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的,所以装置会失败。由此推测,不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。 30.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知,失败能带来进步,所以选A项。 31.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design:Understanding Failure,a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean to its breakdowns.”可知,这个故事是《原谅设计:理解失败》一书中的一个,这本书既是对工程的一封情书,也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价。由此推测,这篇文章是书评。 Passage 12 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个国家中,那些让人们回顾过去的著名景点。 21.A　细节理解题。根据Classical Provence (13 days)部分的“We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.”和Southern Spain (15 days)部分的“...we explore historical monuments and architecture.”可知,在这两个旅游地都可以看到历史遗迹。 22.C　细节理解题。根据China􀆳s Sacred Landscapes (21 days)部分的“Discover the China of ‘past ages,’ its walled cities,temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.”可知,Robert Thorp教授最了解中国。 23.B　细节理解题。根据Tunisia (17 days)部分的“Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga,the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia...”可知,在突尼斯旅行,其亮点在于对地下城市的观光。 Passage 13 【语篇导读】本文是应用文。主要讲述了桑顿中学举办有关“历史”主题竞赛的相关事宜。 36.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.” 得知理解历史主要的目标是“更好地知道现在和未来”。 37.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“All participants must...history.”得知“本次所有的参与者都要写出通信技术以及交通技术如何在历史上提升了美国人生活的品质”。 38.D　细节理解题。从“Documentary”一段的第二句“A desktop computer...and loudspeakers will be available.”得出答案。A、C两项里的special clothes和B项里的CD都是考生自己准备的。 39.A　推理判断题。从 “Essay Writing”一段中得知要求是2 000至2 500字,故要在论文中涵盖更多的信息,以达到所要求的文章长度。 40.B　细节理解题。从“February 19”部分得知“评委老师们会评价这些材料并且给出自己的意见”。 Passage 14 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了由Tyler Bridges推行的一项运动。大家可以把自己能够给予的钞票钉到一个布告牌上,需要的人可以无条件把钱取走。 24.C　句意理解题。根据第一段第三句“But at Union Station in...,a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,‘Give What You Can,Take What You Need.’”可知,在这个布告牌上的钱是大家捐献的,其他人可以无条件拿去。由此猜测该句的含义是“无条件提供的钱”,所以选C项。 25.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘People of all ages,races,and socio-economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,’ said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox...‘We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up...’”可推知,Bridges用新娘的例子来说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人,所以选B项。 26.D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“...Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.”可知,D项正确。 Passage 15 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。 24.B　推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“The exhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可知,这次展览出席的人数创了纪录,由此表明吸引了很多游客。 25.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill说的话“...which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.(这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是时尚运动的核心。)”可知,A项正确。 26.D　词义猜测题。画线短语的前面提到“当代一些最优秀的时装设计师本身就是中国人”,接着列举了“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu”三个例子,再结合下文的句意“在设计和销售方面都击败了他们”可知,该短语的意思应是“与……竞争”。 27.D　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第三段和最后一段的最后一句可知,本文主要讲述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故D项“中国文化推动国际时尚潮流”最适合作为本文的标题。 Passage 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“便士报”产生的背景及其发展的艰难过程。 28.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的第四、五句“In addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.They were dull and visually forbidding.”可知,当时的报纸枯燥无味,没有吸引力。 29.C　推理判断题。根据第二段的 “...papers made widely available to the public.”和“...that could be bought in single copies on the street.”可知,街头销售能让报纸有更多的读者。 30.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句 “This new trend of newspapers for ‘the man on the street’ did not begin well.”中提到的“the man on the street”可知,报纸的目标读者是普通人。 31.A　推理判断题。最后一段中提到“早期的一些企业是直接失败的。那些拥有成功报纸的出版商几乎不想改变传统。一些年轻大胆的商人才把这件事情推动起来。”由此推测,便士报的推动过程比较艰难。 Passage 17 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。 28.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,人们使用的语言种类很多。 29.C　词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“...all have caused many languages to disappear”和下文的“such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”,所以选C项。 30.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world􀆳s languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知,B项正确。 31.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C项。 Passage 18 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。城市自有它形成的原因。本文主要介绍加拿大城市Dawson(道森),它昔日因为金矿而迅速兴起,现在则只能以旅游业作为主产业。 24.C　细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知,像纽约市这样的城市往往占据重要的地理位置,交通、通信和贸易方便,由此推知答案为C项。 25.B　推理判断题。由第二段末的“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.”可知,最早来淘金的20,000人里,有4,000人依靠挖掘黄金致富,占总人数的1/5,所以答案为B项。 26.B　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded...when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知,金矿被开采殆尽,特别是当得知阿拉斯加发现新的金矿后,人们已经没有兴趣继续留在这里。据此得出导致很多人离开Dawson的主要原因是要到别处寻找新的金矿,答案为B项,A项并非原因;C项文中没有提及,所以排除;最后一段虽然提到“Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.”,但这并不是导致人们离开的主要原因,所以排除D项。 27.A　主旨大意题。A项“一座城市的兴衰”;B项“加拿大淘金热”;C项“荒野之旅”;D项“道森的旅游业”。文中主要介绍加拿大城市Dawson(道森)因为金矿而崛起,又因为金矿被开采殆尽而衰落,经济只能依靠旅游业支撑,所以A项能准确概括文章内容;文章重心在讲城市的形成,而非淘金热活动本身,所以B项排除;C项与文章内容不符,排除;道森的旅游业只在文章最后一段最后一句提到,不能作为主旨内容。 Passage 19 【语篇导读】本文是应用文。介绍了旧金山四种游览的经营时间、主要活动、日程安排、票价及是否需要提前预订等情况。 21.A　细节理解题。根据San Francisco Winery Tour部分中的“Running:February 1st through April 30th”可知,旧金山酒庄之旅从2月1日持续到4月30日,故3月份可选择此游,选A项。  22.C　细节理解题。根据Back to the Fifties Tour部分中的“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知,在Back to the Fifties Tour中,游客可以免费享用冰激凌,故选C项。  23.D　细节理解题。根据Holiday Lights Tour部分最后一句“Advance reservations required.”可知,假日灯光之旅需要提前预订,故选D项。  Passage 20 【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。经营75年之久的老剧院在放映完最后一场电影后关门停业,不久将被拆除,原地建造一座购物中心。 24.B　细节理解题。从第一段中的“This time,however,the cleanup was a little different.”和“in preparation for the buildings end”可知,昨天广场剧院散场后的清扫工作之所以特殊,是因为The Last Picture Show这部经典影片放映结束后老剧院就要关门了。 25.D　细节理解题。从第二段第三、四句“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.”可知,剧院主人之所以选择The Last Picture Show这部老电影,是因为他感觉剧院的现状与这部电影的背景相契合。 26.C　推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段最后一句可推知,剧院应该是会被推倒改建制的。故选C项。 27.B　推理判断题。从第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old,most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.”可推知,观众对老剧院依依不舍。teary-eyed“热泪盈眶的”。 考点6　科学与技术 Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇书评。文章评述了Catriona Campbell所著的AI by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书,并强调了在人工智能革命下人类应采取的应对策略。 32.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades􀆳 professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.”可知,Campbell撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的,如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了。由此推测,画线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 利用转折关系猜测词义 (1)识别转折词:首先,要识别出文章中的转折词,如“however”“but”“yet”“although”“nevertheless”“on the other hand”等。 (2)理解转折前后的语境:转折词通常连接两个相对或相反的观点或事实。注意转折前后的语境,这有助于学生理解生词可能表达的意义。 (3)利用已知信息:如果学生对转折词前后的某个词或短语的意思有所了解,可以将其作为线索来猜测生词的意思。 33.B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative”可知,她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度撰写了一本通俗易懂且信息丰富的指导书。由此可推知,这本书采用了平和务实的写作风格,易于读者理解。 34.C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse”和第四段的“She explains we are at a ‘tipping point’ in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity.”可推知,Campbell强调我们需要共同努力控制人工智能的发展,以避免潜在的灾难性后果。 35.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.”可知,作者的写作目的是推荐这本关于AI的书籍。 推断写作目的三部曲 (1)识别主题句:主题句通常出现在段落的开头,概括了该段落的主要内容和目的。通过识别主题句,学生可以了解作者在各个段落中想要传达的主要信息。 (2)分析论据和证据:作者用来支持其观点的论据和证据可以揭示其写作目的。例如,如果作者使用了大量的事实和统计数据,那么写作目的可能是提供信息或进行说明。 (3)考虑结论:文章的结尾部分通常会总结作者的观点,并可能明确其写作目的。结论部分可以帮助学生确认或调整学生对写作目的的理解。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。 31.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research􀆳s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs.(尽管许多ALifers讨厌强调他们研究的应用,但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)” 可知,作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的。由此推测,作者关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护持支持的态度。 32.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife􀆳s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲,因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所……)” 可知,人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲,说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处。由此推测,因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫作开放进化的概念所吸引,所以才有了这种观点,故画线词意为“吸引”。 33.B　推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife􀆳s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution.(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲,因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知,ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。 34.D　主旨大意题。根据最后一段提到的“它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终,ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情:也许,就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样,ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的”,并结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化可知,D项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗?” 是最合适的标题。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。虽然很多州禁止司机在开车期间发短信、拍照和使用网络媒体,但是效果并不明显,甚至情况日益恶化,为此,纽约的一名立法者建议使用一款名为Textalyzer的新装置,它能检测出司机在开车期间是否使用手机,有助于减少道路交通事故的发生。 28.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Yet the problem,by just about any measure,appears to be getting worse.”可知,情况正在恶化,显然之前美国对司机开车期间发短信的禁令是无效的。故选A项。 29.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York􀆳s hands-free driving laws.”可知,Textalyzer这一新装置可以确定一个司机是否在使用手机。故选B项。 30.D　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在的句子以及下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,he said,‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.’”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。由此可推知,只有受到法律约束和惩罚,司机才不会在开车时使用手机,此处的something指的是法律条文。故选D项。 31.B　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了一款新型的名为Textalyzer的装置,它能检测出司机在开车期间是否使用手机,有助于减少道路交通事故的发生。故选B项。 主旨大意题的解题技巧在于必须抓住关键词,该文章的关键词就是Textalyzer,这是一种新装置,不是手机,排除D项;Textalyzer是用来解决司机开车期间滥用手机的问题的,是帮助收集违法证据的。故最佳选项为B项。 Passage 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。 28.C　推理判断题。根据第一段所提的问题“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” 结合下文的“The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.(因此,一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知,文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题,系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。 29.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking (这表明,在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前,我们还有一段路要走)”可知,实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走,现尚未实现。 30.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Crystal set out to change that,and helped to create a global movement.The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.(Crystal着手改变这种状况,并帮助发起了一项全球运动。结果,一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知,作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。 Passage 5 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了量子计算是否真的会像它宣传的那样成功,计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。 31.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson.(但我相信泰勒,就像我相信约翰逊一样。)”可知,关于约翰逊的担忧,作者是支持的。 32.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The company,he says,is closer than any other firm ‘by a very large margin’ to building a ‘useful’ quantum computer,one that ‘solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.(他说,这家公司比其他任何公司都‘在很大程度上’更接近于制造出‘有用的’量子计算机,一个‘解决我们原本无法解决的有影响力的问题’的计算机。)”可知,泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。 33.A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because ‘“quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn􀆳t be able to understand.’(但约翰逊表明,量子计算的某些方面使得它特别易于被炒作,可能是因为‘“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。’)”可知,或许正是因为量子代表着我们可能难以理解的事物,所以量子计算的某些方面极易受到炒作。由此猜测prone意为“易于……的”,与A项意思相同。 34.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要论述了量子计算是否会真的像宣传的那样成功以及两位专家的观点,所以D项“量子计算真的会像它宣传的那样成功吗?”可作为文章的标题。 Passage 6 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明,不是只有大脑负责人类的认知,我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确地说,思想塑造身体,身体也同等程度地塑造思想。 46.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving...and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC理论表明,我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题……身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知,EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的真理。 47.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the real world,they cry when they􀆳re cold and then get hugged.That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved.(在现实世界中,他们冷了就哭,然后被拥抱。这样,他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来。)”可知,新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。 48.C　推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction.(进一步的研究支持了思想与身体的相互作用。)”以及列举了两个实验可知,实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。 49.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“For further proof, we can look at the metaphors that we use without even thinking.(为了进一步证明,我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法。)”以及下文的陈述可知,作者通过列举比喻说法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。 50.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it?(既然你已经掌握了身心相互作用的知识,为什么不使用它呢?)”可知,作者写最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。 Passage 7 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。 28.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线,这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 29.C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可以推断出,画线单词指的就是“维修,维护”。 30.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报,确保列车能及时应对问题,从而提高安全系数。 31.D　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向,因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 Passage 8 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发的一种用于监测放牧牛的健康状况机器人。 32.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“...that􀆳s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.(……几十年来,畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段,但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题)”可知,畜牧业面临劳动力短缺的问题。 33.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape,color and texture of grass.(通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来判断草场的质量)”可知,机器人可以监测草场质量。 34.B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.(多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信,检查牛的最好方法是让人骑着马去检查。)”可知,皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。 35.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Michael Kelsey Paris,vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen􀆳s Association,said a robot could be extremely useful given r$$