Unit 4 Reading Plus The Brave Homing Pigeon知识点精讲精练 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦Unit 4阅读课《The Brave Homing Pigeon》的核心词汇与语法点。系统梳理close、leave、stop等动词的多词性词义、搭配及近义辨析，衔接现在分词作伴随状语语法知识，形成从词汇基础到语法应用的学习支架。 知识链路以课文语境为依托，按“词义解析-搭配拓展-易混词辨析-语法应用”逻辑递进，每个知识点配套即学即练习题。通过情境化讲解与针对性练习，培养学生语言理解与表达能力，提升语法分析思维品质，助力高效掌握阅读核心语言知识。

Unit 4 Reading Plus The Brave Homing Pigeon知识点精讲精练 重点词汇解析 1.They were over 330 kilometers from the closest land, so he didn't know where to go. 他们离最近的陆地有330多公里，所以他不知道该去哪里。 close 的词义及用法 动词 关闭：She gently closed the book after finishing the last chapter.（读完最后一章后，她轻轻合上了书。） 停止营业：The café closes at 9 p.m. on weekdays.（这家咖啡馆平日晚上 9 点停止营业。） 结束：The meeting closed with a speech from the director.（会议以主任的发言结束。） 形容词 近的：Our new house is close to the subway station, which saves a lot of time.（我们的新房子离地铁站很近，省了不少时间。） 亲密的：Lisa and I have been close friends since childhood.（莉萨和我从小就是亲密的朋友。） 副词 近地，强调距离 He leaned close to her ear and whispered the secret.（他凑近她的耳朵，小声说出了秘密。 名词 结束：The party came to a close with everyone singing together.（派对在大家的合唱中结束了。） 关闭（at the close of）：At the close of the exhibition, many visitors stayed to take photos.（展览结束时，许多参观者留下来拍照。） 动词搭配 表 “关闭”：close the door/window（关门窗）；close a store/bank（商店 / 银行停业）；close an account（销户） 形容词搭配 表 “近的”：be close to...（离…… 近，to 为介词）；a close distance（近距离） 表 “亲密的”：a close friend（密友）；close relations（至亲） 核心短语 close down：（工厂、公司等）关闭；停业（多为永久性） 例：The old factory closed down last year.（这家旧工厂去年倒闭了。） close vs near（形容词 “近的”） close 强调 “距离近且关系密切”；near 仅侧重 “距离近”。 例：My home is near the park.（我家离公园近）；She’s my closest friend.（她是我最亲密的朋友，不可用 near） close vs closely（副词） close：表 “近地”（强调距离）； closely：表 “密切地、仔细地”（强调程度）。 例：Stand close to me.（站近点）；Watch closely!（仔细看！） 动词：Please close the window—it’s cold outside.（请关窗，外面冷。） 形容词：We’re close to the station, so we can walk there.（我们离车站近，能步行过去。） 副词：The cat sat close to the fire to keep warm.（猫靠近火取暖。） 短语：The restaurant closed down after losing too much money.（这家餐厅因亏损过多倒闭了。） 即学即练： 1.The kids stood ______ to their mom to stay away from the crowd. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 2. The police are watching the bad guy ______ to stop him from running away. A. close B. closely C. near D. nearly 3. Because not many people bought books, the bookstore ______ down last month. A. closed B. shut C. put D. took 4. My hometown is ______ to a beautiful lake. Many visitors come here. A. close B. closed C. closely D. closing 2.Just ten hours ago they left New York, but now the engine stopped working. 就在十小时前，他们离开了纽约，但现在引擎停了。 leave 的词义及用法 动词 离开：leave + 地点 They plan to leave Beijing next month and move to Shanghai.（他们计划下个月离开北京，搬到上海。）​ 留下：leave sth. + 地点 She left a message on his phone before going out.（她出门前在他的手机上留了条信息。）​ 遗忘：leave sth. + 地点 I left my key in the car. 我把钥匙忘在车里了 使处于（某种状态）：leave + 宾语 + 形容词 / 介词短语The heavy rain left the streets flooded.（暴雨使街道被淹没了。）​ 出发：We usually leave for the airport two hours before the flight.（我们通常在航班起飞前两小时出发去机场。）​ 名词 假期；休假（常用复数 leaves，如 ask for leave “请假”）She took three days’ leave to visit her grandparents.（她请了三天假去看望祖父母。）​ 核心短语​ leave for：动身去（某地）​ We’re leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.（我们明天动身去上海。）​ leave behind：留下；遗忘；抛在后面​ He left his umbrella behind.（他忘了带伞。）；Don’t leave me behind!（别把我丢下！）​ leave out：遗漏；忽略​ She left out an important detail in her report.（她在报告中漏掉了一个重要细节。）​ leave alone：不打扰；不干涉​ 例：Leave the cat alone—it’s sleeping.（别打扰那只猫，它在睡觉。）​ leave vs forget（表 “遗忘”）​ leave 强调 “把某物落在某地”，需接地点；​ forget 仅表 “忘记”，不接地点（若接地点用 forget to bring/take）。​ I left my bag in the classroom.（正确）； I forgot my bag in the classroom.（错误）​ leave 的使役用法​ 结构：leave + 宾语 + 补语（形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 / 分词）​ 例：He left the window broken.（他让窗户碎着。）；Leave her waiting outside.（让她在外面等着。）​ leave for 与 leave + 地点的区别： leave for 表 “去某地”，leave + 地点表 “离开某地”。​ leave 表 “遗忘” 时的搭配：必须接地点（leave sth. + 地点）。​ 即学即练： 1. Don’t ______ your phone on the bus—it’s easy to lose.​ A. leave B. forget C. stop D. put​ 2. We will ______ for London early tomorrow morning.​ A. leave B. stop C. come D. go​ 3. My parents usually ______ me alone at home when they go out.​ A. leave B. stop C. take D. let 4.My brother ______ his wallet in the taxi yesterday. He was very worried.​ A. left B. forgot C. stayed D. kept​ 5.We plan to ______ for the mountains this Friday morning.​ A. leave B. come C. arrive D. reach​ 6.The teacher ______ some homework for us before she left the classroom.​ A. left B. forgot C. stopped D. made​ 7.Please ______ the door open. It’s too hot in the room.​ A. leave B. keep C. let D. make​ 8.She asked for three days’ ______ to look after her sick mother.​ A. leave B. rest C. holiday D. break​ ​ stop 的词义及用法 表 “停止（动作）”​ stop + 名词（如 stop work 停工）​ The workers stopped work when the bell rang for lunch.（午餐铃声响起时，工人们停下了工作。）​ stop doing sth.（停止做某事）​ He stopped reading and looked up when he heard a knock at the door.（听到敲门声时，他停下阅读抬起了头。）​​ 表 “停下（去做另一件事）”​ stop to do sth.（停下来去做某事）​ We stopped to drink some water after walking for an hour.（走了一个小时后，我们停下来喝了些水。）​ 表 “阻止”​ stop sb. from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事，from 可省略）​ The teacher stopped the students from talking during the exam.（考试时，老师阻止学生们说话。）​ 核心短语​ stop by：顺便拜访​ 例：Can you stop by my house on your way home?（你回家路上能顺便来我家一趟吗？）​ come to a stop：停下；停止​ 例：The car came to a stop in front of the store.（车在商店前停了下来。）stop doing sth. vs stop to do sth.​ stop doing sth.：停止正在做的事​ 例：He stopped reading when the phone rang.（电话响时，他停下了阅读。）​ stop to do sth.：停下（当前动作）去做另一件事​ 例：He stopped to answer the phone.（他停下来去接电话。） 即学即练：​ 1.The teacher asked us to ______ talking and listen to her.​ A. stop B. leave C. keep D. make​ 2.He ______ to help the old man carry the heavy bag.​ A. stopped B. left C. forgot D. started​ 3.The students ______ talking when the teacher walked into the classroom.​ A. stopped B. left C. finished D. continued​ 4.They ______ to take photos when they saw the beautiful sunset.​ A. stopped B. forgot C. started D. tried​ 5.The heavy rain didn’t ______ us from going on the trip.​ A. stop B. leave C. make D. let​ 6.You can get off the bus at the next ______ if you want to go to the park.​ A. stop B. station C. place D. point​ 7.He ______ his car by the road and went into the shop to buy a bottle of water.​ A. stopped B. left C. parked D. kept 3.He ran to them quickly, wrote a message for help, and tied it to Big Blue's leg. 他迅速跑向他们，写了一条求救信息，并把它绑在蓝色巨人的腿上。 tie 的词义及用法 表 “系；绑；打结”​ tie + 物品 + 地点（如 tie the rope to the tree 把绳子系在树上）​ He tied his coat to the backpack to lighten his hands.（他把外套系在背包上，让双手轻松点。）​​ 表 “连接”：tie A to B（把 A 和 B 连接起来）​ The new policy ties environmental protection to economic development.（这项新政策把环境保护和经济发展联系起来。）​​ 名词（领带）：He wore a blue tie with white dots.（他系了一条带白点的蓝色领带。）​ 名词（纽带）：Family ties are very important to him.（家庭纽带对他来说非常重要。）​ 即学即练：​ 1.She ______ the dog to the fence before going into the house.​ A. tied B. linked C. connected​ 2.Don't ______ the horse ______ the small tree, or the tree may break.​ A. tie; to B. link; by C. connect; on​ 4.Big Blue flew up and then returned almost right away.The captain became more worried.蓝色巨人飞了起来，然后几乎马上就回来了。船长变得更加担心了。 return 的词义及用法 表 “返回”：return to + 地点（回到某地）；return home（回家，home 前不加 to） 例：She will return to school next Monday.（她下周一将回到学校。） 表 “归还”：return sth. to sb. = return sb. sth.（把某物还给某人） 例：Please return the book to the library on time.（请按时把书还给图书馆。） 表 “恢复”：return to + 状态（恢复到某种状态） 例：He returned to normal after resting for a few days.（休息几天后，他恢复了正常。） 核心短语 in return：作为回报 例：She helped me with my homework, and I bought her a snack in return.（她帮我辅导作业，我给她买了零食作为回报。） return from：从…… 回来 例：He returned from his trip yesterday.（他昨天旅行回来了。） return vs go back： return 是及物动词，可直接加地点（return to sp.）；go back 需加 to 接地点（go back to sp.），且更口语化。 例：I will return to my hometown. = I will go back to my hometown.（我会回到家乡。） 名词（返回）：His return from abroad made his parents happy.（他从国外回来，父母很高兴。） 即学即练： 1. He ______ the bike to his friend after using it. A. returned B. gave C. took D. lent 2. My parents will ______ home at 7:00 p.m. today. A. return B. go C. get D. arrive 3. You should ______ the book to the library before Friday. A. return B. bring C. carry D. fetch 4. She helped me, and I said “thank you” ______. A. in return B. in fact C. in time D. in all 5. They ______ from the village yesterday morning. A. returned B. came C. went D. left worry 的词义及用法 表 “担心某人 / 某事”：worry about sb./sth.（担心……） 例：She worries about her sick cat.（她担心她生病的猫。） 表 “使担心”：sth. worries sb.（某事使某人担心） 例：The bad news worried his mother.（这个坏消息让他妈妈很担心。） 核心短语 be worried about：为…… 感到担心（强调状态） 例：His parents are worried about his study.（他的父母担心他的学习。） no worry：别担心（口语化表达） 例：No worry! I will help you finish it.（别担心！我会帮你完成的。） 名词（担忧）：Her main worry is her little brother’s safety.（她主要的担忧是弟弟的安全。） 形容词：She looks worried because she lost her key.（她看起来很担忧，因为她丢了钥匙。） 短语：Don’t be worried about me—I can take care of myself.（别担心我，我能照顾自己。） 即学即练： 1. My mother always ______ about my health. A. worries B. thinks C. talks D. learns 2. The ______ news made all of us sad. A. worrying B. worried C. happy D. exciting 3. Don’t ______ about the result. Just try your best. A. worry B. think C. care D. know 4. She is ______ about her dog because it’s missing. A. worried B. happy C. angry D. tired 5. His main ______ is how to pass the math exam. A. worry B. idea C. plan D. hope 5. "That's a good sign," said the captain with more hope. “这是个好兆头，”船长更有希望地说。 sign 的词义及用法 表 “签名；签署”：sign + 文件 / 名字（如 sign the form 签表格；sign one's name 签名）​ 例：Please sign your name at the bottom of the paper.（请在纸的底部签上你的名字。）​ 表 “示意”：sign to sb. to do sth.（示意某人做某事）​ 例：The teacher signed to us to be quiet.（老师示意我们安静。）​ 表 “预示”：sign + that 从句（预示……）​ 例：The dark clouds sign that it will rain soon.（乌云预示着很快要下雨了。）​ 表 “标志；指示牌”：a + 形容词 + sign（如 a road sign 路标；a warning sign 警示牌）​ 例：There is a "No Smoking" sign in the library.（图书馆里有 “禁止吸烟” 的标志。）​ 表 “迹象”：a sign of...（…… 的迹象）​ 例：Her smile is a sign of happiness.（她的微笑是幸福的迹象。）​ 核心短语​ sign up：报名；注册​ 例：We can sign up for the English club this Friday.（我们这周五可以报名参加英语俱乐部。）​ sign in/out：签到 / 签退​ 例：Students must sign in when they enter the lab.（学生进入实验室必须签到。）​ sign vs mark（名词 “标记”）： sign 侧重有特定含义的标志、指示牌；mark 指为了识别做的标记，较随意。​ 例：Follow the sign to the hospital.（跟着去医院的指示牌走。）；He made a mark on the wall.（他在墙上做了个标记。）​ 即学即练：​ 1. Please ______ your name on the form before you hand it in.​ A. sign B. write C. draw D. print​ 2. There is a ______ on the door that says "Push".​ A. sign B. mark C. note D. picture​ 3. The teacher ______ us to stop talking.​ A. signed B. said C. told D. spoke​ 4. We can ______ for the music class next week.​ A. sign up B. get up C. put up D. look up​ 5. The bright sunshine is a ______ of a good day.​ A. sign B. way C. part D. kind​ hope 的词义及用法 表 “希望做某事”：hope to do sth.​ 例：I hope to visit my grandparents this weekend.（我希望这周末去看望祖父母。）​ 表 “希望某事发生”：hope + that 从句（that 可省略）​ 例：She hopes (that) she can pass the exam.（她希望自己能通过考试。）注意：没有 hope sb. to do sth. 的结构，若表达 “希望某人做某事”，常用 wish sb. to do sth. 或 hope that 从句。​ 表 “希望”：a hope（一个希望）；one's hope（某人的希望）​ 例：His hope is to become a doctor.（他的希望是成为一名医生。）​ 表 “期望”：the hope of...（…… 的期望）​ 例：We have the hope of winning the game.（我们有赢得比赛的期望。）核心短语​ in the hope of：怀着…… 的希望​ 例：He studied hard in the hope of getting good grades.（他努力学习，怀着取得好成绩的希望。）​ hope for：期待；希望得到​ 例：We hope for a sunny day tomorrow.（我们期待明天是晴天。）​ hope vs wish（动词 “希望”）： hope 表示可能实现的希望，后接 to do 或 that 从句；wish 表示难以实现的愿望，可接 to do、sb. to do 或 that 从句（从句常用虚拟语气）。​ 例：I hope to go to college.（我希望上大学。）；I wish I could fly.（我希望自己会飞。）​ 形容词（充满希望的）：She is hopeful about her future.（她对自己的未来充满希望。）​ 即学即练：​ 1. I ______ to see you again next week.​ A. hope B. wish C. want D. need​ 2. She ______ that her parents will be proud of her.​ A. hopes B. wants C. thinks D. says​ 3. We have ______ of winning the basketball game.​ A. hope B. wish C. idea D. plan​ 4. He studied hard ______ the hope of passing the test.​ A. in B. on C. at D. with​ 5. The little girl is ______ about her new school life.​ A. hopeful B. hopeless C. careful D. helpful​ 6. He took the note, running as fast as he could to the company office. 他拿着纸条，以最快的速度跑向公司办公室。 这句话是一个 简单句，包含两个主要部分：谓语动词及其伴随状语，以及方式状语和目的状语。 谓语：包含两个并列的动作，由现在分词连接，体现动作的连贯性： running as fast as he could（以最快的速度跑）：现在分词短语 running 作伴随状语，说明 “拿纸条” 的同时进行的动作；as fast as he could 是方式状语从句，修饰 running，表示 “尽可能快地”。 现在分词作伴随状语详解​ 当现在分词（doing）在句中表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作，且这个动作是谓语动作的伴随状态时，就构成了现在分词作伴随状语。它能让句子更简洁，生动展现动作的连贯性。​ 核心特点：​ 动作同时性：现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。​ 例：She sat by the window, reading a magazine.（她坐在窗边，读着一本杂志。“坐” 和 “读” 同时进行。）​ 逻辑主语一致：现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致，否则会出现语法错误。​ 例：He walked home, singing a song.（逻辑主语是 He，与句子主语一致，正确。）​ 例：Laughing loudly, they ran out of the room.（大声笑着，他们跑出了房间。）​ 即学即练： 1.下列句子中，现在分词作伴随状语的是（ ）​ A. The dancing girl is my sister.​ B. He likes playing basketball after school.​ C. They sat under the tree, talking about their trip.​ D. I saw her drawing a picture.​ 2.把 “男孩们跑着，大声笑着” 翻译成英文。​ __________________________________________________________ 3.下列句子中语法正确的是（ ）​ A. Walking in the park, a dog ran to me.​ B. Walking in the park, I met an old friend.​ C. Walked in the park, I saw many flowers.​ D. I walking in the park, a cat crossed the road.​ 4.分析句子 “She walked home, holding a beautiful bag.” 中 “holding a beautiful bag” 的语法作用。​ _________________________________________________________​ 5.用现在分词作伴随状语改写句子：“He watched TV. He ate snacks.”​ __________________________________________________________​ 7.Thanks to Army, people sent help to the ship. 多亏了军队，人们才派人来帮助这艘船。 thanks to 的词义及用法 介词短语：幸亏；由于；因为（后接名词、代词或动名词）​ 后接人 / 事物（表原因）：thanks to + sb./sth.​ Thanks to the rain, the flowers grow well.（幸亏这场雨，花长得很好。）后接动名词：thanks to doing sth.​ Thanks to working hard, he passed the exam.（由于努力学习，他通过了考试。）​ thanks to vs because of： 两者都表原因，但 thanks to 多含 “感激” 意味，强调好结果； because of 仅说明原因，可接好或坏的结果。​ Thanks to your help, I finished it.（幸亏你的帮助，我完成了。）； I was late because of the traffic.（因为堵车，我迟到了。）​ Thanks to the teacher’s help, I understood the problem.（幸亏老师的帮助，我弄懂了这道题。）​ We arrived on time thanks to the early bus.（多亏了早班车，我们准时到了。）​ Thanks to his kindness, everyone felt warm.（因为他的善良，大家都感到很温暖。）​ The team won the game thanks to practicing every day.（由于每天练习，这个队赢得了比赛。）​ Thanks to my parents, I have a happy life.（幸亏我的父母，我过着幸福的生活。）​ 即学即练： 1. ______ your advice, I made the right choice.​ A. Thanks to B. Because C. Though D. But​ 2. We finished the work on time ______ the hard work of all members.​ A. thanks to B. with C. under D. for​ 3. ______ the sunny weather, we can have a picnic tomorrow.​ A. Thanks to B. Because C. If D. When​ 4. He passed the test ______ studying day and night.​ A. thanks to B. because C. so D. but​ 5. ______ my friend, I didn’t feel lonely in the new school.​ A. Thanks to B. With C. For D. About​ 8.The captain later explained, "Army really is the most amazing bird!" 机长后来解释说：“陆军真是最神奇的鸟！” explain 的词义及用法 表 “解释某事”：explain sth.（直接接宾语）​ 例：Can you explain this word to me?（你能给我解释一下这个词吗？）表 “向某人解释”：explain to sb. + 内容（to 不可省略）​ 例：She explained to us how to do the experiment.（她向我们讲解如何做这个实验。）​ 表 “解释原因”：explain why/what/how + 从句​ 例：He explained why he was late.（他解释了自己为什么迟到。）​ 核心短语​ explain oneself：为自己的行为辩解​ 例：He had to explain himself for being absent.（他不得不为自己的缺席辩解。）​ explain to sb. 的用法：to 是介词，必须加在 sb. 前，不能省略。​ 后接从句：常接 why, what, how 引导的宾语从句，说明具体内容。​ Can you explain to me how to use this machine?（你能给我讲讲怎么用这台机器吗？）​ 即学即练： 1. Please ______ this sentence. I don’t understand it.​ A. explain B. tell C. speak D. say​ 2. The doctor ______ to the patient how to take the medicine.​ A. explained B. told C. spoke D. talked​ 3. Can you ______ why you didn’t finish your homework?​ A. explain B. say C. tell D. speak​ 4. She gave a clear ______ of the game rules.​ A. explanation B. explain C. explaining D. explains​ 5. He ______ to his parents why he failed the test.​ A. explained B. told C. said D. talked​ ​ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$