选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists-【高中必刷题】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修1+2同步课件（人教版）

英语 选择性必修 第二册 RJ 选择性必修 第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 01 Period I Reading and Thinking Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 刷单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Facing the serious situation, the hospital has set up medical tents to avoid _________ （infect） among patients. infection 解析 句意为：面对严峻的形势，这家医院已经搭起了医疗帐篷，以避免病人之间的感染。设空 处作avoid的宾语，应用名词。infection 意为“感染”，此处表示抽象概念。故填infection。 2.The poet lived in harmony with nature, and gained happiness and spiritual ______ （pure）.purity 解析 句意为：诗人与自然和谐相处，获得了幸福和心灵纯洁。设空处与happiness并列，作 gained的宾语，且被形容词spiritual修饰，应用名词purity，意为“纯洁”，是不可数名词。 3.Brazil, with its large rural population, is among the countries most ________ （severe） affected by such economic policy. severely 解析 句意为：农村人口众多的巴西是受这种经济政策影响最严重的国家之一。设空处修饰动词 affected，作状语，应用副词。故填severely。 刷单句填空 4.Not being invited to her friend’s birthday party made her very _________ （frustrate）, the reason of which puzzled her for a long time. frustrated 解析 句意为：没有被邀请参加朋友的生日聚会使她非常沮丧，她很长一段时间都想不明白其中 的缘由。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处形容人沮丧，应用-ed结尾的形容词作宾补。故填 frustrated。 5.The drug, which is suspected ___ having serious side effects, has been withdrawn from the market. of 解析 句意为：这种药被怀疑有严重的副作用，已经停止销售。suspect… of doing sth为固定搭 配，意为“怀疑……做某事”，此处为其被动形式，即be suspected of doing sth。 6.Not many people subscribe ___the idea that money brings happiness.to 解析 句意为：没有多少人赞同金钱能带来幸福这一看法。subscribe to意为“同意，赞同”，故填 to。 刷单句填空 7.Thanks ___ the development of advanced materials, the new bridge not only boasts an innovative design but also promises to be exceptionally endurable. to 解析 句意为：由于先进材料的发展，新桥不仅设计新颖，而且有望十分耐用。thanks to为固定 搭配，意为“由于；多亏”。 8.The poor grades of schoolchildren are also frequently linked _______ the time spent on social networking sites. to/with 解析 句意为：学生成绩差也经常与花费在社交网站上的时间有关。be linked to/with… 意为 “与……有关”。 9.After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured _____ （send） to the hospital.sent 解析 句意为：救护车到达后，他们立即把伤者送往医院。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，send 和宾语the injured之间是逻辑上的被动关系，表示“伤者被送往医院”，故用过去分词形式。故填 sent。 刷单句填空 10.T’ai chi provides mental health benefits like improved attention, as well as __________ （decrease） stress, anxiety and depression. decreased 解析 句意为：太极拳提供心理健康益处，比如提高注意力，减少压力、焦虑和抑郁。设空处作 非谓语，decrease和stress、anxiety、depression之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作前 置定语。故填decreased。 刷单句表达 根据提示补全句子。 1.到目前为止，多达47人已感染了这种病毒。（infect） So far, as many as 47 people _____ _____ ________ _____ the virus. 2.只用了20年，这个国家就变成了一个先进的工业强国。（transform; advance） In only 20 years, the country ____ _____ ___________ _____ ____ _________ industrial power. 3.是你和你的父母对这次严重的事故负有责任。（blame） It is you, together with your parents _________ ____ ___ _______ ____ this terrible accident. 4.我们刚搭好帐篷，又一次地震袭击了这个地区。 We had just put up our tent ______ ________ __________ ____ ____ _____. have been infected with has been transformed into an advanced that/who are to blame for when another earthquake hit the area 5.正是在20世纪70年代，袁隆平取得了使他家喻户晓的科学突破。 ___ _____ ___ ____ ______ _____ Yuan Longping achieved his scientific breakthroughs that ______ _____ ___ __________ ______. It was in the 1970s that made him a household name 刷课文改编填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases, for no one knew how to prevent or treat it. In the early 19th century, when 1.____ outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. He was determined 2.__________ （destroy） cholera once and for all. Doctors then were 3._________ （interest） in two contradictory theories which explained how cholera spread. The first held that cholera was spread in the air. The other was 4._____ cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. John Snow subscribed to the second theory, but he needed 5.______ （prove）. an to destroy interested that proof 刷课文改编填空 So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he began his investigation. By mapping 6._______ （exact） where all those who died 7.__________ （live）, he found that multiple deaths 8._______ （link） to the outbreak were caused by the water from a pump, so he had the handle of the pump removed. Soon afterwards the disease was stopped in its tracks. 9._________ Snow’s tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. He transformed the way scientists study diseases by using maps and statistics, for which he 10._____________ （consider） the father of modern epidemiology. exactly had lived linked Through is considered 刷课文改编填空 1.____an 解析 outbreak为可数名词，此处泛指一次霍乱爆发，所以应用不定冠词。outbreak的发音以元音 音素开头，故填an。 2.__________to destroy 解析 be determined to do sth意为“下定决心做某事”。 3._________interested 解析 be interested in… 意为“对……感兴趣”。 4._____that 解析 ____cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water是表语从句，从句不 缺成分且意义完整，所以应用连接词that。 5.______proof 解析 设空处作动词needed的宾语，应用名词，意为“证据”，此处表示抽象概念，故填proof。 刷课文改编填空 6._______exactly 解析 修饰动词mapping 应用副词。 7.__________had lived 解析 设空处作where引导的宾语从句的谓语，此处表示“通过准确绘制所有死者生前的居住地地 图”，live的动作发生在died之前，所以此处应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。故填 had lived。 8._______linked 解析 found后的宾语从句中有谓语were caused，故设空处应用非谓语动词，link与deaths之间是 逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。 9._________Through 解析 through one’s efforts为固定表达，意为“通过某人的努力”。故填Through。 刷课文改编填空 10._____________ 解析 he与consider之间为被动关系，此处指“被认为”，应用被动语态。从句陈述客观事实，故用 一般现在时。从句主语为he，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 is considered 刷语法填空 ［河南新乡2024高二期中］阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正 确形式。 In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu Shaochuang, there is 1.___ huge photograph of a camel he took a decade ago in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Wearing camouflage （迷彩服）, he lay for hours by a pool of water in the Gobi Desert 2._________ （obtain） the image. Living in the harsh deserts in northwestern China and southwestern Mongolia, the even-toed camel 3.________ （list） as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Experts evaluate that the population of this species is currently less than 1,000, around 650 of 4._______ are in China. Since 2012, Liu 5._______________________ （lead） a team in tracking and studying wild camels 6.______ （use） satellite remote sensing technology. Unlike zoologists who focus 7.________ species, Liu has instead studied the interrelationship between endangered animals and their environment, which he believes will help develop a few better protection 8._________ a to obtain is listed which has led/has been leading using on/upon strategies 刷语法填空 （strategy） in the face of climate change. In the run-up to World Wildlife Day on March 3, Liu’s research was held up as a successful example of how advanced space technology can benefit animal 9.__________ （protect） on Earth.protection 刷语法填空 Liu works at the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His studies cover many fields, including polar region 10._________ （science） expeditions and mapping the headwaters of great rivers across the globe. scientific 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了遥感科学家刘少创利用卫星遥感技术追踪和研究野 骆驼的经历，以及他的研究领域和取得的成就。 刷语法填空 1.___a 解析 句意为：在遥感科学家刘少创的办公室里，有一张他十年前在新疆维吾尔自治区拍摄的巨 幅骆驼照片。photograph在文中首次出现，为泛指，表示“一张巨幅照片”，应用不定冠词，且 huge的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2._________to obtain 解析 句意为：为了拍这张照片，他穿着迷彩服，在戈壁沙漠的一个水池旁躺了数小时。分析句 子结构并根据句意可知，此处表示“为了”，表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。 3.________is listed 解析 句意为：这种偶蹄目骆驼生活在中国西北部和蒙古西南部条件恶劣的沙漠中，被世界自然 保护联盟列为极度濒危物种。此处为句子谓语，list作动词，表示“把……列入一览表”，为及物动 词；结合语境可知，此处陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语the even-toed camel与list之间为被动 关系，故用被动语态；主语为单数，谓语应用单数形式。be listed as… 为固定搭配，意为“列 入……名单”。故填is listed。 刷语法填空 4._______which 解析 句意为：专家估计，目前该物种的数量不到1,000峰，其中约650峰在中国。此处为“数词 +of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，表示整体中的部分概念，对先行词1,000作补充说明，先 行词指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5._______________________has led/has been leading 解析 句意为：自2012年以来，刘少创带领团队利用卫星遥感技术追踪和研究野骆驼。设空处作 句子的谓语，时间状语为Since 2012，动作从过去开始，可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影 响，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去；主语Liu为第三人称单数，谓语应用第 三人称单数形式。故填has led/has been leading。 6.______using 解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处作方式状语，表示追踪和研究野骆驼的方 式，应用非谓语动词形式，Liu和use之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。 刷语法填空 7.________on/upon 解析 句意为：与关注物种的动物学家不同，刘少创研究的是濒危动物与其所处环境之间的相互 影响，他认为这将有助于针对气候变化制订一些更好的保护策略。focus on/upon为固定搭配，意 为“关注；专注于”。故填on/upon。 8._________strategies 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据a few可知，此处指“一些更好的保护策略”，应用strategy的复数形 式。 9.__________protection 解析 句意为：在3月3日世界野生动植物日即将到来之际，刘少创的研究被视为先进空间技术如 何有益于地球上动物保护工作的成功范例。animal ____是动词benefit的宾语，结合句意可知，此 处表示“动物保护”，应用名词protection，此时为不可数名词，animal在此处为名词作定语。故填 protection。 刷语法填空 10._________scientific 解析 句意为：他的研究涵盖许多领域，包括极地科学考察和绘制全球大河源头图。设空处修饰 名词expeditions，作定语，意为“科学的”，应用形容词。故填scientific。 01 Period I Reading and Thinking Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 刷阅读理解 A ［山东省实验中学2025高二期中］In the movie The Wrong Trousers, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings. Inspired by the movie, researchers in England developed “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand. This can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow. Now, materials scientists, computer programmers and fabric designers are working to advance robotic clothing. In June, researchers in Australia created robotic fibres, which can make fabric move automatically.Last year, scientists at MIT built fibre batteries that could be embedded （嵌入） in clothes and power robotic clothing. In recent years, a network technology company has partnered with some brands to put sensors in jackets, backpacks and shoes, letting users access their phones instantly. Researchers said they can soon unlock a stage where clothing will act more like a computer, sensing how your body feels and telling your clothes how to help. 刷阅读理解 At the University of New South Wales in Australia, researchers are creating fabrics that can change shape. Thanh Nho Do, a senior lecturer at the school, said his team has created tiny tubes that can be woven （编织） into sheets of fabric. These tubes can make fabric take on various preprogrammed shapes. But challenges still remain for Do’s team, especially around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can be easily woven together with other fabrics. Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio from Yale University agreed that many challenges remain before smart clothing “reaches their full potential”.It will be challenging to make these clothes, equipped with fibres and technology, strong enough to go through multiple cycles in the laundry （洗衣房）, she said. Despite that, she says researchers will figure out a way forwards.“Recent breakthroughs point towards a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life,” she said. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能服装的研发进展及未来展望。 刷阅读理解 1.What led to the creation of “The Right Trousers”?( )D A.An electrical pump. B.A health issue. C.A tiny tube. D.A creative film. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the movie The Wrong Trousers… Inspired by the movie, researchers in England developed ‘The Right Trousers’”可知，研究人员受到一部有创意的电影的 启发，发明了“合适的裤子”。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 2.What did scientists at MIT do last year?( )C A.They put sensors in clothes. B.They created movable robotic fibres. C.They made fibre batteries for robotic clothing. D.They released smart clothing connected to cellphones. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Last year, scientists at MIT built fibre batteries that could be embedded in clothes and power robotic clothing.”可知，去年麻省理工学院的科学家为机器人 服装制造了纤维电池。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 3.What does Do’s team find challenging?( )A A.Reducing the size of robotic tubes. B.Keeping robotic tubes’ shape unchanged. C.Preprogramming the shape of robotic tubes. D.Weaving robotic tubes into various fabrics. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But challenges still remain for Do’s team, especially around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can be easily woven together with other fabrics.”可 知，他的团队认为减小机械小管的尺寸具有挑战性。 刷阅读理解 4.What is Rebecca’s attitude towards the future of smart clothing?( )D A.Doubtful. B.Indifferent. C.Worried. D.Hopeful. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Recent breakthroughs point towards a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life可知，丽贝卡认为智能服装总有一天将 成为我们日常生活的一部分，这表明她对智能服装的未来充满希望。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 词汇加油站 核心词汇 1.force vt.用力推动；强行（把……移动）；迫使 n.力量 2.advance vt.促进；推动 vt.& vi.发展，进步 vi.前进 n.进步；进展 3.automatically adv.自动地 4.equip vt.装备；配备 构词法 pre- prefix 预先；在……之前 preprogrammed adj.预编程序的 刷阅读理解 B ［安徽合肥六校2024高二期中联考］Going from being called a “stupid molecule （分子）” to “the secret of life”, our discovery and understanding of DNA has come a long way. This year marks the 71th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA—the key year when the so-called “secret of life” was uncovered by two scientists: James Watson from the US and Francis Crick from the UK. Inherited characteristics like eye colour, nose shape and even intelligence—scientists found the structure of the chemical which transmits these from one generation to another.“Discovering how these ‘chemical’ cards are shuffled （洗牌） and paired will keep the scientists busy for the next 50 years,” journalist Ritchie Calder commented in 1953 on the discovery. And it certainly has. The study of DNA has led to world-changing advances in many fields. 刷阅读理解 “DNA makes time fluid （流动的）,” said The Irish Times.It lets us redefine the future. For example, in medicine, DNA helps us identify “weak points” in the human genome （基因 组） that might be prone to disease. Through a technique called gene therapy, a person’s genes can be modified to treat or cure certain diseases. Another example is agriculture, where work on plant DNA has allowed us to change the way we breed crops, opening the door for genetically modified plants and advances in food security. DNA can also shed light on the past. In forensic science （法医科学）, DNA analysis has come to serve as a vital form of evidence in crime scenes, with “many millions having been proved guilty or innocent” through its usage, said the website AZoLifeSciences. And DNA in specimens （标本） like fossils and artefacts can give us vital information on humans and other species.