进阶练02 定语从句（三题型，精选100题）练习 备战2026届上海高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（专用）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 进阶练02 定语从句（三题型，精选100题） 说明：此专题分三种题型，难度依次递升，大家根据实际情况选择进行专项训练！ 一、语法填空，每小题1分，满分41分 1．Their recovery has been so successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 2．Focus on spending time for you is fun and productive. 3．Some of these are famous, but Singapore has one special way, you may not know about. 4．So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. 5．Rankings, however, are only one reason a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. 6．It’s the only Thai restaurant ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. 7． we all know, he is a famous scientist in this field. 8．In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. 9．It might be the time you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 10． is often the case, the fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality. 11．In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. 12．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. 13．The reason people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is they honor Qu Yuan, a great Chinese poet. 14． is mentioned above, the number of the students studying abroad is increasing now. 15．Tom was late for school again and again, made his teacher very angry. 16．The Donglin Academy of Classical Learning was founded during the Northern Song Dynasty. For a long time, it was a place lectures were given by the famous scholar Yang Shi. 17．The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of the Forbidden City is a good example. 18．In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.” 19．Covering over 100,000 square meters, it’s now at a stage in its main structure is going through a construction phase, with the main buildings gradually taking shape. 20．An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 21．On June 19th, French voters did something was last seen over 30 years ago: they denied a newly elected president a majority in the National Assembly. 22．They’re all situations we could use a little extra patience. 23．Sitting in Quanzhou City, the ancient Maritime Silk Road started, it has sold like hotcakes at home and abroad since the Song Dynasty. 24．Craftsmen can make and process the components in advance and quickly put them together on site, is simple and efficient. 25．For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases. 26．However, none of the 20,000 spectators made their way to the year’s final game had to pay for their tickets, and they were welcome to enjoy the game in creative ways. 27．In southern China, ____ the climate is warmer and thus there aren't many naturally frozen lakes to enjoy, people will go to indoor rinks (溜冰场) to enjoy the winter fun instead. 28．Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all was left was pure water. 29．The novel became a bestseller its unique writing style, attracted a large number of readers. 30．“You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason you show up here,” I added with a sincere tone. 语法填空 Here, a city unfolds before your very eyes 31 you listen to the dialogue between culture and wisdom, interpret the cultural thoughts condensed (浓缩) in a historical context, experience ancient feelings with a poetic flavor, and picture the dream in your minds. 32 it be the tile (瓷砖) technology used to represent ancient wisdom in the reading area, or the bamboo sea display in the children’s reading area that captures a sense of happiness and innocence, or the portrayal of natural scenery in the literary area, the design elements aim to create an ideal destination for the soul, marked by the harmonious coexistence of livability and natural ecology. 33．After learning the real-person video examples demonstrate each sign language word, users can activate the camera, and the app will recognize and assess the accuracy of their sign language gestures. 34．The culture of bird-keeping and birdcage-making has been deeply rooted in Hong Kong society since the 1920s and 1930s. In the past, many bird owners would bring their birds to the tea houses they socialized with other bird enthusiasts. 35．The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, but in its live performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. 36．I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central (center) heating doesn’t exist. 37．However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 38．Through the artwork, the development of Chinese painting between the 4th and 14th centuries can be clearly observed, shows how valuable the Mogao Grottoes are for anyone who wants to study the history of Chinese art. 39．Together, they started a project which later became a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed. 40．Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 41．Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 二、翻译，每小题1分，满分29分 42．每天早上的看报时间是他一天忙碌的工作中最放松的时刻。(busy)(汉译英) 43．修复老洋房的任务既需要专业技术，也需要资金支持，很有挑战性。(require) (汉译英) 44．生活中，因为不懂拒绝，给自己带来麻烦的事还少吗？ (how many) （汉译英） 45．我们救了那只受伤的猫，这让我们感到自豪。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 46．他给我看了一张照片, 照片里他全家人都笑得很灿烂。(用 “定语从句”句式汉译英) 47．涉及化石燃料的产品和服务是温室气体排放的罪魁祸首。（responsible）(汉译英) 48．正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣（generate）(汉译英) 49．随着越来越多的人向往自然，崇尚简单和谐的生活方式，该县户外经济蓬勃发展，其收入有望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) (汉译英) 50．不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。（同位语）(汉译英) 51．这款由高中生设计的应用程序巧妙融合了视觉识别与数据处理技术，彰显了年轻一代的创新思维。 (which) (汉译英) 52．这位艺术家始终精益求精，最终创作出震撼人心的杰出作品，在展览会上大放光彩，可谓功夫不负有心人。(prove) (汉译英) 53．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） 54．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 55．细腻敏感的人更容易对这个故事中的角色产生共鸣。(likely) _______________________________________________________________________________ 56．老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英） 57．这位老师，始终致力于帮助每一位学生成长，从不将学生成绩不佳归咎于学生的天赋不足，而是积极探寻更有效的教学方法。(who) （汉译英） 58．我提出的申请过了好久才得到公司的回复。(before) (汉译英) 59．新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点。（face）（汉译英） 60．教练注意到一个害羞的男孩每次训练后都独自练习。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 61．放学后他们一起练习绘画, 也因此成为最亲密的朋友。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 62．Sarah在那家弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 63．我很期待参观龙门石窟，那里有2300个洞穴，10万多尊雕像。（home n. ）（汉译英） 64．我看着他走上舞台。中等身材、健壮结实、浅黄色的头发垂在前额。(汉译英) 65．老板让我签字时，所有那些因为无法读写而造成的尴尬都涌入我的脑海。(汉译英) 66．该公司赞助了我们的环保活动，作为交换条件我们承诺在活动中宣传推广该公司研发的新产品。(response) (汉译英) 67．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) (汉译英) 68．黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影将与滨江花海交相辉映，为市民呈现一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷。(in harmony) （汉译英） 69．这部电影在海外掀起了观影热潮，它的主题揭示了代际关系的复杂性，鼓励年轻人勇敢探索自己的人生道路。（whose）(汉译英) 70．这款在电池技术上取得了显著突破的手机，对于追求轻薄与性能并重的消费者来说，无疑是一个值得期待的选项。 (pursue) （汉译英） 三、语法填空，每小题1分，满分30分 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Duan inkstone, 1 (originate) in the Tang Dynasty, is one of the four most famous inkstones in China. This writing tool is named 2 its birthplace, Duan Creek in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. For centuries, it has been the 3 (center) region for Duan inkstone production and even today, most of the villagers still earn their living by making inkstones. The stones 4 (employ) for Duan inkstone are characterized by its fine texture, smooth surface, and rich coloration (天然色彩). The natural coloration gives each piece a distinctive 5 (appear) that enhances its beauty and value. The procedure to make a Duan Inkstone includes four steps: stone picking, selection, carving and box matching, among 6 stone picking and carving are the two most important steps. It is very hard to hand- pick the stones with no flaw, and other alternative tools such as dynamite (炸药) 7 (forbid). Carving stresses good concept, fine shape of the stones 8 exceptional skills. In addition to natural designs, there are also flowers and birds, figures, mountains and waters carved on the stones. Throughout history, Duan inkstone has been 9 (particular) favored by scholars, poets, and artists, who kept it as a symbol of their status and appreciation for the arts. Today, it continues to hold 10 unique place in the hearts of calligraphers and collectors. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Over the past decade or so, biologists have shown that we are filled with microbiomes (微生物组), inside and out. This microbiome, 1 (compose) of bacteria, fungi and viruses, profoundly influences our health and fitness and sometimes is even linked to our emotional state. The oral microbiome gets far less attention, but we 2 (know) of it for a long time. In 1891, US dentist Willoughby D．Miller first proposed that bacteria could leave the mouth, travel to other parts of the body and cause disease. We only began to get supporting evidence in 1989, when researchers noticed that people who had experienced a heart attack were rated as having oral health that was about twice as poor as 3 of a control group. Even when age, social class and smoking habits 4 (account) possible factors, the results remained almost the same. A solid link seemed to be there. More recently, thanks to DNA sequencing technology, by cataloguing the microbes in our mouths, we are now finding that the types of bacteria people have 5 (live) there seem to be associated with a growing number of conditions like cancer. Perhaps the most striking example is Alzheimer’s disease. It can be found that people with gum (牙龈) disease are 6 increased risk of developing this condition, which slowly robs people of their memories, personalities and cognitive function. However, until recently, it was unclear 7 poor oral health was a contributing cause of Alzheimer’s or a consequence of it. Then, in 2019, scientists discovered some species of bacteria known 8 (cause) gum disease — including one called Porphyromonas gingivalis — which are inside the brains of people who died of Alzheimer’s disease. If the mouth bacteria were getting into the brain, that lent weight to the idea that they could be a cause of Alzheimer’s. Researchers are still trying to grasp how this could happen. 9 the mechanism is, they note that there may be a way you can protect yourself in advance. Dental scientists at the University of Melbourne, Australia, is developing a vaccine against gum disease 10 you can reduce the risks of gum diseases significantly. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year. Its terraced fields follow 3 landform of the mountains, at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level. So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig). Those in Dazhai are important 5 (representative) of Longji terracing, a well-known type of terrace that can be found all over the county. The highest tier (层) has more than 1,100 levels, 6 (wind) from the foot of the mountain to the top, creating a magnificent landscape 7 resembles a staircase to the clouds. The largest terrace is no more than an acre 8 size, while the smallest only accommodates a handful of rice seedlings (秧苗). Longji terraces are based on an environmental practice that focuses on harmony between humans and nature 9 the dynamic balance of forests and fields. They are not just beautiful landscapes but also carriers of Zhuang and Yao culture. Longji terraces are an important model of ancient Chinese water 10 (manage) and agricultural civilization that has been passed down to the present day. Visitors can appreciate the way the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups have farmed the terraces and how ancestral farming methods have been preserved. 2 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 进阶练02 定语从句（三题型，精选100题） 说明：此专题分三种题型，难度依次递升，大家根据实际情况选择进行专项训练！ 一、语法填空，每小题1分，满分41分 1．Their recovery has been so successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们恢复得非常成功，以至于美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上去掉，这将放松法律保护，允许灰熊被猎杀。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代将灰熊从名单上去掉这件事，用关系代词 which。故填which。 2．Focus on spending time for you is fun and productive. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：专注于把时间花在那些对你来说既有趣又富有成效的事情上。空处引导定语从句，先行词time，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 3．Some of these are famous, but Singapore has one special way, you may not know about. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：其中一些是著名的，但新加坡有一种特殊的方式，你可能不知道。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词way在从句中作about的宾语，故填关系代词which。故填which。 4．So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，在收到邮件后不久，当负责该项目的Mary Devon教授邀请我到她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到震惊。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 Professor Mary Devon，指人，使用关系代词who，故填who。 5．Rankings, however, are only one reason a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 然而，排名只是高等教育对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语, 应用关系副词why。故填why。 6．It’s the only Thai restaurant ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一家唯一跻身于世界50佳餐厅前十名的泰国餐厅。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为Thai restaurant，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词有the only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 7． we all know, he is a famous scientist in this field. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，他是这个领域著名的科学家。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，指代后文整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以空处需用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，句首单词需大写首字母。故填As。 8．In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样，“浪费食物违背了道德准则”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作宾语，表示“正如”，应用as。故填as。 9．It might be the time you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。先行词为the time，在定语从句中作时间状语，关系副词为when。故填when。 10． is often the case, the fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通常情况下，便宜的东西并不一定意味着质量差。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是后面整个主句的内容，且表示“正如”，因此用关系代词as替代先行词引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，as is often the case意为“情况常常如此”，因此空格处是as，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填As。 11．In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这本“书中的书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的这些联系。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为way，关系车作从句的主语，用关系代词that。故填that。 12．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从来没有完成过像你要求我做的这样的任务。空格引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词task，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，前面有such修饰task，因此用关系代词as。故填as。 13．The reason people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is they honor Qu Yuan, a great Chinese poet. 【答案】 why that 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：人们庆祝端午节的原因是他们纪念屈原，一个伟大的中国诗人。第一空引导定语从句，先行词the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用连接副词why引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用连接词that引导。故填①why；②that。 14． is mentioned above, the number of the students studying abroad is increasing now. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如上面所提到的，现在出国留学的学生人数正在增加。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“正如”用as。故填As。 15．Tom was late for school again and again, made his teacher very angry. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：句意：Tom一次又一次地迟到，这使他的老师非常生气。这里需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“Tom was late for school again and again”。在英语中，通常用“which”来引导这样的从句，表示前面整个句子的内容。故填which。 16．The Donglin Academy of Classical Learning was founded during the Northern Song Dynasty. For a long time, it was a place lectures were given by the famous scholar Yang Shi. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：东林书院创建于北宋时期。在很长一段时间里，这里是著名学者杨时讲学的地方。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a place，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以设空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 17．The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of the Forbidden City is a good example. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：木制建筑的耐久性经受住了时间的考验，紫禁城就是一个很好的例子。“of ________the Forbidden City is a good example”为非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰前面的主句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 18．In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.” 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了沉船外，还出土了各种各样的文物，包括陶器、瓷器和铁器，其中大部分是在江西省景德镇的窑里制作的，被称为中国的“瓷器之都”。分析句子，设空处与前文的of构成“介词+关系代词引导”的非限制性定语从句，先行词是artifacts，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 19．Covering over 100,000 square meters, it’s now at a stage in its main structure is going through a construction phase, with the main buildings gradually taking shape. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：占地面积达10万平方米，目前该项目正处于主体结构施工阶段，主要建筑正在逐步成型。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句，修饰先行词stage，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词作介词的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 20．An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 21．On June 19th, French voters did something was last seen over 30 years ago: they denied a newly elected president a majority in the National Assembly. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：6月19日，法国选民做了一件30年来未曾有过的事：他们拒绝让新当选的总统在国民议会中获得多数席位。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词something，在定语从句中，当先行词为不定代词something，anything，nothing等时，关系代词只能用that，且此处that在从句中作主语。故填that。 22．They’re all situations we could use a little extra patience. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这些情况下，我们都需要多一点耐心。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为situations表示抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 23．Sitting in Quanzhou City, the ancient Maritime Silk Road started, it has sold like hotcakes at home and abroad since the Song Dynasty. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 它位于古代海上丝绸之路的起源地泉州，自宋代以来就在国内外畅销。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词指代先行词Quanzhou City并在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 24．Craftsmen can make and process the components in advance and quickly put them together on site, is simple and efficient. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：工匠可以提前制作和加工部件，并在现场快速组装，这简单高效。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前主句内容讲的事情，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 25．For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的一年里, 学校所有的剩余食物垃圾都被放进了堆肥容器，而不是填埋场，在填埋场，这些食物垃圾会被填埋，产生导致地球变暖的气体。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为a landfill，表地点， 应用关系副词where。故填where。 26．However, none of the 20,000 spectators made their way to the year’s final game had to pay for their tickets, and they were welcome to enjoy the game in creative ways. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，前来观看今年最后一场比赛的两万名观众中，没有人需要为门票付费，而且欢迎他们以创造性的方式欣赏比赛。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词“the 20,000 spectators”，且先行词指人。故填who/that。 27．In southern China, ____ the climate is warmer and thus there aren't many naturally frozen lakes to enjoy, people will go to indoor rinks (溜冰场) to enjoy the winter fun instead. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国南方，气候更温暖，因此没有很多自然结冰的湖泊可供游玩, 人们会去室内溜冰场享受冬季的乐趣。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为southern China，表地点，引导词在从句中作状语, 应填关系副词where。故填where。 28．Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all was left was pure water. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几周内，它全部被消化掉了，剩下的只有纯净的水。根据空前all和空后was left was pure water可知，空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语, 指代先行词all，all为不定代词，只能用来that引导定语从句。故填that。 29．The novel became a bestseller its unique writing style, attracted a large number of readers. 【答案】 because of which 【详解】考查介词短语和定语从句。句意：这部小说因其独特的写作风格而成为畅销书，这吸引了大量读者。根据第一空下文“its unique writing style(其独特的写作风格)”可知第一空需要填入一个表示原因的介词短语，because of符合语境，表示小说成为畅销书的原因是其独特的写作风格。根据第二空下文“ attracted a large number of readers(吸引了大量读者)”可知，第二空需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，which符合语境，指代前文提到的“unique writing style”，在从句中作主语。故填①because of②which。 30．“You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason you show up here,” I added with a sincere tone. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“在这次活动之前你做了充分的准备，这就是你出现在这里的最重要原因。” 我语气诚恳地补充道。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，且在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导该从句。故填why。 语法填空 Here, a city unfolds before your very eyes 31 you listen to the dialogue between culture and wisdom, interpret the cultural thoughts condensed (浓缩) in a historical context, experience ancient feelings with a poetic flavor, and picture the dream in your minds. 32 it be the tile (瓷砖) technology used to represent ancient wisdom in the reading area, or the bamboo sea display in the children’s reading area that captures a sense of happiness and innocence, or the portrayal of natural scenery in the literary area, the design elements aim to create an ideal destination for the soul, marked by the harmonious coexistence of livability and natural ecology. 【答案】31．where 32．Whether 【解析】31．考查定语从句。句意：在这里，一座城市在你眼前展开，在这里你可以聆听文化与智慧之间的对话，解读历史背景下浓缩的文化思想，用诗意的情怀体验古老的情感，并在脑海中勾勒出梦想。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a city，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 32．考查固定句型。句意：无论是阅读区用来代表古代智慧的瓷砖技术，还是儿童阅读区捕捉幸福和纯真感觉的竹海展示，还是文学区对自然风光的描绘，设计元素都旨在创造一个理想的灵魂目的地，以宜居性和自然生态的和谐共存为标志。表示“无论是……还是……”，应用固定句式whether...or...，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。 33．After learning the real-person video examples demonstrate each sign language word, users can activate the camera, and the app will recognize and assess the accuracy of their sign language gestures. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在学习了展示每个手语单词的真人视频示例后，用户可以打开摄像头，应用程序将识别并评估他们手语手势的准确性。“______ demonstrate each sign language word”是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the real person video examples，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 34．The culture of bird-keeping and birdcage-making has been deeply rooted in Hong Kong society since the 1920s and 1930s. In the past, many bird owners would bring their birds to the tea houses they socialized with other bird enthusiasts. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：养鸟和制作鸟笼的文化自20世纪二三十年代起就深深扎根于香港社会。过去，许多养鸟人会把他们的鸟带到茶馆，在那里他们可以和其他爱鸟人士交流。“they socialized with other bird enthusiasts”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tea houses，先行词将其代入从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 35．The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, but in its live performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏的真正魅力不仅在于其制作过程，更在于其现场表演，在这一环节中，一群木偶操纵者、讲述者和乐手们和谐地协作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词live performance作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 36．I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫及他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the countryside作补充说明，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导。故填where。 37．However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1.3 billion tons of food waste，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 38．Through the artwork, the development of Chinese painting between the 4th and 14th centuries can be clearly observed, shows how valuable the Mogao Grottoes are for anyone who wants to study the history of Chinese art. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通过这些艺术作品，可以清楚地观察到公元4世纪至14世纪中国绘画的发展，这表明了莫高窟对任何想要研究中国艺术史的人来说是多么有价值。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导定语从句。故填which。 39．Together, they started a project which later became a website called Phoemica, or Xiangyinyuan, recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们一起启动了一个项目，这个项目后来变成了一个名为Phoemica (即乡音苑)的网站，在这个网站上，濒临消失的方言录音被收集和展示。“______ recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a website，先行词将其代入从句中作地点状语，即“在这个网站上”，用关系副词引导从句。故填where。 40．Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 41．Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意: 尽管英国食物不那么令人印象深刻，但英国正在培养更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，其食谱经常位居畅销书榜首。根据空前定语从句who appear frequently on our television screens and可知，and并列两个限制性定语从句，共同修饰先行词more top class chefs，空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作recipe books的定语，用关系代词whose。故填whose。 二、翻译，每小题1分，满分29分 42．每天早上的看报时间是他一天忙碌的工作中最放松的时刻。(busy)(汉译英) 【答案】The time he spends reading the newspaper every morning is the most relaxed/relaxing moment of her busy day. 【详解】考查固定短语。表示习惯性动作用一般现在时。表示“每天早上的看报时间”翻译为the time he spends reading the newspaper every morning，为省略关系词的定语从句；表示“是最放松的时刻”为be the most relaxed/relaxing moment，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is；表示“是他一天忙碌的工作中”翻译为of her busy day。故翻译为The time he spends reading the newspaper every morning is the most relaxed/relaxing moment of her busy day. 43．修复老洋房的任务既需要专业技术，也需要资金支持，很有挑战性。(require) (汉译英) 【答案】The task of restoring old Western-style houses requires both technical skills and financial support, which is challenging. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“任务”为“ task ”；“修复”为“restore”；“老洋房”为“old Western-style houses”；“修复老洋房的任务”为“The task of restoring old Western-style houses”作主语。“要求”为“require”作谓语；“专业技术”为“technical skills”，“资金支持”为“financial support”，它们之间为并列关系，用both...and 连接。“很有挑战性”处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子作主语，“很有挑战性的”为“challenging”。故翻译为The task of restoring old Western-style houses requires both technical skills and financial support, which is challenging. 44．生活中，因为不懂拒绝，给自己带来麻烦的事还少吗？ (how many) （汉译英） 【答案】In daily life, haven’t we encountered countless situations where we got ourselves into trouble because we didn’t know how to say no? 【详解】考查固定短语，一般疑问句，原因状语从句，定语从句，时态和主谓一致。“生活中”是in daily life，“因为不懂拒绝”用because引导原因状语从句，描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为because we didn’t know how to say no，“给自己带来麻烦的事还少吗”可理解为“我们不是遇到过无数让自己陷入麻烦的情况吗”，时态用现在完成时，用一般疑问句，“遇到”是encounter，“无数的情况”是countless situations，“让自己陷入麻烦的”用where引导定语从句，时态用一般过去时，“让自己陷入麻烦”是we got ourselves into trouble，因此整句话翻译为“In daily life, haven’t we encountered countless situations where we got ourselves into trouble because we didn’t know how to say no”。故答案为In daily life, haven’t we encountered countless situations where we got ourselves into trouble because we didn’t know how to say no? 45．我们救了那只受伤的猫，这让我们感到自豪。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 【答案】We saved the hurt cat, which made us proud. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去的事情应用一般过去时；根据提示要求，可将“这让我们感到自豪”处理为非限制性定语从句，“这”指整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句，从句谓语“使……”用made，“让我们感到自豪”表达为made us proud，us是宾语，proud为形容词作宾补；主语主语是we，谓语“救”是save，宾语“那只受伤的猫”表达为the hurt cat。故翻译为We saved the hurt cat, which made us proud. 46．他给我看了一张照片, 照片里他全家人都笑得很灿烂。(用 “定语从句”句式汉译英) 【答案】He showed me a photo, in which all his family were smiling brightly. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。他给我看了一张照片，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，译为“He showed me a photo”，照片里用in the photo，他全家人译为“his family”，都用all，笑得很灿烂译为“smile brightly”，描述的是当时在照片里的动作，用过去进行时，后一句为前一句的补充说明出，可以用定语从句修饰先行词photo，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，用which引导，故翻译为He showed me a photo, in which all his family were smiling brightly. 47．涉及化石燃料的产品和服务是温室气体排放的罪魁祸首。（responsible）(汉译英) 【答案】Products and services that involve fossil fuels are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。“产品和服务”为“products and services”作主语，“对……负责、是……的原因（罪魁祸首）”用be responsible for；作谓语；“涉及”表达为involve ，作定语从句的谓语；“化石燃料”是fossil fuels，作宾语；“涉及化石燃料的”修饰“产品和服务”，用定语从句that involve fossil fuels。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故译为Products and services that involve fossil fuels are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. 48．正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣（generate）(汉译英) 【答案】As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’ interest in folk culture. /As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。generate是动词，意思是“产生；引起”，“艺术节”的英文是Art Festival或者the art festival，“民俗文化”的英文是folk culture，“游客”的英文可以是tourist或者visitor。整个句子可以处理成主从复合句，主句部分为简单的主谓宾结构，从句考查as引导的非限制定语从句“As was expected”，其中was可以省略。根据句意，整个句子可用一般过去时，也可用一般现在时，则从句为“As is expected”，主句用现在完成时表影响。故可翻译为As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’ interest in folk culture./As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture. 49．随着越来越多的人向往自然，崇尚简单和谐的生活方式，该县户外经济蓬勃发展，其收入有望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) (汉译英) 【答案】As an increasing number of people long for nature and embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles, the outdoor economy prospers in that county, whose income is expected to take up 12 percent of the total income of the county by the end of next year. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、名词短语、动词短语和定语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为连词As表示“随着……”引导的时间状语从句，在该从句中，表示“越来越多的人”应为名词短语an increasing number of people；表示“向往”应为动词短语long for；表示“崇尚简单和谐的生活方式”应为动词短语embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles；在主句中，表示“那个县的户外经济很繁荣”可译为the outdoor economy prospers in that county；后接关系代词whose引导定语从句，对先行词county的修饰，表示“有望做某事”应为动词短语be expected to do；表示“达到全县总收入的百分之十二”应为动词短语take up 12 percent of the total income of the county；表示“明年年底”应为介词短语by the end of next year。故翻译为：As an increasing number of people long for nature and embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles, the outdoor economy prospers in that county, whose income is expected to take up 12 percent of the total income of the county by the end of next year. 50．不到六个月，她就成了住院主任医师，而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间。（同位语）(汉译英) 【答案】Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve. 【详解】考查动词、名词和同位语。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“不到六个月”应用within six months，为介词短语作状语；表示“她就成了住院主任医师”应用she was named a chief resident physician，其中be named，表“被任命为”，为固定搭配；表示“而升任这一职位通常需要四年时间”应用a position that usually took four years to achieve，是a chief resident physician的同位语，用于对该职位进行补充说明。其中that usually took four years to achieve(常需要四年时间来取得)是一个定语从句，修饰先行词position。故翻译为Within six months, she was named a chief resident physician, a position that usually took four years to achieve. 51．这款由高中生设计的应用程序巧妙融合了视觉识别与数据处理技术，彰显了年轻一代的创新思维。 (which) (汉译英) 【答案】The App designed by senior high school students skillfully integrates visual object recognition with data processing technology, which shows/demonstrates the innovative thinking of the younger generations. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词短语和定语从句。主语“应用程序”用The App；“由高中生设计的”作后置定语，其中“设计”与逻辑主语“应用程序”之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语designed by senior high school students修饰App，表被动；谓语“融合……与……”用动词短语integrate…with…，描述客观事实用一般现在时态；“巧妙”修饰谓语动词，用副词skillfully作状语；宾语“视觉识别”用名词词组visual object recognition；并列宾语“数据处理技术”用名词词组data processing technology；“彰显了年轻一代的创新思维”可理解为对前面整个句子进行补充说明，修饰前面整个句子，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，从句谓语“彰显”可以用动词show或demonstrate，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，宾语“年轻一代的创新思维”用the innovative thinking of the younger generations。综上，全句译为：The App designed by senior high school students skillfully integrates visual object recognition with data processing technology, which shows/ demonstrates the innovative thinking of the younger generations. 52．这位艺术家始终精益求精，最终创作出震撼人心的杰出作品，在展览会上大放光彩，可谓功夫不负有心人。(prove) (汉译英) 【答案】The artist always strived for perfection and finally created outstanding and awe-inspiring works that shone brightly at the exhibition, which proved the saying that everything comes to him who waits. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时。“这位艺术家”为“The artist ”作主语，“始终”为“always ”，“精益求精”为“ strive for perfection”。“最终”为“finally”；“创作”为“create”；“震撼人心的杰出作品”为“ outstanding and awe-inspiring works ”；“在展览会上大放光彩”为“shine brightly at the exhibition”，为定语从句，关系代词为that。“可谓功夫不负有心人”处理成定语从句，“证明”为“prove”后接that引导的宾语从句；宾语在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“功夫不负有心人”为“everything comes to him who waits”。故翻译为The artist always strived for perfection and finally created outstanding and awe-inspiring works that shone brightly at the exhibition, which proved the saying that everything comes to him who waits. 53．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） 【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 54．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 【答案】After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants /where various fancy restaurants gather.。 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。表示“在经过重新装修之后”可用after the redecoration；表示“这个曾经老旧的工厂”可翻译为the once old factory；表示“摇身一变成了”用be transformed/changed into，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；表示“聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点””可翻译为现在分词短语作定语，为an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants；或用定语从句修饰先行词spot，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导，翻译为an internet famous spot gathering where various fancy restaurants gather。故翻译为After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants/ where various fancy restaurants gather.。 55．细腻敏感的人更容易对这个故事中的角色产生共鸣。(likely) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story. 【详解】考查时态、原因状语从句、宾语从句。表示“人们”用people，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“细腻敏感的”用定语从句，从句中：先行词是People，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导；be动词用are；表示“细腻敏感的”用sensitive and perceptive，作表语。表示“更有可能”用be more likely to，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用are；表示“同情故事中的人物”用empathize with the characters in the story。位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故翻译为：People who are sensitive and perceptive are more likely to empathize with the characters in the story. 56．老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英） 【答案】Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes? 【详解】考查句子结构和定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“是否有”应用is there，此处为一般疑问句；表示“社区食堂”应用a community cafeteria/canteen；表示“老人”应用the elderly；表示“能够”应用can；表示“外出就餐”应用dine out，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“家门口”应用near their homes；表示“老人外出就餐”可用where the elderly can dine out，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community cafeteria/canteen，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译为：Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes? 57．这位老师，始终致力于帮助每一位学生成长，从不将学生成绩不佳归咎于学生的天赋不足，而是积极探寻更有效的教学方法。(who) （汉译英） 【答案】This teacher, who is always committed/devoted to helping every student (to) grow, never blames/ attributes students’ poor academic performance on/to a lack of talent but actively seeks (for) more effective teaching methods. 【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和从句。根据句意可知，这里时态应用一般现在时表示习惯性发生的动作，表示“这位老师”应用this teacher，在本句中作主语；表示“始终致力于帮助每一位学生成长”应用who is always committed/devoted to helping every student (to) grow，为非限制性定语从句，其中be committed to doing和be devoted to doing，均表示“致力于做某事”，为固定搭配，help sb (to) do sth，表“帮助某人做某事”，也为固定搭配；表示“从不将学生成绩不佳归咎于学生的天赋不足”应用never blames/ attributes students’ poor academic performance on/to a lack of talent，其中blame...on和attribute...to，均表“把...归因于”，为固定搭配；表示“而是积极探寻更有效的教学方法”应用but actively seeks (for) more effective teaching methods，其中seek for，表“寻找”，为固定搭配。故翻译为This teacher, who is always committed/devoted to helping every student (to) grow, never blames/ attributes students’ poor academic performance on/to a lack of talent but actively seeks (for) more effective teaching methods. 58．我提出的申请过了好久才得到公司的回复。(before) (汉译英) 【答案】It was long before the company replied to the application I submitted. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和定语从句。句子包含了一个定语从句“我提出的申请”，先行词为“申请”，英文为the application，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，可用that或which，也可省略，句子描述了一个过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故这部分翻译为the application I submitted。主句部分可用“过了好久……才……”句式来表达，主句描述了过去的动作，应用一般过去时，句式的英文为“It was long before...”结构，“得到公司的回复”可翻译为“公司回复了申请”，英文为the company replied to the application。故整句翻译为It was long before the company replied to the application I submitted。 59．新形势下，餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战，如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点。（face）（汉译英） 【答案】Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring. 【详解】考查句子结构，时态，疑问词+to do结构以及定语从句。“新形势下”为状语，用介词短语“under the new circumstances”表达，置于句首。“餐饮服务行业面临诸多挑战”为“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构，时态用一般现在时；主语“餐饮服务行业”用名词短语“the food service industry”表达；“面临”用动词“face”表达，作谓语动词，主语为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式“faces”；宾语“诸多挑战”用名词短语“numerous challenges”表达。因此该部分翻译为“the food service industry faces numerous challenges”。后半句“如何实现新发展已成为该行业探索的热点”与前文用“and”连接；该句中“如何实现新发展”为句子主语，用“疑问词+to do”结构“how to achieve new development”表达；“成为”用动词“become”表达，结合语境时态用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应是“has become”；“热点”用名词短语“a hot topic”表达，“该行业探索的”可表达为定语从句，修饰先行词a hot topic，时态用现在进行时，“a hot topic”在从句中作动词“explore”的宾语，从句用关系代词that引导，即“that the industry is exploring”。因此该部分翻译为“and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring”。故翻译为：Under the new circumstances, the food service industry faces numerous challenges, and how to achieve new development has become a hot topic that the industry is exploring. 60．教练注意到一个害羞的男孩每次训练后都独自练习。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 【答案】The coach noticed a shy boy, who was practicing alone after every training. 【详解】考查名词、动词、定语从句、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，表示“教练”为名词The coach；表示“注意到”为动词notice；结合句意可知，应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时noticed；表示“一个害羞的男孩”应为名词短语a shy boy；后接关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句对a shy boy的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“独自练习”应为动词短语practice alone，结合noticed以及语境可知，此处应为陈述过去正在发生的事情，为过去进行时；表示“每次训练后”应为介词短语after every training。故翻译为：The coach noticed a shy boy, who was practicing alone after every training. 61．放学后他们一起练习绘画, 也因此成为最亲密的朋友。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 【答案】They practiced drawing together after school, which made them the closest friends. 【详解】考查定语从句。根据中文句和题目要求使用定语从句翻译此句，主句为“放学后他们一起练习绘画”，同时这也是让他们成为亲密朋友的原因，故主句同时是非限定性定语从句“也因此成为最亲密的朋友”的先行词，且在从句中充当主语。主句中，时间状语“放学后”可译为after school，主语“他们”可译为代词they，谓语“练习做某事”可译为practice doing sth.，宾语“绘画”可译为drawing，状语“一起”可译为together；从句中，因为定语从句先行词为物，且在定语从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，“也因此成为”即“主句这件事使得他们成为”，可译为make，“最亲密的朋友”可译为the closest friends，主句和从句的动作都以发生，都使用一般过去时。故整句译为They practiced drawing together after school, which made them the closest friends。 62．Sarah在那家弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记。(用“定语从句”句式汉译英) 【答案】Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore where the smell of aged paper filled the air. 【详解】考查定语从句和名词短语。根据句意，句子描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。表示“Sarah在那家旧书店里发现了一本隐藏的日记”为主句，Sarah作主语，“发现”为found作谓语，“一本隐藏的日记”为a hidden diary作宾语，“在那家旧书店里”为in the old bookstore作地点状语，所以主句可译为Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore；表示“弥漫着陈旧纸张气味的”为定语从句，先行词“书店”为bookstore，指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用关系副词where引导，“陈旧纸张的气味”为the smell of aged paper，“弥漫”为filled the air，所以定语从句译为where the smell of aged paper filled the air。故翻译为Sarah found a hidden diary in the old bookstore where the smell of aged paper filled the air. 63．我很期待参观龙门石窟，那里有2300个洞穴，10万多尊雕像。（home n. ）（汉译英） 【答案】I’m looking forward to visiting the Longmen Grottos, which is home to 2,300 caves with over 100,000 statues. 【详解】考查固定短语和非限制性定语从句。主语“我”I，“期待做某事”使用动词短语look forward to doing sth.，主句描述现在的情况，使用现在进行时，主语是I，be动词使用am，“参观龙门石窟”使用动词短语visit the Longmen Grottos，使用动名词形式作宾语；“那里有2300个洞穴，10万多尊雕像”译为一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Longmen Grottos，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，从句描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，结合提示词home可知此处使用固定短语be home to“是……的所在地”，be动词使用is，“2300个洞穴”使用名词2,300 caves，“和”使用介词with，“10万多尊雕像”over 100, 000 statues，故翻译为：I’m looking forward to visiting the Longmen Grottos, which is home to 2,300 caves with over 100,000 statues. 64．我看着他走上舞台。中等身材、健壮结实、浅黄色的头发垂在前额。(汉译英) 【答案】I watch him as he makes his way toward the stage. Medium height, stocky build, ashy blond hair that fall in waves over his forehead. 【详解】考查时态和时间状语从句和定语从句。“我看着他”表达为I watch him；“他走上舞台”用as引导时间状语从句，表达为as he makes his way towards the stage；“中等身材”表达为medium height；“健壮结实”表达为stocky build；“浅黄色的头发”表达为ashy blond hair；“垂在前额”应用that引导定语从句，修饰先行词hair，表达为 that fall in waves over his forehead。因此“我看着他走上舞台”为I watch him as he makes his way toward the stage.；“中等身材、健壮结实、浅黄色的头发垂在前额”表达为Medium height, stocky build, ashy blond hair that fall in waves over his forehead，在句中作状语。此处为文学中场景的描写，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：I watch him as he makes his way toward the stage. Medium height, stocky build, ashy blond hair that fall in waves over his forehead。 65．老板让我签字时，所有那些因为无法读写而造成的尴尬都涌入我的脑海。(汉译英) 【答案】The moment my boss asked me to sign my name, all those embarrassing memories, which was caused by not being able to read or write, crowded into my mind. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、定语从句、动词短语和时态。“老板让我签字时”是时间状语从句，可用名词词组the moment引导该时间状语从句，其意为“一……就”，从句主语“老板”用my boss，“让某人做某事”用动词短语ask sb. to do sth.，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，谓语动词ask用过去式asked，宾语“我”用宾格代词me，“签字”用动词短语sign my name，用不定式形式作宾语补足语；“所有那些尴尬都涌入我的脑海”是主句，主语“所有那些尴尬的回忆”用all those embarrassing memories表示，谓语“涌入”用动词短语crowd into，讲述过去的事情用过去式crowded into ，宾语“我的脑海”用my mind；“因为无法读写而造成的”是对主句主语“memories”的修饰，可处理为非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which将先行词memories代入定语从句中作主语，谓语“造成”用动词cause，与主语memories之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态was caused，“无法读写”是动作的发出者，译为by not being able to read or write，由介词by引出。综上，全句译为： The moment my boss asked me to sign my name, all those embarrassing memories, which was caused by not being able to read or write, crowded into my mind. 66．该公司赞助了我们的环保活动，作为交换条件我们承诺在活动中宣传推广该公司研发的新产品。(response) (汉译英) 【答案】This company has sponsored our environmental protection movement, in response to which we promise to promote its newly-developed products during the movement. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。根据所给中文句子，本句可用介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句，“该公司赞助了我们的环保活动”为主句，“该公司”作主语，译为this company，“赞助了”用动词sponsor，根据句意，描述已发生的事对现在的影响，用现在完成时，“我们的环保活动”作宾语，译为our environmental protection movement，“作为交换条件”用介词短语：in response to意为“对……作出反应”，后接which代指前句提到的事，引导非限制性定语从句，“我们”作主语，译为we，“承诺”作谓语，用动词promise，描述现在的事，用一般现在时，“宣传推广该公司研发的新产品”用不定式作宾语，译为to promote its newly-developed products，“在活动中”作时间状语，译为during the movement。故译为：This company has sponsored our environmental protection movement, in response to which we promise to promote its newly-developed products during the movement. 67．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) (汉译英) 【答案】The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. 【详解】考查宾语从句、定语从句、非谓语动词、名词、动词和形容词。句子在介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句；主句的主语“制造商”可用名词the manufacturer，谓语“声称”可用动词claim，后面为claim的具体内容，可用that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中主语“这款电动汽车”可用名词the EV，“即将发布的”可用不定式被动语态to be launched，作the EV的后置定语，第一个谓语“具有……功能”可用动词feature，“自动驾驶”可用名词短语autonomous driving，“语音控制”可用名词短语voice control，第二个谓语“可以行驶”可用情态动词can和动词travel搭配，“600公里”可用600 km，“一次充电”可用介词短语on a single charge，“仅需12分钟”是对“充电”的修饰，可用that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a single charge；定语从句中that代替先行词作主语，“仅需12分钟”可用动词take和名词短语only 12 minutes搭配。故可译为The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. 68．黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影将与滨江花海交相辉映，为市民呈现一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷。(in harmony) （汉译英） 【答案】The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River will shine in harmony with the riverside flower sea, presenting citizens with a city picture that integrates technology and ecology. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影”应用The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River；表示“与……交相辉映”应用shine in harmony with，此处描述将要发生的事情，使用一般将来时；表示“滨江花海”应用the riverside flower sea；表示“为……呈现”应用present...with...，此处为非谓语动词作状语，present和前面的主句为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语；表示“市民”应用citizens；表示“一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷”应用a city picture that integrates technology and ecology，that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a city picture，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故翻译成：The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River will shine in harmony with the riverside flower sea, presenting citizens with a city picture that integrates technology and ecology. 69．这部电影在海外掀起了观影热潮，它的主题揭示了代际关系的复杂性，鼓励年轻人勇敢探索自己的人生道路。（whose）(汉译英) 【答案】The movie, whose theme exposes intergenerational complexities (complexities of the relationship between generations), becomes a hit overseas and encourages young people to explore their own way in life. 【详解】考查定语从句。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“这部电影”应用the movie；表示“主题”应用theme；表示“揭示了”应用expose；表示“代际关系的复杂性”应用 intergenerational complexities (complexities of the relationship between generations)；表示“在海外掀起了观影热潮”应用become a hit overseas；表示“鼓励年轻人勇敢探索自己的人生道路”应用encourage young people to explore their own way in life，become和encourage为并列的谓语，需用连词and连接；其中“它的主题揭示了代际关系的复杂性”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词theme，需用关系代词whose引导。故翻译成：The movie, whose theme exposes intergenerational complexities (complexities of the relationship between generations), becomes a hit overseas and encourages young people to explore their own way in life. 70．这款在电池技术上取得了显著突破的手机，对于追求轻薄与性能并重的消费者来说，无疑是一个值得期待的选项。 (pursue) （汉译英） 【答案】This mobile phone, which has made remarkable breakthroughs in battery technology, is undoubtedly an option worth looking forward to for consumers who pursue both thinness and performance. 【详解】考查定语从句，时态和短语。“手机”是主语译为“This mobile phone”，“这款在电池技术上取得了显著突破的”修饰手机，可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句（指物的关系代词which替代先行词This mobile phone在从句中作主语），“取得显著突破译为“make remarkable breakthroughs”，时态用现在完成时，结合其他汉语定语从句译为“which has made remarkable breakthroughs in battery technology”，“是”为主句谓语用be动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，无疑用副词undoubtedly修饰谓语，“一个选项”译为“an option”，“值得期待的”译为“worth looking forward to”修饰option作后置定语，“对于消费者来说”译为“for consumers”，“追求轻薄与性能并重的”修饰消费者，处理为who引导的限制性定语从句（指人的关系代词who替代先行词consumers在从句中作主语），时态用一般现在时，“追求轻薄与性能并重”译为“pursue both thinness and performance”，故翻译为This mobile phone, which has made remarkable breakthroughs in battery technology, is undoubtedly an option worth looking forward to for consumers who pursue both thinness and performance. 三、语法填空，每小题1分，满分30分 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Duan inkstone, 1 (originate) in the Tang Dynasty, is one of the four most famous inkstones in China. This writing tool is named 2 its birthplace, Duan Creek in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. For centuries, it has been the 3 (center) region for Duan inkstone production and even today, most of the villagers still earn their living by making inkstones. The stones 4 (employ) for Duan inkstone are characterized by its fine texture, smooth surface, and rich coloration (天然色彩). The natural coloration gives each piece a distinctive 5 (appear) that enhances its beauty and value. The procedure to make a Duan Inkstone includes four steps: stone picking, selection, carving and box matching, among 6 stone picking and carving are the two most important steps. It is very hard to hand- pick the stones with no flaw, and other alternative tools such as dynamite (炸药) 7 (forbid). Carving stresses good concept, fine shape of the stones 8 exceptional skills. In addition to natural designs, there are also flowers and birds, figures, mountains and waters carved on the stones. Throughout history, Duan inkstone has been 9 (particular) favored by scholars, poets, and artists, who kept it as a symbol of their status and appreciation for the arts. Today, it continues to hold 10 unique place in the hearts of calligraphers and collectors. 【答案】 1．originating 2．after 3．central 4．employed 5．appearance 6．which 7．are forbidden 8．and 9．particularly 10．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了段砚及其制造工艺。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：段砚起源于唐代，是中国四大名砚之一。句中已有谓语is，空处使用非谓语形式，originate和逻辑主语The Duan inkstone之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词形式，故填originating。 2．考查介词。句意：这种书写工具以它的诞生地——广东省肇庆市端溪而得名。name after“以……命名”，故填after。 3．考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，它一直是段砚生产的中心地区，即使在今天，大多数村民仍然以制作砚为生。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词region，central“中心的”，形容词，故填central。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：段砚所用的石材质地细腻，表面光滑，天然色彩丰富。employ和stones之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填employed。 5．考查名词。句意：天然的颜色赋予每件作品独特的外观，提高了它的美丽和价值。空处应填名词单数作give的直接宾语，故填appearance。 6．考查定语从句。句意：段砚台的制作过程包括采石、选石、雕、配盒四个步骤，其中采石、雕是最重要的两个步骤。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是steps，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词which，故填which。 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：手工挑选没有瑕疵的石头是非常困难的，其他替代工具，如炸药是禁止的。句子是描述一个事实，主语tools和动词forbid之间是被动关系，使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，故填are forbidden。 8．考查连词。句意：雕刻讲究概念好、形状好、技艺高超。good concept, fine shape of the stones和exceptional skills之间是并列关系，使用连词and连接，故填and。 9．考查副词。句意：纵观历史，段砚一直受到学者、诗人和艺术家的特别青睐，他们把它作为他们地位和欣赏艺术的象征。空处修饰动词favored，使用副词形式，故填particularly。 10．考查冠词。句意：今天，它仍然在书法家和收藏家的心中占有独特的地位。place表示泛指，使用不定冠词，unique是以元音音素开头，故填a。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Over the past decade or so, biologists have shown that we are filled with microbiomes (微生物组), inside and out. This microbiome, 1 (compose) of bacteria, fungi and viruses, profoundly influences our health and fitness and sometimes is even linked to our emotional state. The oral microbiome gets far less attention, but we 2 (know) of it for a long time. In 1891, US dentist Willoughby D．Miller first proposed that bacteria could leave the mouth, travel to other parts of the body and cause disease. We only began to get supporting evidence in 1989, when researchers noticed that people who had experienced a heart attack were rated as having oral health that was about twice as poor as 3 of a control group. Even when age, social class and smoking habits 4 (account) possible factors, the results remained almost the same. A solid link seemed to be there. More recently, thanks to DNA sequencing technology, by cataloguing the microbes in our mouths, we are now finding that the types of bacteria people have 5 (live) there seem to be associated with a growing number of conditions like cancer. Perhaps the most striking example is Alzheimer’s disease. It can be found that people with gum (牙龈) disease are 6 increased risk of developing this condition, which slowly robs people of their memories, personalities and cognitive function. However, until recently, it was unclear 7 poor oral health was a contributing cause of Alzheimer’s or a consequence of it. Then, in 2019, scientists discovered some species of bacteria known 8 (cause) gum disease — including one called Porphyromonas gingivalis — which are inside the brains of people who died of Alzheimer’s disease. If the mouth bacteria were getting into the brain, that lent weight to the idea that they could be a cause of Alzheimer’s. Researchers are still trying to grasp how this could happen. 9 the mechanism is, they note that there may be a way you can protect yourself in advance. Dental scientists at the University of Melbourne, Australia, is developing a vaccine against gum disease 10 you can reduce the risks of gum diseases significantly. 【答案】 1．composed 2．have known 3．that 4．were accounted 5．living 6．at 7．whether 8．to cause/to have caused 9．Whatever 10．with which/so that 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去十年左右的时间里，生物学家已经证明，我们体内和体外都充满了微生物群。这种由细菌、真菌和病毒组成的微生物群深刻地影响着我们的健康和体质，有时甚至与我们的情绪状态有关。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种由细菌、真菌和病毒组成的微生物群深刻地影响着我们的健康和体质，有时甚至与我们的情绪状态有关。短语be composed of表示“由……组成”，过去分词作后置定语。故填composed。 2．考查时态。句意：口腔微生物群得到的关注要少得多，但我们早就知道了。根据后文for a long time可知，谓语动词know为现在完成时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have known。 3．考查代词。句意：直到1989年，我们才开始得到支持的证据，当时研究人员注意到，经历过心脏病发作的人被评为其口腔健康状况差是对照组的两倍。此处代指前面oral health，表示与其同类，后常有后置定语，应用代词that。故填that。 4．考查时态语态。句意：即使考虑到年龄、社会阶层和吸烟习惯等可能的因素，结果也几乎没有变化。主语age, social class and smoking habits与谓语动词account构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数形式。故填were accounted。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，多亏了DNA测序技术，通过对我们口腔中的微生物进行分类，我们现在发现，生活在人类口腔中的细菌类型似乎与越来越多的疾病（如癌症）有关。此处live与bacteria构成逻辑主动关系，live用现在分词形式作定语。故填living。 6．考查介词。句意：研究发现，患有牙龈疾病的人患这种疾病的风险更高，这种疾病会慢慢夺走人们的记忆、个性和认知功能。短语at increased risk of表示“高风险”。故填at。 7．考查固定句型。句意：然而，直到最近，人们还不清楚口腔健康状况不佳是阿尔茨海默氏症的诱因还是后果。表示“是……还是……”句型为whether…or…。故填whether。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，在2019年，科学家们发现了一些已知会导致牙龈疾病的细菌，包括一种叫做牙龈卟啉单胞菌的细菌，这些细菌存在于死于阿尔茨海默病的人的大脑中。短语be known to do sth.表示“……为人所熟知”，此处可用to do形式，也可理解为先于谓语动词发生，用to have done形式。故填to cause/to have caused。 9．考查状语从句。句意：无论机制如何，他们指出，可能有一种方法可以提前保护自己。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever，首字母大写。故填Whatever。 10．考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：澳大利亚墨尔本大学的牙科科学家正在开发一种预防牙龈疾病的疫苗，这样你就可以大大降低患牙龈疾病的风险。此处可理解为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词vaccine，先行词指物，表示“借助，用”应用介词with，作介词的宾语，指物应用关系代词which；或理解为目的状语从句，表示“以便”用so that。故填with which/so that。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year. Its terraced fields follow 3 landform of the mountains, at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level. So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig). Those in Dazhai are important 5 (representative) of Longji terracing, a well-known type of terrace that can be found all over the county. The highest tier (层) has more than 1,100 levels, 6 (wind) from the foot of the mountain to the top, creating a magnificent landscape 7 resembles a staircase to the clouds. The largest terrace is no more than an acre 8 size, while the smallest only accommodates a handful of rice seedlings (秧苗). Longji terraces are based on an environmental practice that focuses on harmony between humans and nature 9 the dynamic balance of forests and fields. They are not just beautiful landscapes but also carriers of Zhuang and Yao culture. Longji terraces are an important model of ancient Chinese water 10 (manage) and agricultural civilization that has been passed down to the present day. Visitors can appreciate the way the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups have farmed the terraces and how ancestral farming methods have been preserved. 【答案】 1．surrounded 2．attracts 3．the 4．have been dug 5．representatives 6．winding 7．which/that 8．in 9．and 10．management 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广西的龙脊梯田。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：大寨，广西龙胜各族自治县的一个四面环山的村庄，拥有约66万平方公里的梯田，种植了约2300年，每年吸引着数以万计的游客。此处作定语，修饰名词village，village与surround之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填surrounded。 2．考查时态。句意：同上。此处作谓语动词，主语为a village，为单数，主语a village与attract之间为主动关系，且此处时间状语为every year，故应用一般现在时，故填attracts。 3．考查冠词。句意：它的梯田是遵循山的地形而建，海拔高度从300米到1200米不等。此处意为“……的地形”，特指山的地形，landform是辅音音素开头，表达为the landform of…，故填the。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到薄雾笼罩的山脉、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬崖，无论哪里有水和土壤，都可以挖出梯田。此处作谓语动词，主语为terraces，复数，主语terraces与dig之间为被动关系，且时间状语为so far，故应用现在完成时，故填have been dug。 5．考查名词的数。句意：大寨梯田是龙脊体现的重要代表，龙脊梯田是我国著名的梯田类型。此处作表语，主语为those，是复数，故此处应用名词的复数形式作表语，故填representatives。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：最高的一层有1100多层，从山脚蜿蜒到山顶，创造了一个宏伟的景观，就像是通往云端的楼梯。句子谓语是has，空格处作状语，主语the highest tier与wind之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填winding。 7．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导定语从句，先行词为a magnificent landscape，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which/that引导，故填which/that。 8．考查介词。句意：最大的梯田不超过一英亩大小，而最小的仅仅只能容纳下少量的水稻。此处意为“大小，尺寸”，表达为in size，意为在“尺寸上”，故填in。 9．考查连词。句意：龙脊梯田是一种基于环境的实践，重视人与自然的和谐以及森林和田地的动态平衡。此处为连词，连接harmony和the dynamic balance两个名词，故应用and连接，故填and。 10．考查名词。句意：龙脊梯田是我国古代农业闻名和水利的重要典范，一直流传至今。此处作介词of的宾语，故应用名词“management管理”作表语，故填management。 2 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$