考点02 定语从句 八大知识点梳理 学案 备战2026届上海高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：定义 模块三：关系代词的用法 模块四：关系副词的用法 模块五：关系代词和关系副词的选用 模块六：关系代词作介词宾语 模块七：定语从句的种类 模块八：as引导的定语从句 模块九：定语从句特殊情况 模块十：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 1．The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of over 600 years old. = The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of were over 600 years old. 【答案】 them which 【详解】考查独立主格及定语从句。句意：在英国发现的最大的藏品是大约20万枚银便士中的一枚，它们都有600多年的历史。根据句意及所给句子可知，第一句话设空处无动词，应用代词them，构成独立主格结构；第二句话设空后有动词were，应该是非限定性定语从句，先行词是200,000 silver pennies，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且位于介词of后面，应用关系代词which。故填①them；②which。 2．According to Chinese legend, the first umbrella in ancient China was invented by Lady Yun, the wife of Lu Ban, a renowned craftsman in Chinese history. At the time, people relied on straw hats and capes during rainy days, proved inconvenient for travel. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据中国传说，中国古代的第一把伞是由鲁班的妻子云娘发明的，鲁班是中国历史上著名的工匠。当时，人们在雨天依靠草帽和斗篷，这被证明对出行不便。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．Dashuhua is more than a spectacle (精彩表演); it embodies the courage, skill, and perseverance of its performers, fight to keep this cultural treasure alive for future generations. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：打树花不仅仅是一场精彩表演；它体现了表演者的勇气、技巧和毅力，他们为让这一文化瑰宝为子孙后代传承下去而努力。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是performers，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4．“The music makes you happy because the melodies are cheerful.” said Tang Baoshan, started learning the folk songs when he was a child and soon demonstrated a talent for the form. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“音乐让人快乐，因为旋律很欢快。”唐宝山说道，他从小就开始学习民歌，并且很快就展现出了在这方面的天赋。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Tang Baoshan，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5．I believe most of the value of AI (lie) in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which (mean) it can even solve problems that (be) too challenging for human experts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 lies means are 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：我相信人工智能的大部分价值在于其分析和解释大量数据的能力，这意味着它甚至可以解决对人类专家来说过于挑战的问题。根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，所以全句使用一般现在时；第一空为宾语从句的谓语动词，主语为“most of the value of AI”，谓语动词应为单数形式，所以谓语动词为lies；第二空为which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，主语which指代的是整个主句的内容，所以谓语动词应为单数形式means；第三空为that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，从句的主语that指代的是先行词problems，所以谓语动词应为复数形式，即are。故填①lies②means③are。 6．His works blur the line between private and public spaces. What Alejandro Aravena, chair of the Pritzker jury, admires is that Liu “has found a way to build places are a building, landscape and public space at the same time.” 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：普利兹克奖评审团主席Alejandro Aravena称赞刘家琨之处在于，他“找到了一种方法，能够将建筑、景观和公共空间融为一体，打造出兼具这些元素的建筑作品。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 7．The Central Axis dates back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is an epitome (缩影) of traditional city design, in the central position is the emphasis, indicating the purpose of constructing social order and standardizing social life through the city layout. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中轴线可以追溯到元朝，而在明清时期，它的长度得到了延伸。它是传统城市设计的缩影，在这种设计中，中心位置是重点，表明通过城市布局来构建社会秩序和规范社会生活的目的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为traditional city design，指物，定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语，故应用which，此处in which引导定语从句，故填which。 8．Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9．A long scroll (卷轴) of the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival,” an iconic painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, constructed straight from LEGO bricks, has been on display since Sep 25th. Covering 47 square meters, this LEGO exhibit, has delicately pieced together a marvelous world the old and the new meet. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个乐高展品占地47平方米，精致地拼凑出一个奇妙的世界，在这里新旧交汇。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a marvelous world，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界自然基金会的一份报告，游客去年留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。为了减少我们的影响，我们可以采取简单的步骤：出门前清空冰箱，选择可持续的餐饮选择。“ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词over 1.3 billion tons of food waste，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 模块二 定义 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 模块三 关系代词的用法 在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法 三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 who和whom who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp. = The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. who和that 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。 (1) 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. (2) 先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. (4) 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. (5) 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. 2. 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. 3. 关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 ①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. ②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ③只用which而不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. (2) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel(which/that) you will stay in. (3) 在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 1．The new CRH train between Beijing and Shanghai ________ speed can reach about 380 km/h will benefit people a lot. A．that B．where C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：北京和上海之间的新型高铁，其速度可达约380公里/小时，将极大地造福人们。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The new CRH train，先行词The new CRH train与speed之间是所属关系，即“新型高铁的速度”，需用所有格关系代词whose引导。故选C。 2．Reducing overfishing activities can safeguard the future sustainability of small-scale fisheries and the communities ______ livelihood is dependent on them. A．where B．which C．whose D．who 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：减少过度捕捞活动可以保障小型渔业的未来可持续性，以及保障那些其生计依赖于渔业的社区的未来。空处引导定语从句，先行词the communities ，指物，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故选C。 3．Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water ________ cover 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. A．whose B．that C．where D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：海洋是覆盖地球表面71%的咸水体。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词bodies of salt water是物，因此空格处用that/which引导定语从句，故选B。 4．To raise money for his new idea, he toured the city's private companies ______ would fund new businesses, and he was able to find a supporter. A．which he hoped B．he hoped C．he hoped that D．what he hoped 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了为他的新想法筹集资金，他参观了该市的私营公司，他希望这些公司能为新企业提供资金，他找到了一个支持者。定语从句修饰先行词private companies，从句缺少主语，指物，不可省略，故用which。he hoped做插入语，故选A。 5．A green building is designed in a way _________ is not harmful to the environment. A．that B．when C．where D．who 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：绿色建筑是以一种对环境无害的方式设计的。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词way“方式”，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，需要使用关系代词that或which引导，结合选项可知，A选项正确。故选A。 6．He regretted the day _________ he wasted in the woods and _________ he should have studied. A．when; when B．that; when C．when; that D．that; that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他后悔在树林里浪费了一天，后悔本该学习的那一天。分析句子可知，分析第一个空：“he wasted in the woods”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个定语从句中，“wasted”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而关系代词“that”可以在定语从句中作宾语，指代先行词“the day”，即“he wasted the day in the woods”。关系副词“when”在定语从句中作时间状语，这里从句不缺少时间状语，所以不能用“when”，因此第一个空应填“that”。分析第二个空：“he should have studied”也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个从句中，“studied”是不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语，但缺少时间状语，表示“在那天他本应该学习”，关系副词“when”可以在定语从句中作时间状语，所以第二个空应填“when”。故选B项。 7．The administration accused Harvard university of failing to live up to both the intellectual and civil rights conditions ______ justify federal investment. A．where B．as C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：政府指责哈佛大学没有达到证明联邦投资合理性的学术和公民权利条件。分析句子结构可知，“______ justify federal investment”为定语从句，修饰先行词conditions。在定语从句中，需要一个关系代词来充当主语，指代“conditions”，并引导定语从句，that作为关系代词，既可以指代人也可以指代物，在定语从句中能够作主语或宾语。故选C项。 8．On December 5, 2024, the Spring Festival was added to the Representative List of intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO, filled every Chinese heart with joy and dignity. A．as B．what C．which D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2024年12月5日，春节被联合国教科文组织列入非物质文化遗产代表作名录，让每一个中国人的心中充满了欢乐和尊严。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。故选C。 9．Even on New Year’s Eve, ________ most of us are celebrating, the ambulance service staff are working. A．where B．when C．that D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：即使在我们大多数人都在庆祝的新年前夜，救护车服务人员也在工作。该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词New Year’s Eve，代替代先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which。故选D项。 10．The cross-river bridge, ______ construction took great effort, has significantly reduced traffic jams. A．where B．whose C．as D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座跨江大桥的建设花费了巨大的精力，大大减少了交通堵塞。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词bridge，在从句作定语，故用whose。故选B。 11．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位女商人昨天宣布退休，她的创新商业模式彻底改变了电子商务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是businesswoman，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故选B。 12．I forget the website ______ I intended to add to my favorite. It can help me learn how to write English composition. A．what B．where C．when D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我忘了那个我想加到我最喜欢的网址了，它能帮我学习如何写英语作文。本句为含有定语从句的复合句，website为先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作add的宾语，所以设空处填which，故选D项。 13．People ____ worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be ____ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health. A．who; because B．who; why C．which; what D．which; how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：担心食物的人更有可能节食。这可能是因为他们担心自己的体重，或者担心某些营养素对健康的影响。分析句子可知，第一空考查定语从句，先行词People，为人，在从句中作主语，所以可用关系代词who；第二空考查表语从句，且由句意可知，they are worried about their weight为节食的原因，所以应用because连接。故选A项。 14．The landscape ______ beauty is beyond description makes everyone who sees it fall in love with it. A．which B．whose C．when D．as 【答案】B 【详解】考查关系代词辨析。句意：那片美得无法形容的风景让每个看到它的人都为之倾心。A. which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；B. whose在定语从句中作定语，表所属关系，可指人或物；C. when在定语从句中作时间状语，指代时间；D. as引导定语从句时，常与“such”“the same”等连用，或用于非限制性定语从句中。本题中“landscape”与“beauty”是所属关系，即“风景的美丽”，用whose符合要求。故选B。 15．Elon Musk’s company Neuralink, ______ specializes in brain-computer interfaces, recently implanted its first chip (芯片) in a human volunteer. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：埃隆・马斯克的公司Neuralink，专注于脑机接口，最近将其第一个芯片植入了一名人类志愿者体内。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Elon Musk’s company Neuralink，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选B项。 模块四 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1. 关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state… The hotel where we stayed was very clean. =The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage(which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more. 2. 关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion... I’ll never forget the time when we first met. =I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. I still remember the day when my brother joined the army. = I still remember the day on which my brother joined the army. The date when he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are occasions when joking is not permissible. 3. 关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard. =The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason (that)/for which she left. · 带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句 “The reason why/that...” 或 “...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well. 表语从句 “The reason is that...” (不能用why, 否则就重复了) The reason is that he is always careless in his work. 16．—What do you think of literature, Sarah? —I find it fascinating and thought-provoking. It is a field_________ you can explore different cultures and perspectives through stories. A．which B．where C．when D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——萨拉，你对文学有什么看法？——我觉得它引人入胜，发人深省。这是一个你可以通过故事探索不同文化和观点的领域。A. which哪个，……的那个；B. where哪里，在……里；C. when何时，……的时候；D. that那个，用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是field，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选B项。 17．She is not only good at singing ______ also excellent at dancing. She often participates in various art performances, ______ she can show her talents fully. A．or; that B．nor; when C．but; where D．and; which 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：她不仅擅长唱歌，而且擅长跳舞。她经常参加各类艺术表演，在这些表演中，她可以充分展示自己的才华。第一空为not only... but also...  是固定搭配，连接两个并列的成分，表示递进关系，also可以省略，所以此处应填but；第二空处为非限制性定语从句，先行词 为performances，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选C项。 18．I walk through the doors into the waiting area, ________ people sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines. A．which B．where C．that D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我穿过门进入等候区，在那里人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻看旧杂志。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the waiting area，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选B。 19．The reason ______Hollywood was a natural place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day A．which B．what C．when D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：好莱坞之所以是拍电影的好地方，是因为那里每天都有阳光。分析句子可知，空格处为连词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，定语从句句子成分完整，所以用关系副词why引导，在定语从句中充当原因状语。故选D项。 20．I like playing chess very much because this is a game ______ everyone can learn to obey the rules. A．what B．where C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常喜欢下棋，因为这是一个人人都能学会遵守规则的游戏。本空引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词是game，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选B。 21．By 2050, humans may inhabit cities ______ all transportation is fully automated and environmentally friendly. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到2050年，人类可能居住在所有交通工具都完全自动化和环保的城市。空处引导定语从句，先行词是cities，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选B。 22．Over 400 guests attended the seminars at the 16th Chinese Language Day, the theme Poetic China showcased the elegance of Chinese culture through poetry and literature. A．which B．where C．when D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在第16届中文日活动上，400多位嘉宾参加了研讨会，“诗意中国”这一主题通过诗歌和文学展示了中国文化的优雅。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词“the 16th Chinese Language Day”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B项。 23．Communicative skills can be acquired on various occasions ________ students actively express themselves and exchange ideas with each other. A．which B．that C．whose D．when 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生可以在各种场合中积极地表达自己，相互交流思想，从而获得交际能力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词occasions指的是时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句，故选D。 24．Cooking is an engaging craft, ______ expertise along with passion plays a vital part. A．which B．as C．whose D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：烹饪是一门引人入胜的手艺，在其中专业知识和热情起着至关重要的作用。“______ expertise along with passion plays a vital part”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词craft，关系词将其代入从句中作状语，意为“在这门手艺中”，表示抽象地点，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选D项。 25．Between the two halves of the football game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can have a rest． A．when B．where C．which D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：足球比赛两半场之间有15分钟的休息时间，观众可以休息。分析句子可知__________ the audience can have a rest为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词break，关系词在从句中做时间状语，用when。故选A。 26．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ______ bossy employers may be challenged by employees. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：规章制度在僵化的体系中往往会遇到阻力，在这样的体系里，专横的雇主可能会受到员工的挑战。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“the rigid system”，且在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故选B。 27．There are various outdoor camp activities in the summer holidays, ________ students can show their ability to get on with others. A．when B．that C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：暑假有各种各样的户外露营活动，学生可以在那里展示他们与他人相处的能力。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词camp activities进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导从句。故选D项。 28．5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：5G 商用服务开启了一个新的数字时代，在这个时代里，不仅技术，还有人们的工作能力和生活方式都将得到升级。空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词a new digital age。先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故选C。 29．In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。 30．— What do you think of history, Tom? — I find it inspiring and eye-opening. It is a subject ______ you can understand the development of societies and the lessons from the past. A．which B．when C．where D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——汤姆，你觉得历史这门学科怎么样？——我觉得它既鼓舞人心又开阔眼界。历史是一门能让你了解社会发展和吸取历史教训的学科。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词subject，先行词subject为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词where。故选C项。 模块五 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 This is the college (that/which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. 两句中的先行词一样，都是college, 但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which, 因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where, 因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 31．Have you ever been to the museum ______ a large number of famous oil paintings are displayed? A．whose B．where C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你去过那个陈列着大量著名油画的博物馆吗？空处引导定语从句，先行词the museum，在从句作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选B。 32．The reason ________ Lucy gave for not being present at the board meeting was ________ the hurricane prevented her from coming. A．/; because B．/; that C．why; that D．why;/ 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：露西给出的没有出席董事会的理由是飓风使她不能来。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句作宾语，故用that、which或省略关系代词；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整故用that。故选B。 33．Among the many dangers _______ sailors have to face, the greatest of all is probably fog. A．when B．where C．what D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在水手必须面对的众多危险中，最大的可能就是雾了。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dangers，先行词指物，在从句中作face的宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选D。 34．— What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies _________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你最喜欢哪种电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。本空引导定语从句，先行词是the movies，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，且不能省略。故选B。 35．Nowadays, lots of universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space ______ benefits life-long learners. A．which B．who C．where D．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如今，许多大学在网上共享教学资源，创造了一个有利于终身学习者的学习空间。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是space，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选A。 36．By then we had reached the stage ___________ there were more male readers than female readers. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：到那时，我们已经到了男性读者多于女性读者的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词是stage，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故选B项。 37．I went to talk with my teacher Nancy, __________ words made me realize __________ silly mistakes I had made. A．whose; how B．which; what C．who; how D．whose; what 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：我去和我的老师南希谈话，她的话让我意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。第一个空处引导定语从句，先行词是Nancy，指人，且从句中缺少定语，应用关系代词whose。第二个空处引导realize的宾语从句，是感叹句型，silly mistakes是名词短语，应用what去修饰名词或者名词短语。故选D。 38．______back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about_______along the railway_____many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Sitting; travelling; that B．Sat; to travel; which C．Sitting; to travel; that D．Sat; traveling; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语和定语从句。句意：靠在椅背上，我简直不敢相信我要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行。第一空为非谓语动词，sit与I在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作状语；第二个空为be about to do sth“将要做某事”；第二个空涉及一个限制性定语从句，空处需要填入关系代词，代替先行词the railway，在从句中作主语 ，many foreign experts claimed做插入语，所以填that。故选C项。 39．Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ________ tireless work, none of these achievements would be possible. A．which B．whom C．whose D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们特别感谢成千上万的志愿者，没有他们不知疲倦的工作，这些成就都不可能实现。“without ________ tireless work”是定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers，指人，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中作work的定语，表示“志愿者的工作”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句，并在从句中作定语。故选C项。 40．Such people ________ were present at the meeting had a high regard for his new works, ________ made him proud. A．that; which B．as; which C．as; that D．that; that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：出席会议的人对他的新作品评价很高，这使他很自豪。第一空为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词people前有such修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as引导定语从句；第二个空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所此处使用关系代词，先行词指的是主句的内容，所以此处使用关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。 模块六 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) · “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) · 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 2) 根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 3) 根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 41．The scientists have made an extensive study of the viruses in the laboratory, most of ________ are extremely dangerous. A．them B．that C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们在实验室对这些病毒做了大量的研究，大多数的病毒极其危险。此处引导定语从句，先行词为viruses，指物，定语从句中缺少of的宾语，故应用which引导定语从句，故填which。 42．The Spring Festival is a unique occasion for all Chinese to unite with families, ______ people will cover a thousand miles to return to hometowns. A．in which B．with whom C．for which D．for whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：句意： 春节是所有中国人团聚的独特时刻，为了这个时刻，人们会不远千里返回家乡。先行词为occasion，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词为which，表示“为了这一时刻”，介词为for。故选C项。 43．Nowadays, there still exist a lot of challenges faced by some developing countries, ______ the greatest is hunger. A．of which B．by which C．to which D．with which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：目前，一些发展中国家仍然面临着许多挑战，其中最大的挑战是饥饿。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是challenges，指物，且根据句意可知，此处表示“挑战中最大的一个”，即the greatest of the challenges，应用介词of+关系代词which来引导定语从句，故选A。 44．Another team member got injured, ______ the team decided to abandon the plan to reach the peak of Mount Qomolangma. A．in this case B．in which occasion C．at which point D．in the event 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：另一名队员受伤，这时队员们决定放弃登顶珠峰的计划。根据空前的谓语动词got和空后的谓语动词decided可知，空前后为两个简单句，所以此处使用连词连接两个句子，结合选项可知，此处应为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，occasion与介词on搭配，而不是介词in，所以此处使用at which point引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“在另一名队员受伤的那个时刻”，which指代主句的内容。故选C项。 45．A tour bus, ______ body huge flowers were painted, appeared in Tianjin during the Begonia Festival. A．of which B．across whose C．across which D．of whose 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一辆车身画着巨大花朵的旅游巴士在海棠节期间出现在天津。空处引导定语从句。先行词为A tour bus，关系词在从句中作定语修饰body，表示 “巴士的车身”，作定语应用关系代词whose引导该从句。根据语境“花朵画在车身表面”可知，关系代词前面需要加介词across，表示 “横跨、在(身体某部位)上”，符合语境。故选B。 46．Many of his ideas may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate ______ artificial intelligence is being developed, these ideas may actually come true in the future. A．of which B．at which C．in which D．to which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的许多想法可能看起来像是空中楼阁，但考虑到人工智能的发展速度，这些想法可能在未来成为现实。at the rate是一个固定搭配，表示“以……的速度。所以这里用at which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the rate。故选B。 47．Judging from his face ________ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart. A．in which B．from which C．by which D．on which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从他脸上露出自信的微笑来看，我们知道他并没有灰心。此处引导定语从句，先行词是his face，定语从句中缺少的是on the face，所以用on which引导定语从句。故选D。 48．______ is most significant is the way ______ people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. A．What; in which B．That; in which C．What; which D．Which; that 【答案】A 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：最重要的是，人们与自然和谐相处，创造了这些梯田，种植了水稻。第一空引导的是主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代“最重要的内容”为物，用what；第二空引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，引导词可以使用that/in which/省略。故选A。 49．Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to local people ________ traditions hold much value. A．on which B．with whom C．in which D．for whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的农作物，但这些梯田对当地人来说仍然意义重大，因为传统对他们来说很有价值。此处引导定语从句，先行词为local people，从句的意思为“传统对当地人来说很有价值”，故应用介词for+whom引导定语从句，介词for意为“对……来说”，whom指代先行词，关系词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语。故选D。 50．The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag ________ the original blue box in _______ the notebooks were kept and a brown envelope. A．containing; where B．to contain; which C．containing; which D．to contain; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：警方发现，这两本“被盗”笔记本被放在一个礼品袋里，里面有原来装笔记本的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封。分析句子可知，该句第一空为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰a gift bag，a gift bag和contain为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；该句第二空，为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是“the original blue box”，在定语从句作介词in的宾语成分，这里介词“in”已经提前，在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用关系代词“which”引导。故选C项。 模块七 定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 区别： 1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why. 3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹) He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹) 5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. He was proud, which his brother never was. 模块八 as引导的定语从句 1. as引导的限定性定语从句 多用于the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. I saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dream of. He is as great a painter as ever lived. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in.（同一个） I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一类） 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句 多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know. =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ①位置的不同 which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如： He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同 as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. ④as 一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。 常用的结构有as we all know; as often happens; as is often the case; as we can see; as is announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned/ said/ shown/ reported等。 51．_______ difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meet such a precious opportunity _______ we have expected. A．Whatever; that B．However; as C．However; that D．Whatever; which 【答案】B 【详解】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句意：无论任务有多难，我们必须按时完成，因为我们再也不能遇到我们能想象的如此宝贵的机会了。第一个空difficult是形容词，应该用副词修饰，排除A、D；第二个空such...as是固定搭配，先行词opportunity在定语从句中作宾语。故选B。 【点睛】 52．My life is never the same ___________ it was three years ago. A．when B．what C．where D．as 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的生活和三年前完全不一样了。the same…as…和……一样。当先行词被such, the same修饰时，关系代词用as引导限制性定语从句。故选D。 53．________ is known to all, honesty is always the good choice. A．As B．It C．What D．We 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：众所周知，诚实总是一个好的选择。A. As正如；B. It它；C. What什么；D. We我们。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，且位于句首，表示“正如”用关系代词as，as is known to all“众所周知”。故选A项。 54．When fully to work, was often the case, he would forget about eating or sleeping. A．devoted； that B．devoting； which C．devoting； that D．devoted； as 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和定语从句。句意：当他全身心投入工作时，他就会废寝忘食，这是常有的事。第一空，be devoted to，专心于、致力于，在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：when he was fully devoted to work，相当于省略了he was，所以第一空填devoted；第二空为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，位于主句前，应用as。故选D。 55．The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A．where B．which C．what D．as 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如报道的那样，烟民的数量已经在一年内减少了17%。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，从句缺少主语，且要表达“正如”之意，应用as引导。故选D。 56．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so. A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和形容词。句意：众所周知，中国将在20年或30年左右成为一个先进和强大的国家。分析句式结构可知，此处是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面全句内容，as在从句中充当主语；再根据下文的country可知，“先进的”国家，用形容词advanced修饰。故选C项。 57．When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．absorbing; that B．absorbing; which C．absorbed; it D．absorbed; as 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：当他全神贯注地工作时，他常常会忘记吃饭和睡觉。一空处为when引导的时间状语从句，从句中主语为he，谓语为固定搭配：be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于”，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且谓语动词含有be的某种形式时，从句中主语和be可省略，所以一空处填absorbed，二空处引导非限制性定语从句，as is often the case情况常常如此，为固定表达，故选D项。 58．________ is often the case with elder people, my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于老人来说这是常有的事，我的奶奶不停地评论我的新发型至少50分钟。本题中的as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，as指代后面一句话的内容在定语从句中做主语。Which引导的非限制性定语从句，不能放在句首。That不能引导非限制性定语从句，而it不能引导定语从句。故C正确。 59．The great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world ______ every tourist dreams of paying a visit to. A．where B．that C．what D．as 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大金字塔是世界上著名的名胜古迹，每个游客都梦想着去参观。该空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a famous place of interest，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词被such修饰，应用关系代词as引导从句。故选D。 60．Never had they tasted such peculiar flavor before__________ was unique to this remote mountain village, __________ingredients were simple but quite rare. A．that; whose B．as; which C．which; where D．as; whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们从来没有尝过这样独特的味道，这是这个偏远山村所独有的，其食材简单却罕见。分析句子可知，空一引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flavor，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词由such修饰，用关系代词as，空二引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词flavor，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故选D。 模块九 定语从句特殊情况 1. way和time后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 注意： 1)在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。 2. 定语从句含插入成份 定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sb feel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。 如：This is the woman who the musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country. 此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。 We will discuss the benefits _________ I feel have resulted from the project. that/which They went to the place ________ they believed they could find some food. Where 模块十 当堂限时检测 61．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. 【答案】where 【详解】考查连词。句意：在文化交流日益频繁的全球化背景下，保护地方传统面临着前所未有的独特挑战。先行词为the context of globalization，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 62．There was not much we could do when it was raining outside. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：外面下雨的时候，我们没什么事可做。空处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词much，关系词在从句中作宾语，只能用that引导，故填that。 63．Later, artemisinin was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，青蒿素被用于治疗疟疾患者，其中大多数患者都康复了。逗号后的部分是非限制性定语从句，对先行词patients进行限定说明，先行词指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，空格处应该用关系代词whom。故填whom。 64．A very different film composer is Tan Dun, has a classical music background, unlike many film composers. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：谭盾是一个非常不同的电影作曲家，他有古典音乐背景，与许多电影作曲家不同。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tan Dun，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。 65．The house, was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble stairs. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座房子于1856年竣工，因其巨大的大理石楼梯而闻名。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词The house指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故应用which。故填which。 66．It was not easy to recruit 30 boys parents were willing to part with their sons for fifteen years. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：要招募到30名家长愿意将孩子暂时交给自己监护达15年之久的男孩并非易事。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰boys，先行词boys指人，且与从句中的parents为所属关系，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 67．The skill of the job, which is done today by Karo Jedrzejczyk, is in perfecting sound effects for subjects such as wildlife to the point the audience believes they are natural. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这项工作目前由卡罗·杰德热齐克负责完成，其职责在于精心制作诸如野生动物等主题的音效，直至让观众感觉这些音效是自然发生的。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词point，表示抽象的地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句。故填where。 68．That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种自主选择的权利是越来越多的人喜欢独自用餐的一个原因。曾经，人们可能会觉得向服务员提出要一张单人桌会有些尴尬，但那样的日子已经一去不复返了。如今，我们有了智能手机，在用餐时它们会陪伴我们左右。先行词是time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 69．This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种布局在随后的几个世纪中迅速发展并得到广泛应用，成为中国传统城市规划最典型的方法，这种方法通常被认为是城镇的方形设计。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the most typical approach，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此用which引导。故填which。 70．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the last mile of the race，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 71．A sports psychologist suggests there is something all great athletes have in common: They love competition and deal with stress well. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一位运动心理学家认为，所有伟大的运动员都有一个共同点：他们热爱竞争，能很好地应对压力。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且先行词something为不定代词，故只能用 that引导。故填that。 72．This famous company is looking for people can come up with original and useful ideas. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家著名的公司正在寻找那些能够提出新颖且实用想法的人才。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 73．New lawyers often come across various cases they really don’t know how to deal with tough situations in the beginning. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新律师经常遇到各种各样的案件，在这些案件中他们一开始真的不知道如何处理棘手的情况。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是various cases，在从句中作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 74．The English language was settled by the 19th century two big changes in English happened. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英语在19世纪得以定型，而也就是在这个时期，英语发生了两大变化。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 the 19th century，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 75．Britain is a leading expert in wildlife programming, thanks in no small part to the BBC’s Natural History Unit, is responsible for series including Planet Earth and Blue Planet. “The UK talent pool is exceptional, is why so many big projects are made here,” Andrew Wilson, chairman of the Association of Motion Picture Sound, said. 【答案】 which which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：英国在野生动物节目制作方面是顶尖专家，这在很大程度上要归功于BBC的自然历史部，该部门负责《地球脉动》和《蓝色星球》等系列节目。“英国的人才储备非常出色，这就是为什么这么多大项目都在这里制作，”电影声音协会主席Andrew Wilson说。第一空空格前先行词为the BBC’s Natural History Unit，空格后定语从句对其进行补充说明，且从句前有逗号隔开，为非限制性定语从句。先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。第二空空格前先行词为整个主句The UK talent pool is exceptional，空格后定语从句对前文内容进行补充说明，为非限制性定语从句。关系词指代前文整句话的内容，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。故填which；which。 76．Now, she devotes much of her life to recording the stories of these men, many of still have nightmares about the injustice done to the indigenous Marshallese people lived at the sites of the tests. 【答案】 whom who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如今，她把自己生命中的大部分时间用于记录这些人的故事，他们中的许多人仍然做着噩梦，梦见原住民马绍尔人所遭受的不公正待遇，这些马绍尔人曾居住在试验地点。第一空空格引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为these men，指人，空格前有介词of，构成“many of +whom/which”结构，whom指代人，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。第二空格为关系词引导定语从句，先行词为the indigenous Marshallese people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，who和that均可引导此类定语从句。故填①whom②who/that。 77．“Humans increase their respiratory rate (呼吸率) to maintain an appropriate body temperature,” he said, and that can be challenging for people with poor lung function. For reasons aren’t entirely clear, higher temperatures also seem to cause more coughing, breathlessness, and sputum production among such patients. For many doctors I spoke with, the heat had become the boiling water in they swam. 【答案】 which/that which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“人类通过增加呼吸率来维持适当的体温，”他说，这对肺功能不佳的人来说是一个挑战。原因尚不完全清楚，对这些病患来说，较高的温度似乎也会导致更多的咳嗽、呼吸困难和痰的产生。和我交谈过的许多医生认为，高温已经变成了他们在其中游泳的沸水。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，第一个空前的先行词是reasons，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词which/that；第二个空前的先行词是the boiling water，指物，关系词替代先行词在介词in后作宾语，所以此处只能用关系代词which。故填①which/that ②which。 78．“With demand stimulated and supply constrained, fuel prices will continue rising until demand is destroyed to a level it can meet supply,” she said. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她说：在需求受到刺激而供应受限的情况下，燃料价格将继续上涨，直到需求被抑制到与供应相匹配的水平。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为“a level”，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词为抽象地点名词“在该水平上”，所以应用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。故填 where。 79．These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. 【答案】 why where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这些发展可能会使我们目前的自动语音电话问题更加严重。自动语音电话之所以令人头疼，与其说是因为数量，不如说是因为精确度。十年来，个人信息的数据泄露导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多信息。第一空前的先行词为the reason，定语从句robocalls are a headache中缺少原因状语，故用关系副词why来引导。第二空前的先行词为a situation，定语从句scammers can easily learn your mother’s  name, and far more中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where来引导，修饰抽象地点名词。故依次填why；where。 80．The friend is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands (place) on the friend has moved. 【答案】 who placed who 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：留下来的朋友需要对搬到别处的朋友所承担的所有额外时间需求保持敏感。分析第一个空可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词是“The friend”，指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who；分析第二个空可知，设空处作后置定语修饰“all the additional time demands”，“demands”与“place”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词placed；分析第三个空可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词是“the friend”，指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who。故填①who；②placed；③who 1 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：定义 模块三：关系代词的用法 模块四：关系副词的用法 模块五：关系代词和关系副词的选用 模块六：关系代词作介词宾语 模块七：定语从句的种类 模块八：as引导的定语从句 模块九：定语从句特殊情况 模块十：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 1．The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of over 600 years old. = The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of were over 600 years old. 2．According to Chinese legend, the first umbrella in ancient China was invented by Lady Yun, the wife of Lu Ban, a renowned craftsman in Chinese history. At the time, people relied on straw hats and capes during rainy days, proved inconvenient for travel. 3．Dashuhua is more than a spectacle (精彩表演); it embodies the courage, skill, and perseverance of its performers, fight to keep this cultural treasure alive for future generations. 4．“The music makes you happy because the melodies are cheerful.” said Tang Baoshan, started learning the folk songs when he was a child and soon demonstrated a talent for the form. 5．I believe most of the value of AI (lie) in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which (mean) it can even solve problems that (be) too challenging for human experts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．His works blur the line between private and public spaces. What Alejandro Aravena, chair of the Pritzker jury, admires is that Liu “has found a way to build places are a building, landscape and public space at the same time.” 7．The Central Axis dates back to the Yuan Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is an epitome (缩影) of traditional city design, in the central position is the emphasis, indicating the purpose of constructing social order and standardizing social life through the city layout. 8．Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 9．A long scroll (卷轴) of the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival,” an iconic painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, constructed straight from LEGO bricks, has been on display since Sep 25th. Covering 47 square meters, this LEGO exhibit, has delicately pieced together a marvelous world the old and the new meet. 10．However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. 模块二 定义 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 模块三 关系代词的用法 在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法 三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 who和whom who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp. = The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. who和that 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。 (1) 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. (2) 先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. (4) 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. (5) 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. 2. 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. 3. 关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 ①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. ②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ③只用which而不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. (2) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel(which/that) you will stay in. (3) 在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 1．The new CRH train between Beijing and Shanghai ________ speed can reach about 380 km/h will benefit people a lot. A．that B．where C．whose D．which 2．Reducing overfishing activities can safeguard the future sustainability of small-scale fisheries and the communities ______ livelihood is dependent on them. A．where B．which C．whose D．who 3．Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water ________ cover 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. A．whose B．that C．where D．how 4．To raise money for his new idea, he toured the city's private companies ______ would fund new businesses, and he was able to find a supporter. A．which he hoped B．he hoped C．he hoped that D．what he hoped 5．A green building is designed in a way _________ is not harmful to the environment. A．that B．when C．where D．who 6．He regretted the day _________ he wasted in the woods and _________ he should have studied. A．when; when B．that; when C．when; that D．that; that 7．The administration accused Harvard university of failing to live up to both the intellectual and civil rights conditions ______ justify federal investment. A．where B．as C．that D．what 8．On December 5, 2024, the Spring Festival was added to the Representative List of intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO, filled every Chinese heart with joy and dignity. A．as B．what C．which D．that 9．Even on New Year’s Eve, ________ most of us are celebrating, the ambulance service staff are working. A．where B．when C．that D．which 10．The cross-river bridge, ______ construction took great effort, has significantly reduced traffic jams. A．where B．whose C．as D．which 11．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 12．I forget the website ______ I intended to add to my favorite. It can help me learn how to write English composition. A．what B．where C．when D．which 13．People ____ worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be ____ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health. A．who; because B．who; why C．which; what D．which; how 14．The landscape ______ beauty is beyond description makes everyone who sees it fall in love with it. A．which B．whose C．when D．as 15．Elon Musk’s company Neuralink, ______ specializes in brain-computer interfaces, recently implanted its first chip (芯片) in a human volunteer. A．who B．which C．where D．whose 模块四 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1. 关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state… The hotel where we stayed was very clean. =The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage(which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more. 2. 关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion... I’ll never forget the time when we first met. =I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. I still remember the day when my brother joined the army. = I still remember the day on which my brother joined the army. The date when he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are occasions when joking is not permissible. 3. 关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard. =The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason (that)/for which she left. · 带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句 “The reason why/that...” 或 “...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well. 表语从句 “The reason is that...” (不能用why, 否则就重复了) The reason is that he is always careless in his work. 16．—What do you think of literature, Sarah? —I find it fascinating and thought-provoking. It is a field_________ you can explore different cultures and perspectives through stories. A．which B．where C．when D．that 17．She is not only good at singing ______ also excellent at dancing. She often participates in various art performances, ______ she can show her talents fully. A．or; that B．nor; when C．but; where D．and; which 18．I walk through the doors into the waiting area, ________ people sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines. A．which B．where C．that D．when 19．The reason ______Hollywood was a natural place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day A．which B．what C．when D．why 20．I like playing chess very much because this is a game ______ everyone can learn to obey the rules. A．what B．where C．which D．that 21．By 2050, humans may inhabit cities ______ all transportation is fully automated and environmentally friendly. A．that B．where C．which D．when 22．Over 400 guests attended the seminars at the 16th Chinese Language Day, the theme Poetic China showcased the elegance of Chinese culture through poetry and literature. A．which B．where C．when D．that 23．Communicative skills can be acquired on various occasions ________ students actively express themselves and exchange ideas with each other. A．which B．that C．whose D．when 24．Cooking is an engaging craft, ______ expertise along with passion plays a vital part. A．which B．as C．whose D．where 25．Between the two halves of the football game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can have a rest． A．when B．where C．which D．that 26．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ______ bossy employers may be challenged by employees. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 27．There are various outdoor camp activities in the summer holidays, ________ students can show their ability to get on with others. A．when B．that C．which D．where 28．5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 29．In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world. A．when B．where C．what D．which 30．— What do you think of history, Tom? — I find it inspiring and eye-opening. It is a subject ______ you can understand the development of societies and the lessons from the past. A．which B．when C．where D．that 模块五 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 This is the college (that/which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. 两句中的先行词一样，都是college, 但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which, 因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where, 因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 31．Have you ever been to the museum ______ a large number of famous oil paintings are displayed? A．whose B．where C．that D．which 32．The reason ________ Lucy gave for not being present at the board meeting was ________ the hurricane prevented her from coming. A．/; because B．/; that C．why; that D．why;/ 33．Among the many dangers _______ sailors have to face, the greatest of all is probably fog. A．when B．where C．what D．which 34．— What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies _________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 35．Nowadays, lots of universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space ______ benefits life-long learners. A．which B．who C．where D．what 36．By then we had reached the stage ___________ there were more male readers than female readers. A．that B．where C．which D．when 37．I went to talk with my teacher Nancy, __________ words made me realize __________ silly mistakes I had made. A．whose; how B．which; what C．who; how D．whose; what 38．______back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about_______along the railway_____many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Sitting; travelling; that B．Sat; to travel; which C．Sitting; to travel; that D．Sat; traveling; that 39．Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ________ tireless work, none of these achievements would be possible. A．which B．whom C．whose D．that 40．Such people ________ were present at the meeting had a high regard for his new works, ________ made him proud. A．that; which B．as; which C．as; that D．that; that 模块六 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) · “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) · 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 2) 根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 3) 根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 41．The scientists have made an extensive study of the viruses in the laboratory, most of ________ are extremely dangerous. A．them B．that C．which D．what 42．The Spring Festival is a unique occasion for all Chinese to unite with families, ______ people will cover a thousand miles to return to hometowns. A．in which B．with whom C．for which D．for whom 43．Nowadays, there still exist a lot of challenges faced by some developing countries, ______ the greatest is hunger. A．of which B．by which C．to which D．with which 44．Another team member got injured, ______ the team decided to abandon the plan to reach the peak of Mount Qomolangma. A．in this case B．in which occasion C．at which point D．in the event 45．A tour bus, ______ body huge flowers were painted, appeared in Tianjin during the Begonia Festival. A．of which B．across whose C．across which D．of whose 46．Many of his ideas may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate ______ artificial intelligence is being developed, these ideas may actually come true in the future. A．of which B．at which C．in which D．to which 47．Judging from his face ________ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart. A．in which B．from which C．by which D．on which 48．______ is most significant is the way ______ people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. A．What; in which B．That; in which C．What; which D．Which; that 49．Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to local people ________ traditions hold much value. A．on which B．with whom C．in which D．for whom 50．The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag ________ the original blue box in _______ the notebooks were kept and a brown envelope. A．containing; where B．to contain; which C．containing; which D．to contain; that 模块七 定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 区别： 1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why. 3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹) He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹) 5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. He was proud, which his brother never was. 模块八 as引导的定语从句 1. as引导的限定性定语从句 多用于the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. I saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dream of. He is as great a painter as ever lived. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in.（同一个） I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一类） 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句 多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know. =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ①位置的不同 which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如： He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同 as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. ④as 一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。 常用的结构有as we all know; as often happens; as is often the case; as we can see; as is announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned/ said/ shown/ reported等。 51．_______ difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meet such a precious opportunity _______ we have expected. A．Whatever; that B．However; as C．However; that D．Whatever; which 52．My life is never the same ___________ it was three years ago. A．when B．what C．where D．as 53．________ is known to all, honesty is always the good choice. A．As B．It C．What D．We 54．When fully to work, was often the case, he would forget about eating or sleeping. A．devoted； that B．devoting； which C．devoting； that D．devoted； as 55．The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A．where B．which C．what D．as 56．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so. A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing 57．When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．absorbing; that B．absorbing; which C．absorbed; it D．absorbed; as 58．________ is often the case with elder people, my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 59．The great Pyramid is such a famous place of interest in the world ______ every tourist dreams of paying a visit to. A．where B．that C．what D．as 60．Never had they tasted such peculiar flavor before__________ was unique to this remote mountain village, __________ingredients were simple but quite rare. A．that; whose B．as; which C．which; where D．as; whose 模块九 定语从句特殊情况 1. way和time后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 注意： 1)在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。 2. 定语从句含插入成份 定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sb feel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。 如：This is the woman who the musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country. 此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。 We will discuss the benefits _________ I feel have resulted from the project. that/which They went to the place ________ they believed they could find some food. Where 模块十 当堂限时检测 61．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. 62．There was not much we could do when it was raining outside. 63．Later, artemisinin was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. 64．A very different film composer is Tan Dun, has a classical music background, unlike many film composers. 65．The house, was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble stairs. 66．It was not easy to recruit 30 boys parents were willing to part with their sons for fifteen years. 67．The skill of the job, which is done today by Karo Jedrzejczyk, is in perfecting sound effects for subjects such as wildlife to the point the audience believes they are natural. 68．That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. 69．This type of layout quickly developed and became widely used in subsequent centuries, establishing itself as the most typical approach to traditional Chinese urban planning, was generally acknowledged as the square-block design of towns. 70．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 71．A sports psychologist suggests there is something all great athletes have in common: They love competition and deal with stress well. 72．This famous company is looking for people can come up with original and useful ideas. 73．New lawyers often come across various cases they really don’t know how to deal with tough situations in the beginning. 74．The English language was settled by the 19th century two big changes in English happened. 75．Britain is a leading expert in wildlife programming, thanks in no small part to the BBC’s Natural History Unit, is responsible for series including Planet Earth and Blue Planet. “The UK talent pool is exceptional, is why so many big projects are made here,” Andrew Wilson, chairman of the Association of Motion Picture Sound, said. 76．Now, she devotes much of her life to recording the stories of these men, many of still have nightmares about the injustice done to the indigenous Marshallese people lived at the sites of the tests. 77．“Humans increase their respiratory rate (呼吸率) to maintain an appropriate body temperature,” he said, and that can be challenging for people with poor lung function. For reasons aren’t entirely clear, higher temperatures also seem to cause more coughing, breathlessness, and sputum production among such patients. For many doctors I spoke with, the heat had become the boiling water in they swam. 78．“With demand stimulated and supply constrained, fuel prices will continue rising until demand is destroyed to a level it can meet supply,” she said. 79．These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. 80．The friend is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands (place) on the friend has moved. 1 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$