Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 核心词汇讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

选择性必修三 Unit 4 重点单词 1. adversity n. 困境；逆境 adverse adj. 不利的；adversely adv. 不利地 face adversity 面对逆境；overcome adversity 克服困难 例句： He showed great courage in the face of adversity. 他在逆境中表现出巨大勇气。 Many people grow stronger through adversity. 许多人在逆境中变得更坚强。 2. wage n. 工资 wage-earner n. 工薪阶层；wage increase 加薪 例句： The workers demanded higher wages. 工人们要求提高工资。 Her monthly wage covers basic expenses. 她的月薪能支付基本开销。 3. bitter adj. 严寒的；苦的；激烈的 bitterness n. 苦味；怨恨；bitterly adv. 痛苦地 bitter cold 严寒；bitter experience 痛苦的经历 例句： The medicine has a bitter taste. 这药有苦味。 They had a bitter argument last night. 昨晚他们发生了激烈争吵。 4. expedition n. 探险；远征 expeditionary adj. 远征的；expeditioner n. 探险队员 例句： The team prepared for their Antarctic expedition. 团队为南极探险做准备。 Many discoveries were made during the expedition. 这次探险中有了许多发现。 5. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力 endure v. 忍受；enduring adj. 持久的 test one's endurance 考验耐力；endurance training 耐力训练 例句： Marathon running requires great endurance. 马拉松需要极强的耐力。 His endurance during the crisis was admirable. 他在危机中的忍耐力令人钦佩。 6. vigour (vigor) n. 精力；活力 vigorous adj. 精力充沛的；vigorously adv. 有力地 例句： The young man worked with great vigour. 这个年轻人工作充满干劲。 After the vacation, she returned with renewed vigour. 假期后她精力充沛地回来了。 7. turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) 例句： She turned down the job offer. 她拒绝了这份工作邀请。 The committee turned down his proposal. 委员会否决了他的提案。 8. qualified adj. 合格的；有资格的 qualify v. 使合格；qualification n. 资格 highly qualified 高度合格的；qualified teacher 合格教师 例句： Only qualified doctors can perform the surgery. 只有合格医生才能进行这个手术。 She is well qualified for the position. 她完全胜任这个职位。 9. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 enthusiasm n. 热情；enthusiastically adv. 热情地 例句： The students gave an enthusiastic welcome. 学生们给予了热情欢迎。 He's always enthusiastic about new projects. 他对新项目总是充满热情。 10. aboard adv. & prep. 在(船、飞机等)上 boarding n. 登机/船 例句： The passengers hurried aboard the train. 乘客们匆忙登上火车。 There were 200 people aboard the ship. 船上有200人。 11. assign vt. 分配；指派 assignment n. 任务；assignable adj. 可分配的 assign homework 布置作业；assign a task 分配任务 例句： The teacher assigned a research project. 老师布置了一个研究项目。 He was assigned to the London office. 他被派往伦敦办事处。 12. envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌 envious adj. 羡慕的；enviable adj. 令人羡慕的 例句： Her success aroused much envy. 她的成功引起了很多羡慕。 I envy your cooking skills. 我羡慕你的厨艺。 13. crush v. & n. 压碎；拥挤人群 crushing adj. 压倒性的；crusher n. 粉碎机 crush the competition 击败竞争对手；have a crush on 迷恋 例句： The machine crushes rocks into powder. 机器将石头碾成粉末。 There was a dangerous crush at the concert. 音乐会上出现了危险的人群拥挤。 14. sink v. 下沉；沉没 sinking n. 下沉；sunk adj. 沉没的 例句： The ship sank during the storm. 船在风暴中沉没了。 The sun was sinking below the horizon. 太阳正沉入地平线。 15. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃 abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；abandonment n. 放弃 例句： They had to abandon the sinking ship. 他们不得不放弃正在下沉的船。 The project was abandoned due to lack of funds. 项目因缺乏资金而被放弃。 16. blanket n. 毯子 blanketed adj. 覆盖的；blanketing n. 毯料 例句： She wrapped herself in a warm blanket. 她用温暖的毯子裹住自己。 A blanket of snow covered the ground. 一层雪覆盖了地面。 17. belongings n. 财物；动产 belong v. 属于 personal belongings 个人物品；pack one's belongings 打包行李 例句： Please take care of your personal belongings. 请保管好个人物品。 All his belongings fit in one suitcase. 他所有物品一个行李箱就能装下。 18. miserable adj. 痛苦的；难受的 misery n. 痛苦；miserably adv. 悲惨地 例句:The refugees were living in miserable conditions. 难民们生活在悲 惨环境中。 I had a miserable cold last week. 上周我得了重感冒很难受。 19. voyage n. & v. 航海；航行 voyager n. 航海者；voyaging n. 航海 maiden voyage 首航；ocean voyage 远洋航行 例句:The voyage across the Atlantic took three weeks. 横渡大西洋的航行花了三周。 They voyaged to unknown lands. 他们航行到了未知的土地。 20. decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 decency n. 得体；体面 例句： He found a decent job after graduation. 他毕业后找到了一份不错的工作。 Please wear decent clothes for the interview. 请穿着得体来参加面试。 21. cosy (cozy) adj. 温馨的；舒适的 cosiness n. 舒适感 例句： The small café had a cosy feel. 这家小咖啡馆感觉很温馨。 We spent a cosy evening by the fireplace. 我们在壁炉边度过了舒适的夜晚。 22. selfish adj. 自私的 selfishly adv. 自私地；selfishness n. 自私 例句： It was selfish of him to take the last piece. 他拿走最后一块太自私了。 She realized her mistake and stopped being so selfish. 她意识到错误，不再那么自私。 23. genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的 genuinely adv. 真正地；genuineness n. 真实性 genuine leather 真皮；genuine concern 真诚的关心 例句： She showed genuine interest in the project. 她对项目表现出真正的兴趣。 This painting is a genuine Picasso. 这幅画是毕加索的真迹。 24. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 perseverance n. 毅力；persevering adj. 不屈不挠的 persevere with 坚持做；persevere through difficulties 坚持克服困难 例句：Despite setbacks, she persevered with her studies. 尽管遇到挫折，她仍坚持学习。 Success comes to those who persevere. 成功属于坚持不懈的人。 25. resolve v. & n. 决心；解决 resolution n. 决心；resolute adj. 坚决的 例句： The committee resolved to take action. 委员会决心采取行动。 Her resolve to succeed never wavered. 她成功的决心从未动摇。 26. crew n. 全体工作人员；团队 crewman n. 船员/机组成员；crewed adj. 有人操作的 flight crew 机组人员；film crew 电影摄制组 例句： The ship's crew prepared for departure. 船员们准备启航。 A camera crew arrived to film the event. 摄影组来拍摄这个活动。 27. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的 cruelly adv. 残酷地；cruelty n. 残忍 例句： It was cruel to abandon the pet. 遗弃宠物很残忍。 The dictator was known for his cruel regime. 这个独裁者以残酷统治闻名。 28. thorough adj. 彻底的；细致的 thoroughly adv. 彻底地；thoroughness n. 彻底性 thorough check 彻底检查；thorough understanding 透彻理解 例句： The police conducted a thorough investigation. 警方进行了彻底调查。 She gave the room a thorough cleaning. 她彻底打扫了房间。 29. fortunately adv. 幸运地 fortunate adj. 幸运的；fortune n. 运气 fortunately enough 足够幸运；fortunately for sb. 对某人来说是幸运的 例句： Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident. 幸运的是事故中无人受伤。 I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了，但幸运的是会议还没开始。 30. bat n. & v. 球拍；蝙蝠；击球 batsman n. 击球手；batting n. 击球 baseball bat 棒球棒；cricket bat 板球拍 例句： He hit the ball with a wooden bat. 他用木制球棒击球。 Bats fly out at dusk to hunt insects. 蝙蝠黄昏时飞出捕食昆虫。 31. damp adj. 潮湿的 dampen v. 使潮湿；dampness n. 潮湿 damp weather 潮湿天气；damp cloth 湿布 例句： The walls felt cold and damp. 墙壁摸起来又冷又潮。 Damp conditions can cause mold. 潮湿环境会导致发霉。 32. recreation n. 娱乐；消遣 recreational adj. 娱乐的；recreate v. 再现 outdoor recreation 户外娱乐；recreation center 娱乐中心 例句： Reading is her favorite recreation. 阅读是她最爱的消遣。 The park provides many recreational activities. 公园提供多种娱乐活动。 33. guidance n. 指导；引导 guide v./n. 指导/指南；guideline n. 指导方针 career guidance 职业指导；under sb's guidance 在某人的指导下 例句： The teacher provided guidance with the project. 老师为项目提供指导。 With proper guidance, he improved quickly. 在正确指导下，他进步很快。 34. advertise v. 宣传；做广告 advertisement n. 广告；advertiser n. 广告商 例句:The company advertised its new smartphone on TV. 公司在电视上宣传新款智能手机。 They're advertising for a marketing manager. 他们正在登广告招聘市场经理。 35. corporate adj. 公司的；法人的 corporation n. 公司；incorporate v. 合并 corporate culture 企业文化；corporate finance 公司财务 例句： She works in the corporate headquarters. 她在公司总部工作。 Corporate social responsibility is important. 企业社会责任很重要。 36. rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的 roughly adv. 粗略地；roughness n. 粗糙度 例句： The boat struggled in the rough waters. 小船在汹涌的水域艰难前行。 He gave a rough sketch of the plan. 他给出了计划的粗略草图。 37. navigator n. 领航员；航行者 navigate v. 导航；navigation n. 航行 例句： The navigator plotted the ship's course. 领航员规划了船只航线。 Early Polynesians were skilled navigators. 早期的波利尼西亚人是熟练的航海者。 38. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 loyalty n. 忠诚；loyally adv. 忠诚地 例句： He remained loyal to his principles. 他始终忠于自己的原则。 The brand has many loyal followers. 这个品牌有许多忠实拥趸。 39. motor n. 发动机；马达 adj. 机动的 motorize v. 使机动化；motorist n. 驾车者 electric motor 电动机；motor vehicle 机动车辆 例句： The boat's motor stopped working. 船的发动机停止工作了。 Motor insurance is compulsory here. 这里机动车保险是强制性的。 40. candidate n. 候选人；应试者 candidacy n. 候选人资格 presidential candidate 总统候选人；job candidate 求职者 例句： Three candidates are running for mayor. 三位候选人竞选市长。 She was the strongest candidate for the position. 她是该职位最有实力的候选人。 41. make fire 生火 例句： The scouts learned how to make fire safely. 童子军学习如何安全生火。 In survival training, making fire is essential. 在生存训练中，生火是基本技能。 42. give off 放出(热、光、气味等) 例句： The flowers give off a pleasant fragrance. 这些花散发出怡人香气。 The chemical reaction gives off toxic gas. 该化学反应会释放有毒气体。 43. episode n. 一段经历；插曲 TV episode 电视剧集 例句： The final episode airs tonight. 最后一集今晚播出。 That was an embarrassing episode in my life. 那是我人生中尴尬的一段经历。 44. commitment n. 承诺；奉献 commit v. 承诺；committed adj. 尽心尽力的 例句： She showed great commitment to her job. 她对工作表现出极大投入。 Marriage requires mutual commitment. 婚姻需要相互承诺。 45. motive n. 动机；目的 motivation n. 动机；motivate v. 激励 ulterior motive 隐秘动机；profit motive 利润动机 例句： The police investigated the killer's motive. 警方调查了凶手的动机。 Helping others should be the main motive. 帮助他人应是主要目的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$