定语从句基础复盘&科普文阅读2025-2026学年外研版英语九年级上册

外研版初三上册定语从句基础复盘&科普文阅读 S1 定语从句基础用法--关系代词先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词。 一、关系代词的区分及运用 常见的关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose。 （一）that 指代人或物。在从句中可作主语、宾语。 作宾语时可省略。 例1（指人，作主语）：The man that is talking to my father is a doctor. （正在和我父亲说话的那个人是一名医生。） 例2（指物，作宾语）：This is the book that I bought yesterday. （这是我昨天买的那本书。） （二）which 指代物。在从句中可作主语、宾语。 作宾语时可省略。 例1（作主语）：The building which stands near the river is our school. （矗立在河边的那栋楼是我们的学校。） 例2（作宾语）：I don’t like the movie which we saw last night. （我不喜欢我们昨晚看的那部电影。） （三）who 指代人。在从句中作主语。 例句：The girl who won the first prize is my classmate. （获得一等奖的那个女孩是我的同学。） （四）whom 指代人。在从句中作宾语，常可省略，也可用 who 代替，但在正式文体中多用 whom。 例句：The boy whom/who we met at the party is very friendly. （我们在聚会上遇到的那个男孩很友好。） （五）whose 指代人或物，在从句中作定语，意为 “…… 的”。 替代成：my, your, his, her, its, our, their 例 1（指人）：Do you know the girl whose hair is very long? （你认识那个头发很长的女孩吗？） 例 2（指物）：I live in a house whose windows face south. （我住在一栋窗户朝南的房子里。） （六）特殊点 以下情况只能用 that，不能用 which： ①先行词是不定代词 all, something, nothing 等时。 例如：All that he said is true.（他说的都是真的。） ②先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时。 例如：This is the first book that I read.（这是我读的第一本书。） ③先行词既有人又有物时。 例如：We talked about the people and things that we saw in the park.（我们谈论了在公园里看到的人和事。） ④先行词被the only, the very等修饰时。 例如：This is the very book that I have been looking for these days.（这正是我这几天一直在找的那本书。） 【巩固练习】 一、单项选择 1.The girl ______ is wearing a red dress is my sister. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 2.This is the factory ______ we visited last week. A. who B. which C. whose D. where 3.I know the boy ______ father is a teacher. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 4.The book ______ he gave me is very interesting. A. that B. who C. whose D. what 5.We will never forget the days ______ we spent together. A. when B. that C. where D. on which 二、用适当的关系代词填空 1.The man _________ is standing at the door is our teacher. 2.This is the pen _________ I lost yesterday. 3.She is the girl _________ brother is a famous singer. 4.The film _________ we saw last night was very exciting. 5.I have a friend _________ likes collecting stamps. 参考答案：ABCAB who/that which/that whose which/that who/that S2 基础类科普文阅读 Passage 1 The Amazing World of Bees Bees are small but very important creatures in our world. You might see them flying around flowers in gardens or parks. These busy insects have a big job to do—they help plants make fruits and seeds. When a bee lands on a flower to drink sweet nectar（花蜜）, tiny yellow grains called pollen（花粉） stick to its body. As the bee moves to another flower, some of this pollen falls off. This process, called pollination（授粉）, helps plants grow new fruits like apples, strawberries, and even vegetables such as tomatoes. In fact, about one-third of the food we eat depends on bees! Bees live in large groups called colonies. Each colony has a queen bee, hundreds of male drones（雄蜂）, and thousands of female worker bees. The queen lays eggs, the drones help with reproduction, and the workers do most of the work—收集collecting food, building honeycombs（蜂窝）, and taking care of baby bees. Sadly, bees are facing problems. Pollution, pesticides（农药）, and loss of natural habitats are making it hard for them to survive. We can help by planting more flowers, avoiding harmful chemicals in gardens, and learning more about these amazing insects. Bees may be small, but their work keeps our planet healthy and full of life. 1.What is the main job of bees mentioned in the passage? A. Making honey B. Helping plants grow fruits and seeds C. Flying in gardens D. Living in colonies 2.What is pollination? A. The process of bees drinking nectar B. The process of pollen moving from one flower to another C. The way bees build honeycombs D. The method of queen bees laying eggs 3.How many types of bees are in a colony? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 4.Which group of bees does most of the work in a colony? A. Queen bees B. Male drones C. Female worker bees D. Baby bees 5.What is NOT a problem that bees are facing? A. Pollution B. More natural habitats C. Pesticides D. Loss of homes 参考答案：BBCCB Passage 2 Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered about the stars? Thanks to aerospace technology, humans have been able to explore space beyond our planet. This exciting field uses science and engineering to build tools that help us study the universe. One important tool is the satellite. Satellites are machines sent into space to orbit Earth. They help with weather forecasting, TV signals, and even GPS navigation that tells us where we are. The International Space Station (ISS) is another amazing creation—a large satellite where astronauts live and work. It orbits Earth every 90 minutes! Rockets are like "space taxis" that carry satellites and people into space. They need powerful engines to escape Earth’s gravity, the force that keeps us on the ground. In 2020, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon became the first private spaceship to carry astronauts to the ISS. This marked a new era in space travel. Astronauts wear special spacesuits to stay safe in space. These suits provide oxygen, protect against extreme temperatures, and shield astronauts from harmful radiation. When walking outside the ISS, called a spacewalk, suits keep them alive in the vacuum of space—where there is no air. Space exploration teaches us about our planet and beyond. It helps develop new technologies that improve life on Earth, too. Who knows? Maybe one day, you could be part of the team that discovers something incredible in space! 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How rockets are built B. Different technologies used in space exploration C. What astronauts do on the ISS D. Why we study the stars 2.The underlined word "orbit" in paragraph 2 probably means _______. A. to land on B. to circle around C. to fly away from D. to crash into 3.Why do rockets need powerful engines? A. To carry heavy satellites B. To escape Earth’s gravity C. To make TV signals D. To protect astronauts 4.What is the function of spacesuits? A. They help astronauts walk faster on Earth. B. They provide oxygen and protect astronauts. C. They make spacewalks impossible. D. They create gravity in space. 5.Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Living on the International Space Station B. How Rockets Work C. Amazing Tools for Exploring Space D. The History of Satellites 参考答案：BBBBC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$