2025年中考英语难点语法被动语态考点精讲&专项练习

中考难点语法被动语态考点精讲&专项练习 一．被动语态的基本概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，用于表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 英语中有主动语态和被动语态两种。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，如 “Many students study English.”； 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，如 “English is studied by many students.”。 二．被动语态的构成： 1.被动语态由 “助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词（p.p）” 构成，助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为系动词的变化完全一样。 例如： 一般现在时为 “am/is/are + p.p.”，如 “A lot of books are kept in our school library.”；一般过去时为 “was/were + p.p.”，如 “A thief was caught last night.”； 一般将来时为 “will/shall be + p.p.”，如 “A new subway line will be built in Futian.”； 含情态动词的被动结构为 “情态动词 + be + p.p.”，如 “This computer can be bought here.”。 三．被动语态的用法： （1）当不知道谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态，如 “His bike has been stolen.”。 （2）在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态，如 “China was liberated in 1949.”。 （3）强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态，如 “The plan has already been made.”。 如需同时指出动作的执行者，可用 “介词 by + 动词执行者（宾格）” 这一结构，如 “Midnight was written by Mao Dun.”。 四．主动语态变被动语态的方法： 第一步，将主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语（如宾语是人称代词须变为主格）。 第二步，将主动结构的谓语动词变为 “be + 过去分词” 的形式（be 应依原句时态变化）。 第三步，将主动结构的主语变为由 by 引起的短语后置（如主语是人称代词须变为宾格；不强调动作的执行者或无法说明动作的执行者时，by 短语常可省去）。 五．特殊情况： 1.含有短语动词的主动句变为被动句时，动词短语不可分开，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如，“We must take good care of the children.” 变为被动语态是 “The children must be taken good care of.”。 2.使役动词 have, make, let 和感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, look, watch, see, notice 等在主动态省略 to，被动语态要加上 to。如 “I made him wait for long.” 变为被动语态是 “He was made to wait for long.”。 3.双宾语结构中，若是直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，要在间接宾语前加上相应的介词。 例如，“give/pass/show/lend sb. sth.” 可变为 “sth. is given/passed/shown/lent to sb.”；“buy sb. sth.” 可变为 “sth. is bought for sb.”。 六.被动语态和系表结构的区别： （1） 被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态。 例如，“The cup was broken by a boy.” 是被动语态，强调杯子被男孩打破这个动作； “The cup is broken.” 是系表结构，强调杯子现在的状态是破碎的。 （2） 被动语态可有多种时态，而系表结构通常只有一般现在时和过去时。 如 “My bike is being repaired.” 是被动语态的现在进行时； “He is/was interested in his work.” 是系表结构。 （3） 被动语态可跟 by 短语，表动作的执行者，如 “The dress was made by my mother.”；系表结构一般不跟 by 短语。 七．用主动语态形式表示被动含义的情况： （1）某些感官动词，如 feel, sound, smell, taste 等，用主动形式表示被动意义，如 “The flowers smell sweet.”。 （2）一些不及物动词，如 take place, happen, wash, sell, move 等，用主动形式表示被动意义，如 “Her novel sells well.”。 （3）某些作表语的形容词（easy, hard, heavy, nice 等）后，不定式用主动形式表被动，如 “That question is easy to answer.”。 “need/want/require doing” 以及 “be worth doing” 结构中，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 “That tree needs watering.”“The dictionary is well worth buying.”。 中考英语被动语态专项练习卷 一、单项选择（每题 2 分，共 50 分） 1. — When ________ the car ________? — In 1885. A. did; invent B. was; invented C. does; invent D. is; invented 2. A lot of trees ________ around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now. A. plant B. is planted C. were planted D. are planted 3. The young man was often seen ________ by the lake. A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew 4. These model cars ________ in China in 2023. A. are made B. were made C. make D. made 5. The 24th Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022. A. is held B. was held C. will be held D. has been held 6. — Why didn't you come to Jenny's birthday party yesterday? — Because I ________. A. didn't invite B. isn't invited C. wasn't invited D. haven't invited 7. The students ________ to clean the classroom every day. A. asks B. asked C. are asked D. were asked 8. The old man is ill. He must ________ to the hospital at once. A. be sent B. send C. is sent D. be send 9. This kind of machine ________ cutting meat in big restaurants. A. uses for B. is used for C. is used as D. is used by 10. — I want to borrow the book, but I don't know how long it can ________. — For two weeks. A. borrow B. be borrowed C. keep D. be kept 11. The window ________ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now. A. can be cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. will be cleaned 12. The Great Wall ________ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 13. A new school ________ in my hometown next year. A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. was built 14. — What language ________ in Canada? — Both English and French. A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking D. are spoken 15. These photos ________ on the Great Wall last week. A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken 16. The food ________ in a fridge in summer. A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be keep D. must kept 17. The song ________ by children. A. is often sung B. was often sung C. sings D. has often sung 18. The bridge ________ in three weeks. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 19. — Where is the 2024 Olympic Games ________? — In Paris. A. hold B. held C. being held D. will be held 20. The work ________ in two days. A. will finish B. will be finished C. is finished D. are finished 21. English ________ in many countries, but Chinese ________ their own language. A. is spoken; speaks B. speaks; is spoken C. is spoken; speak D. is spoken; is spoken 22. The flowers ________ every day, or they'll die. A. must water B. can be watered C. should water D. must be watered 23. The letter ________ three days ago and it ________ yesterday. A. is posted; arrives B. was posted; arrived C. posted; arrived D. has been posted; has arrived 24. The room ________ by me every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaning 25. — What happened to the boy? — He ________ by a car. A. was hit B. has been hit C. is hit D. will be hit 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空（每题 2 分，共 30 分） 1. The classroom ________ (clean) every day. 2. These books ________ (write) many years ago. 3. The floor ________ (sweep) by my sister just now. 4. A new factory ________ (build) in our city next year. 5. The letter ________ (send) to my friend last week. 6. The clothes ________ (wash) by my mother now. 7. My bike ________ (repair) yesterday afternoon. 8. Trees ________ (plant) in spring every year. 9. The song ________ (sing) by many people. 10. The work ________ (finish) last week. 11. This kind of car ________ (make) in Shanghai. 12. I ________ (tell) to wait for him here yesterday. 13. A sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school next month. 14. The food ________ (eat) up by the children just now. 15. This kind of machine ________ (use) for cutting paper. 三、按要求改写句子（每题 4 分，共 20 分） 1. They built the house in 1990.（改为被动语态） The house ________ ________ in 1990. 2. People grow rice in the south of China.（改为被动语态） Rice ________ ________ in the south of China. 3. We must water the flowers every day.（改为被动语态） The flowers must ________ ________ every day. 4. The workers will build a new bridge next year.（改为被动语态） A new bridge ________ ________ ________ by the workers next year. 5. He gave me a book yesterday.（改为被动语态，两种改法） (1) I ________ ________ a book by him yesterday. (2) A book ________ ________ ________ me by him yesterday. 答案 一、单项选择 1. B 解析：汽车是被发明，且时间是 1885 年，用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 was/were + 过去分词。 2. D 解析：trees 和 plant 之间是被动关系，且 every year 表明是一般现在时，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为 am/is/are + 过去分词。 3. A 解析：see sb. do sth. 变为被动语态时要加 to，即 sb. be seen to do sth.。 4. B 解析：model cars 是被制造，且时间是 2023 年，用一般过去时的被动语态。 5. B 解析：冬奥会是被举办，且时间是 2022 年，用一般过去时的被动语态。 6. C 解析：我是被邀请，且昨天没去说明是过去没被邀请，用一般过去时的被动语态。 7. C 解析：students 和 ask 之间是被动关系，且 every day 用一般现在时的被动语态。 8. A 解析：老人是被送往医院，must 后用动词原形，所以用 be sent。 9. B 解析：be used for doing sth. 表示 “被用来做某事”。 10. D 解析：书是被借，且 how long 要和延续性动词搭配，borrow 是短暂性动词，keep 是延续性动词，这里用 be kept。 11. C 解析：ten minutes ago 表明是过去时，窗户是被擦，用一般过去时的被动语态。 12. C 解析：长城是被全世界知晓，用一般现在时的被动语态。 13. B 解析：学校是被建造，且 next year 用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为 will be + 过去分词。 14. A 解析：语言是被说，且 language 是不可数名词，用一般现在时的被动语态，be 动词用 is。 15. C 解析：last week 表明是过去时，照片是被拍，用一般过去时的被动语态。 16. B 解析：食物是被保存在冰箱，must 后用 be kept。 17. A 解析：歌曲是被唱，且陈述一般情况用一般现在时的被动语态。 18. C 解析：桥是被建造，且 in three weeks 用一般将来时的被动语态。 19. C 解析：奥运会是被举办，且这里问的是正在哪里被举办，用现在进行时的被动语态，结构为 am/is/are + being + 过去分词。 20. B 解析：工作是被完成，且 in two days 用一般将来时的被动语态。 21. C 解析：English 是被说，用被动语态；Chinese 这里指中国人，是主动说自己的语言。 22. D 解析：花是被浇水，且 must 后用 be watered。 23. B 解析：信是被寄，三天前用一般过去时的被动语态；它昨天到达，用一般过去时。 24. B 解析：房间是被打扫，且 every day 用一般现在时的被动语态。 25. A 解析：男孩是被车撞，且问的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时的被动语态。 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. is cleaned 2. were written 3. was swept 4. will be built 5. was sent 6. are being washed 7. was repaired 8. are planted 9. is sung 10. was finished 11. is made 12. was told 13. will be held 14. was eaten 15. is used 三、按要求改写句子 1. was built 2. is grown 3. be watered 4. will be built 5. (1) was given (2) was given to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$