精品解析：上海市顾村中学2024-2025学年高一上学期10月月考英语试题

上海市顾村中学2024学年第一学期10月阶段性评价 高一年级英语学科 答题时间90分钟，均在答题纸作答 Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper 1．A．At 7:30. B．At 8:00. C．At 8:30. D．At 9:00. 2．A．Their TV sets. B．Their jobs. C．Their children. D．Their watches. 3．A．At a music hall. B．At a restaurant. C．At a store. D．At a theater. 4．A．A receptionist. B．A waitress. C．A shop assistant. D．An air hostess. 5．A．Have dinner. B．Phone the man. C．Have an appointment. D．Discuss a project. 6．A．It’s made of cotton. B．It feels soft. C．It was bought today. D．It’s expensive. 7．A．She thinks her achievement could have been greater. B．She thinks her achievement didn’t deserve the Nobel Prize. C．She thinks other women scientists have greater achievement. D．She thinks she had the greatest achievement among women scientists. 8．A．The man’s major is computer science. B．The man is making progress in his major. C．The man is having a hard time in his major. D．The man thought computer science was interesting. 9．A．He himself is the weather forecaster. B．He wouldn’t like to know what the weather is like this week. C．He is blaming the woman for not listening to the weather forecast. D．He is surprised that the woman still believes what the weather forecast says. 10．A．The man doesn’t know when the train will arrive. B．The woman likes to read magazines on the train. C．The man is sure that the train will arrive soon. D．The woman will not wait any longer. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．It uses too much fuel. B．It creates long-lasting pollution. C．It causes great pollution to produce gas. D．It affects many different places at once. 12．A．Taking a taxi instead. B．Taking a bus instead. C．Taking a train instead. D．Taking a bicycle instead. 13．A．They’ll start environmental projects. B．They’ll help to reduce businessmen’s flights. C．They’ll get transportation companies to be cleaner. D．They’ll give money to environmental organizations. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．5 years old. B．8 years old. C．10 years old. D．15 years old. 15．A．His shy character. B．A frightening experience. C．Strict school rules. D．His fear of making friends. 16．A．By becoming a teacher. B．By learning how to swim. C．By saving a girl from the water. D．By going on school trips often. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．How to get a degree. B．How to follow your dreams. C．How to do research for future jobs. D．How to plan your life after graduation. 18．A．Worried. B．Confident. C．Happy. D．Relaxed. 19．A．Having your own business. B．Finding a full-time job immediately. C．Working for a cause you care about. D．Taking time off to stay with your family. 20．A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Boss and secretary. D．Interviewer and interviewee. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (10%) Fill in the blanks with the proper form of verb. 1. The building was old and __________ (need) repairing.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】needed 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：这栋楼很旧，需要修理。and连接并列谓语，根据was可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，使用一般过去时，need使用过去式形式needed。故填needed。 2. __________ (go) abroad for a tour can be a worthwhile experience to a senior high student. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Going 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对一个高中生来说，出国旅游可能是一次有价值的经历。空处在句中作主语，表示一般性的、抽象的动作，故用动名词形式going作主语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Going。 3. —I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you. —Oh, I __________ (talk) to myself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was talking 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——抱歉，我没太听清你说的话。——哦，我刚才在自言自语。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据对话中的I didn’t quite catch you可知，第二个人是在解释为什么第一个人没有听清他说话的原因，即过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。因此，应该使用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词使用was。故填was talking。 4. —Are you going to the movies tonight? —Yes, by then my homework __________ (finish). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have been finished 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你今晚打算去看电影吗？——是的，到那时我的作业就会完成了。句中by then（到那时）指的是 “今晚去看电影的时候”，表示未来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，需用将来完成时；homework与finish是被动关系，因此用将来完成时的被动语态。故填will have been finished。 5. She is really tired out for he __________ (complete) so much housework without having a rest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has completed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。 句意：她真的很累，因为他不休息就完成了这么多家务。for引导原因状语从句，空处作从句谓语，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has completed。 6. Having mastered the technology of manned spacecraft, China became the third country __________ (send) man to space. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to send 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：掌握了载人航天技术后，中国成为第三个将人类送入太空的国家。句中已有became，空处作非谓语动词，名词country被序数词修饰，且和send是逻辑上的主动关系，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to send。 7. I saw the thief __________ (steal) into the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】steal 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我看见小偷溜进了房间。句中已有谓语saw，空处作非谓语动词，see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”，强调看到动作的全过程；see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看到动作正在发生。根据语境可知，此处表示“看见小偷溜进了房间的全过程”，空处应使用省略to的不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填steal。 8. I’d rather __________ (not, tell) you the truth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】not tell 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我宁愿不告诉你真相。would rather (not) do sth.是固定搭配，意为“宁愿（不）做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形，tell为动词原形“告诉”，其否定形式是在前面加not，即not tell。故填not tell。 9. Sometimes Rose __________ (not, have) lunch at school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】doesn’t have 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有时Rose不在学校吃午饭。根据Sometimes可知，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时；主语Rose是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，其否定形式是doesn’t have。故填doesn’t have。 10. Joan __________ (write) a book about Chinese last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was writing 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：Joan去年正在写一本关于汉语的书，但我不知道她是否完成了。根据时间状语last year以及don’t know whether she has finished it可知，前句描述的是过去正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时，其结构为：was/were+现在分词，主语Joan是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was writing。 Vocabulary (20’) A Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. most B. provide C. choices D. generations E. changes F. diets G. limit H. extra I. consider J. worldwide K. regular Researchers say American children now eat an average of three snacks a day between meals. A study found that those snacks add up to almost one-third of all the daily calories eaten by children. And those ____11____ calories could help explain the rise in overweight children in the United States. The study was done at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The researchers studied the ____12____ of thirty-one thousand children aged two to eighteen over a thirty-year period. They found that snacking has increased since the nineteen seventies. And what kinds of snacks have increased the ____13____. Salty, high-fat foods like chips. The study also found greater snacking on cake, cookies and other treats that past ____14____ might have saved for after dinner. The study is in the journal Health Affairs. Nutrition professor Barry Popkin was one of the lead researchers. He says parents should ____15____ snacks to one a day for children age six and older. He also advises parents and caregivers to ____16____ healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables. Professor Popkin says American schools also need to improve their nutrition. For example, schools may have vending machines (贩卖机) that offer what many people would ____17____ junk food. There has been a push for schools to offer more healthful snacks and lunch ____18____ and fewer sugary drinks. Earlier this month Coca-Cola said it would stop selling sugary drinks in American schools unless parents asked them. Its competitors at Pepsi just announced that they will stop sales of sugared drinks to schools ____19____. America’s top public health officer wants to see more ____20____ like this. 【答案】11. H 12. F 13. A 14. D 15. G 16. B 17. I 18. C 19. J 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国儿童零食摄入现状及问题，研究显示零食占比高导致儿童超重，专家建议限制零食并提供健康选择，学校也需改进。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而这些额外的卡路里有助于解释美国超重儿童数量上升的原因。根据前句“those snacks add up to almost one-third of all the daily calories eaten by children”可知，零食带来的卡路里是额外的，空处应用形容词extra，意为“额外的”，作定语修饰名词calories。故填H。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员对31000名2至18岁儿童进行了为期30年的饮食研究。根据句中“of thirty-one thousand children ages two to eighteen over a thirty-year period”以及下文“They found that snacking has increased since the nineteen seventies.”可知，此处表示研究人员对儿童的饮食进行研究，名词diet“饮食”，符合语境，表复数概念，填复数形式diets作宾语。故填F。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：那么哪些零食的增长幅度最大呢？根据后文“Salty, high-fat foods like chips. The study also found greater snacking on cake, cookies and other treats”可知，此处表示零食种类增加最多，空处应用副词最高级most，意为“最多”，此处表示程度。故填A。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：该研究还发现，现在孩子们吃蛋糕、饼干和其他零食的情况比过去几代人可能留到饭后吃的要多。根据句中“might have saved for after dinner”可知，此处表示与过去几代人进行比较，空处应用名词复数形式generations，意为“几代人”，在that引导的定语从句中作主语。故填D。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：他说，家长应该把6岁及以上儿童的零食限制在每天一份。情态动词should后接动词原形，根据句中“to one a day for children age six and older”可知，此处表示限制零食数量，空处应用动词limit，意为“限制”，符合语境，故填G。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：他还建议家长和照顾者提供健康的零食，如水果和蔬菜。advise sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“建议某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形。根据句中“healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables”可知，此处表示提供健康的零食，空处应用动词provide，意为“提供”，故填B。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，学校可能有自动售货机，提供许多人会认为是垃圾食品的东西。would后接动词原形，根据句中“junk food”可知，此处表示提供许多人会认为是垃圾食品的食物，空处动词consider，意为“认为”，符合语境，故填I。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：人们一直推动学校提供更健康的零食和午餐选择，减少含糖饮料。作宾语，根据句中“offer more healthful snacks and lunch”可知，此处表示提供更健康的零食和午餐选择，名词choice“选择”，复合句意，此处表多种选择，用名词复数choices。故填C。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：而其竞争对手百事可乐刚刚宣布，他们将在全球范围内停止向学校销售含糖饮料。根据上文“Earlier this month Coca-Cola said it would stop selling sugary drinks in American schools unless parents asked them.”以及句中“they will stop sales of sugared drinks to schools”可知，可口可乐公司表示，除非家长提出要求，否则将不再在美校销售含糖饮料，而其竞争对手百事可乐在更大范围的学校停售含糖饮料，副词worldwide，意为“全世界地”，作地点状语，符合语境。故填J。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：美国最高公共卫生官员希望看到更多这样的改变。作see宾语，根据上文“Earlier this month Coca-Cola said it would stop selling sugary drinks in American schools unless parents asked them. Its competitors at Pepsi just announced that they will stop sales of sugared drinks to schools ____9____.”以及句中“like this”可知，此处表示更多这样的改变，名词change“改变”复合句意，为可数名词，more后接可数名词复数形式，所以空处应用changes。故填E。 B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．surprisingly B．focuses C．clues D．leadership E．helpful F．recognized G．attentiveness H．considered I．non-verbal J．fully K．behaviors Body language refers to various forms of non-verbal communication, which in a person may reveal (透露) clues as-to some unspoken intention or feeling through their physical behaviors. These ____21____ can include gestures, facial expression, and eye movements. Body language can also vary (不同) depending on the culture. There are a set of commonly ____22____ gestures but many are influenced by our social settings. Although this article ____23____ on interpretations (解释) of human body language, also animals use body language as a communication mechanism (机制). Body language is typically subconscious (潜意识的) behavior, and is therefore ____24____ to be different from sign language, which is a ____25____ conscious (有意识的) and intentional (故意的) act of communication. Body language may provide ____26____ as to the attitude or state of mind of a person. For example, it may indicate aggression, ____27____, boredom, a relaxed state, pleasure and amusement. However, the value of body language in recognizing cheat has been called into question. Body language is very important to communication and relationships. It is relevant (相关的) to management and ____28____ in business and also in places where it can be observed by many people. It can also be relevant to some outside of the workplace. It is commonly ____29____ in dating, in family settings, and parenting. Although body language is ____30____ or non-spoken, it can reveal much about your feelings and meaning to others and how others reveal their feelings toward you Body language signals happen on both a conscious and subconscious level. 【答案】21. K 22. F 23. B 24. H 25. J 26. C 27. G 28. D 29. E 30. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的定义、形式、特点及在不同场景中的重要性。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些行为可以包括手势、面部表情和眼球运动。根据前文“Body language refers to various forms of non-verbal communication, which in a person may reveal clues as to some unspoken intention or feeling through their physical behaviors.(肢体语言指的是各种形式的非语言交流，一个人可能通过其身体行为透露一些未说出口的意图或感受的线索)”可知，此处指的是这些身体行为，结合选项，K. behaviors(行为)符合语境。故填K。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有一些普遍被认可的手势，但许多手势受我们的社会环境影响。根据前文“Body language can also vary depending on the culture.(肢体语言也可能因文化而异)”可知，此处是在说手势的普遍性和受社会环境影响的特点，结合选项，F. recognized(被认可的)符合“普遍被认可的手势”这一语义。故填F。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管本文聚焦于人类肢体语言的解读，动物也将肢体语言作为一种交流机制。根据前文对肢体语言的介绍，此处说明本文的论述重点，结合选项，B. focuses(聚焦)与“on”搭配，构成focus on(聚焦于)，符合语境，且主语this article为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填B。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：肢体语言通常是潜意识行为，因此被认为与手语不同，手语是一种完全有意识且故意的交流行为。根据前文“Body language is typically subconscious behavior (肢体语言通常是潜意识行为)”以及后文对手语的描述，此处是说肢体语言与手语的不同被如何看待，结合选项，H. considered(认为)构成be considered to be(被认为是)，符合语境。故填H。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：肢体语言通常是潜意识行为，因此被认为与手语不同，手语是一种完全有意识且故意的交流行为。根据前文对肢体语言是“subconscious(潜意识的)”的描述，此处对比说明手语是“conscious(有意识的)”的程度，结合选项，J. fully(完全地)修饰conscious，符合“完全有意识”的语义。故填J。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：肢体语言可能提供关于一个人的态度或心理状态的线索。根据后文“For example, it may indicate aggression, ____ boredom, a relaxed state, pleasure and amusement.(例如，它可能表明攻击性……无聊、放松状态、愉悦和娱乐)”可知，这些都是态度或心理状态的表现，即肢体语言提供了相关线索，结合选项，C. clues(线索)符合语境。故填C。 27题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，它可能表明攻击性、专注、无聊、放松状态、愉悦和娱乐。根据前文 “Body language may provide ____ as to the attitude or state of mind of a person.(肢体语言可能提供关于一个人的态度或心理状态的……)”可知，此处列举的都是态度或心理状态，结合选项，G. attentiveness(专注)符合语境。故填G。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：它与商业中的管理和领导力以及在许多人可以观察到的地方都相关。根据前文“Body language is very important to communication and relationships.(肢体语言对交流和人际关系非常重要)”可知，此处说明在商业领域的具体相关方面，与“management(管理)”并列，结合选项，D. leadership(领导力)符合语境。故填D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它在约会、家庭环境和育儿中通常很有帮助。根据前文“It can also be relevant to some outside of the workplace.(它也可能与工作场所之外的一些事情相关)”可知，此处说明在工作场所之外的场景中肢体语言的作用，结合选项，E. helpful(有帮助的)符合“在这些场景中很有帮助”的语义。故填E。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管肢体语言是非语言的或非口头的，但它可以向他人透露你的许多感受和意义，以及他人对你的感受。根据后文“non-spoken(非口头的)”可知，此处应填与之意思相近的词，结合选项，I. non-verbal(非语言的)符合语境。故填I。 Ⅲ．Clozo (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t ____31____ them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are too ____32____ and too strict with their children; and they seldom give their children a ____33____ hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt when ____34____. For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to ____35____ that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something ____36____. When you want your parents to let you do something, you will be more ____37____ if you ask for their permission before you really start doing it. Young people often make their parents angry at their ____38____ in clothes, in entertainment and music. But they do not mean to ____39____; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been ____40____. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their own. And if their parents do not like music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy. Sometimes you are so ____41____ yourself that you do not want your parents to say “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is ____42____ enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were ____43____ under your parents’ control. If you plan to control your ____44____, you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of ____45____, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do. 31. A. protect B. spare C. understand D. guide 32. A. serious B. humorous C. kind D. honest 33. A. helpful B. free C. usual D. real 34. A. angry B. busy C. tired D. young 35. A. show B. say C. complain D. deny 36. A. uninterrupted B. unavoidable C. unexpected D. unrespectable 37. A. dissatisfied B. successful C. uncomfortable D. energetic 38. A. designs B. knowledge C. scenes D. choices 39. A. cause any trouble B. make fun C. keep their words D. show respect 40. A. separated B. protected C. prevented D. accepted 41. A. grateful to B. proud of C. strict with D. sorry about 42. A. strange B. funny C. confusing D. natural 43. A. necessarily B. completely C. seriously D. frequently 44. A. speed B. life C. study D. work 45. A. arrangement B. responsibility C. regulation D. importance 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了年轻人与父母相处的矛盾，分析了双方差异的原因，并建议年轻人争取父母理解以获得自主空间。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说他们的父母不理解他们。A. protect保护；B. spare抽出，匀出；C. understand理解；D. guide指导。根据上文“It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. (年轻人和父母在一起时常常感到不自在是很自然的)”以及下文“They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways (他们常常认为父母与现代生活方式脱节)”可知，年轻人觉得父母不理解他们。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们常常认为他们的父母与现代生活方式脱节；他们对孩子太严肃，太严格；而且他们很少放手给孩子。A. serious严肃的；B. humorous幽默的；C. kind善良的；D. honest诚实的。根据下文“and too strict with their children (并对孩子太严格)”可知，此处与“strict”并列，描述父母对孩子的态度，serious“严肃的”符合语境，即父母对孩子太严肃、太严格。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们常常认为他们的父母与现代生活方式脱节；他们对孩子太严肃，太严格；而且他们很少放手给孩子。A. helpful有帮助的；B. free自由的；C. usual通常的；D. real真实的。根据下文“It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt (的确，父母经常发现很难赢得孩子的信任，他们往往会忘记自己的感受)”以及“Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds,(老年人更容易担心。他们中的大多数人都提前计划好了事情，至少在内心深处是这样)”可知，父母更容易提前计划好事情，对孩子不会轻易放手，give sb. a free hand“放手让某人做”符合语境。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：的确，父母常常发现很难赢得孩子的信任，而且他们往往会忘记自己年轻时的感受。A. angry生气的；B. busy忙碌的；C. tired疲倦的；D. young年轻的。根据上文“It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust (的确，父母常常发现很难赢得孩子的信任)”以及下文描述年轻人和父母之间的差异可知，父母会忘记自己年轻时的感受，young符合语境。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他们展示自己已经长大，能够面对任何困难局面的一种方式。A. show展示；B. say说；C. complain抱怨；D. deny否认。根据下文“that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation (他们已经长大，能够面对任何困难局面)”可知，年轻人这样做是为了展示自己已经长大，show符合语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们中的大多数人至少在心里提前计划好事情，不喜欢他们的计划被意外的事情打乱。A. uninterrupted不间断的；B. unavoidable不可避免的；C. unexpected意外的；D. unrespectable不值得尊敬的。根据上文“Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds (他们中的大多数人至少在心里提前计划好事情)”可知，老年人喜欢提前计划，不喜欢计划被意外的事情打乱，unexpected符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你想让父母允许你做某事时，如果你在真正开始做之前先征得他们的同意，你会更成功。A. dissatisfied不满意的；B. successful成功的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据下文“if you ask for their permission before you really start doing it. (如果你在真正开始做之前先征得他们的同意)”可知，这样做会让你更有可能得到父母的允许，即更成功，successful符合语境。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人常常因为他们在衣服、娱乐和音乐方面的选择而惹父母生气。A. designs设计；B. knowledge知识；C. scenes场景；D. choices选择。根据下文“in clothes, in entertainment and music (在衣服、娱乐和音乐方面)”可知，此处表示年轻人在这些方面的选择可能会与父母不同，从而惹父母生气，choices符合语境。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但他们并不是有意要惹麻烦；只是他们觉得自己与老年人的世界隔绝了，他们还没有被那个世界接受。A. cause any trouble惹麻烦；B. make fun取笑；C. keep their words遵守诺言；D. show respect表示尊重。根据上文“Young people often make their parents angry at their __8__ in clothes, in entertainment and music.”以及下文“it is just that they feel cut off from the older people’s world (只是他们觉得自己与老年人的世界隔绝了)”可知，年轻人并不是有意要惹麻烦，cause any trouble符合语境。故选A。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们并不是有意要惹麻烦；只是他们觉得自己与老年人的世界隔绝了，他们还没有被那个世界接受。A. separated分离；B. protected保护；C. prevented阻止；D. accepted接受。根据上文“they feel cut off from the older people’s world (他们觉得自己与老年人的世界隔绝了)”可知，年轻人觉得自己没有被老年人的世界接受，accepted符合语境。故选D。 【41题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：有时候你对自己太自豪了，以至于你不想让父母对你所做的事情说“是”。A. grateful to感激；B. proud of自豪；C. strict with严格；D. sorry about抱歉。根据下文“All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. (你只想一个人待着，做自己喜欢做的事)”可知，年轻人有时候对自己很自豪，不想让父母干涉自己的事情，proud of符合语境。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在做了这么多年的孩子，完全在父母的控制之下之后，这是很自然的。A. strange奇怪的；B. funny有趣的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“after being a child for so many years (在做了这么多年的孩子之后)”以及常识可知，年轻人想要独立是很自然的，natural符合语境。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在做了这么多年的孩子，完全在父母的控制之下之后，这是很自然的。A. necessarily必要地；B. completely完全地；C. seriously严肃地；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文“after being a child for so many years (在做了这么多年的孩子之后)”以及常识可知，此处表示做孩子时，年轻人是完全在父母的控制之下的，completely符合语境。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你打算控制自己的生活，你最好赢得父母的支持，并努力让他们理解你。A. speed速度；B. life生活；C. study学习；D. work工作。根据下文“you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. (你最好赢得父母的支持，并努力让他们理解你)”以及语境可知，年轻人想要控制自己的生活，life符合语境。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的父母看到你有很强的责任感，他们肯定会给你做你想做的事的权利。A. arrangement安排；B. responsibility责任；C. regulation规则；D. importance重要性。根据下文“they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do. (他们肯定会给你做你想做的事的权利)”可知，父母看到年轻人有责任感才会给他们做自己想做的事的权利，responsibility符合语境。故选B。 Ⅳ．Reading (30’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲)and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 46. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _____. A. he is a lazy person B. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening C he is not sure when his energy is low D. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle 47. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage? A. A change in a family member’s energy cycle. B. Familiar monologues. C. Not understanding energy cycles. D. Trying to control the energy cycle of other family members. 48. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _____. A. keep your energy cycle under control all day B. help you to control your temper early in the day C. enable you to concentrate on your routine work D. help to keep your energy for the day’s work 【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了有些人每天早起时很困难，是因为每个人都有自己独特的日常能量循环，所以每个人的习惯也不一样。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文第二段中的“No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening.（还没有人发现这到底是为什么,但它导致了一个十分熟悉的唠叨，如：快起来，约翰！你上班又要迟到了！一个对于这个问题比较有可能的解释就是，晚上才是约翰温度及能量的高峰。）”可知，对于那些起不了早的人来说，其体温高峰可能是在下午或晚上，故选B。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.（当丈夫和妻子意识到这些能量循环到底意味着什么，并且了解到他们的家人都拥有什么样的能量循环时，很多家庭争吵就停止了）”可知，很多争吵都是由于彼此之间没有意识到对方的能量周期而造成的，也就是说，不了解这些能量循环，会导致家庭争吵。故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段前两句Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. （早上慢慢起床可以节省能量。早上起来先悠闲地打个哈欠，伸个懒腰。）可知，作者建议早上起来先悠闲地打个哈欠，伸个懒腰的原因是为白天的工作储蓄能量。故选D。 (B) Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 49. The passage is mainly about _____________. A communication types B. the workplace atmosphere C. customs and social manners D. living conditions and standards 50. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 51. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D. When dining with business partners. 52. In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A. In Brazil. B. In Singapore. C. In the United Arab Emirate. D. In Switzerland. 【答案】49. C 50. D 51. B 52. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文是一本手册上摘录下来的，是关于不同国家里的风俗习惯和社交礼仪的。在这篇短文中一共出现了四个国家或地区。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述的什么？由第一段“Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries”可知，这里是一个从一本手册上摘录下来的，关于不同的国家中，人们的行为举止是怎样的。所以第一段就是文章的中心句。故短文主要是关于不同的国家风俗习惯和社交礼仪。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。为什么新加坡人不会跟老板发生争吵。由In Singapore “Rank is important and authority is respected”可知，在新加坡等级是很重要的，权威的人物必须受到尊敬。由此我们可以知道，新加坡人不会跟他们的老板争吵。故选D。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。在阿联酋，什么时候你应该拒绝咖啡？根据短文第四段中When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse.可知，当独自见面时，如果主人给你咖啡，你应该拒绝。故选B。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。在哪个国家人们把手放在餐桌上？根据短文的最后一段“The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.”可知，在瑞士这个国家里，人们遵循着正式的餐桌礼仪，他们在吃饭的时候，要把手放在餐桌的上面，胳膊肘放在下面，而且要吃光盘里的东西。故选D。 (C) HAPPY to help or too selfish to share — some scientists wonder whether generosity (慷慨大方) lies in our upbringing or in our genes (基因). In a social science experiment carried out in an Israeli children’s playroom, 136 children aged 3 and 4 years old were given six sets of colorful stickers. They were told: “You can keep all of the stickers, or you can give some to another child you don’t know. He doesn’t have any stickers,” Researchers then asked the children to step into the playroom one at a time and watched how they behaved. About two thirds of the children chose to give one or more sets of stickers to an unknown child. The others refused to share. Researchers found that many of this second group of children had something in common: a variation (变异) in a gene known as AVPRIA. This gene is supposed to control a chemical in the brain responsible for social behavior. The genetic variant (变体) of this gene can make people a lot less willing to share. This study was published last month in the online scientific journal PLoS One. It suggested that children can be less selfish and genetics may play a role. But social scientists point out environmental influences from home, school and the wider world may play a larger role in creating good or bad habits. Studies using brain scans have shown that when someone is being generous or is described as generous, his or her brain will give off a kind of chemical. This chemical is linked to positive feelings. “If parents tell a kid he is a generous person, he is more likely to act generously again than if they buy him a toy,” said Nancy Eisenberg, an Arizona State University psychology professor, to The Wall Street Journal. Social scientists also say that as people grow up and develop stronger ideas of morality (道德) and fairness, their generosity will increase. Referring to the Israeli study, Emmanuel College psychologist Joyce Benenson says to the Wall Street Journal, that even at 3 or 4 years old, “If you’ve got six packs of something, you know that giving away one isn’t really changing what you have.” Of the 136 children in the Israeli study, the largest group gave away one sticker; the second largest group gave away none. Only twenty-two children gave away more than one sticker. 53. According to the article, the experiment _______. A. studied more than 100 children aged between 13 and 14 B. gathered all the children in a room to watch their behavior C. found that one-third of the children were unwilling to share D. asked the children to share stickers with their friends 54. What was newly discovered by the experiment? A. A variation of a gene can influence people’s social behavior. B. More than half of the kids were considered to be selfish. C. Generous behavior can make a child feel good. D. Children are less generous than adults expect. 55. What can we conclude from the article? A. Genes play a major role in deciding whether people are generous. B. As children grow, economical responsibility can stop them from sharing with others. C. Both genes and social environment influence whether people are generous. D. Parents could try giving toys to kids to encourage them to be generous. 56. Who might be more generous according to the article? A. Those with an AVPRIA gene. B. Those growing up in rich families. C. Those who receive college education. D. Those growing up in a sharing environment. 【答案】53. C 54. A 55. C 56. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家对慷慨是否与教养或基因相关的研究，实验显示基因有影响，但环境和道德观念等因素作用更大。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“About two thirds of the children chose to give one or more sets of stickers to an unknown child. The others refused to share. (大约三分之二的孩子选择给一个不认识的孩子一套或多套贴纸。其他人拒绝分享)”可知，三分之一的孩子不愿意分享。故选C。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers found that many of this second group of children had something in common: a variation (变异) in a gene known as AVPRIA. This gene is supposed to control a chemical in the brain responsible for social behavior. The genetic variant (变体) of this gene can make people a lot less willing to share. (研究人员发现，第二组中的许多孩子有一个共同点：一种名为AVPRIA的基因变异。这种基因被认为可以控制大脑中负责社会行为的化学物质。这种基因的遗传变体会使人们不太愿意分享)”可知，实验新发现了一种基因的变异可以影响人们的社会行为。故选A。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“It suggested that children can be less selfish and genetics may play a role. (这表明孩子们可以不那么自私，基因可能起作用。)”以及第五段“But social scientists point out environmental influences from home, school and the wider world may play a larger role in creating good or bad habits. (但社会科学家指出，来自家庭、学校和更广泛世界的环境影响可能在养成好习惯或坏习惯方面发挥更大的作用)”可推知，基因和社会环境都会影响人们是否慷慨。故选C。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“But social scientists point out environmental influences from home, school and the wider world may play a larger role in creating good or bad habits. Studies using brain scans have shown that when someone is being generous or is described as generous, his or her brain will give off a kind of chemical. This chemical is linked to positive feelings. (但社会科学家指出，来自家庭、学校和更广泛世界的环境影响可能在养成好习惯或坏习惯方面发挥更大的作用。使用脑部扫描的研究表明，当一个人慷慨或被描述为慷慨时，他或她的大脑会释放出一种化学物质。这种化学物质与积极的感觉有关)”以及第六段“Social scientists also say that as people grow up and develop stronger ideas of morality (道德) and fairness, their generosity will increase. (社会科学家还说，随着人们长大，对道德和公平有了更强烈的观念，他们的慷慨程度会增加)”可知，当人表现出慷慨或被描述为慷慨时，大脑会释放出与积极的感觉有关的化学物质，由此可推知，在分享环境中成长的人可能会更慷慨。故选D。 (D) Directions: Read the following passages. Filling each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note there are two more sentences than you need. Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech, you’ll know the social problems it can cause. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness (疯). ____57____. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of foolishness and madness, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, control our emotions and even create a narrative (叙事) of our experience. For example, take a trip to any kindergarten and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her failure. ____58____. We do a lot of it when we are young as a matter of fact. As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. ____59____. Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”. We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out — loud version. ____60____. You’re sure to see an athlete or two shouting or scolding themselves after poor performance. Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk. A. But there’s no need for embarrassment (尴尬) B. If you want proof (证据), turn on the sports channel C. However, when we grow older, we keep this system inside D. This behavior can improve our performance on some certain tasks E. Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity F. Psychologists call this kind of behavior as private speech — language that is spoken out loud but directed at the speaker himself 【答案】57. A 58. F 59. C 60. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自言自语（无论是出声还是内心独白）是一种有价值的思维工具，而非疯癫的征兆。文章强调，无论是无声的内心对话还是出声的自言自语，都是人类思维和创造力的重要组成部分。 【57题详解】 上文提到“Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful...According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness (疯).(自言自语可能看起来有点可耻……根据一句名言，自言自语是疯狂的第一个迹象)”可知，此处表明了自言自语在社交中可能带来的尴尬以及传统观念中对其的负面看法。同时根据后文“Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. (无论是出声还是在脑海中默默地自言自语，都是思考的一种宝贵工具。)”可知，此处指出自言自语是一种宝贵的工具，与前文的负面看法构成转折。A选项“But there’s no need for embarrassment (尴尬)(“但没必要感到尴尬)”与上文形成转折，直接指出没必要为自言自语感到尴尬，为后文阐述自言自语的价值和益处做了铺垫，符合题意。故选A。 【58题详解】 上文“You are very likely to her here talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her failure.(你很有可能会听到她在这里自言自语：给自己指路，说出自己的失败)”描述了一个在幼儿园的小孩子自言自语的场景。F选项“Psychologists call this kind of behavior as private speech — language that is spoken out loud but directed at the speaker himself(心理学家将这种行为称为自言自语——即大声说出但却是对自己说话的语言)”进一步解释了这种行为，指出心理学家称这种行为为自言自语，即大声说出来但指向说话者自己的语言，其中this kind of behavior指代与上文描述的行为，符合题意。故选F。 【59题详解】 上文“As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others,(俄罗斯心理学家列夫·维果茨基认为，作为孩子，我们使用自言自语来控制自己的行为，就像我们使用公共言语来控制他人的行为一样)”阐述了孩子时期使用私人言语的作用。C选项“However, when we grow older, we keep this system inside(然而，随着年龄的增长，我们便将这一机制藏于心底)”与上文形成对比，指出当我们长大后，虽然不再大声说出这种自言自语，但这种控制行为的系统仍然存在于我们内心，符合题意。故选C。 【60题详解】 上文提到“We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out — loud version.(我们内化了小时候使用的私人言语，但我们从未完全放弃大声说出来的版本)”，这句话表明了自言自语的行为并未完全消失；同时后文“You’re sure to see an athlete or two shouting or scolding themselves after poor performance.(你肯定会看到一些运动员在表现不佳时大声抱怨或自我责备。)”指出运动员在表现不佳后自言自语的行为。B选项“If you want proof (证据), turn on the sports channel (如果你想要证据，打开体育频道)”通过提出打开体育频道去看表现不佳的运动员为例，来证明自言自语的行为在成年人中仍然存在，与上文紧密相连，符合题意。故选B。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市顾村中学2024学年第一学期10月阶段性评价 高一年级英语学科 答题时间90分钟，均在答题纸作答 Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper 1．A．At 7:30. B．At 8:00. C．At 8:30. D．At 9:00. 2．A．Their TV sets. B．Their jobs. C．Their children. D．Their watches. 3．A．At a music hall. B．At a restaurant. C．At a store. D．At a theater. 4．A．A receptionist. B．A waitress. C．A shop assistant. D．An air hostess. 5．A．Have dinner. B．Phone the man. C．Have an appointment. D．Discuss a project. 6．A．It’s made of cotton. B．It feels soft. C．It was bought today. D．It’s expensive. 7．A．She thinks her achievement could have been greater. B．She thinks her achievement didn’t deserve the Nobel Prize. C．She thinks other women scientists have greater achievement. D．She thinks she had the greatest achievement among women scientists. 8．A．The man’s major is computer science. B．The man is making progress in his major. C．The man is having a hard time in his major. D．The man thought computer science was interesting. 9．A．He himself is the weather forecaster. B．He wouldn’t like to know what the weather is like this week. C．He is blaming the woman for not listening to the weather forecast. D．He is surprised that the woman still believes what the weather forecast says. 10．A．The man doesn’t know when the train will arrive. B．The woman likes to read magazines on the train. C．The man is sure that the train will arrive soon. D．The woman will not wait any longer. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．It uses too much fuel. B．It creates long-lasting pollution. C．It causes great pollution to produce gas. D．It affects many different places at once. 12．A．Taking a taxi instead. B．Taking a bus instead. C．Taking a train instead D．Taking a bicycle instead. 13．A．They’ll start environmental projects. B．They’ll help to reduce businessmen’s flights. C．They’ll get transportation companies to be cleaner. D．They’ll give money to environmental organizations. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．5 years old. B．8 years old. C．10 years old. D．15 years old. 15．A．His shy character. B．A frightening experience. C．Strict school rules. D．His fear of making friends. 16．A．By becoming a teacher. B．By learning how to swim. C．By saving a girl from the water. D．By going on school trips often. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．How to get a degree. B．How to follow your dreams. C．How to do research for future jobs. D．How to plan your life after graduation. 18．A．Worried. B．Confident. C．Happy. D．Relaxed. 19．A．Having your own business. B．Finding a full-time job immediately. C．Working for a cause you care about. D．Taking time off to stay with your family. 20．A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Boss and secretary. D．Interviewer and interviewee. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary (10%) Fill in the blanks with the proper form of verb. 1. The building was old and __________ (need) repairing.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2. __________ (go) abroad for a tour can be a worthwhile experience to a senior high student. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. —I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you. —Oh, I __________ (talk) to myself. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. —Are you going to the movies tonight? —Yes, by then my homework __________ (finish). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5. She is really tired out for he __________ (complete) so much housework without having a rest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6. Having mastered the technology of manned spacecraft, China became the third country __________ (send) man to space. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7. I saw the thief __________ (steal) into the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. I’d rather __________ (not, tell) you the truth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9. Sometimes Rose __________ (not, have) lunch at school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. Joan __________ (write) a book about Chinese last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (所给词的适当形式填空) Vocabulary (20’) A Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. most B. provide C. choices D. generations E. changes F. diets G. limit H. extra I. consider J. worldwide K. regular Researchers say American children now eat an average of three snacks a day between meals. A study found that those snacks add up to almost one-third of all the daily calories eaten by children. And those ____11____ calories could help explain the rise in overweight children in the United States. The study was done at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The researchers studied the ____12____ of thirty-one thousand children aged two to eighteen over a thirty-year period. They found that snacking has increased since the nineteen seventies. And what kinds of snacks have increased the ____13____. Salty, high-fat foods like chips. The study also found greater snacking on cake, cookies and other treats that past ____14____ might have saved for after dinner. The study is in the journal Health Affairs. Nutrition professor Barry Popkin was one of the lead researchers. He says parents should ____15____ snacks to one a day for children age six and older. He also advises parents and caregivers to ____16____ healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables. Professor Popkin says American schools also need to improve their nutrition. For example schools may have vending machines (贩卖机) that offer what many people would ____17____ junk food. There has been a push for schools to offer more healthful snacks and lunch ____18____ and fewer sugary drinks. Earlier this month Coca-Cola said it would stop selling sugary drinks in American schools unless parents asked them. Its competitors at Pepsi just announced that they will stop sales of sugared drinks to schools ____19____. America’s top public health officer wants to see more ____20____ like this. B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．surprisingly B．focuses C．clues D．leadership E．helpful F．recognized G．attentiveness H．considered I．non-verbal J．fully K．behaviors Body language refers to various forms of non-verbal communication, which in a person may reveal (透露) clues as-to some unspoken intention or feeling through their physical behaviors. These ____21____ can include gestures, facial expression, and eye movements. Body language can also vary (不同) depending on the culture. There are a set of commonly ____22____ gestures but many are influenced by our social settings. Although this article ____23____ on interpretations (解释) of human body language, also animals use body language as a communication mechanism (机制). Body language is typically subconscious (潜意识的) behavior, and is therefore ____24____ to be different from sign language, which is a ____25____ conscious (有意识的) and intentional (故意的) act of communication. Body language may provide ____26____ as to the attitude or state of mind of a person. For example, it may indicate aggression, ____27____, boredom, a relaxed state, pleasure and amusement. However, the value of body language in recognizing cheat has been called into question. Body language is very important to communication and relationships. It is relevant (相关的) to management and ____28____ in business and also in places where it can be observed by many people. It can also be relevant to some outside of the workplace. It is commonly ____29____ in dating, in family settings, and parenting. Although body language is ____30____ or non-spoken, it can reveal much about your feelings and meaning to others and how others reveal their feelings toward you Body language signals happen on both a conscious and subconscious level. Ⅲ．Clozo (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t ____31____ them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are too ____32____ and too strict with their children; and they seldom give their children a ____33____ hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they tend to forget how they themselves felt when ____34____. For example young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to ____35____ that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something ____36____. When you want your parents to let you do something, you will be more ____37____ if you ask for their permission before you really start doing it. Young people often make their parents angry at their ____38____ in clothes, in entertainment and music. But they do not mean to ____39____; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been ____40____. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their own. And if their parents do not like music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy. Sometimes you are so ____41____ yourself that you do not want your parents to say “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is ____42____ enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were ____43____ under your parents’ control. If you plan to control your ____44____, you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of ____45____, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do. 31. A. protect B. spare C. understand D. guide 32. A. serious B. humorous C. kind D. honest 33. A. helpful B. free C. usual D. real 34. A. angry B. busy C. tired D. young 35. A. show B. say C. complain D. deny 36. A. uninterrupted B. unavoidable C. unexpected D. unrespectable 37. A. dissatisfied B. successful C. uncomfortable D. energetic 38. A. designs B. knowledge C. scenes D. choices 39. A. cause any trouble B. make fun C. keep their words D. show respect 40. A. separated B. protected C. prevented D. accepted 41. A. grateful to B. proud of C. strict with D. sorry about 42. A. strange B. funny C. confusing D. natural 43. A. necessarily B. completely C. seriously D. frequently 44. A. speed B. life C. study D. work 45. A. arrangement B. responsibility C. regulation D. importance Ⅳ．Reading (30’) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(对抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲)and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 46. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _____. A. he is a lazy person B. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening C. he is not sure when his energy is low D. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle 47. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage? A. A change in a family member’s energy cycle. B. Familiar monologues. C. Not understanding energy cycles. D. Trying to control the energy cycle of other family members. 48. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _____. A. keep your energy cycle under control all day B. help you to control your temper early in the day C. enable you to concentrate on your routine work D. help to keep your energy for the day’s work (B) Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 49. The passage is mainly about _____________. A. communication types B. the workplace atmosphere C customs and social manners D. living conditions and standards 50. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 51. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D When dining with business partners. 52. In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A. In Brazil. B. In Singapore. C. In the United Arab Emirate. D. In Switzerland. (C) HAPPY to help or too selfish to share — some scientists wonder whether generosity (慷慨大方) lies in our upbringing or in our genes (基因). In a social science experiment carried out in an Israeli children’s playroom, 136 children aged 3 and 4 years old were given six sets of colorful stickers. They were told: “You can keep all of the stickers, or you can give some to another child you don’t know. He doesn’t have any stickers,” Researchers then asked the children to step into the playroom one at a time and watched how they behaved. About two thirds of the children chose to give one or more sets of stickers to an unknown child. The others refused to share. Researchers found that many of this second group of children had something in common: a variation (变异) in a gene known as AVPRIA. This gene is supposed to control a chemical in the brain responsible for social behavior. The genetic variant (变体) of this gene can make people a lot less willing to share. This study was published last month in the online scientific journal PLoS One. It suggested that children can be less selfish and genetics may play a role. But social scientists point out environmental influences from home, school and the wider world may play a larger role in creating good or bad habits. Studies using brain scans have shown that when someone is being generous or is described as generous, his or her brain will give off a kind of chemical. This chemical is linked to positive feelings. “If parents tell a kid he is a generous person, he is more likely to act generously again than if they buy him a toy,” said Nancy Eisenberg, an Arizona State University psychology professor, to The Wall Street Journal. Social scientists also say that as people grow up and develop stronger ideas of morality (道德) and fairness, their generosity will increase. Referring to the Israeli study, Emmanuel College psychologist Joyce Benenson says to the Wall Street Journal, that even at 3 or 4 years old, “If you’ve got six packs of something, you know that giving away one isn’t really changing what you have.” Of the 136 children in the Israeli study, the largest group gave away one sticker; the second largest group gave away none. Only twenty-two children gave away more than one sticker. 53. According to the article, the experiment _______. A. studied more than 100 children aged between 13 and 14 B. gathered all the children in a room to watch their behavior C. found that one-third of the children were unwilling to share D. asked the children to share stickers with their friends 54. What was newly discovered by the experiment? A. A variation of a gene can influence people’s social behavior. B. More than half of the kids were considered to be selfish. C. Generous behavior can make a child feel good. D. Children are less generous than adults expect. 55. What can we conclude from the article? A. Genes play a major role in deciding whether people are generous. B. As children grow, economical responsibility can stop them from sharing with others. C. Both genes and social environment influence whether people are generous. D. Parents could try giving toys to kids to encourage them to be generous. 56. Who might be more generous according to the article? A. Those with an AVPRIA gene. B. Those growing up in rich families. C. Those who receive college education. D. Those growing up in a sharing environment. (D) Directions: Read the following passages. Filling each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note there are two more sentences than you need. Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech, you’ll know the social problems it can cause. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness (疯). ____57____. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of foolishness and madness, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, control our emotions and even create a narrative (叙事) of our experience. For example, take a trip to any kindergarten and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her failure. ____58____. We do a lot of it when we are young as a matter of fact. As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. ____59____. Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”. We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out — loud version. ____60____. You’re sure to see an athlete or two shouting or scolding themselves after poor performance. Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk. A. But there’s no need for embarrassment (尴尬) B. If you want proof (证据), turn on the sports channel C. However, when we grow older, we keep this system inside D. This behavior can improve our performance on some certain tasks E. Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity F. Psychologists call this kind of behavior as private speech — language that is spoken out loud but directed at the speaker himself 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $