内容正文:
中考语法复习: 主谓一致
(重难点、易错点+中考模拟+强化训练)
一、概念与规则
主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上必须保持一致。即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。这是英语语法中最基本的规则之一,贯穿于各种句型和时态中。
1. 语法一致原则
单数主语 + 单数动词 | 复数主语 + 复数动词
e.g. The cat sleeps on the sofa. / The cats sleep on the sofa.
2. 意义一致原则
主语形式为复数但意义单数 → 单数动词
e.g. Physics is difficult. (学科名)
主语形式为单数但意义复数 → 复数动词
e.g. The police are searching for the thief.
3. 就近/就远原则 中考高频!
就近原则:there be, or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also,not...but...
e.g. Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.
就远原则:as well as, together with, along with
e.g. The teacher, along with his students, is planting trees.
练习1(概念理解)
1. 下列句子中,主谓一致的是( )
A. He like playing football.
B. They is students.
C. She has a new book.
1. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致,对的打√,错的打 ×。
(1)We goes to school every day.( )
(2)The dog runs fast.( )
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空,使主谓一致。
(1)My mother ______(cook) dinner for us.
(2)The children ______(play) in the park.
1. 根据中文提示,完成句子,注意主谓一致。
(1)他______(喜欢)音乐。
(2)这些花______(看起来)很漂亮。
1. 选出主谓不一致的句子( )
A. I am a student.
B. You are my friend.
C. It have a long tail.
二、句型结构三大重点
(一)单数主语的情况 谓单!
[单数主语] + 单数动词 (is/has/V-s)
第三人称单数主语(he, she, it, 单个名词、代词或动名词等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式(一般在动词后加 - s 或 - es)。
例如:He works in a hospital.(他在医院工作。)
The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。)
Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)
(二)复数主语的情况 谓复!
[复数主语] + 复数动词 (are/have/V原)
复数主语(we, you, they, 复数名词等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(动词原形)。
例如:We are happy.(我们很高兴。)
The students study hard.(学生们努力学习。)
(三)不可数名词作主语 谓单!
[不可数主语] + 单数动词
不可数名词(如 water, air, money 等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:Water is important for us.(水对我们很重要。)
Money isn't everything.(金钱不是万能的。)
练习2重点知识)
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)The sun ______(shine) brightly.
(2)These apples ______(taste) good.
(3)Milk ______(be) good for our health.
1. 选择正确的选项。
(1)______ is a good student.
A. He B. They C. We
(2)______ are playing games.
A. She B. It C. The children
1. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致,对的打√,错的打 ×。
(1)The news are exciting.( )
(2)Bread tastes good.( )
1. 根据中文提示,完成句子。
(1)时间过得很快。Time ______ fast.
(2)这些桌子是新的。These desks ______ new.
1. 选出主谓一致的句子( )
A. The dog bark.
B. She have a cat.
C. I am from China.
三、三大难点
(一)集合名词作主语 2用!
[集体名词] + 动词(整体→单数;成员→复数)
1. 当集合名词(如 family, class, team 等)表示一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;
1. 表示整体中的成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Our class is a good one.(我们班是一个好班。)
Our class are playing games.(我们班的同学正在玩游戏。)
(二)并列主语 3用!
1. 由 and 连接的两个或多个单数主语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
1. 但如果 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:Tom and Jack are friends.(汤姆和杰克是朋友。)
The writer and teacher is coming.(这位作家兼教师要来。)
1. 由 or, nor, either...or..., neither...nor... 连接的主语,谓语动词的单复数形式要与最近的主语保持一致(就近原则)。
例如:Either you or he is right.(要么你对,要么他对。)
Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(学生们和老师都不知道答案。)
(三)不定代词作主语 谓单!
1. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,简称“谓单”。
例如:Everyone is here.(每个人都在这里。)
Something is wrong with my bike.(我的自行车出问题了。)
练习3(难点知识)
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)Our family ______(be) a big one.
(2)Our family ______(like) watching TV together.
(3)Either the boy or his parents ______(be) at home.
1. 选择正确的选项。
(1)The team ______ playing well.
A. is B. are C. am
(2)Bread and butter ______ my favorite breakfast.
A. is B. are C. be
1. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致,对的打√,错的打 ×。
(1)Neither you nor I am wrong.( )
(2)Someone are waiting for you.( )
1. 根据中文提示,完成句子。
(1)要么他,要么我是对的。Either he or I ______ right.
(2)我们班的学生都很努力。The class ______ hard-working.
1. 选出主谓一致的句子( )
A. The police is looking for the thief.
B. Each of the students have a book.
C. No one knows the answer.
四、二大易错点
(一)就近原则和就远原则混淆 中考高频!
1. 就近原则:由there be, or, nor, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...,not...but... 等连接的主语,谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。
例如:Not only he but also I am interested in English.(不仅他,我也对英语感兴趣。)
1. 就远原则:当主语后接 as well as, with, together with, along with 等短语时,谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致。
例如:The teacher as well as the students is going to the park.(老师和学生们要去公园。)
(二)名词的单复数形式易混淆 中考高频!
1. 有些名词形式上是复数,但实际上是单数,如 news, maths, physics 等,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:News is spreading fast.(消息传播得很快。)
2. 有些名词形式上是单数,但表示复数意义,如 people, police 等,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:People are talking about the accident.(人们在谈论那次事故。)
练习4(易错点知识)
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)He as well as his friends ______(like) playing basketball.
(2)Not only the students but also the teacher ______(be) in the classroom.
1. 选择正确的选项。
(1)The police ______ searching for the lost child.
A. is B. are C. am
(2)Maths ______ not easy for me.
A. is B. are C. be
1. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致,对的打√,错的打 ×。
(1)The man with his children are walking in the street.( )
(2)Physics are my favorite subject.( )
1. 根据中文提示,完成句子。
(1)他和他的家人都喜欢音乐。He together with his family ______ music.
(2)不仅你,还有他都想去那里。Not only you but also he ______ to go there.
1. 找出下列句子中的错误并改正。
(1)The news are good.
(2)People is very friendly.
五、中考模拟
1. -______ your parents at home?
-Yes, they ______.
A. Are;are B. Is;is C. Are;is
29. Neither my brother nor I ______ good at playing football.
A. am B. is C. are
30. The number of the students in our class ______ 50.
A. is B. are C. be
31. -What ______ the police doing?
-They are running after a thief.
A. is B. are C. am
32. Tom with his friends ______ to the movies every weekend.
A. go B. goes C. going
33. Everyone ______ to have a good rest after hard work.
A. need B. needs C. needing
34. Either you or she ______ wrong.
A. is B. are C. am
35. The family ______ watching TV when I came in.
A. is B. are C. was
36. -How ______ the apples?
-They are sweet.
A. is B. are C. be
37. Not only my father but also my mother ______ cooking.
A. like B. likes C. liking
六、强化练习
(一)单项选择
1. My sister ______ to school by bus every day.
A. go B. goes C. going
1. There ______ some milk and eggs on the table.
A. is B. are C. be
1. Neither you nor he ______ the answer.
A. know B. knows C. knowing
1. The class ______ on time yesterday.
A. begin B. begins C. began
1. Tom as well as his classmates ______ interested in English.
A. is B. are C. am
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The dog ______(run) fast.
1. These books ______(be) very interesting.
1. Either you or your brother ______(clean) the room.
1. No one ______(want) to go there alone.
1. The teacher with her students ______(visit) the museum now.
(三)按要求改写句子
1. He plays basketball every afternoon.(改为否定句)
1. They are watching TV.(改为一般疑问句)
1. The girl is singing in the room.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:singing)
1. Tom and Jim are good friends.(改为单数句)
1. The news is exciting.(改为复数意义的句子)
答案解析
练习 1(概念理解)
下列句子中,主谓一致的是(C)
解析:A 选项中主语 “He” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “like” 应加 - s 变为 “likes”,主谓不一致;B 选项中主语 “They” 是复数,谓语动词 “is” 应改为 “are”,主谓不一致;C 选项中主语 “She” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “has” 符合单数形式,主谓一致。
判断下列句子的主谓是否一致
(1)We goes to school every day.(×)
解析:主语 “We” 是复数,谓语动词 “goes” 是第三人称单数形式,应改为 “go”,主谓不一致。
(2)The dog runs fast.(√)
解析:主语 “The dog” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “runs” 符合单数形式,主谓一致。
用所给动词的适当形式填空,使主谓一致
(1)My mother cooks(cook) dinner for us.
解析:主语 “My mother” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “cook” 应加 - s 变为 “cooks”。
(2)The children play(play) in the park.
解析:主语 “The children” 是复数,谓语动词用原形 “play”。
根据中文提示,完成句子,注意主谓一致
(1)他 likes(喜欢)音乐。
解析:主语 “他” 是第三人称单数,“喜欢” 对应的动词 “like” 应加 - s 变为 “likes”。
(2)这些花 look(看起来)很漂亮。
解析:主语 “这些花” 是复数,“看起来” 对应的动词 “look” 用原形。
选出主谓不一致的句子(C)
解析:A 选项中主语 “I” 搭配 “am”,主谓一致;B 选项中主语 “You” 搭配 “are”,主谓一致;C 选项中主语 “It” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “have” 应改为 “has”,主谓不一致。
练习 2(重点知识)答案及解析
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)The sun shines(shine) brightly.
解析:主语 “The sun” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “shine” 应加 - s 变为 “shines”。
(2)These apples taste(taste) good.
解析:主语 “These apples” 是复数,谓语动词用原形 “taste”。
(3)Milk is(be) good for our health.
解析:“Milk” 是不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 “is”。
2. 选择正确的选项
(1)A. He
解析:谓语动词 “is” 是单数形式,主语也应为单数,“He” 是单数第三人称,符合要求;“They” 和 “We” 是复数,不符合。
(2)C. The children
解析:谓语动词 “are” 是复数形式,主语也应为复数,“The children” 是复数,符合要求;“She” 和 “It” 是单数,不符合。
3. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致
(1)The news are exciting.(×)
解析:“News” 是不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式 “is”,而非 “are”,主谓不一致。
(2)Bread tastes good.(√)
解析:“Bread” 是不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 “tastes”,主谓一致。
4. 根据中文提示,完成句子
(1)时间过得很快。Time flies fast.
解析:“Time” 是不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,“过得快” 用 “flies”。
(2)这些桌子是新的。These desks are new.
解析:主语 “These desks” 是复数,谓语动词用复数形式 “are”。
5. 选出主谓一致的句子(C)
解析:A 选项中主语 “The dog” 是单数,谓语动词 “bark” 应加 - s 变为 “barks”,主谓不一致;B 选项中主语 “She” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 “have” 应改为 “has”,主谓不一致;C 选项中主语 “I” 搭配 “am”,主谓一致。
练习 3(难点知识)答案及解析
1. 所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)Our family is(be) a big one.
解析:此处 “family” 表示一个整体,视为单数,谓语动词用 “is”。
(2)Our family like(like) watching TV together.
解析:此处 “family” 表示家庭成员,视为复数,谓语动词用原形 “like”。
(3)Either the boy or his parents are(be) at home.
解析:“either...or...” 遵循就近原则,最近的主语 “his parents” 是复数,谓语动词用 “are”。
2. 选择正确的选项
(1)B. are
解析:“The team” 此处指队员们,视为复数,谓语动词用 “are”。
(2)A. is
解析:“Bread and butter” 指一种食物(涂黄油的面包),视为单数,谓语动词用 “is”。
3. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致
(1)Neither you nor I am wrong.(√)
解析:“neither...nor...” 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 “I”,谓语动词用 “am”,主谓一致。
(2)Someone are waiting for you.(×)
解析:“Someone” 是不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 “is”,而非 “are”,主谓不一致。
4. 根据中文提示,完成句子
(1)要么他,要么我是对的。Either he or I am right.
解析:“either...or...” 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 “I”,谓语动词用 “am”。
(2)我们班的学生都很努力。The class are hard-working.
解析:此处 “class” 指班里的学生,视为复数,谓语动词用 “are”。
5. 选出主谓一致的句子(C)
解析:A 选项中 “police” 是复数名词,谓语动词应用 “are”,而非 “is”,主谓不一致;B 选项中 “Each of the students” 强调个体,谓语动词用单数 “has”,而非 “have”,主谓不一致;C 选项中 “No one” 是不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用单数 “knows”,主谓一致。
练习 4(易错点知识)答案及解析
1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)He as well as his friends likes(like) playing basketball.
解析:“as well as” 遵循就远原则,谓语动词与前面的主语 “He” 保持一致,He 是第三人称单数,所以用 “likes”。
(2)Not only the students but also the teacher is(be) in the classroom.
解析:“not only...but also...” 遵循就近原则,最近的主语 “the teacher” 是单数,所以用 “is”。
2. 选择正确的选项
(1)B. are
解析:“police” 是复数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式 “are”。
(2)A. is
解析:“Maths” 是学科名词,虽以 “s” 结尾但表示单数概念,谓语动词用 “is”。
3. 判断下列句子的主谓是否一致
(1)The man with his children are walking in the street.(×)
解析:“with” 遵循就远原则,谓语动词应与前面的主语 “The man”(单数)一致,应用 “is” 而非 “are”,主谓不一致。
(2)Physics are my favorite subject.(×)
解析:“Physics” 是学科名词,表单数概念,谓语动词应用 “is” 而非 “are”,主谓不一致。
4. 根据中文提示,完成句子
(1)他和他的家人都喜欢音乐。He together with his family likes music.
解析:“together with” 遵循就远原则,谓语动词与 “He”(单数)一致,用 “likes”。
(2)不仅你,还有他都想去那里。Not only you but also he wants to go there.
解析:“not only...but also...” 遵循就近原则,最近的主语 “he” 是单数,用 “wants”。
5. 找出下列句子中的错误并改正
(1)The news are good.
错误:“are” 使用不当。“news” 是不可数名词,表单数,应改为 “is”。
改正:The news is good.
(2)People is very friendly.
错误:“is” 使用不当。“people” 是复数名词,表复数,应改为 “are”。
改正:People are very friendly.
五、中考模拟
1. A。主语 your parents 是复数,be 动词用 are;答语中 they 也是复数,be 动词用 are,所以选 A。
1. A。neither...nor... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 I,be 动词用 am,所以选 A。
1. A。the number of... 表示 “…… 的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,所以选 A。
1. B。police 是复数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,所以选 B。
1. B。with 连接的主语,谓语动词与前面的主语 Tom 保持一致,Tom 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用 goes,所以选 B。
1. B。everyone 是不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,need 的单数形式是 needs,所以选 B。
1. A。either...or... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 she,be 动词用 is,所以选 A。
1. B。此处 family 表示家庭成员,是复数概念,谓语动词用 are,所以选 B。
1. B。主语 the apples 是复数,be 动词用 are,所以选 B。
B。not only...but also... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 my mother,谓语动词用 likes,
六、强化练习
(一)单项选择
1. B。主语 my sister 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用 goes,所以选 B。
1. A。there be 句型遵循就近原则,some milk 是不可数名词,be 动词用 is,所以选 A。
1. B。neither...nor... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 he,谓语动词用 knows,所以选 B。
1. C。yesterday 提示用一般过去时,begin 的过去式是 began,所以选 C。
1. A。as well as 连接的主语,谓语动词与前面的主语 Tom 保持一致,Tom 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 is,所以选 A。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
1. runs。主语 the dog 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用 runs。
1. are。主语 these books 是复数,be 动词用 are。
1. cleans。either...or... 遵循就近原则,最近的主语是 your brother,谓语动词用 cleans。
1. wants。no one 是不定代词,作主语时谓语动词用 wants。
1. is visiting。with 连接的主语,谓语动词与前面的主语 the teacher 保持一致,the teacher 是第三人称单数,结合 now 可知用现在进行时 is visiting。
(三)按要求改写句子
1. He does not play basketball every afternoon.
解析:主语是第三人称单数,否定句借助助动词 does,后接 not,动词用原形。
1. Are they watching TV?
解析:将 be 动词 are 提到句首,构成一般疑问句。
1. What is the girl doing in the room?
解析:对动作提问用 what,现在进行时的特殊疑问句结构为 What + be 动词 + 主语 + doing + 其他?
1. Tom or Jim is a good friend.
解析:将复数主语改为单数,谓语动词也相应改为单数。
1. The pieces of news are exciting.
解析:news 是不可数名词,表达复数意义时用 pieces of news,be 动词用 are。
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