2026届高考英语一轮复习外刊精读与练习 Day 12 大自然正在从我们的书本和生活中消失 导学案

外刊阅读 Step 1: Reading Human connection to nature has declined 60% in 200 years, study finds 大自然正在从我们的书本和生活中消失 词数：330 Article Main idea Since 1800, people’s feeling of closeness to nature has dropped by more than 60%. A surprising clue to this loss comes from books: words like river, moss and blossom have been used less and less, matching the decline almost line for line. Professor Miles Richardson of Derby University created a computer model that followed this trend for 220 years. The model looked at city growth, the fall in local wildlife and, most importantly, parents no longer sharing their love of nature with their children. 提出“猫狗吃草”这一看似矛盾的现象，引出全文讨论的核心问题——原因何在。 The study, published in the journal Earth, warns that the “extinction of experience” will continue unless society acts quickly. Simply asking adults to spend more time outside is not enough; programmes such as #30DaysWild may lift mood, but they do not stop the long-term slide. Instead, the model shows that two actions are far more powerful: giving very young children regular contact with nature, for example through forest school nurseries, and making cities much greener. 列举并简要评价“自我药疗”（缓解胃部不适）假说，指出数据不支持。 论证方法：引用2008年大样本调查与2021年两项猫研究，用数据反驳因果假设。 文章逻辑：先立后驳，削弱传统观点的合理性。 Richardson was shocked by how large these changes must be. A city may have to become ten times greener, not just 30 % greener, to turn the trend around. Yet the goal may be within reach. People in Sheffield now spend only four minutes and thirty-six seconds in nature each day; raising this to about forty minutes could be sufficient. 段落大意：讨论“机械清理”假说（排毛球、驱虫），并用研究结果削弱其说服力。 There is even a hint of hope in culture. After 1990, nature words in books stopped falling and have partly returned. Whether this signals a true eco-awareness or just a fashion is still unclear, but it shows that recovery is possible if society chooses transformation over small fixes. 段落大意：提出“微量元素”假说，随即以营养学共识否定其必要性。 论证方法：提出假设→专家引语→因果否定（因饮食已均衡）。 文章逻辑：快速扫描第三种解释，进一步缩小可能范围。 Step 2: Exercise 【基础版试题（≈90分学生，900-1000L）】 1. What does the study mainly tell us? A. Books are losing readers quickly. B. People feel less connected to nature than before. C. Wildlife is moving away from cities. D. Parents read fewer stories to their children. 2. Why did the researchers look at words in books? A. To show how language has changed. B. To measure people’s loss of connection to nature. C. To find new writers for nature stories. D. To study spelling mistakes. 3. According to the model, which action best stops the loss of nature connection? A. Holding a one-day outdoor festival. B. Building more shopping centres. C. Starting nature education in early childhood. D. Giving adults free gym passes. 4. What surprised Professor Richardson? A. The size of change needed to reverse the trend. B. The number of new nature books. C. The speed of city growth. D. The cost of forest schools. 5. What does the increase of nature words after 1990 suggest? A. The problem is already solved. B. There may be hope for a cultural shift. C. Children read more than adults. D. Computers make better predictions. 【答案与解析】 1. B 定位句：Since 1800, people’s feeling of closeness to nature has dropped by more than 60%. 同义替换：feeling of closeness → connection 干扰项错因：A、C、D 均为文中细节，非主旨。 2. B 定位句：words like river… have been used less and less, matching the decline almost line for line. 同义替换：matching the decline → measure people’s loss of connection 干扰项错因：A、C、D 均与目的无关。 3. C 定位句：two actions are far more powerful… giving very young children regular contact with nature… 同义替换：very young children → early childhood 干扰项错因：A、B、D 未出现在有效措施列表中。 4. A 定位句：Richardson was shocked by how large these changes must be. 同义替换：shocked → surprised；how large → the size of change needed 干扰项错因：B、C、D 与“惊讶”内容不符。 5. B 定位句：There is even a hint of hope in culture… Whether this signals a true eco-awareness… recovery is possible. 同义替换：hint of hope → may be hope 干扰项错因：A 夸大结果；C、D 与推断无关。 【提高版试题（≈130分学生，1100-1300L）】 1. Which of the following best conveys the central argument of the passage? A. Linguistic trends in literature can reliably forecast ecological collapse. B. Reversing the erosion of nature connectedness demands systemic, long-term societal transformation. C. Urbanisation is the sole driver of our diminishing relationship with wildlife. D. Charitable campaigns have successfully reversed generational disengagement from nature. 2. The author’s discussion of the Sheffield data serves primarily to A. ridicule the city’s poor urban planning. B. quantify how modest increases in outdoor time could yield significant gains. C. highlight the excessive demands of environmentalists. D. argue that forty minutes is the scientifically optimal daily dose of nature. 3. What can be inferred about the effectiveness of forest school nurseries within Richardson’s model? A. They outperform adult-oriented programmes because they intercept the problem at its intergenerational root. B. They function mainly as temporary mood enhancers similar to #30DaysWild. C. They depend on parents already possessing strong ecological literacy. D. They are deemed secondary to the strategic greening of cities. 4. The word “artefact” (para. 6) most nearly means A. intentional deception. B. statistical anomaly. C. deliberate fabrication. D. cultural relic. 5. Which statement would Professor Richardson most likely endorse? A. Incremental greening policies are sufficient to secure future ecological awareness. B. Cultural indicators alone can reverse the extinction of experience. C. A ten-fold increase in urban greenery is a prerequisite for meaningful progress. D. Early exposure to nature must be complemented by adult education campaigns. 【答案与解析】 1. 主旨题 答案：B 定位句：the “extinction of experience” will continue unless society acts quickly… transformational change… 同义替换：systemic, long-term societal transformation ↔ transformational change 干扰项错因：A 夸大语言预测力；C 用sole绝对化；D 与“未成功”相悖。 2. 修辞目的题 答案：B 定位句：raising this to about forty minutes could be sufficient. 同义替换：modest increases ↔ raising… to about forty minutes; significant gains ↔ sufficient 干扰项错因：A、C 带贬义，不符作者客观态度；D 将建议绝对化。 3. 推断题 答案：A 定位句：measures instilling awareness… in young children… are more effective… parental transmission is key. 同义替换：intercept the problem at its intergenerational root ↔ parental transmission 干扰项错因：B 与“more effective”矛盾；C 原文未提父母需先具素养；D 未把森林学校列为次要。 4. 词义猜测题 答案：B 定位句：Is it ‘real’ or is it an artefact of the data? 语境提示：与“real”对举，暗示数据异常。 干扰项错因：A、C 含贬义；D 指“遗物”，不符语境。 5. 观点态度题 答案：C 定位句：a city may have to become ten times greener… not 30 % but 1,000 %. 同义替换：ten-fold ↔ ten times greener; prerequisite ↔ may have to 干扰项错因：A 与“transformational”矛盾；B 夸大文化指标；D 未提成人教育。 Step 3: Learning 1. decline 重点：动词 / 名词：下降、衰退；高考常考搭配 on the decline。 近义词：decrease, drop 反义词：increase, rise 形近词：incline（动词，倾斜） 拓展： decline (v./n.) ├── declining (adj.) └── declination (n.) ［天文］偏角 2. predict 重点：动词：预测；固定句型 It is predicted that… 近义词：forecast, foresee 形近词：prevent（动词，预防） 拓展： predict ├── prediction (n.) ├── predictable (adj.) └── unpredictability (n.) 3. policy 重点：名词：政策；常与动词 implement / adopt / formulate 连用。 近义词：strategy, guideline 形近词：police（名词，警察） 拓展： policy ├── policymaker (n.) └── policy-making (n.) 4. urban 重点：形容词：城市的；派生词 urbanization 高频阅读。 近义词：metropolitan, civic 反义词：rural 形近词：urbane（adj. 温文尔雅的） 拓展： urban ├── urbanize (v.) └── urbanization (n.) 5. transform 重点：动词：转变；被动语态高频：be transformed into… 近义词：convert, alter 反义词：preserve, maintain 形近词：transfer（动词，转移） 拓展： transform ├── transformation (n.) ├── transformative (adj.) └── transformer (n.) 6. engage 重点：动词：参与；固定搭配 engage in / be engaged to sb. 近义词：participate, involve 反义词：disengage 形近词：enrage（动词，激怒） 拓展： engage ├── engagement (n.) ├── engaging (adj.) └── disengagement (n.) 7. reverse 重点：动词 / 形容词：逆转、相反的；短语 reverse the trend。 近义词：undo, overturn 反义词：advance, forward 形近词：revere（动词，尊敬） 拓展： reverse ├── reversal (n.) └── reversible (adj.) 8. sufficient 重点：形容词：足够的；高考常考 be sufficient to do sth. 近义词：adequate, enough 反义词：insufficient, deficient 形近词：efficient（adj. 高效的） 拓展： sufficient ├── sufficiency (n.) └── insufficient (adj.) 9. radical 重点：形容词：根本的、激进的；副词形式 radically 修饰 greener。 近义词：drastic, extreme 反义词：conservative, moderate 形近词：radiant（adj. 光芒四射的） 拓展： radical ├── radically (adv.) └── radicalism (n.) 10. effective 重点：形容词：有效的；比较级 more effective / 最高级 most effective。 近义词：efficient, productive 反义词：ineffective, useless 形近词：affective（adj. 情感的） 拓展： effective ├── effectiveness (n.) └── ineffectiveness (n.) 11. sustain 重点：动词：维持；形容词 sustainable 写作热点。 近义词：maintain, support 反义词：undermine, exhaust 形近词：suspense（名词，悬念） 拓展： sustain ├── sustainable (adj.) ├── sustainability (n.) └── unsustainable (adj.) 12. obstacle 重点：名词：障碍；短语 overcome an obstacle。 近义词：barrier, hindrance 反义词：aid, assistance 形近词：obstinate（adj. 固执的） 拓展： obstacle └── obstinate (adj.) ［同源不同义］ 13. generation 重点：名词：一代（人）；短语 future generations。 近义词：cohort, era 形近词：generous（adj. 慷慨的） 拓展： generation ├── generational (adj.) └── regenerate (v.) 14. fascinate 重点：动词：使着迷；常考 be fascinated by… 近义词：attract, captivate 反义词：bore, repel 形近词：fabricate（动词，编造） 拓展： fascinate ├── fascination (n.) ├── fascinating (adj.) └── fascinated (adj.) 15. essential 重点：形容词：必不可少的；固定句型 It is essential that… (虚拟语气)。 近义词：vital, crucial 反义词：optional, dispensable 形近词：essence（名词，本质） 拓展： essential ├── essentially (adv.) └── inessential (adj.) 16. implement 重点：动词：实施；名词 implementation 高频阅读。 近义词：execute, carry out 反义词：cancel, postpone 形近词：complement（动词，补充） 拓展： implement ├── implementation (n.) └── implementer (n.) 17. recovery 重点：名词：恢复；短语 economic recovery / recovery plan。 近义词：revival, restoration 反义词：decline, deterioration 形近词：discovery（名词，发现） 拓展： recover (v.) ├── recovery (n.) └── recoverable (adj.) 18. awareness 重点：名词：意识；raise / increase awareness of… 近义词：consciousness, recognition 反义词：ignorance, unawareness 形近词：awaken（动词，唤醒） 拓展： aware ├── awareness (n.) └── unaware (adj.) 19. indicate 重点：动词：表明；常考 indicate that… 近义词：suggest, demonstrate 反义词：conceal, contradict 形近词：indict（动词，起诉） 拓展： indicate ├── indication (n.) ├── indicative (adj.) └── indicator (n.) 20. restore 重点：动词：恢复；restore confidence / restore balance。 近义词：renew, revive 反义词：damage, ruin 形近词：store（动词，储存） 拓展： restore ├── restoration (n.) └── restorative (adj.) 写作积累 ⭐️…… is now accepted as a key root cause of …… It’s vitally important for …… as well. 释义：……如今被公认为是……的一个关键根源。它对……而言也至关重要。 例句：Chronic stress is now accepted as a key root cause of many mental health disorders. It’s vitally important for physical well-being as well. 翻译：慢性压力如今被公认为是许多心理健康障碍的一个关键根源。它对身体健康而言也至关重要。 Step 4: Complex Sentence 长难句1 原句： Computer modelling predicts that levels of nature connectedness will continue to decline unless there are far-reaching policy and societal changes — with introducing children to nature at a young age and radically greening urban environments the most effective interventions. 汉语翻译： 计算机模型预测，除非出台深远的政策并推动社会变革——其中最有效的干预措施是在儿童年幼时就让他们接触自然并从根本上绿化城市环境——否则人们对自然的亲近感将持续下降。 层级结构图： · Computer modelling (主语) · predicts (谓语) · that-clause (宾语从句) · levels of nature connectedness (从句主语) · will continue to decline (从句谓语) · unless there are far-reaching policy and societal changes (条件状语从句) · with introducing children to nature… (伴随状语，说明changes内容) · and radically greening urban environments (并列结构) · the most effective interventions (宾补，说明前述两项为“最有效干预”) 长难句2 原句： A study found that measures to increase popular engagement with the natural world were not effective at reversing long-term declines in nature connectedness, although such schemes by charities—for instance, the Wildlife Trusts’ #30DaysWild—were still important for boosting mental health. 汉语翻译： 研究发现，旨在提高公众与自然世界互动的举措并不能有效扭转人们对自然长期以来的疏离趋势，尽管慈善机构推出的这类计划——例如野生动植物信托基金会的“#30天野外挑战”——对提升心理健康仍然重要。 层级结构图： · A study (主语) · found (谓语) · that-clause (宾语从句) · measures (从句主语) · → to increase popular engagement with the natural world (不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 measures) · were not effective (系表结构作谓语) · at reversing long-term declines (介词短语作方面状语) · → in nature connectedness (介词短语作后置定语，修饰 declines) · although such schemes by charities… were still important… (让步状语从句) · for instance, the Wildlife Trusts’ #30DaysWild (插入语，举例说明 schemes) · for boosting mental health (目的状语，修饰 important) Step 5: Review 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 1 decline 8 sufficient 15 essential 2 predict 9 radical 16 implement 3 policy 10 effective 17 recovery 4 urban 11 sustain 18 awareness 5 transform 12 obstacle 19 indicate 6 engage 13 generation 20 restore 7 reverse 14 fascinate Step 6: Translate 自 1800 年以来，人类与自然的亲近感已下降逾 60%。一个令人惊讶的线索来自书籍：诸如 river、moss、blossom 这类自然词汇的使用频率一路走低，其曲线与人类疏离自然的程度几乎吻合。德比大学自然联结教授迈尔斯·理查森利用计算机模型追踪了这一 220 年的趋势。模型综合了城市化扩张、邻里野生动物减少，以及最关键的一点——父母不再把对自然的热爱传递给下一代——等多维数据。 这项发表于《地球》期刊的研究警告说，除非社会迅速行动，否则“体验的灭绝”仍将持续。仅仅号召成年人“多出去走走”远远不够；诸如野生动植物信托基金会发起的“#30天野外挑战”或许能短暂提振心情，却无法阻止代际间的长期滑坡。模型显示，有两项措施效果显著：一是让幼儿持续接触自然，例如森林幼儿园；二是把城市变得远比现在更绿。 理查森对所需改变的规模感到震惊。一座城市可能需要把生物多样性绿地增加 10 倍，而非仅增 30%，才能扭转趋势。然而目标并非遥不可及：如今谢菲尔德居民平均每天只在自然空间停留 4 分 36 秒，若提升到约 40 分钟即可见效。 文化层面亦现曙光。1990 年后，书籍里的自然词汇止跌回升。这是否意味着真正的生态觉醒，抑或只是写作风潮与数据噪声，尚难定论；但它证明，若社会选择“变革”而非“微调”，修复仍然可能。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$