2026届高考英语一轮复习外刊精读与练习Day 11 猫和狗吃草真的是为了治病吗导学案

外刊阅读 Step 1: Reading Why do cats and dogs eat grass? 猫和狗吃草真的是为了治病吗 改编自：生活科学 Article Main idea Dogs and cats often chew grass, yet scientists still argue about the reason. One popular belief says pets use grass as a natural medicine to calm an upset stomach. Surveys, however, do not support this idea. In 2008, researchers asked 1,571 dog owners about plant-eating; 68 % said their dogs munched on grass at least once a week, but only 8 % noticed signs of illness beforehand. Two later studies on cats reported similar figures: only 6–9 % of the animals seemed sick before grazing, although about one-third vomited afterward. These data suggest that nausea is rarely the trigger. 提出“猫狗吃草”这一看似矛盾的现象，引出全文讨论的核心问题——原因何在。 A second theory claims that fibrous grass helps cats cough up hair balls or helps both species flush intestinal parasites. Yet the same 2021 cat study found no link between fur length and grass-eating frequency, and modern pets seldom carry heavy worm loads, making the purge idea hard to test. 列举并简要评价“自我药疗”（缓解胃部不适）假说，指出数据不支持。 论证方法：引用2008年大样本调查与2021年两项猫研究，用数据反驳因果假设。 文章逻辑：先立后驳，削弱传统观点的合理性。 A third suggestion points to micronutrients—tiny amounts of B vitamins or minerals hidden in the blades. Veterinarians answer that balanced commercial diets already supply every trace element a healthy pet needs, so grazing for nutrition is unnecessary. 段落大意：讨论“机械清理”假说（排毛球、驱虫），并用研究结果削弱其说服力。 Wild relatives of our pets also consume plants, implying the behavior is instinctive rather than learned. Dr. Jamie Lovejoy therefore offers a simpler view: “Most pets probably like the taste or enjoy the feeling of chewing something fresh.” Dr. Lori Teller adds, “If your healthy dog or cat nibbles grass now and then, relax; only constant gorging followed by vomiting needs a vet’s attention.” 段落大意：提出“微量元素”假说，随即以营养学共识否定其必要性。 论证方法：提出假设→专家引语→因果否定（因饮食已均衡）。 文章逻辑：快速扫描第三种解释，进一步缩小可能范围。 Finally, not all greenery is safe. Lilies, azaleas and certain lawn chemicals are poisonous. Owners should consult reliable lists of toxic plants and keep pesticides away from play areas. 段落大意：引入“本能/感官享受”假说，并用野生近亲行为及专家观点支持其合理性。 文章逻辑：提出最简洁解释，为全文提供相对肯定答案。 Step 2: Exercise 1、 基础版题目 (适合90分水平) 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Pets eat grass because they feel sick. B. Pets eat grass for many possible reasons. C. Grass is harmful to all pets. D. Scientists have proved why pets eat grass. 2. How many dogs showed illness before eating grass in the 2008 survey? A. 6 % B. 8 % C. 9 % D. 68 % 3. What did the 2021 study find about cats and hair balls? A. Long-haired cats eat more grass. B. Grass helps cats avoid hair balls. C. Fur length had no clear effect on grass-eating. D. All cats vomit hair balls after eating grass. 4. Why do some scientists think grass might provide vitamins? A. Grass contains micronutrients. B. Pets lack other foods. C. Wild animals need vitamins. D. Vets advise grass as medicine. 5. What should owners do if pets eat grass and vomit a lot? A. Give more grass. B. Change the brand of food. C. See a vet. D. Feed hair-ball paste. 【答案与解析】 1.B 主旨题。首段“scientists still argue”及全文列举多种可能，对应“many possible reasons”。 2.B 细节题。定位“only 8 % noticed signs of illness”。 3.C 细节题。定位“no link between fur length and grass-eating”。 4.A 细节题。定位“micronutrients…in the blades”。 5.C 细节题。定位“constant gorging…needs a vet’s attention”。 二、提高版题目 (适合130分水平) 1. The author’s primary purpose is to A. refute the view that grass is lethal to pets. B. synthesize current theories about grass-eating in pets. C. prove that pets eat grass solely for micronutrients. D. compare the digestive systems of wild and domestic carnivores. 2. Which finding most directly undermines the “upset-stomach” hypothesis? A. Few pets display illness before grazing. B. Many cats vomit after eating grass. C. Wild canids also ingest plant matter. D. Balanced diets provide all micronutrients. 3. The word “purge” in paragraph 3 most nearly means A. cleanse B. conceal C. generate D. digest 4. Why is the parasite-purge theory difficult to verify in modern U.S. pets? A. Routine deworming has reduced parasite loads. B. Owners rarely observe their pets’ stools. C. Cats are obligate carnivores. D. Commercial diets contain anthelmintics (驱虫药). 5. Which statement would the authors most likely endorse? A. All grass-eating behavior is abnormal. B. Occasional grazing is normal, but excessive grazing warrants investigation. C. Pets should be fed grass daily for extra vitamins. D. Artificial turf is the safest ground cover for pets. 【答案与解析】 1. B 主旨题。全文评述多种理论，未偏向单一结论。 2. A 细节题。数据显示仅8 %狗、6–9 %猫食前不适，直接冲击“因不适而吃草”。 3. A 词义题。“flush intestinal parasites”提示“purge”=cleanse。 4. A 推理题。定位“modern pets seldom carry heavy worm loads”。 5. B 观点题。定位“healthy pet nibbles… relax; only constant gorging…needs a vet”。 Step 3: Learning 1. behavior 重点：词义：行为；词性：名词；考查：behavior + toward/to；形容词behavioral。 近义词：conduct, manner 反义词：misbehavior 形近词：believe（动词） 拓展： behavior (n.) ├── behavioral (adj.) └── misbehavior (n.) 2. survey 重点：词义：调查；词性：名词/动词；考查：carry out a survey；动词survey (that)。 近义词：poll, study 反义词：ignore 形近词：survive (v.) 拓展： survey (v./n.) ├── surveyor (n.) └── surveillance (n.) 3. evidence 重点：词义：证据；词性：名词；考查：evidence that…；形容词evident。 近义词：proof, indication 反义词：disproof 形近词：event (n.) 拓展： evidence (n.) ├── evident (adj.) └── evidently (adv.) 4. theory 重点：词义：理论；词性：名词；考查：in theory；形容词theoretical。 近义词：hypothesis, notion 反义词：practice 形近词：therapy (n.) 拓展： theory (n.) ├── theoretical (adj.) └── theorize (v.) 5. digest 重点：词义：消化；词性：动词；考查：digest food；名词digestion。 近义词：absorb, break down 反义词：indigestion 形近词：digit (n.) 拓展： digest (v.) ├── digestion (n.) ├── digestive (adj.) └── indigestible (adj.) 6. nutrition 重点：词义：营养；词性：名词；考查：balanced nutrition；形容词nutritional。 近义词：nourishment, sustenance 反义词：malnutrition 形近词：nurture (v.) 拓展： nutrition (n.) ├── nutritional (adj.) ├── nutritious (adj.) └── malnutrition (n.) 7. instinct 重点：词义：本能；词性：名词；考查：by instinct；形容词instinctive。 近义词：intuition, impulse 反义词：reason 形近词：distinct (adj.) 拓展： instinct (n.) ├── instinctive (adj.) └── instinctively (adv.) 8. consume 重点：词义：消耗、吃；词性：动词；考查：consume energy；名词consumer。 近义词：use, ingest 反义词：produce 形近词：costume (n.) 拓展： consume (v.) ├── consumer (n.) ├── consumption (n.) └── consumable (adj.) 9. expose 重点：词义：暴露；词性：动词；考查：be exposed to…；名词exposure。 近义词：reveal, uncover 反义词：shield 形近词：oppose (v.) 拓展： expose (v.) ├── exposure (n.) ├── exposed (adj.) └── exposition (n.) 10. frequent 重点：词义：频繁的；词性：形容词；考查：frequent visitor；副词frequently。 近义词：common, regular 反义词：rare 形近词：fluent (adj.) 拓展： frequent (adj.) ├── frequently (adv.) ├── frequency (n.) └── infrequent (adj.) 11. toxic 重点：词义：有毒的；词性：形容词；考查：toxic chemicals；名词toxin。 近义词：poisonous, harmful 反义词：harmless 形近词：topic (n.) 拓展： toxic (adj.) ├── toxin (n.) ├── toxicity (n.) └── detoxify (v.) 12. symptom 重点：词义：症状；词性：名词；考查：show symptoms of…；形容词symptomatic。 近义词：sign, indication 反义词：cure 形近词：symbol (n.) 拓展： symptom (n.) ├── symptomatic (adj.) └── asymptomatic (adj.) 13. occur 重点：词义：发生；词性：动词；考查：occur to sb.；名词occurrence。 近义词：happen, take place 反义词：disappear 形近词：occupy (v.) 拓展： occur (v.) ├── occurrence (n.) ├── recurring (adj.) └── reoccur (v.) 14. sufficient 重点：词义：足够的；词性：形容词；考查：be sufficient for；名词sufficiency。 近义词：adequate, enough 反义词：insufficient 形近词：efficient (adj.) 拓展： sufficient (adj.) ├── sufficiently (adv.) ├── sufficiency (n.) └── insufficient (adj.) 15. recommend 重点：词义：推荐；词性：动词；考查：recommend that…(should)+v.；名词recommendation。 近义词：advise, suggest 反义词：oppose 形近词：command (v.) 拓展： recommend (v.) ├── recommendation (n.) └── recommendable (adj.) 16. hypothesis 重点：词义：假设；词性：名词；考查：put forward a hypothesis；动词hypothesize。 近义词：theory, assumption 反义词：fact 形近词：hypocrisy (n.) 拓展： hypothesis (n.) ├── hypotheses (pl.) ├── hypothesize (v.) └── hypothetical (adj.) 17. reduce 重点：词义：减少；词性：动词；考查：reduce risks；名词reduction。 近义词：decrease, lessen 反义词：increase 形近词：deduce (v.) 拓展： reduce (v.) ├── reduction (n.) ├── reducible (adj.) └── irreducible (adj.) 18. observe 重点：词义：观察；词性：动词；考查：observe that…；名词observation。 近义词：notice, witness 反义词：ignore 形近词：reserve (v.) 拓展： observe (v.) ├── observation (n.) ├── observable (adj.) └── observer (n.) 19. significant 重点：词义：重要的；词性：形容词；考查：significant difference；副词significantly。 近义词：important, notable 反义词：insignificant 形近词：signify (v.) 拓展： significant (adj.) ├── significance (n.) ├── significantly (adv.) └── insignificant (adj.) 20. persistent 重点：词义：持续的；词性：形容词；考查：persistent pain；动词persist。 近义词：continuous, constant 反义词：temporary 形近词：insist (v.) 拓展： persistent (adj.) ├── persistence (n.) ├── persist (v.) └── persistently (adv.) 写作积累 ⭐️One commonly repeated theory is that …… 释义：一个被广泛提及的说法是……。 例句：One commonly repeated theory is that drinking eight glasses of water a day is necessary for the body. 翻译：一个被广泛提及的说法是，每天喝八杯水对身体是必要的。 Step 4: Complex Sentence 长难句1 原句： Researchers found "no evident difference" in the frequency of grass-eating behavior between long-haired cats and short-haired cats, which had been expected to vomit hair balls more often. 汉语翻译： 研究人员发现，长毛猫与短毛猫在啃食草的频率上“没有明显差异”，而原本人们预期长毛猫会更频繁地吐出毛球。 层级结构图： · Researchers (主语) · found (谓语) · "no evident difference" (宾语) · in the frequency of grass-eating behavior (介词短语作后置定语) · between long-haired cats and short-haired cats (介词短语作范围状语) · → which had been expected to vomit hair balls more often (非限制性定语从句，修饰 long-haired cats) 长难句2 原句： Wild relatives of our pets have also been observed ingesting plant matter, which implies that the behavior is instinctive rather than learned, even though the exact trigger remains unknown. 汉语翻译： 人们也观察到宠物的野生近亲会摄食植物，这表明这种行为是本能的而非习得的，尽管其确切诱因仍不为人知。 层级结构图： · Wild relatives of our pets (主语) · have also been observed (谓语) · ingesting plant matter (动名词短语作主补) · → which implies that the behavior is instinctive rather than learned (非限制性定语从句，修饰整个前面内容) · → even though the exact trigger remains unknown (让步状语从句) Step 5: Review 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 1 persistent 8 occur 15 nutrition 2 significant 9 symptom 16 digest 3 observe 10 toxic 17 theory 4 reduce 11 frequent 18 evidence 5 hypothesis 12 expose 19 survey 6 recommend 13 consume 20 behavior 7 sufficient 14 instinct Step 6: Translate 为什么狗和猫会啃草 狗和猫常常咀嚼青草，但科学家至今仍对其原因争论不休。一种广为流传的看法认为，宠物把草当成天然的“胃药”，用以缓解胃部不适。然而，调查数据并不支持这一观点。2008 年，研究人员向 1,571 位狗主人询问其爱犬吃植物的情况：68% 的狗每周至少吃一次草，但只有 8% 的主人注意到狗在吃草前出现不适迹象。随后两项针对猫的研究也得出类似结论：仅 6%–9% 的猫在吃草前表现出病态，尽管约三分之一的猫事后会呕吐。这些数据表明，恶心很少是触发吃草的原因。 第二种理论声称，富含纤维的青草能帮助猫排出毛球，或帮助两类动物清除肠道寄生虫。但同一项 2021 年的猫研究发现，毛长与吃草频率并无关联，且现代宠物极少携带大量寄生虫，使得“驱虫”假说难以验证。 第三种说法指向微量元素——草叶中微量的 B 族维生素或矿物质。兽医指出，市售均衡猫粮狗粮已提供所有必需的微量元素，因此为营养而啃草并无必要。 宠物的野生近亲也被观察到会吃植物，这说明该行为可能是本能而非后天习得。杰米·洛夫乔伊博士因此给出更简洁的解释：“多数宠物只是喜欢草的味道，或享受咀嚼新鲜东西的感觉。”洛里·泰勒博士补充道：“如果你的健康猫狗偶尔啃几口草，大可放心；只有当它们持续暴食并频繁呕吐时，才需就医。” 最后，并非所有绿色植物都安全。百合、杜鹃花以及某些草坪化学药剂均有毒性。主人应查阅可信的有毒植物清单，并避免在宠物活动区域使用农药。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$