选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12 INNOVATION(Word讲义)-【赢在微点·顶层设计】2027年高中英语高考一轮总复习过重点(北师大版2019)

UNIT 12　INNOVATION 重点1　练学核心词汇 教材里寻金 1.My expectations were reduced (reduce) to zero when I was 21. 2.With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently (efficient). 3.During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers were proposed (propose) by two American scientists. 4.During World WarⅡ, when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy (accurate) of their missiles. 5.Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant (constantly)—they change according to our experience of them. 6.To illustrate (illustration) this, let’s have a look at three simple inventions: the clock, the refrigerator and the elevator. 高考这样考 1.Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate (regulation) weight. (2024·全国甲卷) 2.I worked extensively with other students, constantly (constant) asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. (2024·北京卷) 3.Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science (scientific) can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” (2024·浙江1月卷) 4.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices (device) are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 5.Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged (emerge) as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.(2024·全国甲卷) 1.decline v. 减少,降低 练基础—单句语法填空 ①The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests. ②The possibility has never occurred to us that you might decline to accept (accept) our offer.  ③Howard declined to come (come) and in that case we asked somebody else to help us overcome the difficulties.  提写作—试写佳句—背诵 她摇头拒绝了。 ④She declined with a shake of her head. (动作描写)  2.donate v. 捐赠;赠送,捐献(器官),献(血) 练基础—单句语法填空 ①This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. ②Volunteers came with carloads of donated (donate) clothing and toys. ③Besides, we made a donation (donate) of 120,000 yuan to you, expecting that it can help you get through the difficulties. 提写作—试写佳句—背诵 作为学生会主席,我代表我的学校想和你谈谈捐赠图书的事情。 ④As chairman of the Student Union, I want to talk with you about the donation of books on behalf of my school.  Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化 1.Thanks to innovation, profits have risen by 15 percent compared with the 　　　　 (correspond) period last year.  答案与解析　corresponding　句意:由于创新,利润比去年同期增长了15%。分析句子结构可知,设空在句中作定语,故用形容词corresponding“相应的; 相关的”。 2.What had bonded them 　　　　 (instant) and so completely was their similar background.  答案与解析　instantly　分析句子结构可知,and前后接并列的副词,故填instantly。 3.He told us that the device was not designed to transmit to 　　　　 (satellite).  答案与解析　satellites　根据句意“该设备不是为向卫星发送信号而设计的”可知,应填名词复数。 4.There was an 　　　　 (explode) of applause from the audience at the end of the performance.  答案与解析　explosion　设空在句中作表语,且空前有不定冠词an,故填explosion。 5.　　　　 (frighten), she asked me to go with her.  答案与解析　Frightened　分析句子结构可知,此处用形容词作状语,修饰主语she。故填Frightened。 6.In the summer, large crops of fruit may 　　　　 (preserve) by freezing or bottling.  答案与解析　be preserved　根据句意并分析句子结构可知,设空在句中作谓语,且应用被动语态,故填be preserved。 7.　　　　 (follow) the old man, the young people started walking slowly.  答案与解析　Following　分析句子结构可知,设空在句中作状语,且与句子的主语是逻辑上的主动关系,故填Following。 8.The well-known surgeon 　　　　 (donate) millions of pounds to local schools last month.  答案与解析　donated　设空在句中作谓语,且有时间状语last month,故填donated。 Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配 　　The world needs ①innovations (innovation) for our well-being.We need some new ways to deal with garbage. Some people think that only ②gifted (gift) people can invent new things. For example, Einstein put forward the Theory of Relativity, which shows even time, mass or length are not ③constant (constantly). Biologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Eckert, an engineer and Mauchly, a physicist, produced a machine to improve the accuracy of ④missiles (missile) in ⑤a joint effort. Hawking proposed the Big Bang Theory ⑥in spite of his disability. If we common people are dedicated to something, maybe we will cause a revolution. 重点2　短语、句型和单元语法 教材里寻金 1.Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. 2.We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 3.By the end of the 1960s, some mini-networks were established, but only a few computers could connect to them. 4.In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other. 5.This huge machine was the world’s first computer, but it was nothing like our computers today. 6.In spite of his disease, Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. 高考这样考 1.It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. (2024·浙江1月卷) 2.I have learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you will find encouraging if you are doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. (2023·浙江1月卷) 3.I suggest that you put three to four students together, with one as the group leader, in which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 4.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted (hunt). (2023·全国甲卷)  1.主语从句 ①I decided it was not fair that I had to contribute my money. (2021·浙江卷) ②What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. ③At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognise different facial expressions in humans. (2021·浙江卷) ④But now only six such bowls are known to exist, most of which are in museums. How the bowl ended up at a Connecticut yard sale remains a mystery. 敲黑板 ①连接词表“什么,……地方/时间/……”,用what; 连接词表“无论什么”,用whatever; ②连接词表“哪个;哪些”,有选择范围,用which; 表“无论哪些”,有选择范围,用whichever; ③表“谁”, 用who; 表“无论谁”用whoever; ④表方式,“如何;怎样”,用how; ⑤表原因,用why; ⑥表时间或地点分别用when或where。 2.动词的语态 Science fiction ①is regarded (regard) by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ②explored (explore). The Three-Body Problem, ③written (write) by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work ④came (come) out in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and ⑤was printed (print) as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ⑥was translated (translate) into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel.  重点3　最提分微写作 应用文写作提分练—短文(科学精神) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假定你是李华,本期你校英语报讨论版块发起的话题为“你认为科学家最应该具备的品质是什么”。请你用英语写一篇短文向该版块投稿,内容包括:1.科学家最应该具备的品质;2.说明原因。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1.科学研究的职位在各种各样的领域都有,但杰出的科学家却具备相似的品质。 Positions in scientific research are available in a wide variety of fields, but the qualities of an exceptional scientist are similar.  2.他们必须有好奇心,有勇气,有创造力,坚持不懈,注重细节。我认为注重细节是最重要的。 They must be curious, courageous, creative, persistent, and detail-oriented, of which I believe being detail-oriented is the most essential one. (非限制性定语从句)  3.在科学中,答案都是基于观察和收集的数据之上的。 In science, answers are based on observations and collected data.  4.在科学理论的发展中,密切关注细节很重要。 Close attention to details is important in the development of science theories.  5.事实上,即使最小的变化也会影响研究的结果。因此杰出的科学家都注重准确性。 In reality, even the smallest change can affect the outcome of the study. That　's why exceptional scientists value accuracy. (表语从句)  第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(恰当运用过渡衔接词汇) 范文　 　　Positions in scientific research are available in a wide variety of fields, but the qualities of an exceptional scientist are similar. They must be curious, courageous, creative, persistent, and detail-oriented, of which I believe being detail-oriented is the most essential one. In science, answers are based on observations and collected data. Close attention to details is important in the development of science theories. In reality, even the smallest change can affect the outcome of the study. That’s why exceptional scientists value accuracy. 续写提分小语段—(主题:生活故事) 根据左栏汉语和黑体部分的提示,利用本单元所复习的词汇和句式补全小语段,并背诵成文。 尽管不情不愿,她还是和我一起爬了上去。简不慌不忙地爬到山顶,睁大眼睛,喊道:“太棒了!”她像做梦一样环顾四周,双眸激动地闪闪发光。清新的微风拂过山顶,山下是郁郁葱葱的树木,鸟儿在树枝间啁啾。我们悠闲地坐在一块大石头上,听着鸟儿啁啾、沐浴着阳光。“还有人想要她的手机吗?”我开玩笑说。她翻了个白眼,笑出声来。第二天早上,简雀跃着到了我的房间,喊道:“我们今天绕湖徒步吧。”“当然,那就带上我们的背包吧。”我立刻笑了起来,感到既欣慰又高兴。 ①Though reluctant, she just climbed along with me. ②Reaching the top deliberately, Jane widened her eyes, shouting, How awesome! She looked around dreamily, her eyes twinkling with wild excitement. A refreshing breeze brushed the mountain top, green trees spread out below us and birds chirped between branches. ③We sat on a large rock at ease, enjoying the sounds, and the sunlight. Anyone still wants her phone? I joked. She rolled her eyes, laughing out loud. The next morning, Jane danced to my room, crying, Let　's hike around the lake today. Sure, get our backpacks then, I beamed instantly, relieved and joyful. 仿写(仿效加曲线句)清新的微风拂过我的脸颊,温暖的阳光照在我身上。我如梦似幻地环顾四周,眼里闪烁着狂喜。 ④A refreshing breeze brushed my cheeks, and warm sunlight shone on me. I looked around dreamily, my eyes twinkling with wild excitement. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$