内容正文:
第22讲 语法填空有提示词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 3
02 体系构建·思维可视 5
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 5
考点一 提示词是动词-考查时态和语态及主谓一致 5
知识点1 动词时态 6
知识点2 被动语态 7
知识点3 主谓一致 7
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 8
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态 9
考向3 利用平行关系解决时态问题 9
考向4 考查被动语态 9
考向5 主谓一致的综合考查 10
考点二 提示词是动词-考查非谓语动词和词性转换 11
知识点1 非谓语作状语 11
知识点2 非谓语作定语、表语 12
知识点3 非谓语作补语 13
知识点4 非谓语作宾语、主语 14
知识点5 动词转换为名词、形容词 15
考向1 考查非谓语作状语 17
考向2 考查非谓语作补语 18
考向3 考查非谓语作定语、表语 18
考向4 考查非谓语作宾语、主语 19
考向5 动词转换为名词、形容词 19
考点三 提示词是名词 19
知识点1名词的数 20
知识点2名词派生为形容词、动词等 22
知识点3名词所有格 22
考向1 考查名词的单复数形式 23
考向2 考查名词派生为形容词、动词等 23
考向3 考查名词的所有格 23
考点四 提示词是形容词、副词 24
知识点1 形容词转化为副词和名词 24
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级 26
考向1 形容词转化为副词和名词 28
考向2 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 28
考点五 提示词是代词和数词 28
知识点1 提示词是代词 29
知识点2 提示词是数词或其它 30
考向1 考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词 30
考向2 考查其序数词或其它 31
04真题溯源·考向感知 31
01 考情解码·命题预警
年份求
篇章类型
有提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词、副词
代词
数词
2025年
A记叙文
B 议论文
C说明文
3
2
1
1
0
0
2024年
A说明文
B新闻报道
C记叙文
3
3
1
1
0
0
2023年
A记叙文
B 说明文
C新闻报道
3
3
1
1
0
0
考情分析:
1. 从命题内容上看,北京卷语法填空语篇主题紧扣以下方向:个人成长与生活哲理、科技与环境、社会热点与人文关怀、中外文化对比、科学与探索等。语篇注重现实意义与跨学科融合(如生态学、心理学、人类学),强调文化理解(2023A)与可持续发展(2022C),呼应“文明互鉴”和“家国情怀”的育人目标。
2. 命题思路
1)文章基本上以记叙文、说明文和新闻报道为主,近两年增加了议论文体裁的考查。
2)ABC每段词数80词左右,有逐年增加的趋势,但幅度不大。
3)近3年大部分为一句一空,只有一句话设两个空,且间隔一定的距离。
3. 考点分布
(1) 谓语动词(高频考点)
(2) 非谓语动词(核心难点)
(3) 词形转换(必考基础)
2026年命题预测:
1. 谓语与非谓语动词仍是核心(占比超50%);
2. 词形转换(名/形/副词)必考;
3. 抽象名词(如 "self-awareness")、分词作状语、比较级是提分关键点。
复习目标:
1. 强化词形转换。
2.熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。
3.熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。
4.熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法。
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点一 提示词是动词-考查时态和语态及主谓一致
第一步:“一分析”确定是否作谓语
首先,分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所需词与之是并列关时,空处就用谓语动词。
第二步: 填谓语动词“三步看”
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语);
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者);
③看人称和数, 确保主谓一致
知识点1 动词时态
一、三分析确定作谓语
1.分析句子结构若为简单句,在主语后面要填动词,而且只有这一个动词,则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构若为并列句,可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构若为复合句,可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
二、四查找确定时态
时态
关键步骤
查找
时态
标志
词
(1)看到often,usually,always,sometimes等时间状语,要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday,last year,in 2022,the other day等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tomorrow,next year,in the future,soon等时间状语,要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this moment,at present,now等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,in the last/past few years,so far/up to now,for+时间段,ever since...等时间状语,要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then,by the end of...等时间状语,要想到用过去完成时。
查找
连词
(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
查找常用句式
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式,因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如:
(1) sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
(2) This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
(3) This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
(4) sb +had (just) done sth. when+一般过去时
(5) 祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时
(6) It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
(7)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(8)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
(9)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(10)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
语境暗示
分析句子结构,没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 被动语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时。
知识点3 主谓一致
考虑主谓一致
根据关键词答题
语法一致
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
(2)and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(4)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
(5)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
就近一致
(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...,not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there,here引起的句子中主语不止一个时,谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
意义一致
(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group等。
(2)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者part of等修饰时,要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
例1 (2025年北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought.
例2 However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____whic19____accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【变式训练1】
The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【变式训练2】
As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【变式训练3】Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态
例3 Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
思维建模 从固定句型中分析时态
固定句型sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...主句动作是正在发生
【变式训练1·变载体】 It is the third time that she ________ (come) to this mountain village to see the children.
【变式训练2】I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
考向3 利用平行关系解决时态问题
例4 (2024年北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
【变式训练1·变载体】After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
【变式训练2】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
考向4 考查被动语态
例5 (2025年北京卷)Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
思维建模 被动语态解题思路
【变式训练1】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspire的60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【传统文化与学科知识结合】【变式训练2 】Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom 36 (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴).
考向5 主谓一致的综合考查
例6 (2023北京卷)Up to now, China 26 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【变式训练1·变考法】This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community as a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 58 (respond) to the challenges of climate change.
【变式训练2 】They ____44____(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【变式训练3 】As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.
考点二 提示词是动词-考查非谓语动词和词性转换
知识点1 非谓语作状语
知识点2 非谓语作定语、表语
作定语
作表语
知识点3 非谓语作补语
知识点4 非谓语作宾语、主语
作宾语
作主语
知识点5 动词转换为名词、形容词
当所给动词既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时,考虑进行词性转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词,偶有变形容词或副词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
下面为常考词形转换(具体参考本专辑第09讲构词法)
1.动词转换为形容词:
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.+ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的;令人兴奋的
③v.+词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.+词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2.动词转换为名词
①v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n.庆祝
compete→competition n.比赛
pollute→pollution n.污染
educate→ education n.教育
②v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n.成就
announce→announcement n.宣布
argue→argument n.争论, 论据
develop→development n.发展
③v.+-er/-or 转换为名词, 表示“人”
perform→performer n.表演者
settle→settler n.移民者
educate→educator n.教育家
direct→director n.导演
3.名词的单复数:
若提示词是可数名词单数,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数:
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式,则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词,则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.+-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.+-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.+-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.+-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.+-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词,如果作谓语或非谓语,则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-: courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及;使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v.道歉
考向1 考查非谓语作状语
例1 (2025·北京·高考真题 C)When ____17____ (travel) , we engage with cultures and experiences.
例2 (2024·北京·高考真题 C)Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
例3 (2023·北京·高考真题 C). Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【变式训练1】___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
【变式训练2】During college, he improved weaving tools and experimented with natural dyes, 40 (expand) brocade colors from five to over 220 shades. After graduating, he returned home to establish a brocade cooperative.
【变式训练3】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
考向2 考查非谓语作补语
例 (2025年北京卷)Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare).
【变式训练1】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
【变式训练2·变考法】Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
【变式训练3】The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 36 (celebrate) Chinese New Year.
【变式训练4】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
考向3 考查非谓语作定语、表语
例1 Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
例2 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
【变式训练1】(2024·北京朝阳·二模)Traditionally it has two panels 5 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls.
【变式训练2·变考法】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
考向4 考查非谓语作宾语、主语
例 “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【变式训练1】The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【变式训练2·变考法】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.
【变式训练3】You’d better quit (drink) or at least cut down the amount of alcohol in order to keep fit.
考向5 动词转换为名词、形容词
例1Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
例2Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【变式训练1】The latest ____56engineering____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).
【变式训练2·变考法】As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
【变式训练3】This trip was an enriching 44 (explore)of China’s unique mix of tradition and modernity. I gained a deeper connection and appreciation for China’s culture and progress.
考点三 提示词是名词
知识点1名词的数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。
3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) arm(手臂)→arms(军火)
damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规)
做题的时候要注意联系上下文,观察此处该填入的是否为名词复数或者是名词所有格。
Tips:
做题步骤1——先确定这个空填入的是名词。语法填空想让我们填名词的时候,一般该横线处如果是在冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或者指示代词后面时,则考虑填入的是名词。
做题步骤2——确定该空填的是名词之后,就要考虑该空是否填入的是名词复数。当提示词前面有some,many,a lot of,lots of,few,a few, 2以上的基数词等词修饰时,我们要知道此处需要填入名词复数形式。
做题步骤3——名词所有格相对于名词复数来说,考的频率没有名词复数高,但是同样也需要掌握。做题时,注意理解句子意思,当句子意思中明确含有“某人的,谁谁谁的”,要变名词所有格。(注:当给出的提示词为名词,而横线后的词也是一个名词时,注意判断此处横线内要填的词基本可以判断为起的是形容词的作用,即填入名词所有格形式。)
知识点2名词派生为形容词、动词等
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
知识点3名词所有格
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
考向1 考查名词的单复数形式
例1 (2024·北京·高考真题 A)To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
例2 (2023年北京卷)Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city) from coastal winds.
【变式训练1】As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
【变式训练2】These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【变式训练3】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
考向2 考查名词派生为形容词、动词等
例1(2025年北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s ____11____ (peace), especially around sunset.
【变式训练1】The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
【变式训练2】 The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
考向3 考查名词的所有格
例1 Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to ________ (people) favourite tastes.
【变式训练1】“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【变式训练2】A (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
考点四 提示词是形容词、副词
形容词与副词一般放一起考。给形容词我们考虑填其副词形式,或者考查形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。做题时候要注意看此处缺形容词还是副词,注意看是否考查词的等级。
时刻记住:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子。
Tips1:
做题步骤1——当横线后(或者横线前)的词为动词,或者横线后的词为形容词,而给出的提示词又是形容词时,该横线处填入的是副词;
做题步骤2——当给出的提示词为形容词,而横线处是修饰整个句子的,横线内也填入副词;
做题步骤3——当给出的提示词为形容词,而句中有more, than, much,even 等词时提示我们此空要用比较级;如果有the,most等词,填入最高级。有时要先变副词再变副词最高级,做题时注意看被修饰的是名词还是动词等。【比较级特殊句式: the +比较级… the +比较级…(越……越……);最高级特殊句式:one of+the +最高级+名词复数“最…其中之一】
Tips2:
常考的副词还有一个是在没有给出提示词时的表示句子逻辑关系的,经常出现在句首。表转折关系的however就经常考。
知识点1 形容词转化为副词和名词
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
(1)形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est) 转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
【名师提醒】
有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)形容词、副词的比较级必背的句型
1. 几种常见的比较级考查点:
(1) 句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。
(2) 句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。
(3) 表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。
(4) 常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有 much,far,still,even,rather,a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等。
2. 平级比较的两个基本句式:
(1) as+形容词(副词)原级+as..“和……一样”。 not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...“不如……”。
(2) as+形容词原级a(n)+n.as..“和……一样”。
3. 否定词no,not,never等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义
4. 最高级的一个基本结构:
句中常有比较的范围,如of all, in all,表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构。
考向1 形容词转化为副词和名词
例1 (2023年北京卷) I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I threw 21 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 22 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 23 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【变式训练1】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【变式训练2】The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
考向2 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
例1 (2025年北京卷)When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____14____ (long).
【变式训练1】Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【变式训练2】Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【变式训练3】In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
考点五 提示词是代词和数词
知识点1 提示词是代词
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
代词解题注意事项
1.通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2.理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
3.通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
知识点2 提示词是数词
一、 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。(易错词已标出)
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth
nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
二、 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考向1 考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
例1 (2019年北京卷)Nervously 2 (face)challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I)the two simple words "Be yourself" .
【变式训练1】This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【变式训练2】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
考向2 考查其序数词或其他形式
例1 Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
【变式训练1】 The lady still keeps jogging even in her ________ (ninety) to have a healthy lifestyle.
【变式训练2】 Explaining to a friend how to find his apartment, he said, “Come up to the ____________ (five) floor and ring the doorbell with your finger.”
04真题溯源·考向感知
2025年北京卷真题
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s ____11____ (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). The truth, though, is ____13____could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____14____ (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
C
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When ____17____ (travel) , we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come ____20____ the planet’s expense.
2024年北京卷真题
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
C
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ___18___ myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
2023年北京卷
A
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
2022年北京卷
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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第22讲 语法填空有提示词
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警 5
02 体系构建·思维可视 6
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 7
考点一 提示词是动词-考查时态和语态及主谓一致 7
知识点1 动词时态 8
知识点2 被动语态 9
知识点3 主谓一致 9
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态 10
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态 11
思维建模 从固定句型中分析时态 11
考向3 利用平行关系解决时态问题 12
思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题 12
考向4 考查被动语态 13
思维建模 被动语态解题思路 13
考向5 主谓一致的综合考查 14
考点二 提示词是动词-考查非谓语动词和词性转换 15
知识点1 非谓语作状语 16
知识点2 非谓语作定语、表语 17
知识点3 非谓语作补语 18
知识点4 非谓语作宾语、主语 19
知识点5 动词转换为名词、形容词 20
考向1 考查非谓语作状语 22
思维建模 非谓语动词作状语 23
考向2 考查非谓语作补语 24
思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语 24
考向3 考查非谓语作定语、表语 26
考向4 考查非谓语作宾语、主语 27
思维建模 跟动名词作宾语的动词和介词to 27
考向5 动词转换为名词、形容词 28
考点三 提示词是名词 29
知识点1名词的数 29
知识点2名词派生为形容词、动词等 31
知识点3名词所有格 32
考向1 考查名词的单复数形式 32
思维建模 判断名词复数方法 33
考向2 考查名词派生为形容词、动词等 33
考向3 考查名词的所有格 34
思维建模 名词的所有格解题思路 34
考点四 提示词是形容词、副词 35
知识点1 形容词转化为副词和名词 36
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级 37
考向1 形容词转化为副词和名词 39
考向2 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 40
考点五 提示词是代词和数词 40
知识点1 提示词是代词 41
知识点2 提示词是数词或其它 42
考向1 考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词 42
考向2 考查其序数词或其它 43
04真题溯源·考向感知 44
01 考情解码·命题预警
年份求
篇章类型
有提示词
谓语
非谓语
名词
形容词、副词
代词
数词
2025年
A记叙文
B 议论文
C说明文
3
2
1
1
0
0
2024年
A说明文
B新闻报道
C记叙文
3
3
1
1
0
0
2023年
A记叙文
B 说明文
C新闻报道
3
3
1
1
0
0
考情分析:
1. 从命题内容上看,北京卷语法填空语篇主题紧扣以下方向:个人成长与生活哲理、科技与环境、社会热点与人文关怀、中外文化对比、科学与探索等。语篇注重现实意义与跨学科融合(如生态学、心理学、人类学),强调文化理解(2023A)与可持续发展(2022C),呼应“文明互鉴”和“家国情怀”的育人目标。
2. 命题思路
1)文章基本上以记叙文、说明文和新闻报道为主,近两年增加了议论文体裁的考查。
2)ABC每段词数80词左右,有逐年增加的趋势,但幅度不大。
3)近3年大部分为一句一空,只有一句话设两个空,且间隔一定的距离。
3. 考点分布
(1) 谓语动词(高频考点)
(2) 非谓语动词(核心难点)
(3) 词形转换(必考基础)
2026年命题预测:
1. 谓语与非谓语动词仍是核心(占比超50%);
2. 词形转换(名/形/副词)必考;
3. 抽象名词(如 "self-awareness")、分词作状语、比较级是提分关键点。
复习目标:
1. 强化词形转换。
2.熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。
3.熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。
4.熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法。
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点一 提示词是动词-考查时态和语态及主谓一致
第一步:“一分析”确定是否作谓语
首先,分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所需词与之是并列关时,空处就用谓语动词。
第二步: 填谓语动词“三步看”
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语);
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者);
③看人称和数, 确保主谓一致
知识点1 动词时态
一、三分析确定作谓语
1.分析句子结构若为简单句,在主语后面要填动词,而且只有这一个动词,则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构若为并列句,可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构若为复合句,可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
二、四查找确定时态
时态
关键步骤
查找
时态
标志
词
(1)看到often,usually,always,sometimes等时间状语,要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday,last year,in 2022,the other day等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tomorrow,next year,in the future,soon等时间状语,要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this moment,at present,now等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,in the last/past few years,so far/up to now,for+时间段,ever since...等时间状语,要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then,by the end of...等时间状语,要想到用过去完成时。
查找
连词
(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
查找常用句式
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式,因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如:
(1) sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
(2) This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
(3) This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
(4) sb +had (just) done sth. when+一般过去时
(5) 祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时
(6) It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
(7)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(8)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
(9)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(10)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
语境暗示
分析句子结构,没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 被动语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时。
知识点3 主谓一致
考虑主谓一致
根据关键词答题
语法一致
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
(2)and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(4)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
(5)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
就近一致
(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but (also)...,not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there,here引起的句子中主语不止一个时,谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
意义一致
(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group等。
(2)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者part of等修饰时,要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
例1 (2025年北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought.
【答案】had made
【解析】考查时态。句意:当你刷牙的时候,你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。故填had made。
例2 However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____whic19____accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】left
【解析】考查时态。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
【变式训练1】
The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来,男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说,它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语,句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
【变式训练2】
As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
【变式训练3】Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】have started
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态
例3 Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,这是“was/were doing…when…”句型,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
思维建模 从固定句型中分析时态
固定句型sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...主句动作是正在发生
【变式训练1·变载体】 It is the third time that she ________ (come) to this mountain village to see the children.
【答案】has come
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这是她第三次到这个山村来看孩子们。分析句子可知,该句为"tisthe+ 序数词 + time tha.”的固定句型。该句型表示“这是某人第几次做某事”,其中that引1导的从句需要用现在完成时(have/has+ 过去分词),强调动作的重复性和对现在的影响。句中主语是“she”(第三人称单数),“come”的过去分词是“come”。故填has come。
【变式训练2】I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
【答案】was searching
【解析】考查时态。句意:我正在网上搜索相关信息时,手机响了。分析句子可知,此空应填谓语动词,再根据句意和when my cellphone rang可知,这里谓语动词用过去进行时,表示过去正在发生的动作,be doing sth. when...表“正在做某事,正在那时……”,为固定句型。故填was searching。
考向3 利用平行关系解决时态问题
例4 (2024年北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
【答案】gives
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。
思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
【变式训练1·变载体】After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
【变式训练2】He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【答案】threw
【解析】考查时态。句意:他迅速地把工具扔到一边,开始跑起来,双臂张开。分析句子结构可知,该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知,需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致,用一般过去时。
考向4 考查被动语态
例5 (2025年北京卷)Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
【答案】are achieved
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:通常,通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略,可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语better outcomes是复数,be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
思维建模 被动语态解题思路
【变式训练1】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspire的60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired, was built。
【解析】61. 考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
【传统文化与学科知识结合】【变式训练2 】Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom 36 (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴).
【答案】were driven
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:2024年,北京独特的文化身份吸引了创纪录的游客数量,达到新高度,其中大多数人部分是由其新列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产的中轴线所吸引来的。此处在定语从句中作谓语动词,主语为most of whom,为复数,与drive之间为被动关系,且根据时间状语in 2024可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填were driven。
考向5 主谓一致的综合考查
例6 (2023北京卷)Up to now, China 26 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】has established
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。
【变式训练1·变考法】This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community as a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 58 (respond) to the challenges of climate change.
【答案】responds
【解析】考查时态。句意:该项目受到国际社会的密切关注,被视为一条绿色“长城”,有助于解决荒漠化问题,大大提高了全球森林覆盖率,并应对气候变化的挑战。that引导的定语从句中,本空与helps和contributes并列作谓语,时态用一般现在时,主语为This project,谓语用respond“作出反应”的第三人称单数形式。故填responds。
【变式训练2 】They ____44____(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
【变式训练3 】As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.
【答案】has been associated
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:蛇,作为中国十二生肖中第六个动物,在历史上一直与智慧、直觉和变革联系在一起。根据over history可知,associate“联系”这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,本句时态用现在完成时,且主语The Snake与associate为被动关系,句子用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has been associated。
考点二 提示词是动词-考查非谓语动词和词性转换
知识点1 非谓语作状语
知识点2 非谓语作定语、表语
作定语
作表语
知识点3 非谓语作补语
知识点4 非谓语作宾语、主语
作宾语
作主语
知识点5 动词转换为名词、形容词
当所给动词既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时,考虑进行词性转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词,偶有变形容词或副词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
下面为常考词形转换(具体参考本专辑第09讲构词法)
1.动词转换为形容词:
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.+ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的;令人兴奋的
③v.+词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.+词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2.动词转换为名词
①v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n.庆祝
compete→competition n.比赛
pollute→pollution n.污染
educate→ education n.教育
②v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n.成就
announce→announcement n.宣布
argue→argument n.争论, 论据
develop→development n.发展
③v.+-er/-or 转换为名词, 表示“人”
perform→performer n.表演者
settle→settler n.移民者
educate→educator n.教育家
direct→director n.导演
3.名词的单复数:
若提示词是可数名词单数,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数:
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式,则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词,则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.+-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.+-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.+-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.+-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.+-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词,如果作谓语或非谓语,则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-: courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及;使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v.道歉
考向1 考查非谓语作状语
例1 (2025·北京·高考真题 C)When ____17____ (travel) , we engage with cultures and experiences.
【答案】17.traveling
【解析】.考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。
例2 (2024·北京·高考真题 C)Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
【答案】19. knocking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:就在这时,一些孩子朝他跑来,把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran,空处作非谓语动词,knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
思维建模 非谓语动词作状语
例3 (2023·北京·高考真题 C). Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【答案】19. to address 20. facing
【解析】19.考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。
20.考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。
【变式训练1】___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
【变式训练2】During college, he improved weaving tools and experimented with natural dyes, 40 (expand) brocade colors from five to over 220 shades. After graduating, he returned home to establish a brocade cooperative.
【答案】expanding
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:在大学期间,他改进了织布工具,并尝试使用天然染料,从而将织锦的颜色从五种增加到了超过 220 种。分析可知,“______ (expand) brocade colors from five to…”为句子的结果状语,所填动词应是非谓语形式;且主语“he”与“expand”之间为主动关系,所以此处需填现在分词作状语。故填expanding。
【变式训练3】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
考向2 考查非谓语作补语
例 (2025年北京卷)Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare).
【答案】 12.scared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”,“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语
【变式训练1】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。
【变式训练2·变考法】Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
【答案】 to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
【变式训练3】The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 36 (celebrate) Chinese New Year.
【答案】celebrating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1月29日至2月2日,中国国家芭蕾舞团在华盛顿肯尼迪艺术中心上演了改编自柴可夫斯基《胡桃夹子》的中国版《过年》,共有七场演出庆祝中国新年。此处是with的复合结构,shows和celebrate之间是逻辑主动关系,celebrate用现在分词形式作宾补。故填celebrating。
【变式训练4】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
考向3 考查非谓语作定语、表语
例1 Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
【答案】to rent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women ________ (rent)”作后置定语,修饰名词词组fashion clothes,意为“女性租赁的衣服”,用不定式to rent作后置定语,主动表被动。故填to rent。
例2 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我迅速放下身子,低下头,避免直接看他的眼睛,这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词,之后缺表语,故用过去分词challenged,表示"被挑战的",所以用过去分词。
【变式训练1】(2024·北京朝阳·二模)Traditionally it has two panels 5 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls.
【答案】5.attached
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:传统上,它有两个嵌板连接在一条腰带上,它们在身体前面重叠形成一个“裙门”,就像古代城墙上的马面防御一样。此处attach与panels构成被动关系,故用过去分词。故填attached。
【变式训练2·变考法】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
考向4 考查非谓语作宾语、主语
例 “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】returning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意,表示“意味着……”,用固定搭配mean doing sth.,意为“意味着做某事”,用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
思维建模 跟动名词作宾语的动词和介词to
【变式训练1】The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
【变式训练2·变考法】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
【变式训练3】You’d better quit (drink) or at least cut down the amount of alcohol in order to keep fit.
【答案】drinking
【解析】考查非谓语。句意:为了保持健康,你最好戒酒或至少减少饮酒量。固定搭配quit doing“放弃做”,动名词形式作宾语。故填drinking。
考向5 动词转换为名词、形容词
例1Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
【答案】solution
【解析】考查名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词solution,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填solution。
例2Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
【变式训练1】The latest ____56engineering____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
【变式训练2·变考法】As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
【答案】innovation
【解析】考查名词。句意:随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化,世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语,应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。
【变式训练3】This trip was an enriching 44 (explore)of China’s unique mix of tradition and modernity. I gained a deeper connection and appreciation for China’s culture and progress.
【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意:这次旅行是对中国独特的传统与现代融合的一次丰富探索。空处为名词形式担当表语;根据空前的“an”可推测,空处为名词的单数形式。故填exploration。
考点三 提示词是名词
知识点1名词的数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。
2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。
3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。)
5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7.常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) arm(手臂)→arms(军火)
damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规)
做题的时候要注意联系上下文,观察此处该填入的是否为名词复数或者是名词所有格。
Tips:
做题步骤1——先确定这个空填入的是名词。语法填空想让我们填名词的时候,一般该横线处如果是在冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或者指示代词后面时,则考虑填入的是名词。
做题步骤2——确定该空填的是名词之后,就要考虑该空是否填入的是名词复数。当提示词前面有some,many,a lot of,lots of,few,a few, 2以上的基数词等词修饰时,我们要知道此处需要填入名词复数形式。
做题步骤3——名词所有格相对于名词复数来说,考的频率没有名词复数高,但是同样也需要掌握。做题时,注意理解句子意思,当句子意思中明确含有“某人的,谁谁谁的”,要变名词所有格。(注:当给出的提示词为名词,而横线后的词也是一个名词时,注意判断此处横线内要填的词基本可以判断为起的是形容词的作用,即填入名词所有格形式。)
知识点2名词派生为形容词、动词等
1.有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en
wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal
politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial
commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
知识点3名词所有格
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
考向1 考查名词的单复数形式
例1 (2024·北京·高考真题 A)To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
【答案】 14. boundaries
14.考场名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
例2 (2023年北京卷)Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city) from coastal winds.
【答案】cities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。
思维建模 判断名词复数方法
【变式训练1】As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
【答案】times
【解析】考查名词。句意:由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了,服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。
【变式训练2】These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【答案】favorites
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
【变式训练3】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
考向2 考查名词派生为形容词、动词等
例1(2025年北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s ____11____ (peace), especially around sunset.
【答案】peaceful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
【变式训练1】The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
【变式训练2】 The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】remarkable
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
考向3 考查名词的所有格
例1 Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to ________ (people) favourite tastes.
【答案】people's
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:饺子可以根据人们喜爱的口味,填入不同种类的肉类和蔬菜。结合语意可知,people与favourite tastes为所属关系
所以此空应填名词所有格people’s作定语,修饰favourite tastes。故填people's。
思维建模 名词的所有格解题思路
【变式训练1】“I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】people’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people’s,作定语。故填people’s。
【变式训练2】A (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
【答案】student’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己的,学生必须把教育放在第一位。根据后面的college experience可知,横线上是说学生的经历。故填student’s。
考点四 提示词是形容词、副词
形容词与副词一般放一起考。给形容词我们考虑填其副词形式,或者考查形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。做题时候要注意看此处缺形容词还是副词,注意看是否考查词的等级。
时刻记住:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子。
Tips1:
做题步骤1——当横线后(或者横线前)的词为动词,或者横线后的词为形容词,而给出的提示词又是形容词时,该横线处填入的是副词;
做题步骤2——当给出的提示词为形容词,而横线处是修饰整个句子的,横线内也填入副词;
做题步骤3——当给出的提示词为形容词,而句中有more, than, much,even 等词时提示我们此空要用比较级;如果有the,most等词,填入最高级。有时要先变副词再变副词最高级,做题时注意看被修饰的是名词还是动词等。【比较级特殊句式: the +比较级… the +比较级…(越……越……);最高级特殊句式:one of+the +最高级+名词复数“最…其中之一】
Tips2:
常考的副词还有一个是在没有给出提示词时的表示句子逻辑关系的,经常出现在句首。表转折关系的however就经常考。
知识点1 形容词转化为副词和名词
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别
例词
形容词+后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-y
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词,直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词,加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
(1)形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est) 转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
(2)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
【名师提醒】
有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)形容词、副词的比较级必背的句型
1. 几种常见的比较级考查点:
(1) 句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。
(2) 句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。
(3) 表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。
(4) 常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有 much,far,still,even,rather,a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等。
2. 平级比较的两个基本句式:
(1) as+形容词(副词)原级+as..“和……一样”。 not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...“不如……”。
(2) as+形容词原级a(n)+n.as..“和……一样”。
3. 否定词no,not,never等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义
4. 最高级的一个基本结构:
句中常有比较的范围,如of all, in all,表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构。
考向1 形容词转化为副词和名词
例1 (2023年北京卷) I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I threw 21 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 22 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 23 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】 22.exactly
【解析】考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time,应用副词exactly,作状语。故填exactly。
【变式训练1】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。副词rarely修饰后面的形容词 enough“足够的”, rarely enough “几乎不够”。
【变式训练2】The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【答案】originally
【解析】考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
考向2 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
例1 (2025年北京卷)When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____14____ (long).
【答案】14.longer
【解析】14.考查比较级。句意:也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。故填longer。
【变式训练1】Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
【变式训练2】Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【答案】simpler
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
【变式训练3】In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
【答案】 highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。
考点五 提示词是代词和数词
知识点1 提示词是代词
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
代词解题注意事项
1.通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2.理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
3.通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
知识点2 提示词是数词
一、 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。(易错词已标出)
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth
nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
二、 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考向1 考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
例1 (2019年北京卷)Nervously 2 (face)challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I)the two simple words "Be yourself" .
【答案】myself
【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 "Be yourself" 。本句的主语是I,当主语与宾语是同一人时,宾语要用反身代词。根据语义可知,应填写 "我自己" ,故填myself。
【变式训练1】This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
【变式训练2】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
考向2 考查其序数词或其他形式
例1 Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
【答案】sixth
【解析】考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
【变式训练1】 The lady still keeps jogging even in her ________ (ninety) to have a healthy lifestyle.
【答案】nineties
【解析】考查介词短语和数词。句意:这位女士即便九十多岁了,仍坚持慢跑以保持健康的生活方式。"in+ one's+整十基数词的复数”是固定短语意为“在某人几十多岁时”,ninety的复数形式是nineties。故填nineties。
【变式训练2】 Explaining to a friend how to find his apartment, he said, “Come up to the ____________ (five) floor and ring the doorbell with your finger.”
【答案】fifth
【解析】考查序数词。句意:在向朋友解释如何找到他的公寓时,他说:“到五楼,用你的手指按门铃。”分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词foor,应填序数词表示顺序,“第五”是fifth。故填fifth。
04真题溯源·考向感知
2025年北京卷真题
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s ____11____ (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). The truth, though, is ____13____could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
【答案】11.peaceful 12.scared 13.what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大多数放学后和狗Nick在森林散步的时光。
11.考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”,“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
13.考查表语从句引导词。句意:不过,真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导,what在从句中作主语,意为“…… 的事情”。故填what
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____14____ (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
【答案】14.longer 15.had made 16.are achieved
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了做选择是生活的一部分及如何做出更好的选择。
14.考查比较级。句意:也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。故填longer。
15.考查时态。句意:当你刷牙的时候,你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。故填had made。
16.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:通常,通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略,可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语better outcomes是复数,be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
C
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When ____17____ (travel) , we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come ____20____ the planet’s expense.
【答案】17.traveling 18.left 19.which 20.at
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出旅行时人们会接触不同文化和经历,但据世界野生动物基金会报告,去年游客产生大量食物垃圾,对全球气体排放有影响。为减少影响,人们可采取如出发前清空冰箱、选择可持续餐饮等简单措施,强调探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。
17.考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。
18.考查时态。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
20.考查固定搭配。句意:毕竟,探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one’s expense“以…… 为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。
2024年北京卷真题
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
【答案】11. to rest 12. self-awareness 13. gives 14. boundaries
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慢下来对个人成长的重要意义。
【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“花时间做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
【12题详解】考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
【13题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。
【14题详解】考场名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On April 5 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
【答案】15. was named 16. asked 17. who
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。
【15题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词使用was。故填was named。
【16题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
C
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ___18___ myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
【答案】18. to 19. knocking 20. jogged
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为一个掉落东西的男孩提供帮助的故事。
【18题详解】考查介词。句意:我心想,“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着?”think to oneself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”,符合语境。故填to。
【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:就在这时,一些孩子朝他跑来,把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran,空处作非谓语动词,knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
【20题详解】考查时态。句意:我很同情他,然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句,空处作后句谓语,根据句中went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
2023年北京卷
A
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】11. would throw 12. exactly 13. had arrived
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。
【11题详解】考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
【12题详解】考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly,故填exactly。
【13题详解】考查时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
B
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】14. seen 15. cities 16. has established
【导语】本文是说明文。红树林,生长在陆地和海洋之间,有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭,到目前为止,中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
【14题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when they are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。
【15题详解】考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。
【16题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。
C
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【答案】17. to 18. where 19. to address 20. facing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
【17题详解】考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。
【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。
【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。
2022年北京卷
A
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】11. in 12. to harm 13 caught
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
11.【解析】考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。故in。
12.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
13.【解析】考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
B
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】14. supported 15 whether 16. has
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
14.【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
15.【解析】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
16.【解析】
考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
C
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】17. themselves 18. which 19. worse 20. has increased
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。
1.考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只有一种用途。分析可知,most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups, bottles, and bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前,所以此处用worse,故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意:自从2019年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。
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