UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Using language(Word教参)-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅲ　Using language 语法项目——非限制性定语从句 语境中体悟 Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, and a key event occurred one day in 1976, when② he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering. This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many. [语法入门] ①who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rowan Atkinson； ②when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1976； ③which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子； ④where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Oxford； ⑤“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词fast cars，介词of和从句中的宾语many搭配，构成many of fast cars。 学案中理清 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 [先感知] ①(教材典句)I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. ②(教材典句)Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. ③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. [会发现] 句①中where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the waiting area。 句②中which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句内容。 句③中which/that引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a place。此时，that, which可以互换。 [明规则] 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或解释、说明，若去掉从句，主句意思依然完整 结构 要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功能 修饰某个名词或代词 修饰某个名词/代词或整个主句 引导 词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 that及why之外的关系代词或关系副词 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)There used to be a famous educator, who left a profound impact on Chinese society. 曾经有一位著名的教育家，他给中国社会留下了深远的影响。 ②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It was a valuable and enriching experience, from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants. 这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。 ③They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing. 他们在山区欣赏了美景，在那里他们还爬了山。 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 [先感知] ①(教材典句)People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. ②(教材典句)We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient. ③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy. ④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time. [会发现] 句①②中的关系词在句中作主语。 句③④中的关系词在句中作状语， when 和where可以用介词＋关系代词替换。 [明规则] 关系词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 关系代词 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语 whose(＝of whom或of which) 人/物 定语 as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 通常是 地点名词 地点状语 [对点练] (1)用适当的关系词填空 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Like in typical families, where boys were favoured much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. ②(2024·北京高考)I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. ③(2024·北京高考)Tinniswood, who doesn't smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. ④(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. (2)完成句子 ⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art. 大多数学生对这次展览评价很高，它为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。 ⑥He once founded a Children Foundation, whose aim was/which aimed to help the poor children in the world. 他曾经成立了一个儿童基金会，目的是帮助世界各地的贫困儿童。 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 [先感知] ①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun. ②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success. ③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now. [会发现] 句①②中的定语从句由as引导，位置比较灵活。 句③中的定语从句由which引导，只能放在主句之后。 [明规则] as which 指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后 意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 [名师点津]　as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。 [对点练]　(选词填空：as/which) ①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． ②(2024·北京高考)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices. ③There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science. ④As we all know, he is a gifted pianist. 应用中融通 用恰当的关系词填空 Most people have never heard of Tim Berners-Lee.He is not as famous as Einstein, ①whose name has become very well known. Berners-Lee, ②who works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. He was born in England in 1955. His parents, ③who helped design the world's first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of maths and learning. In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at a physics laboratory in Switzerland, ④where he needed to learn a lot of material quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of the things ⑤that/which he couldn't remember.He designed a software program ⑥that/which allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents.He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s. In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web.The number of people ⑦who/that used the Internet started to grow quickly. However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way in ⑧which the Web has developed.It has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ⑨that/which he had imagined. In 1999, he published a book called Weaving the Web, ⑩where he answered questions he was often asked. 教材听力“再利用” 一、由听力厚积语料库 1．grin from ear to ear　　 咧嘴大笑 2．laugh one's head off 开怀大笑 3．be all smiles 满面笑容；眉开眼笑 4．laughing stock 笑柄；笑料 5．crack a smile 笑了起来 6．fall over 摔倒；跌倒；倒下 7．be similar to 与……类似 8．be pretty annoyed 很生气 9．convince yourself of ... 使自己确信…… 10．fall for 对……信以为真 二、教材录音材料的发掘训练 1．How many practical jokes are mentioned in the radio programme? A．Two.　　　B．Three.　　　　C．Four. 2．When did the oldest recorded April Fool's joke take place? A．In 1698. B．In 1957. C．In 1965. 3．Which joke is Mark's favourite one? A．The “washing of the lions” joke. B．The “Smellovision” joke. C．The “spaghetti tree” joke. 答案：1～3　BAC 三、依据教材听力完成句子 1．As you know, today is the 1st of April or, as we call it, April Fool's Day. 2．Let's start with the oldest recorded April Fool's joke, which took place on the lst of April 1698. 3．Apparently, this practical joke worked so well that it was played on visitors throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. 4．I'd be pretty annoyed if someone did that to me. 5．How on earth did people actually believe that there was such a thing as “Smellovision”？ 四、听说交际训练 请根据本课出现的关于笑的表达方式以及本课其他的短语和句式补全下面对话。 A：Look at Tom. He ①is grinning from ear to ear (正咧嘴大笑)． B：Yeah, he seems to be in a really good mood. He's ②all smiles (满面笑容)． A：Well, unlike last week. Remember when he made that silly mistake during the presentation? He was the ③laughing stock (笑柄) of the office for a while. B：Oh, right. But he seems to have moved on. I'm glad to see he can ④crack a smile (笑了起来) again so easily. A：He ⑤deserves a second chance (值得再有一次机会) to become the best clerk in the department. B：I agree. He spends most of his time ⑥helping others (帮助他人). 听力素材“多积累” 1．laugh loud　　　　　　 大声笑 2．have fun 过得愉快 3．crosstalk 相声 4．tell jokes 讲笑话 5．sense of humour 幽默感 6．laughing stock 笑料，笑柄 7．play jokes/a joke 开玩笑 8．talk show 脱口秀 9．a funny story 滑稽的故事 10．roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 11．That's so funny! 太有趣了！ 12．I can imagine how amusing it is. 我能想象到那有多好笑。 13．The incident made the listeners burst into laughter. 这个小插曲使听众哄然大笑。 14．He looked so funny that we all roared. 他看上去那么滑稽，以至于我们都哈哈大笑。 1．★impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象；使铭记 |用|法|感|知| •(“景物描写”佳句)The West Lake impresses visitors with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors each year. 西湖的美给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象，每年吸引着数以百万计的游客。 •I just came back from a trip to Xi'an and I was very impressed with the long history of the city. 我刚从西安旅游回来，这个城市悠久的历史给我留下了深刻的印象。 •(“景物描写”佳句)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they make a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad. 九寨沟的景色如此迷人，给国内外游客留下了深刻的印象。 [归纳点拨] (1)impress sth.on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事；使某人明白某事 impress sb. with ... ……给某人留下深刻印象 be impressed by/with ... 对……印象深刻 (2)impression n. 印象；感想；影响 leave/make/have a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象 have/get a good/bad impression of ... 对……的印象好/不好 (3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①My first impression (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. ②Thanks to our wonderful and impressive (impress) performance, we finally won the first prize. ③We felt at home with her and were impressed with/by the depth of her knowledge. ④My parents impressed on/upon me the importance of receiving a good education. (2)一句多译 给我留下深刻印象的是他们处理任何问题的能力。 ⑤What impressed me deeply was their ability to deal with any problem.(主语从句) ⑥I was deeply impressed by/with their ability to deal with any problem.(impress) ⑦Their ability to deal with any problem made/left/had a deep impression on me.(impression) 2．We all deserve a second chance, I guess. 我想我们都应该有第二次机会。 ★deserve v．应得，应受到；值得 |用|法|感|知| •(主旨升华句)No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays an important part in society and therefore deserves our respect. 无论一份工作多么普通，它在社会中都起着重要作用，所以值得我们的尊重。 •(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)His book not only changed the world at the time; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today. 他的书不仅在当时改变了世界，在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读。 归纳点拨 deserve to do sth.　值得做某事；应该做某事 deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做 deserve consideration/attention/praise/respect 值得考虑/注意/表扬/尊重 名师点津 deserve后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。与deserve用法相同的动词还有need, want, require等。 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①All the students came to realize that everyone deserved to be treated with respect and warmth. 所有的学生都意识到应该用尊重和温暖来对待每个人。 ②Since he had broken the rule, he deserved punishing/to be punished. 因为他违反了规定，他应受惩罚。 ③What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve considering/to be considered/consideration. 首先应保持一种开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。 [课时跟踪检测]　　　(标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 Jokes and humour are often thought of as unimportant. If the lawyer defending you in court couldn't stop joking, you'd be understandably alarmed. However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake. Humour, jokes and laughter have a vital role to play in human behaviour and interaction. They are a powerful part of social bonding and are genuinely beneficial for health via their stress-relieving properties. Why do we respond, in such powerful and rewarding ways, to things that objectively make little sense? A substantial amount of data has been generated regarding how humour works in the brain and on the various types of recognisable jokes that trigger it. Verbal puns, the most familiar type of joke, involve words that convey two meanings at once. For example，“Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers? In case he got a hole in one.” Here “hole in one” has two possible interpretations. Their simplicity and familiarity mean most people recognise the humour in puns. So, the brain's humour processes are still engaged. But where does humour arise from in the brain? Considerable research points towards a specific system in the brain for recognizing humour. This system seemingly detects and resolves incongruity (不和谐). Our brains know how things, like language and behaviors, should work. But, in the real world, many things don't match our expectations. It seems our brains have evolved a system to recognise when this happens. If normality is subverted, it means we don't know what's going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension. However, the system that recognises incongruity seemingly also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, relieving the tension. So, we experience a rewarding feeling. If the incongruity is not resolved, however, humour is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers？” is “in case the metal owl that lives in his gold bag attacks him”， that's not funny. There's unresolved incongruity. Humour is essentially our brain going，“This isn't how things usually work ... but I'm okay with it！” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在听到笑话，并理解其中的幽默感时，大脑的工作机制。 1．What does the author say about humour in the first two paragraphs? A．Its positive role is often underrated. B．It mainly serves to entertain and amuse. C．Its harmful effects shouldn't be ignored. D．It is essential for professional communication. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Jokes and humour are often thought of as unimportant.”和第二段的“However, regarding humour as insignificant is a mistake.”可知，幽默给人们带来的积极作用和影响经常被低估。故选A。 2．Why does the author mention the “hole in one” example in paragraph 4? A．To prove a theory. B．To draw a conclusion. C．To illustrate a concept. D．To make a comparison. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，此处在对pun(双关语)进一步的举例解释说明。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “subverted” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Detected. B．Overturned. C．Established. D．Repeated. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第五段的“But, in the real ...when this happens.”以及画线词后文“it means we don't know what's going to happen, which creates cognitive (认知) tension”可知，此处指的是正常的符合人们预期的表达被颠覆或者推翻会造成大脑的紧张感。故画线词意思是“推翻”。故选B。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Jokes Affect Brain Structures B．Using Humour to Boost Brain Power C．Jokes and the Brain's Reward System D．Unlocking Brain Secrets Behind Humour 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文旨在介绍人们在听到幽默或者笑话时，大脑是如何进行信息加工和处理，以便于人们能够领悟幽默感。D选项“解开幽默背后的大脑秘密”最符合文章标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 It amazed me — every time I saw Joe he was smiling. It made me 5 why he always seemed so 6 . Having observed Joe with other people, I also 7 something else. Joe asked people how they were doing, and really seemed to listen to their 8 . He was compassionate (有同情心的) if someone was 9 . He would have 10 words and offer to 11 in any way he could. It made me think what if I tried to 12 more. So when I went to a 13 to do some shopping, I smiled as I walked. And people even I didn't know smiled back at me. Some even spoke! A little kid in the cart who was giving his mother a hard time saw me smile and 14 talking. Instead, he made a shy smile at me. A man in his wheelchair needed someone to 15 something. I got that for him, and he smiled and 16 me. A smile is a 17 thing, but what if we were all to try to smile a few more times each day? I couldn't believe how 18 I felt. What I 19 was that such a small thing could make not only me feel great, but those around me as well. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过身边人的事例，认为微笑不仅能让自己感觉很棒，也能让周围的人感到很舒服。 5．A.wonder　　　　　　 B．advise C．feel D．care 解析：选A　根据上文“It amazed me — every time I saw Joe he was smiling.”可知，作者感到非常惊讶，因此想要知道为什么他看起来这么快乐。故选A。 6．A.angry B．funny C．happy D．proud 解析：选C　根据上文“It amazed me — every time I saw Joe he was smiling.”可知，乔一直在笑，因此他看起来特别的快乐。故选C。 7．A.believed B．noticed C．recorded D．wished 解析：选B　根据上文“Having observed Joe with other people”可知，作者观察乔和别人相处之后，应该是注意到一些事情。故选B。 8．A.answers B．suggestions C．ideas D．programs 解析：选A　根据上文“Joe asked people how they were doing”可知，问过别人问题之后应该会对问题进行回答。 故选A。 9．A.happy B．hurt C．eager D．nervous 解析：选B　根据上文“He was compassionate (有同情心的)”可知，有人受伤的话，乔会同情别人。故选B。 10．A.cold B．sad C．silly D．kind 解析：选D　根据上文“He was compassionate (有同情心的) if someone was .”可知，乔是一个富有同情心的人，因此在别人受伤的时候，会说一些好心的话安慰别人。故选D。 11．A.advise B．check C．run D．help 解析：选D　根据上文“He was compassionate (有同情心的) if someone was .”可知，乔是一个富有同情心的人，因此在看到别人需要帮助的时候就会给予别人帮助。故选D。 12．A.complain B．smile C．speak D．communicate 解析：选B　根据下文“I smiled as I walked”可知，作者受到乔对别人微笑的感染，也尝试着多微笑。故选B。 13．A.mall B．school C．company D．bank 解析：选A　根据下文“to do some shopping”可知，作者是去了商场。故选A。 14．A.began B．enjoyed C．stopped D．continued 解析：选C　根据下文“Instead, he made a shy smile at me.”可知，推车里的小孩看到作者对他笑了之后就没有再缠着他妈妈，反而羞涩地向作者笑了笑。故选C。 15．A.entertain B．take C．reach D．pull 解析：选C　根据下文“I got that for him”可知，坐在轮椅上的人拿取东西不方便，需要别人帮他拿。故选C。 16．A.helped B．thanked C．remembered D．refused 解析：选B　根据常识可知，得到别人的帮助时，要感谢别人。故选B。 17．A.great B．real C．small D．special 解析：选C　根据常识可知，微笑是人的本能，是一件非常小的事情。故选C。 18．A.beautiful B．popular C．fortunate D．wonderful 解析：选D　根据下文“that such a small thing could make not only me feel great, but those around me as well”可知，作者认为对别人微笑让自己感觉很好。故选D。 19．A.talked B．wanted C．learned D．written 解析：选C　根据下文“that such a small thing could make not only me feel great, but those around me as well”可知，这是作者在看到乔对别人微笑后，结合自己的生活实际了解到微笑不仅让自己感觉很好，也会让周围的人感觉很好这一哲理。故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空() What on earth does happiness mean? I can't give you its exact definition, but I am sure 20 you love and help others, you'll get it. I'll never forget an old lady, 21 lives in a small house alone. It's said that her husband and her son 22 (die) in a road accident years ago. Her life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first 23 (clean) the paths. She looks after several children 24 (live) nearby. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of 25 (laugh) and love. But I'm sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They talk 26 (noisy) in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy 27 (they) and they laugh at others' shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy 28 that time, but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality already. Now I know 29 happiness is. It means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要针对幸福的定义进行了讨论，通过不同的例子说明幸福对不同的人来说意义不同。作者认为幸福意味着善良、爱和无私。最重要的是，给别人带来幸福就是给自己带来幸福。 20．if　考查状语从句。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。 21．who　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an old lady，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导。 22．died　考查动词时态。根据后文years ago可知用一般过去时。 23．to clean　考查非谓语动词。句意：每当下雪的时候，她总是第一个清理小路。表示“第一个做某事”应用the first to do sth.。 24．living　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语children构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。 25．laughter　考查名词。空处作of的宾语，表示“笑声”应用名词laughter，laughter为不可数名词，故用单数形式。 26．noisily　考查副词。修饰动词talk应用副词noisily，作状语。 27．themselves　考查代词。句意：他们在电影院和会议室里大声交谈；他们破坏树木娱乐自己；他们嘲笑别人的缺点。结合句意，表示“娱乐自己”应用enjoy oneself。 28．at　考查介词。句意：也许他们在那个时候感到幸福，但他们永远不会得到真正的幸福，因为他们已经失去了他们的个性。结合句意，表示“在那个时候”应用at that time。 29．what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示“什么”应用what。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$