专题17 七选五15篇-备战2026年高考英语一轮复习零失误必刷题（高考真题+拔高创新创新模拟）

专题17 七选五 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 目录 1. 高考真题练 2. 创新基础练 3. 高考模拟练 一 高考真题练 1.（2025·北京·高考真题）What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 5 A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 2.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 6 Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 7 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 8 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 9 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 10 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B．She has two children aged eight and four. C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G．She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 3.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 11 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 12 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 13 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 14 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 15 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 4.（2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 16 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 17 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 18 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 19 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 20 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 5.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 21 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 22 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 23 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 24 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 25 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 二 创新基础练 Passage 1 We’ve been spending a lot of time indoors because of COVID-19, but could we make our homes healthier? Open your windows 1 Pollutants include mould, building materials and products you use around the home. Fine particles can get into the lungs, bloodstream and organs. Poor indoor air quality has been linked to asthma, COPD and even lung cancer. Keep your home ventilated as often and for as long as possible. 2 When you come in from the outside, you’re tramping all sorts of dirt into your inner sanctum. Beyond the ubiquitous dog mess and chewing gum, your footwear can also carry unhealthy dust from traffic fumes, oils and other harmful chemicals. Keep your slippers by the front door. Get rid of carpets They harbour germs and pollutants, from dust mites to pet dander to pesticides, catching anything that’s floating in the air in your home — even when you’re particular about vacuum cleaning. The materials used to make synthetic (人造的) carpets and the compounds they emit add to indoor pollution, triggering or aggravating allergic reactions, respiratory and heart problems. 3 Beware of fat-pack furniture MDF in shelving and modern furniture often contains formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound (VOC) classed as a carcinogen (致癌物). 4 Whether cancer-causing or not, formaldehyde has reportedly been linked with itchy eyes, sore throats, headaches and runny noses. To avoid your building becoming sick because of MDF, opt for solid wood. Cut out candles Reduce indoor pollution by forgoing scented candles and air fresheners. These release chemicals which turn into our old friend — formaldehyde — when they reach the air. 5 A．Take off your shoes B．Consider wood flooring, linoleum or tiles. C．Remove some useless furniture D．Candles also give off soot, which, again, is not good for our lungs. E．The air circulating indoors is up to five times more polluted than what’s wafting around outside. F．Solid wood is available for every home. G．It’s found in the resin that binds the wood dust and scrap together. Passage 2 Learning to cook is strange. It’s a necessary life skill, not to mention a source of tremendous pleasure for oneself and one’s family; but unless you learn while growing up, it can feel daunting to acquire those skills. When it comes to cooking there’s a sense that people are left to teach themselves unless, of course, they choose to stick with a lifetime of mediocre meals. 6 . If you want to improve your cooking skills, this is what you should do. Narrow It Down 7 . Don’t stretch yourself too thin or keep trying new recipes until you’ve become comfortable with a few basics. You can also choose five to eight recipes and practice those repeatedly to build a culinary repertoire. Watch Videos Online Internet is a wealth of visual knowledge that goes a long way toward improving cooking skills. My husband loves watching videos about cooking and will recreate entire meals from what he sees. 8 . Read the Whole Recipe It’s crucial to read an entire recipe from start to finish before you start cooking. This eliminates any potential surprises that could derail your success and provides you with a chance to review the ingredients you have and what could be substituted. 9 . Develop and Trust Your Senses 10 . Stick a fork or a toothpick into a cake to make sure it’s not doughy inside. Listen for the crackle of a bread crust. Taste and smell food to see if it’s cooked to your liking, or if it needs longer. Learn how to use all five of your senses to tell if food is ready. A．Few things can ruin a recipe faster than feeling rushed B．It also gives you a better sense of the “underlying mechanics of what is happening”, which improves your overall cooking skills C．Figure out what you like to eat and focus on learning how to make that well D．Recommended cooking times are just estimates, so rely on your own tests to confirm if a dish is finished E．I use it when I need specialized knowledge, such as how to cut up a whole chicken into eight parts F．The more you do it, the better you’ll get, so just keep cooking G．So I compiled a list of thoughts and ideas on how to go about teaching oneself to cook Passage 3 An ancient Chinese culture dating back to more than 5,000 years witnessed China’s early exchanges with foreign countries, experts said. 11 It is at a recent symposium held in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. The Majiayao culture is in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries. 12 Swedish archaeologist Johan Gunnar Anderson first investigated these cultural ruins in 1924. 13 “This culture spread to Central Asia via China’s Xinjiang, bringing millet from China to the west,” said Han Jianye, a history professor from Renmin University of China. “Decorations with Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery items in Majiayao, in addition to sheep and cattle from the west,” Han added. “ 14 Similarities are clear from the items from the two sites,” said Tang Huisheng, a professor from Hebei Normal University. Some experts pointed out that the Majiayao culture also shares similarities with the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture at the western and the northern parts of the Black Sea regarding decorations and shapes of painted pottery ware. “The two cultures thrived and declined around the same time,” said Li Xinwei, a researcher from the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. “ 15 ” In recent years, efforts have been enhanced to protect the Majiayao culture by building thematic museums, organizing academic symposiums, and conducting more research. A．The Majiayao culture also had interactions with the Harappan culture of India. B．People from the two cultures also used pottery to make human head statues. C．In the 1940s, prominent Chinese archaeologist Xia Nai named the ruins the Majiayao culture, with glamorous painted pottery as its most striking feature. D．With more than 5,000 years of history, it forms a significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization. E．Governments are trying best to preserve the site for its historical value. F．A number of scholars expressed such views regarding the Majiayao culture. G．In recent years, Majiayao culture has caught people’s attention. Passage 4 Turning off just half the lights in a big building at night can result in up to 11 times fewer bird collisions, a new study finds. 16 . But light pollution from buildings attracts and confuses many birds, causing them to fly toward the light. Each year, as many as 1 billion birds are killed in the United States from collisions with buildings and glass windows. 17 . On nights when fewer lights were on at McCormick Place because of construction work or holidays, there were fewer dead birds on the ground the next morning. He began collecting data on light patterns, as well as gathering the birds he found on the sidewalk. He quickly saw there was a link between the number of lights and the number of collisions. In the new study, researchers added more sophistication to that earlier work. “Our study combined records collected by David Willard and other Field Museum scientists with information on weather conditions and the number of migrating birds flying over Chicago each night,” Benjamin Van Doren, a postdoctoral associate at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the paper’s first author, tells Treehugger. The team used Doppler radar to measure the number of birds that were migrating over the city each night. 18 . “The McCormick Center played a key role in this study because it’s a large building on the lakefront with large windows with lots of light output,” says Van Doren. “ 19 ,” he says. Many cities have joined Lights Out campaigns, which voluntarily urge property managers and homeowners to turn off unnecessary external and internal lights at night to protect birds during the migration season. The National Audubon Society created the first Lights Out program in 1999 in Chicago. 20 , including Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D．C． A．I am excited by the potential to apply our results to make a difference B．But McCormick Place is only one example of a wider problem of light pollution C．Now there are more than forty cities with Lights Out programs D．Most birds migrate at night using light from the night sky E．They also used information about weather conditions from a local airport F．Few birds migrate at night using lights from the night sky G．Years ago, Willard began noticing a pattern Passage 5 Stephen Hawking was a scientist known for his work with black holes and relativity, and the author of popular science books like A Brief History of Time. Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England. 21 The political climate was also tense. The couple was living as Frank Hawking undertook research in medicine. Hawking’s father wanted him to go into medicine. 22 That was evident to his mother, who, along with her children, often stretched out in the backyard on summer evenings to stare up at the stars. “Stephen always had a strong sense of wonder,” she remembered. “And I could see that the stars would draw him.” Early in his academic life, Hawking, while recognized as bright, was not an exceptional student. 23 But Hawking focused on pursuits outside of school; he loved board games, and he and a few close friends created new games of their own. During his teens, Hawking, along with several friends, constructed a computer out of recycled parts for solving rudimentary mathematical equations. 24 He would later calculate that he averaged about an hour a day focusing on school. And yet he didn’t really have to do much more than that. In 1962, he graduated with honors in natural science and went on to attend Trinity Hall at the University of Cambridge for a Ph.D．in cosmology. 25 The next few years were a fruitful time for Hawking and his research. In 1973, he published his first, highly-technical book, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, with G. F. R. Ellis. A．Hawking’s birth came at an improper time for his parents, who didn’t have much money. B．With his sister Mary, Hawking devised different entry routes into the family home. C．He loved to dance and also took an interest in rowing, becoming a team coxswain (舵手) in college. D．But at an early age, Hawking showed a passion for science and the sky. E．By his own account, Hawking didn’t put much time into his studies. F．In 1968, Hawking became a member of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. G．During his first year at St. Albans School, he was the third from the bottom of his class. 三 高考模拟练 1.【山东省青岛第二中学2025年高三模拟试题】 When I think of my friends, I am mostly filled with love and warmth: I simply can’t wait to see them again for their affection and support. 1 In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can drain (耗尽) all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies, who psychologists call “ambivalent relationships”. These love-hate relationships could include a friend, a parent, a colleague or even a husband or wife. Their ambivalence can come in many forms. 2 It could be a partner love-bombing you one day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving you unsure about their true feelings. 3 At the very least, you would expect them to be better for us than our negative relationships. Unfortunately, research suggests things aren’t so simple. A team at the University of Utah asked people to take a reaction-time test and they found that rapidly flashing the name of an ambivalent connection on a screen intensified stress response of participants. Another study at Brigham Young University found that simply knowing an ambivalent connection was nearby as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. 4 Cutting ties with our ambivalent connections isn’t always possible or desirable if they are deeply mixed into our social network. So, what can be done? Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. We can manage our expectations and mentally prepare ourselves for the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. 5 As importantly, be a little more mindful of any interactions with all our ties. Show others the appreciation and respect we feel for them, for accidental neglect could be taken as a sign of indifference. A．We hope the good in such relationships outweighs the bad. B．If someone is too negative, you might decide to cut contact. C．It might be a friend who is often unavailable when you need support. D．This helps us focus on their positives while empathizing with the negatives. E．In fact, even unconscious reminders of a frenemy can break our peace of mind. F．After all, social connection benefits come from feeling understood and supported. G．A handful, however, arouse different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and dread. 2.【2026届陕西省咸阳市高新一中高三7月高考摸底英语试题 】 Today, people live in a digital world where information is gained in small pieces, but nothing beats the benefits of opening a book. From gaining knowledge from a self-help book to enjoying a fictional fantasy world, reading books opens you up to a world of possibilities. But, when was the last time you read a book? 6 . Here are four things you can do to get excited about reading books. Find books that genuinely interest you. It can be exciting to buy a popular novel or bestseller. But if the bestseller is a self-help book but you only enjoy reading fiction. It’s probably not going to work out so well for you. Perhaps you’ll start it and not finish it or not enjoy it. 7 . Keep a book with you at all times. You know how you look at your phone many times, not necessarily because you need it, but simply because it’s there. 8 . Just keep a book with you at all times. That way you can pick it up and read it wherever you are. 9 If reading is important to you and you want to make it a priority, you’d better have a set time for reading. Perhaps you want to read right before going to sleep, or maybe you prefer reading during your lunch break. Whatever the case may be, finding a set time to read will help you read more. Make reading a social experience. Reading doesn’t have to be a lonely experience. 10 . Not only can you have fun reading the book, you can also get into passionate discussions about it with other people, which can add to your enjoyment. A．Take up a reading challenge. B．Set aside a specific time to read. C．Maybe you can do that with a book as well. D．Is it difficult for you to find the time to read? E．So keep your eyes open for books that interest you. F．Is it challenging to understand the book you pick up? G．Joining a book club is a great way to get connected to other book-lovers. 3.【湖北省武汉市硚口区2025-2026学年高三质量检测试卷】 Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day — but in minutes, not dollars. 11 It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time. Many of the money management practices can also be applied to your “time currency.” But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 12 Find out where your time is going now. 13 Include your work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media. Invest a few minutes every morning to plan and organize. Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time, stretching the time you have. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says. You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively. 14 When you have missions (任务), instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them. It’s more efficient to finish “little one - off” tasks. At the end of the day, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement.” 15 Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says. A．Write down everything you do in a day. B．Try these simple steps to take control of your clock. C．Time is one of the most limited resources for people. D．Grouping small tasks into one proves helpful in daily produce. E．Focus on what you’re doing and avoid repeating the same process. F．The most important tasks are not necessarily the most pressing ones. G．Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow. 4.【2026届浙江省鄞州中学等十二校联考高三试卷】 Building a DIY herb garden is a rewarding endeavor that allows you to enjoy fresh, homegrown herbs right at your fingertips. Whether you’ re an experienced gardener or a beginner, a well- maintained herb garden can enhance your cooking, add beauty to your space, and even provide a sense of relaxation. 16 By following these practical steps, you can create a thriving herb garden that will serve you well for seasons to come. 17 The first crucial step is choosing the right location for your herb garden. Most herbs thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, some herbs like mint and parsley can tolerate partial shade. Consider the amount of sunlight your chosen spot receives throughout the day. 18 If you live in an area with strong winds, find a sheltered location or use windbreaks to protect your delicate herbs. Select the herbs that suit your needs and growing conditions. Think about which herbs you use most frequently in your cooking. Basil, thyme, rosemary, and oregano are popular choices for enhancing the flavor of Italian dishes. 19 If you have limited space, opt for compact varieties or herbs that can be grown in containers. Also, take into account your local climate. Some herbs are more cold- hardy, while others prefer warmer temperatures. Prepare the soil properly before planting. Herbs generally prefer well- drained soil that is rich in organic matter. You can improve the soil quality by adding compost, aged manure, or peat moss. 20 This helps the roots of the herbs grow easily. Avoid using heavy, clay- like soil that can retain too much water and cause the roots to rot. With the right planning and care, your DIY herb garden will not only provide you with a bountiful supply of fresh herbs but also become a delightful addition to your home. A．However, it’s important to ensure good air circulation around the plants as well. B．Lavender, on the other hand, is not only great for baking but also has a soothing aroma. C．But achieving a successful herb garden requires careful planning and the right techniques. D．Use a garden fork or tiller to loosen the soil to a depth of about 8-10 inches. E．Determine the size of your garden based on the available space and the number of herbs you want to grow. F．Also, consider the proximity to a water source, as regular watering is essential for herb growth. G．Make sure to space the plants according to their mature size to prevent overcrowding. 5.【2025年河南省高三模拟试题】 In traditional Chinese culture, there is a saying —“All things have a beginning, but few can reach the end.” It comes from The Book of Songs, China's first anthology of poems which dates back more than 2,000 years. The expression was initially a criticism of King Zhouli from the Western Zhou Dynasty, a notorious tyrant in Chinese history. He was criticized for constantly changing his orders. 21 Making a good start is not difficult, but it is the perseverance to the very end that is hard. 22 It was often carved on plates or bottles by ancient Chinese people, to remind them to finish what they start. From a wasteland to a sea of forests, the miraculous transformation of Saihanba, the world's largest artificial plantation in north China's Hebei Province, has demonstrated such traditional Chinese philosophy advocating perseverance. 23 Since its establishment, generations of workers have weathered tough conditions there, creating and safeguarding the spectacular different shades of green on the former wasteland. In the first two years after the farm's establishment, more than 2,000 mu of trees were planted. However, only less than 8 percent survived each year. 24 To ensure the survival of the trees, the foresters started to explore scientific and technological breakthroughs and have developed their own technologies on cultivating seedlings and taking care of them. 25 Thanks to consistent efforts over the past decades, the forest farm has been expanded to 1.15 million mu, becoming an important ecological shield for Beijing and adjacent regions. In 2017, the Saihanba afforestation community won the United Nations Champions of the Earth Award for its outstanding contribution to transforming degraded land into a lush green paradise. A．The saying later became a motto. B．The forest farm was founded in 1962. C．That’s due to the severe climate. D．Thus, this brought misery to the people. E．He was attacked for his changeable behaviors. F．Generations of foresters devoted themselves to it. G．The remaining gradually grow into strong ones eventually. - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题17 七选五 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 目录 1. 高考真题练 2. 创新基础练 3. 高考模拟练 一 高考真题练 1.（2025·北京·高考真题）What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. 1 But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. 2 If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. 3 You’re self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are. And you know who you are within all this. So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. 4 We are a social species, so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. 5 A．It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work. C．It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F．You feel like an 18-year old, especially when playing 80s music. G．When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 1．由上文“As Alice Black points out, today’s parents’ fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and, thus, confident in themselves. Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book, The Life Cycle, mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery. (正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. (当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 2．由上文“But Turner’s other cycles are just as important. (但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. (如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. (它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3．由上文“Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. This requires an internal locus (核心) of control, which implies self-control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions. (Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，“做得好”就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words, you’re playing the game of life — life isn’t playing you. (换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 4．由上文“So, being an adult isn’t just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. (所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others. (它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 5．由上文“While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development. (虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. (支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 2.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. 6 Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 7 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 8 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 9 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 10 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B．She has two children aged eight and four. C．Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D．After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G．She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 【答案】6．E 7．D 8．C 9．F 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 6．根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. (课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. (这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。 7．根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. (当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：“你好，今天过得怎么样？”即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. (完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。 8．根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. (我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. (有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。 9．根据上文“Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. (乔安娜・赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文““Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. (赖特说“凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。”)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. (去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F项。 10．根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. (她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. (她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应。故选G项。 3.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 11 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 12 ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 13 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 14 Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 15 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】11．B 12．G 13．E 14．C 15．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 11．根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 12．根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 13．根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 14．根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 15．根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 4.（2024·北京·高考真题）If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 16 And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. 17 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 18 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. 19 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. 20 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A．In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B．They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C．Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D．But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E．However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F．When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G．They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】16．G 17．C 18．D 19．F 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 16．根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 17．根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 18．根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 19．根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 20．根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 5.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 21 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 22 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 23 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 24 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 25 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．E 24．A 25．G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 21．前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions  and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，B选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 22．前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 23．前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。 24．空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 25．前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 二 创新基础练 Passage 1 We’ve been spending a lot of time indoors because of COVID-19, but could we make our homes healthier? Open your windows 1 Pollutants include mould, building materials and products you use around the home. Fine particles can get into the lungs, bloodstream and organs. Poor indoor air quality has been linked to asthma, COPD and even lung cancer. Keep your home ventilated as often and for as long as possible. 2 When you come in from the outside, you’re tramping all sorts of dirt into your inner sanctum. Beyond the ubiquitous dog mess and chewing gum, your footwear can also carry unhealthy dust from traffic fumes, oils and other harmful chemicals. Keep your slippers by the front door. Get rid of carpets They harbour germs and pollutants, from dust mites to pet dander to pesticides, catching anything that’s floating in the air in your home — even when you’re particular about vacuum cleaning. The materials used to make synthetic (人造的) carpets and the compounds they emit add to indoor pollution, triggering or aggravating allergic reactions, respiratory and heart problems. 3 Beware of fat-pack furniture MDF in shelving and modern furniture often contains formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound (VOC) classed as a carcinogen (致癌物). 4 Whether cancer-causing or not, formaldehyde has reportedly been linked with itchy eyes, sore throats, headaches and runny noses. To avoid your building becoming sick because of MDF, opt for solid wood. Cut out candles Reduce indoor pollution by forgoing scented candles and air fresheners. These release chemicals which turn into our old friend — formaldehyde — when they reach the air. 5 A．Take off your shoes B．Consider wood flooring, linoleum or tiles. C．Remove some useless furniture D．Candles also give off soot, which, again, is not good for our lungs. E．The air circulating indoors is up to five times more polluted than what’s wafting around outside. F．Solid wood is available for every home. G．It’s found in the resin that binds the wood dust and scrap together. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍疫情期间让居家环境更健康的若干建议。 1．上文“Open your windows(打开你的窗户)”作为本段小标题，概括本段大意，下文“Pollutants include mould, building materials and products you use around the home.(污染物包括霉菌、建筑材料和你在家中使用的物品)”提到室内污染物的来源，E项“室内循环空气的污染程度可达室外五倍”通过数据强调室内污染严重性，引出下文污染物的来源，从而解释了通风的必要性，符合语境。故选E。 2．下文“When you come in from the outside, you’re tramping all sorts of dirt into your inner sanctum. Beyond the ubiquitous dog mess and chewing gum, your footwear can also carry unhealthy dust from traffic fumes, oils and other harmful chemicals. Keep your slippers by the front door.(当你从外面进来时，会把各种污垢带进你的私密空间。除了无处不在的狗粪和口香糖，你的鞋子还可能携带来自汽车尾气、油污和其他有害化学物质的不健康灰尘。在前门旁放好拖鞋)”指出鞋子会带入有害物质，建议在门口放拖鞋，说明进屋前要脱掉鞋子。A项“脱掉鞋子”概括本段大意，适合作为本段的小标题。故选A。 3．上文“They harbour germs and pollutants, from dust mites to pet dander to pesticides, catching anything that’s floating in the air in your home — even when you’re particular about vacuum cleaning. The materials used to make synthetic carpets and the compounds they emit add to indoor pollution, triggering or aggravating allergic reactions, respiratory and heart problems.(地毯藏匿细菌和污染物，从尘螨到宠物皮屑再到杀虫剂，会捕捉家中空气中漂浮的任何东西 —— 即使你特别注意用吸尘器清洁。人造地毯的制作材料及其释放的化合物会加剧室内污染，引发或加重过敏反应、呼吸道和心脏问题)”指出地毯带来的污染问题，B项“考虑木地板、油毡或瓷砖。”提供替代方案，与标题“Get rid of carpets(移除地毯)”相呼应，解决地毯带来的问题。故选B。 4．上文“MDF in shelving and modern furniture often contains formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound (VOC) classed as a carcinogen.(搁架和现代家具中的中密度纤维板（MDF）通常含有甲醛，这是一种被列为致癌物的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）)”说明中密度纤维板中常含有甲醛，G项“它存在于粘合木屑和废料的树脂中”解释甲醛的具体来源，衔接MDF材料与甲醛的关系，使上下文逻辑连贯，符合语境。故选G。 5．上文“Reduce indoor pollution by forgoing scented candles and air fresheners. These release chemicals which turn into our old friend — formaldehyde — when they reach the air.(通过放弃香薰蜡烛和空气清新剂来减少室内污染。这些物品释放的化学物质在接触空气时会转化为我们的“老朋友”—— 甲醛)”建议减少使用香薰蜡烛和空气清新剂，因为它们会释放化学物质，变成甲醛，D项“蜡烛还会释放烟灰，同样对肺部有害”补充蜡烛的另一危害，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 Learning to cook is strange. It’s a necessary life skill, not to mention a source of tremendous pleasure for oneself and one’s family; but unless you learn while growing up, it can feel daunting to acquire those skills. When it comes to cooking there’s a sense that people are left to teach themselves unless, of course, they choose to stick with a lifetime of mediocre meals. 6 . If you want to improve your cooking skills, this is what you should do. Narrow It Down 7 . Don’t stretch yourself too thin or keep trying new recipes until you’ve become comfortable with a few basics. You can also choose five to eight recipes and practice those repeatedly to build a culinary repertoire. Watch Videos Online Internet is a wealth of visual knowledge that goes a long way toward improving cooking skills. My husband loves watching videos about cooking and will recreate entire meals from what he sees. 8 . Read the Whole Recipe It’s crucial to read an entire recipe from start to finish before you start cooking. This eliminates any potential surprises that could derail your success and provides you with a chance to review the ingredients you have and what could be substituted. 9 . Develop and Trust Your Senses 10 . Stick a fork or a toothpick into a cake to make sure it’s not doughy inside. Listen for the crackle of a bread crust. Taste and smell food to see if it’s cooked to your liking, or if it needs longer. Learn how to use all five of your senses to tell if food is ready. A．Few things can ruin a recipe faster than feeling rushed B．It also gives you a better sense of the “underlying mechanics of what is happening”, which improves your overall cooking skills C．Figure out what you like to eat and focus on learning how to make that well D．Recommended cooking times are just estimates, so rely on your own tests to confirm if a dish is finished E．I use it when I need specialized knowledge, such as how to cut up a whole chicken into eight parts F．The more you do it, the better you’ll get, so just keep cooking G．So I compiled a list of thoughts and ideas on how to go about teaching oneself to cook 【答案】6．G 7．C 8．E 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何自学烹饪，包括缩小学习范围、观看在线视频、阅读完整食谱以及运用感官判断食物是否烹饪好等建议。 6．由上文“Learning to cook is strange. It’s a necessary life skill, not to mention a source of tremendous pleasure for oneself and one’s family; but unless you learn while growing up, it can feel daunting to acquire those skills. When it comes to cooking there’s a sense that people are left to teach themselves unless, of course, they choose to stick with a lifetime of mediocre meals. (学习烹饪很奇怪。这是一项必要的生活技能，更不用说给自己和家人带来极大的乐趣了；但除非你在成长过程中学习，否则掌握这些技能可能会让你感到望而生畏。说到烹饪，人们似乎只能自学，当然，除非他们选择一辈子吃平庸的饭菜。)”可知，此空应引出作者对于如何自学烹饪的建议。G选项“So I compiled a list of thoughts and ideas on how to go about teaching oneself to cook (所以我整理了一份关于如何自学烹饪的想法和建议清单)”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 7．由下文“Don’t stretch yourself too thin or keep trying new recipes until you’ve become comfortable with a few basics. You can also choose five to eight recipes and practice those repeatedly to build a culinary repertoire. (不要让自己过于分散精力，也不要一直尝试新食谱，直到你对一些基本食谱感到熟悉为止。你也可以选择五到八个食谱，反复练习，以建立你的烹饪技能。)”可知，此空应提出一个关于如何选择并专注于烹饪的建议。C选项“Figure out what you like to eat and focus on learning how to make that well (弄清楚你喜欢吃什么，并专注于学习如何把它做好)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选C。 8．由上文“Internet is a wealth of visual knowledge that goes a long way toward improving cooking skills. My husband loves watching videos about cooking and will recreate entire meals from what he sees. (互联网是丰富的视觉知识来源，对提高烹饪技能有很大帮助。我丈夫喜欢看烹饪视频，并会根据他看到的内容重新制作整顿饭。)”可知，此空应进一步说明互联网在烹饪学习中的作用。E选项“I use it when I need specialized knowledge, such as how to cut up a whole chicken into eight parts (当我需要专业知识时，比如如何把一整只鸡切成八块，我就会使用它)”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 9．由上文“It’s crucial to read an entire recipe from start to finish before you start cooking. This eliminates any potential surprises that could derail your success and provides you with a chance to review the ingredients you have and what could be substituted. (在开始烹饪之前，从头到尾阅读整个食谱是至关重要的。这可以消除任何可能破坏你成功的潜在意外，并为你提供一个机会来回顾你现有的食材以及可以替换的食材。)”可知，此空应进一步说明阅读整个食谱的好处。B选项“It also gives you a better sense of the “underlying mechanics of what is happening”, which improves your overall cooking skills (它还能让你更好地理解“正在发生的事情背后的机制”，从而提高你的整体烹饪技能)”符合语境，与上文内容相呼应。故选B。 10．由下文“Stick a fork or a toothpick into a cake to make sure it’s not doughy inside. Listen for the crackle of a bread crust. Taste and smell food to see if it’s cooked to your liking, or if it needs longer. Learn how to use all five of your senses to tell if food is ready. (把叉子或牙签插进蛋糕里，确保里面不是面团。听面包皮是否发出噼啪声。品尝和闻食物的味道，看看它是否符合你的口味，或者是否需要更长的时间。学习如何运用你的五种感官来判断食物是否准备好。)”可知，此空应提出一个关于如何运用感官来判断食物是否烹饪好的建议。D选项“Recommended cooking times are just estimates, so rely on your own tests to confirm if a dish is finished (建议的烹饪时间只是估计，所以要依靠自己的测试来确认一道菜是否完成)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 An ancient Chinese culture dating back to more than 5,000 years witnessed China’s early exchanges with foreign countries, experts said. 11 It is at a recent symposium held in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. The Majiayao culture is in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries. 12 Swedish archaeologist Johan Gunnar Anderson first investigated these cultural ruins in 1924. 13 “This culture spread to Central Asia via China’s Xinjiang, bringing millet from China to the west,” said Han Jianye, a history professor from Renmin University of China. “Decorations with Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery items in Majiayao, in addition to sheep and cattle from the west,” Han added. “ 14 Similarities are clear from the items from the two sites,” said Tang Huisheng, a professor from Hebei Normal University. Some experts pointed out that the Majiayao culture also shares similarities with the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture at the western and the northern parts of the Black Sea regarding decorations and shapes of painted pottery ware. “The two cultures thrived and declined around the same time,” said Li Xinwei, a researcher from the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. “ 15 ” In recent years, efforts have been enhanced to protect the Majiayao culture by building thematic museums, organizing academic symposiums, and conducting more research. A．The Majiayao culture also had interactions with the Harappan culture of India. B．People from the two cultures also used pottery to make human head statues. C．In the 1940s, prominent Chinese archaeologist Xia Nai named the ruins the Majiayao culture, with glamorous painted pottery as its most striking feature. D．With more than 5,000 years of history, it forms a significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization. E．Governments are trying best to preserve the site for its historical value. F．A number of scholars expressed such views regarding the Majiayao culture. G．In recent years, Majiayao culture has caught people’s attention. 【答案】11．F 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马家窑文化的历史、与其他文化的互动及近年来的保护工作。 11．根据上文“An ancient Chinese culture dating back to more than 5,000 years witnessed China’s early exchanges with foreign countries, experts said.(专家称，一种可追溯至5000多年前的中国古代文化见证了中国早期与外国的交流)”及下文“It is at a recent symposium held in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture, Northwest China’s Gansu Province.(这是最近在中国西北部甘肃省临夏回族自治州举行的一次研讨会上提出的)”可知，此空需衔接“专家观点”与“研讨会”的关联。F选项“A number of scholars expressed such views regarding the Majiayao culture.(许多学者对马家窑文化表达了这样的观点)”中的“such views”指代上文专家对古代文化交流的看法，“symposium”与下文研讨会呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 12．根据上文“The Majiayao culture is in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and its tributaries.(马家窑文化位于黄河上游及其支流)”及下文“Swedish archaeologist Johan Gunnar Anderson first investigated these cultural ruins in 1924.(瑞典考古学家约翰·贡纳·安德森于1924年首次调查了这些文化遗址)”可知，此空需补充马家窑文化的相关情况。D选项“With more than 5,000 years of history, it forms a significant part of the origin of the Chinese civilization.(它有着5000多年的历史，是中华文明起源的重要组成部分)”中的“it”指代马家窑文化，“significant part of Chinese civilization”衔接其地理位置，引出下文考古调查，符合逻辑。故选D项。 13．根据上文“Swedish archaeologist Johan Gunnar Anderson first investigated these cultural ruins in 1924.(瑞典考古学家约翰·贡纳·安德森于1924年首次调查了这些文化遗址)”可知，此空需延续考古发现的时间线。C选项“In the 1940s, prominent Chinese archaeologist Xia Nai named the ruins the Majiayao culture, with glamorous painted pottery as its most striking feature.(20世纪40年代，著名中国考古学家夏鼐将这些遗址命名为马家窑文化，其最显著的特征是迷人的彩陶)”中的“in the 1940s”承接1924年的调查，“named the ruins”说明命名过程，“painted pottery”引出下文对彩陶的描述，符合时间顺序。故选C项。 14．根据下文“Similarities are clear from the items from the two sites,(从这两个遗址的物品中可以清楚地看到相似之处)”中的two sites和similarities推知，此空应该出现其他遗址。A选项“The Majiayao culture also had interactions with the Harappan culture of India.(马家窑文化还与印度的哈拉帕文化有过互动)”中的“Harappan culture of India”提供了“two sites”的具体所指，“interactions”与下文相似性呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 15．根据上段“Some experts pointed out that the Majiayao culture also shares similarities with the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture at the western and the northern parts of the Black Sea regarding decorations and shapes of painted pottery ware.(一些专家指出，马家窑文化在彩陶的装饰和形状方面也与黑海西北部的库库泰尼-特里波利文化有相似之处)”及空处上文“The two cultures thrived and declined around the same time,(这两种文化在同一时期兴衰)”可知，空前阐述了两者文化的同兴盛共衰亡，由此可知，此空需进一步说明两者的相似性。B选项“People from the two cultures also used pottery to make human head statues.(来自这两种文化的人们也用陶器制作人头雕像)”中的“also used pottery”补充了除装饰和形状外的另一相似点。故选B项。 Passage 4 Turning off just half the lights in a big building at night can result in up to 11 times fewer bird collisions, a new study finds. 16 . But light pollution from buildings attracts and confuses many birds, causing them to fly toward the light. Each year, as many as 1 billion birds are killed in the United States from collisions with buildings and glass windows. 17 . On nights when fewer lights were on at McCormick Place because of construction work or holidays, there were fewer dead birds on the ground the next morning. He began collecting data on light patterns, as well as gathering the birds he found on the sidewalk. He quickly saw there was a link between the number of lights and the number of collisions. In the new study, researchers added more sophistication to that earlier work. “Our study combined records collected by David Willard and other Field Museum scientists with information on weather conditions and the number of migrating birds flying over Chicago each night,” Benjamin Van Doren, a postdoctoral associate at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the paper’s first author, tells Treehugger. The team used Doppler radar to measure the number of birds that were migrating over the city each night. 18 . “The McCormick Center played a key role in this study because it’s a large building on the lakefront with large windows with lots of light output,” says Van Doren. “ 19 ,” he says. Many cities have joined Lights Out campaigns, which voluntarily urge property managers and homeowners to turn off unnecessary external and internal lights at night to protect birds during the migration season. The National Audubon Society created the first Lights Out program in 1999 in Chicago. 20 , including Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D．C． A．I am excited by the potential to apply our results to make a difference B．But McCormick Place is only one example of a wider problem of light pollution C．Now there are more than forty cities with Lights Out programs D．Most birds migrate at night using light from the night sky E．They also used information about weather conditions from a local airport F．Few birds migrate at night using lights from the night sky G．Years ago, Willard began noticing a pattern 【答案】16．D 17．G 18．E 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新研究发现，夜间关闭大楼部分灯光可大幅减少鸟类碰撞，同时介绍了相关研究、光污染问题及多地开展的熄灯保护鸟类计划。 16．上文“Turning off just half the lights in a big building at night can result in up to 11 times fewer bird collisions, a new study finds.(一项新的研究发现，夜间仅关闭大型建筑物一半的灯光，就可使鸟类碰撞次数减少多达 11 倍)”说明研究揭示了灯光与鸟类碰撞的关系。下文“But light pollution from buildings attracts and confuses many birds, causing them to fly toward the light.(但是建筑物的光污染吸引并迷惑了许多鸟类，导致它们飞向光明)”表转折，强调光污染的负面影响。空处需衔接研究结论与光污染问题，且与后文形成转折逻辑。所以D 项“大多数鸟类在夜间利用夜空的光线迁徙。” 符合语境，既解释了鸟类依赖自然光线迁徙的习性，又为后文光污染的干扰做铺垫。故选D。 17．上文“Each year, as many as 1 billion birds are killed in the United States from collisions with buildings and glass windows.（在美国，每年有多达10亿只鸟因与建筑物和玻璃窗相撞而死亡）”说明鸟类因碰撞建筑物而死亡的数量很多。下文“On nights when fewer lights were on at McCormick Place because of construction work or holidays, there were fewer dead birds on the ground the next morning.(在麦考密克广场，由于施工或假期，晚上开灯较少的时候，第二天早上地上的死鸟就较少)”说明麦考密克广场的灯光与鸟类死亡数量有关。空处应引出麦考密克广场的灯光与鸟类死亡数量之间的关系。所以G项“几年前，威拉德开始注意到一个规律。”符合语境，说明威拉德注意到了麦考密克广场灯光与鸟类死亡数量之间的规律，为下文的具体描述做了铺垫。故选G。 18．上文“The team used Doppler radar to measure the number of birds that were migrating over the city each night.(研究小组使用多普勒雷达来测量每晚在城市上空迁徙的鸟类数量)”说明研究小组使用了多普勒雷达来测量鸟类数量。空处和前文为顺接关系，应说明研究小组还使用了其他什么方法或数据。所以E项“他们还使用了当地机场提供的天气状况信息。”符合语境，说明研究小组还使用了天气状况信息，与前文提到的多普勒雷达数据相结合，为研究提供了更全面的信息。故选E。 19．上文““The McCormick Center played a key role in this study because it’s a large building on the lakefront with large windows with lots of light output,” says Van Doren.(范多伦说：“麦考密克中心在这项研究中发挥了关键作用，因为它是湖边的一座大型建筑，有大窗户，光线输出很多。”)”说明麦考密克中心在研究中的重要性。空处和前文为顺接关系，应进一步说明麦考密克中心只是光污染问题的一个例子。所以B项“但麦考密克广场只是光污染这一更广泛问题的一个例子。”符合语境，说明麦考密克中心只是光污染问题的一个代表，强调了光污染问题的普遍性。故选B。 20．上文“The National Audubon Society created the first Lights Out program in 1999 in Chicago.(美国奥杜邦学会于1999年在芝加哥创建了第一个熄灯计划)”说明美国奥杜邦学会在芝加哥创建了第一个熄灯计划。下文“including Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D. C.(包括亚特兰大、巴尔的摩、波士顿、纽约、费城和华盛顿特区)”说明还有其他城市也参与了熄灯计划。空处应引出其他城市也参与了熄灯计划的情况。所以C项“现在有40多个城市有熄灯计划。”符合语境，“more than forty cities”与后文具体城市举例相呼应。故选C。 Passage 5 Stephen Hawking was a scientist known for his work with black holes and relativity, and the author of popular science books like A Brief History of Time. Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England. 21 The political climate was also tense. The couple was living as Frank Hawking undertook research in medicine. Hawking’s father wanted him to go into medicine. 22 That was evident to his mother, who, along with her children, often stretched out in the backyard on summer evenings to stare up at the stars. “Stephen always had a strong sense of wonder,” she remembered. “And I could see that the stars would draw him.” Early in his academic life, Hawking, while recognized as bright, was not an exceptional student. 23 But Hawking focused on pursuits outside of school; he loved board games, and he and a few close friends created new games of their own. During his teens, Hawking, along with several friends, constructed a computer out of recycled parts for solving rudimentary mathematical equations. 24 He would later calculate that he averaged about an hour a day focusing on school. And yet he didn’t really have to do much more than that. In 1962, he graduated with honors in natural science and went on to attend Trinity Hall at the University of Cambridge for a Ph.D．in cosmology. 25 The next few years were a fruitful time for Hawking and his research. In 1973, he published his first, highly-technical book, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, with G. F. R. Ellis. A．Hawking’s birth came at an improper time for his parents, who didn’t have much money. B．With his sister Mary, Hawking devised different entry routes into the family home. C．He loved to dance and also took an interest in rowing, becoming a team coxswain (舵手) in college. D．But at an early age, Hawking showed a passion for science and the sky. E．By his own account, Hawking didn’t put much time into his studies. F．In 1968, Hawking became a member of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. G．During his first year at St. Albans School, he was the third from the bottom of his class. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．G 24．E 25．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的生平。 21．前文提到“Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England.(1942年1月8日，霍金出生于英国牛津。)”霍金出生于1942年1月8日，后文“The political climate was also tense. The couple was living as Frank Hawking undertook research in medicine.(政治气氛也很紧张。这对夫妇生活在弗兰克·霍金从事医学研究的时期。)”说明当时政治局势紧张，霍金父母生活的情况。选项A“Hawking’s birth came at an improper time for his parents, who didn’t have much money.(霍金出生的时间对他的父母来说不太合适，他们没有多少钱。)”指出霍金出生时对他父母来说不是个好时机，且他们没什么钱，既承接了前文出生时间，又引出后文紧张的生活状况。故选A项。 22．前文“Hawking’s father wanted him to go into medicine.(霍金的父亲希望他从医。)”说霍金的父亲希望他学医，后文“That was evident to his mother, who, along with her children, often stretched out in the backyard on summer evenings to stare up at the stars.(这对他的母亲来说是显而易见的，她和她的孩子们经常在夏天的晚上躺在后院盯着天上的星星。)”表明霍金对科学和天空有兴趣。选项D“But at an early age, Hawking showed a passion for science and the sky.(但在很小的时候，霍金就表现出对科学和天空的热情。)”起到转折作用，说明霍金早年就对科学和天空有热情，与前文父亲希望他学医形成对比，引出后文他对天空的兴趣表现。故选D项。 23．前文“Early in his academic life, Hawking, while recognized as bright, was not an exceptional student.(在他早期的学术生涯中，霍金虽然被认为很聪明，但并不是一个出类拔萃的学生)”指出霍金早期在学业上不是特别出色。选项G“During his first year at St. Albans School, he was the third from the bottom of his class.(在圣奥尔本斯学校的第一年，他是班里倒数第三名。)”具体举例说明他在圣奥尔本斯学校第一年成绩在班级里接近垫底，是对前文他学业不出色的具体阐述。故选G项。 24．后文“He would later calculate that he averaged about an hour a day focusing on school.(他后来计算出，他平均每天花一个小时在学习上。)”说明霍金后来计算自己每天平均花在学习上的时间约一小时。选项E“By his own account, Hawking didn’t put much time into his studies.(据霍金自己说，他并没有在学习上花太多时间。)”表明据霍金自己说，他没在学习上投入太多时间，引出后文他学习时间少的具体情况。故选E项。 25．后文“The next few years were a fruitful time for Hawking and his research.(接下来的几年是霍金和他的研究成果丰硕的时期。)”说明接下来的几年对霍金的研究来说是成果丰硕的时期。选项F“In 1968, Hawking became a member of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.(1968年，霍金成为剑桥天文研究所的一员。)”提到1968年霍金成为剑桥大学天文研究所的一员，为后文他研究成果丰硕做了铺垫。故选F项。 三 高考模拟练 1.【山东省青岛第二中学2025年高三模拟试题】 When I think of my friends, I am mostly filled with love and warmth: I simply can’t wait to see them again for their affection and support. 1 In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can drain (耗尽) all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies, who psychologists call “ambivalent relationships”. These love-hate relationships could include a friend, a parent, a colleague or even a husband or wife. Their ambivalence can come in many forms. 2 It could be a partner love-bombing you one day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving you unsure about their true feelings. 3 At the very least, you would expect them to be better for us than our negative relationships. Unfortunately, research suggests things aren’t so simple. A team at the University of Utah asked people to take a reaction-time test and they found that rapidly flashing the name of an ambivalent connection on a screen intensified stress response of participants. Another study at Brigham Young University found that simply knowing an ambivalent connection was nearby as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. 4 Cutting ties with our ambivalent connections isn’t always possible or desirable if they are deeply mixed into our social network. So, what can be done? Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. We can manage our expectations and mentally prepare ourselves for the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. 5 As importantly, be a little more mindful of any interactions with all our ties. Show others the appreciation and respect we feel for them, for accidental neglect could be taken as a sign of indifference. A．We hope the good in such relationships outweighs the bad. B．If someone is too negative, you might decide to cut contact. C．It might be a friend who is often unavailable when you need support. D．This helps us focus on their positives while empathizing with the negatives. E．In fact, even unconscious reminders of a frenemy can break our peace of mind. F．After all, social connection benefits come from feeling understood and supported. G．A handful, however, arouse different emotions — a mixture of eagerness and dread. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人际关系中的爱恨交织现象及其应对策略。 1．上文“When I think of my friends, I am mostly filled with love and warmth: I simply can’t wait to see them again for their affection and support.(当我想到我的朋友时，我大多充满了爱和温暖：我迫不及待地想再次见到他们，得到他们的关爱和支持)”说明作者想到朋友时，大多充满了爱和温暖。结合下文“In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can drain (耗尽) all my goodwill.(心情好的时候，这些人能让我度过一个充满乐趣的夜晚，但心情不好的时候，他们会耗尽我所有的善意)”推知，空处和前文为转折关系，说明有些朋友给作者带来的是不同的感受。G项中的However表示转折，与上文的“filled with love and warmth”形成对比，说明有些朋友会激起不同的情感。所以G项“然而，有少数人激起了渴望和恐惧担心的混合体。”符合语境。故选G。 2．上文“Their ambivalence can come in many forms.(他们的矛盾心理可能以多种形式出现)”说明他们的矛盾心理有多种表现形式。空处承接上文，举例说明矛盾心理的一种表现形式。C项“可能是一个在你需要他支持时却经常不在身边的朋友。”符合语境。故选C。 3．下文“At the very least, you would expect them to be better for us than our aversive (令人厌恶的) relationships.(至少，你会期望他们比我们厌恶的关系对我们更好)”说明人们期望这种爱恨交织的关系能带来一些好处。A项中的“We hope”与下文的“you would expect”相呼应，“the good would outweigh the bad”与下文的“better for us than our aversive relationships”相契合。所以A项“我们可能希望在这样的关系中，好的一面会超过坏的一面。”符合语境。故选A。 4．上文“Another study at Brigham Young University found that simply knowing an ambivalent connection was nearby as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing.(杨百翰大学的另一项研究发现，当参与者准备演讲时，仅仅知道一个爱恨交织的人就在附近，就足以让他们的血压飙升)”说明即使是无意识的提醒也会让人血压升高。E项中的“even unconscious reminders”与上文的“simply knowing”相呼应，“break our peace of mind”与上文的“send their blood pressure rocketing”相契合，进一步说明这种关系的影响。所以E项“事实上，即使是无意识地想起一个爱恨交织的人，也会打破我们的平静。”符合语境。故选E。 5．上文“We can manage our expectations and mentally prepare ourselves for the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies.(在与爱恨交织的人交往时，我们可以管理自己的期望，并在心理上为这种复杂的情感做好准备)”说明我们可以管理自己的期望，为复杂的情感做好准备。D项中的“This helps us”承接上文，“focus on their good qualities and show empathy for the unpleasant ones”与上文的“manage our expectations and mentally prepare ourselves”相契合，说明这样做的好处。所以D项“这让我们能够关注他们的优点，并对不愉快的方面表示同情。”符合语境。故选D。 2.【2026届陕西省咸阳市高新一中高三7月高考摸底英语试题 】 Today, people live in a digital world where information is gained in small pieces, but nothing beats the benefits of opening a book. From gaining knowledge from a self-help book to enjoying a fictional fantasy world, reading books opens you up to a world of possibilities. But, when was the last time you read a book? 6 . Here are four things you can do to get excited about reading books. Find books that genuinely interest you. It can be exciting to buy a popular novel or bestseller. But if the bestseller is a self-help book but you only enjoy reading fiction. It’s probably not going to work out so well for you. Perhaps you’ll start it and not finish it or not enjoy it. 7 . Keep a book with you at all times. You know how you look at your phone many times, not necessarily because you need it, but simply because it’s there. 8 . Just keep a book with you at all times. That way you can pick it up and read it wherever you are. 9 If reading is important to you and you want to make it a priority, you’d better have a set time for reading. Perhaps you want to read right before going to sleep, or maybe you prefer reading during your lunch break. Whatever the case may be, finding a set time to read will help you read more. Make reading a social experience. Reading doesn’t have to be a lonely experience. 10 . Not only can you have fun reading the book, you can also get into passionate discussions about it with other people, which can add to your enjoyment. A．Take up a reading challenge. B．Set aside a specific time to read. C．Maybe you can do that with a book as well. D．Is it difficult for you to find the time to read? E．So keep your eyes open for books that interest you. F．Is it challenging to understand the book you pick up? G．Joining a book club is a great way to get connected to other book-lovers. 【答案】6．D 7．E 8．C 9．B 10．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出数字时代读书益处多，却提及人们可能许久未读书，进而给出四点激发阅读兴趣的方法：选感兴趣的书、随身携带书、固定时间读、让阅读社交化。 6．根据上文“But, when was the last time you read a book?(但是，你上次读一本书是什么时候呢？)”以及后文“Here are four things you can do to get excited about reading books.(以下是四条能让你重新对阅读产生兴趣的方法)”可知，前文问“你上次读书是什么时候？”，本句承接上文，引出下文关于如何激发阅读兴趣的建议，故D选项“对你来说，找时间阅读是不是很困难？”符合语境，故选D。 7．根据上文“It can be exciting to buy a popular novel or bestseller. But if the bestseller is a self-help book but you only enjoy reading fiction. It’s probably not going to work out so well for you. Perhaps you’ll start it and not finish it or not enjoy it.(购买热门小说或畅销书可能会让人感到兴奋。但如果这本畅销书是一本自助类书籍，而你却只喜欢读小说的话，那对你来说可能就没那么合适了。也许你会开始读它，但中途就会放弃，或者根本不喜欢它)”以及标题“Find books that genuinely interest you.(找一些真正令你感兴趣的好书吧)”可知，本段主题是“找真正感兴趣的书”，前文指出读不感兴趣的畅销书可能无法坚持，故本句与上文构成因果关系，建议寻找感兴趣的书籍。故E选项“所以要留意那些你感兴趣的书籍”符合语境，故选E。 8．根据上文“You know how you look at your phone many times, not necessarily because you need it, but simply because it’s there.(你知道吧，很多时候你会不自觉地看向手机，这并非是因为你需要它，而仅仅是因为它就在那里)”以及后文“Just keep a book with you at all times. That way you can pick it up and read it wherever you are.(随时都随身携带一本书。这样你就可以在任何地方拿起它来阅读了)”可知，前文提到手机因随身携带而频繁被查看，C项“或许书也可以这样”将手机与书类比，引出“随身携带书”的建议，衔接自然。故C选项“也许你可以用一本书来进行这样的活动”符合语境，故选C。 9．根据本段内容“If reading is important to you and you want to make it a priority, you’d better have a set time for reading. Perhaps you want to read right before going to sleep, or maybe you prefer reading during your lunch break. Whatever the case may be, finding a set time to read will help you read more.(如果阅读对你来说很重要，并且你想将其列为优先事项，那么你最好为自己设定一个阅读时间。也许你想在睡觉前进行阅读，又或许你更喜欢在午餐休息时阅读。无论具体情况如何，找到一个固定的阅读时间将有助于你增加阅读量)”可知，该空为段落标题，后文强调“设定固定阅读时间”，故B选项“定一个专门的时间来阅读”符合语境，故选B。 10．根据上文“Reading doesn’t have to be a lonely experience.(阅读并不一定要是一种孤独的体验)”以及后文“Not only can you have fun reading the book, you can also get into passionate discussions about it with other people, which can add to your enjoyment.(不仅阅读这本书能给你带来乐趣，你还能与他人就这本书展开热烈的讨论，这会进一步增添你的阅读乐趣)”可知，本段主题是“让阅读成为社交体验”，故本句举例说明社交化阅读方式，故G选项“加入一个读书俱乐部是与众多爱书之人建立联系的绝佳方式”符合语境，故选G。 3.【湖北省武汉市硚口区2025-2026学年高三质量检测试卷】 Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day — but in minutes, not dollars. 11 It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time. Many of the money management practices can also be applied to your “time currency.” But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 12 Find out where your time is going now. 13 Include your work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media. Invest a few minutes every morning to plan and organize. Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time, stretching the time you have. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says. You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively. 14 When you have missions (任务), instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them. It’s more efficient to finish “little one - off” tasks. At the end of the day, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement.” 15 Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says. A．Write down everything you do in a day. B．Try these simple steps to take control of your clock. C．Time is one of the most limited resources for people. D．Grouping small tasks into one proves helpful in daily produce. E．Focus on what you’re doing and avoid repeating the same process. F．The most important tasks are not necessarily the most pressing ones. G．Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了让你成为优秀的时间管理者的建议。 11．由上文“Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day — but in minutes, not dollars.(事实上，我们每天都有1440个单位 —— 但那是分钟，不是美元)”及下文“It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.(钱可以赚更多，但时间无法创造更多)”可知，空格处需强调时间的特殊性。C项Time is one of the most limited resources for people.(时间是人类最有限的资源之一)承接“时间无法增多”的观点，解释了时间与金钱的本质区别，其中“limited resources”呼应下文“can’t make more time”。故选C项。 12．由上文“But the question is, are you a good manager of your time?(但问题是，你是否是一个好的时间管理者？)”及下文列举的时间管理方法可知，空格处需过渡到具体的解决办法。B项Try these simple steps to take control of your clock.(试试这些简单的步骤来掌控你的时间。)作为承上启下的句子，“these steps”指代下文的计划、设限等方法，回应了“如何管理时间”的问题。故选B项。 13．由上文“Find out where your time is going now.(现在弄清楚你的时间都花在哪里了)”及下文“Include your work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.(包括你的工作、学习、烹饪和用餐、清洁和睡眠、家庭时间以及看电视和在社交媒体上迷路等无脑活动)”可知，空格处需说明“弄清楚时间去向”的具体做法。A项Write down everything you do in a day.(写下你一天中做的所有事情)中的“write down everything”与下文列举的各类活动呼应，是“追踪时间”的实际操作方式。故选A项。 14．由下文“When you have missions (任务), instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks.(当你有任务时，与其在三天内分别旅行三次购买杂货、办公用品或家居用品，不如将它们整合在一起。完成“一次性”任务更有效)”可知，此处强调将零散任务合并处理。D项Grouping small tasks into one proves helpful in daily produce.(将小任务合并成一个在日常效率中很有帮助)作为段落主题句，“grouping small tasks”与下文“integrate them”、“one-off tasks”直接对应，点明合并任务的好处。故选D项。 15．由上文“At the end of the day, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time.(在一天结束时，看看你对时间的管理有多好)”及下文“Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.(反复这样做，“它会形成习惯，变得自然。”博伦说)”可知，空格处需说明每日反思的具体内容。G项Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.(每天花时间反思你的成就，并为明天设定目标)中的“reflect on achievements”、“set goals”呼应“检查时间管理情况”的要求，且“each day”与“over and over”衔接，符合形成习惯的逻辑。故选G项。 4.【2026届浙江省鄞州中学等十二校联考高三试卷】 Building a DIY herb garden is a rewarding endeavor that allows you to enjoy fresh, homegrown herbs right at your fingertips. Whether you’ re an experienced gardener or a beginner, a well- maintained herb garden can enhance your cooking, add beauty to your space, and even provide a sense of relaxation. 16 By following these practical steps, you can create a thriving herb garden that will serve you well for seasons to come. 17 The first crucial step is choosing the right location for your herb garden. Most herbs thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, some herbs like mint and parsley can tolerate partial shade. Consider the amount of sunlight your chosen spot receives throughout the day. 18 If you live in an area with strong winds, find a sheltered location or use windbreaks to protect your delicate herbs. Select the herbs that suit your needs and growing conditions. Think about which herbs you use most frequently in your cooking. Basil, thyme, rosemary, and oregano are popular choices for enhancing the flavor of Italian dishes. 19 If you have limited space, opt for compact varieties or herbs that can be grown in containers. Also, take into account your local climate. Some herbs are more cold- hardy, while others prefer warmer temperatures. Prepare the soil properly before planting. Herbs generally prefer well- drained soil that is rich in organic matter. You can improve the soil quality by adding compost, aged manure, or peat moss. 20 This helps the roots of the herbs grow easily. Avoid using heavy, clay- like soil that can retain too much water and cause the roots to rot. With the right planning and care, your DIY herb garden will not only provide you with a bountiful supply of fresh herbs but also become a delightful addition to your home. A．However, it’s important to ensure good air circulation around the plants as well. B．Lavender, on the other hand, is not only great for baking but also has a soothing aroma. C．But achieving a successful herb garden requires careful planning and the right techniques. D．Use a garden fork or tiller to loosen the soil to a depth of about 8-10 inches. E．Determine the size of your garden based on the available space and the number of herbs you want to grow. F．Also, consider the proximity to a water source, as regular watering is essential for herb growth. G．Make sure to space the plants according to their mature size to prevent overcrowding. 【答案】16．C 17．E 18．F 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了打造DIY香草园的相关内容，强调这是一项有益的尝试，能带来诸多好处，并详细阐述了打造香草园的实用步骤，包括选择合适位置、挑选香草、准备土壤等，以帮助读者创建一个繁茂的香草园。 16．根据空前的“Whether you’re an experienced gardener or a beginner, a well-maintained herb garden can enhance your cooking, add beauty to your space, and even provide a sense of relaxation. (无论你是经验丰富的园丁还是初学者，一个维护良好的香草园能改善你的烹饪，为你的空间增添美感，甚至带来放松的感觉。)”可知，此处强调打造香草园的诸多益处，结合空后的“By following these practical steps, you can create a thriving herb garden that will serve you well for seasons to come. (通过遵循这些实用步骤，你可以创建一个繁茂的香草园，在未来的季节里为你带来诸多益处。)”可知，引出打造成功香草园需遵循的步骤。C选项“But achieving a successful herb garden requires careful planning and the right techniques. (但要打造一个成功的香草园，需要精心的规划和正确的技巧。)”中的“But”与前文形成转折，既肯定了香草园的好处，又引出下文的步骤，符合语境。故选C项。 17．根据空后的“The first crucial step is choosing the right location for your herb garden. Most herbs thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. (第一个关键步骤是为你的香草园选择合适的位置。大多数香草在充足的阳光下生长旺盛，每天需要至少6-8小时的直射阳光。)”可知，本段围绕香草园的位置和规模等展开。E选项“Determine the size of your garden based on the available space and the number of herbs you want to grow. (根据可用空间和你想种植的香草数量来确定花园的大小。)”是选择位置时需要考虑的因素，作为段落首句，引出下文对位置选择的具体阐述。故选E项。 18．根据空前的“Consider the amount of sunlight your chosen spot receives throughout the day. (考虑你所选地点全天接收的阳光量。)”可知，上文提到要考虑所选地点的日照情况，结合空后的“If you live in an area with strong winds, find a sheltered location or use windbreaks to protect your delicate herbs. (如果你住在风力较大的地区，找一个避风的地方或使用防风林来保护你娇嫩的香草。)”可知，此处应继续说明选择位置时需要考虑的其他因素。F选项“Also, consider the proximity to a water source, as regular watering is essential for herb growth. (此外，考虑到水源的距离，因为定期浇水对香草生长至关重要。)”中的“Also”承接前文，补充了位置选择的另一个要点，符合语境。故选F项。 19．根据空前的“Think about which herbs you use most frequently in your cooking. Basil, thyme, rosemary, and oregano are popular choices for enhancing the flavor of Italian dishes. (想想你在烹饪中最常用哪些香草。罗勒、百里香、迷迭香和牛至是提升意大利菜肴风味的热门选择。)”可知，上文列举了几种用于意大利菜肴调味的香草，由此可知，此处应继续举例说明其他香草及其用途。B选项“Lavender, on the other hand, is not only great for baking but also has a soothing aroma. (另一方面，薰衣草不仅非常适合烘焙，而且有一种令人舒缓的香气。)”通过“on the other hand”引出另一种香草，与前文例子相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 20．根据空前的“You can improve the soil quality by adding compost, aged manure, or peat moss. (你可以通过添加堆肥、腐熟的粪肥或泥炭苔来改善土壤质量。)”可知，上文提到要改善土壤质量，添加有机物资，结合空后的“This helps the roots of the herbs grow easily. (这有助于香草的根系轻松生长。)”可知，此处应说明疏松土壤的方法。D选项“Use a garden fork or tiller to loosen the soil to a depth of about 8-10 inches. (用园艺叉或耕耘机将土壤疏松到约8-10英寸深。)” 具体说明了改善土壤的操作方法，承接上文，符合逻辑。故选D项。 5.【2025年河南省高三模拟试题】 In traditional Chinese culture, there is a saying —“All things have a beginning, but few can reach the end.” It comes from The Book of Songs, China's first anthology of poems which dates back more than 2,000 years. The expression was initially a criticism of King Zhouli from the Western Zhou Dynasty, a notorious tyrant in Chinese history. He was criticized for constantly changing his orders. 21 Making a good start is not difficult, but it is the perseverance to the very end that is hard. 22 It was often carved on plates or bottles by ancient Chinese people, to remind them to finish what they start. From a wasteland to a sea of forests, the miraculous transformation of Saihanba, the world's largest artificial plantation in north China's Hebei Province, has demonstrated such traditional Chinese philosophy advocating perseverance. 23 Since its establishment, generations of workers have weathered tough conditions there, creating and safeguarding the spectacular different shades of green on the former wasteland. In the first two years after the farm's establishment, more than 2,000 mu of trees were planted. However, only less than 8 percent survived each year. 24 To ensure the survival of the trees, the foresters started to explore scientific and technological breakthroughs and have developed their own technologies on cultivating seedlings and taking care of them. 25 Thanks to consistent efforts over the past decades, the forest farm has been expanded to 1.15 million mu, becoming an important ecological shield for Beijing and adjacent regions. In 2017, the Saihanba afforestation community won the United Nations Champions of the Earth Award for its outstanding contribution to transforming degraded land into a lush green paradise. A．The saying later became a motto. B．The forest farm was founded in 1962. C．That’s due to the severe climate. D．Thus, this brought misery to the people. E．He was attacked for his changeable behaviors. F．Generations of foresters devoted themselves to it. G．The remaining gradually grow into strong ones eventually. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代名言“靡不有初，鲜克有终”在塞罕坝林场的实践，塞罕坝从荒原变为世界上最大的人工林，展示了通过不懈努力实现生态奇迹的典范。 21．根据空前的“The expression was initially a criticism of King Zhouli from the Western Zhou Dynasty, a notorious tyrant in Chinese history. He was criticized for constantly changing his orders.(这个表述最初是对西周时期暴君周厉王的批评。周厉王是中国历史上一位声名狼藉的暴君。他因不断更改指令而受到了批评)”可知周厉王是暴君，经常更改命令。所填句承接上文，要体现他的做法带来的恶果。D项“给人民带来了苦难”，说明了这种行为带来的后果，符合语境。故选D 项。 22．根据空前的“Making a good start is not difficult, but it is the perseverance to the very end that is hard.(良好的开端并不难，但难的是坚持到底的毅力) 以及空后的“It was often carved on plates or bottles by ancient Chinese people, to remind them to finish what they start.(古代中国人常常将这句话刻在盘子或酒瓶上，以此来提醒自己要善始善终)”可知，本段强调善始善终很重要，这句话被记录下来。由于所填句起到承上启下的作用，A项“这句话后来成了座右铭”符合要求，因为它成为座右铭后才能被刻在盘子或酒瓶上。故选A项。 23．根据空后的“Since its establishment, generations of workers have weathered tough conditions there, creating and safeguarding the spectacular different shades of green on the former wasteland.(自成立以来，一代又一代的工人在那里恶劣环境中辛勤工作，创造了并守护着这片曾经荒芜之地的绚丽多彩的绿色景观)”可知，本句要对its establishment(它的成立)进行解释。B项“这个林场始建于1962年”，和was founded和its establishment是同义关系，体现前后句的衔接。故选B项。 24．根据空前的“In the first two years after the farm's establishment, more than 2,000 mu of trees were planted. However, only less than 8 percent survived each year.(在林场建立后的头两年里，种植了超过2000亩的树木。然而，每年只有不到8%的树苗存活下来)”可知，这是在陈述树木成活率低的现象。所填句承接上文，要解释该现象的原因。C项“那是因为恶劣的气候”，与上文形成因果关系，与推断相符。故选C项。 25．本题在第六段段首，根据空后的“Thanks to consistent efforts over the past decades, the forest farm has been expanded to 1.15 million mu, becoming an important ecological shield for Beijing and adjacent regions.(得益于过去几十年来的持续努力，这片林场的面积已扩大至115万亩，成为了北京及周边地区重要的生态屏障)”可知，本段讲述了该林场得到了发展。首句应交代与林场发展相关的信息。F项“一代又一代的林业工作者都致力于这项工作”，体现了林场的发展与林业工作者息息相关，符合本段语境。故选F项。 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$