Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Words and Expressions 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

B1U3 SPORTS AND FITNESS Words and Expressions 1．honour n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt．尊重；以……为荣 [佳句背诵](2021·全国乙卷写作)It's a great honour for me to stand here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”． 我很荣幸能站在这里发表我的题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲。 [归纳拓展] (1)in honour of...为了纪念…… have the honour of doing sth.＝have the honour to do sth.有幸做某事 It's one's honour to do sth.某人很荣幸做某事。 (2)sb.be/feel honoured to do/that...某人感到做……很荣幸 (3)honourable adj.可敬的；值得钦佩的 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The dinner was given __ honour of the new president of the company． ②I feel ________ (honour) to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability． (2)一句多译 我很荣幸能和你分享我们学校体育锻炼的情况。 ③As for the physical exercise in our school, it's ______________________________．(honour n.) ④As for the physical exercise in our school, ____________________________________．(feel honoured to do sth.) 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①The dinner was given in honour of the new president of the company． ②I feel honoured (honour) to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability． (2)一句多译 我很荣幸能和你分享我们学校体育锻炼的情况。 ③As for the physical exercise in our school, it's my honour to share it with you．(honour n.) ④As for the physical exercise in our school, I feel honoured to share it with you．(feel honoured to do sth.) 2．injure vt．使受伤；损害 [佳句背诵]To our relief, no one was injured in this terrible storm． 使我们感到宽慰的是，在这场可怕的风暴中没有人受伤。 [归纳拓展] (1)injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 the injured 伤员 (2)injury n.伤害；损伤 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Due to his ______ (injure), he had no choice but to give up the opportunity． ②A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles ___________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. ③The injured _________ (send) to hospital shortly after the accident． (2)句式升级 My left foot was seriously injured, so I can't go with you as planned． ④___________________________________, I can't go with you as planned．(with 复合结构) 答案:(1)单句语法填空 ①Due to his injury (injure), he had no choice but to give up the opportunity． ②A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. ③The injured were sent (send) to hospital shortly after the accident． (2)句式升级 My left foot was seriously injured, so I can't go with you as planned． ④With my left foot seriously injured, I can't go with you as planned．(with 复合结构) 3．determination n.决心；决定 [佳句背诵]It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character． 正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样卓越的人。 [归纳拓展] (1)determine v．(使)下决心，(使)做出决定；决定；测定；确定；查明 determine to do sth.决定做某事(动作) determine that...决心/决定…… determine on/upon (doing) sth.决定(做)某事 (2)determined adj.有决心的；坚决的；坚定的 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江卷1月)Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined ________ (prove) my point． ②Li Hua is very fond of travelling, so he determines ________ (cycle) to Tibet with his friend, Wang Ming． ③(2021·浙江卷6月)He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and _____________ (determine)． ④She was a brave and __________ (determine) girl with rich imagination. ⑤___________ (determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival． (2)句式升级 I am determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it． ⑥__________________________ in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it．(过去分词短语作状语) 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江卷1月)Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove (prove) my point． ②Li Hua is very fond of travelling, so he determines to cycle (cycle) to Tibet with his friend, Wang Ming． ③(2021·浙江卷6月)He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination (determine)． ④She was a brave and determined (determine) girl with rich imagination. ⑤Determining (determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival． (2)句式升级 I am determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it． ⑥Determined to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it．(过去分词短语作状语) 4．strength n.力量；体力；长处，优势 [佳句背诵]Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character． 练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品性。 [归纳拓展] (1)build up one's strength 增强体质 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 (2)strong adj.坚强的；强壮的 (3)strengthen v．加强；增强；巩固 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with ________ (strong) and flexibility? ②One idea is that sleep helps us __________ (strong) new memories． ③As a good teacher, you should know your students' _________ (strength) and weaknesses． (2)完成句子 ④________________________, we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis, in the school gym． 为了强身健体，我们经常在学校的体育馆组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、打乒乓球等。 ⑤By participating in such activities, we improve our skills and _______________________________. 通过参加这样的活动，我们提高了我们的技能，加强了我们的合作意识。 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength (strong) and flexibility? ②One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strong) new memories． ③As a good teacher, you should know your students' strengths (strength) and weaknesses． (2)完成句子 ④To build up our strength, we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis, in the school gym． 为了强身健体，我们经常在学校的体育馆组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、打乒乓球等。 ⑤By participating in such activities, we improve our skills and strengthen our sense of cooperation. 通过参加这样的活动，我们提高了我们的技能，加强了我们的合作意识。 5．compete vi．竞争；对抗 [佳句背诵]Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves． 生活就像长跑，我们与别人竞争来超越自己。 [归纳拓展] (1)compete in...参加……比赛 compete with/against...与……竞争 compete for...为……竞争 (2)competition n.竞争；比赛 (3)competitive adj.有竞争力的；竞争的 (4)competitor n.竞争者；对手 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) ___________ (compete)． ②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)Meanwhile, I competed ____________ my friends to see who picks the fruit with the fastest speed and best quality． ③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete ___ people's spare time and money with other amusements． ④I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my ___________ (compete)． (2)完成句子 ⑤I'm writing to inform you that _______________________________ the National League． 我写信是为了告诉你我们队将要参加全国联赛。 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition (compete)． ②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)Meanwhile, I competed with/against my friends to see who picks the fruit with the fastest speed and best quality． ③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other amusements． ④I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors (compete)． (2)完成句子 ⑤I'm writing to inform you that our team is going to compete in the National League． 我写信是为了告诉你我们队将要参加全国联赛。 6．pretend vi．& vt．假装；装扮 [佳句背诵](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)She shook Father who was pretending to snore． 她摇了摇假装打鼾的父亲。 [归纳拓展] pretend [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend _____________ (read)． ②He would ask who we were and pretend not _______ (know) us． ③Jim pretended ______________ (solve) the difficult problem and left the company． ④I had been lying to myself, __________ (pretend) that everything was fine． (2)同义句转换 Tom pretended that he hadn't heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week． ⑤Tom ___________________________ about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week． 答案:(1)单句语法填空 ①So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading (read)． ②He would ask who we were and pretend not to know (know) us． ③Jim pretended to have solved (solve) the difficult problem and left the company． ④I had been lying to myself, pretending (pretend) that everything was fine． (2)同义句转换 Tom pretended that he hadn't heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week． ⑤Tom pretended not to have heard about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week． 7．stress n.压力；紧张；重音 vt．强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi．焦虑不安 [佳句背诵](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)This talk show aims to help students release stress through relaxing talks． 这个谈话节目旨在帮助学生通过轻松的谈话来释放压力。 [归纳拓展] (1)lay/put/place stress on sth.把重点放在某事上；强调某事 under stress在压力之下 under the stress of...为……所迫 (2)stress the importance of...强调……的重要性 (3)stressed adj.焦虑不安的；感到有压力的 (4)stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Real Chinese cuisine places stress __ colour, smell, taste, form and sound． ②If you feel ________ (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance． ③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and _________ (stress) society． ④When _____ stress, even a most gentle person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily． (2)一句多译 老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。 ⑤Teachers often ________________________ diligence in the approach to success．(stress v．) ⑥Teachers often _______________________ diligence in the approach to success．(stress n.) 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①Real Chinese cuisine places stress on colour, smell, taste, form and sound． ②If you feel stressed (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance． ③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society． ④When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily． (2)一句多译 老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。 ⑤Teachers often stress the importance of diligence in the approach to success．(stress v．) ⑥Teachers often lay/put/place stress on diligence in the approach to success．(stress n.) 8．give up 放弃；投降 [佳句背诵]Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up． 输掉比赛教会了他更加努力地练习，永不放弃。 [归纳拓展] give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交 give out 分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽；发出(声音、信号等) give off 放出；发出(光、热、气味等) give away 泄露；赠送 [学以致用] (1)用give的相关短语填空 ①I tried to persuade him to _______ smoking, but failed． ②The children were required to _______ their exam papers immediately． ③Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't ________ waste gas． ④After two days, our food ________, and we had to return to the camp． (2)完成句子 ⑤That weekend, we went to a nearby neighbourhood and __________________________________． 那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。 答案：(1)用give的相关短语填空 ①I tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but failed． ②The children were required to give in their exam papers immediately． ③Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas． ④After two days, our food gave out, and we had to return to the camp． (2)完成句子 ⑤That weekend, we went to a nearby neighbourhood and gave them away to the people there． 那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。 9．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 [佳句背诵]She doesn't talk much, but what she says makes sense． 她讲话不多， 但言之有理。 [归纳拓展] make sense of...了解……的意义；懂得…… make no sense 没道理；没意义 in a sense 在某种意义上 common sense 常识 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装) There is no sense in doing sth.(口语)做某事是没有道理的。 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江卷1月)I hear him making sense __ friendship and its limits． ②There is no sense in ___________ (complain)．We should take action now． ③__ no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later． (2)词汇升级 There are so many new words in the passage that I can hardly understand them at all． ④There are so many new words in the passage that I can hardly _____________ them at all． 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·浙江卷1月)I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits． ②There is no sense in complaining (complain)．We should take action now． ③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later． (2)词汇升级 There are so many new words in the passage that I can hardly understand them at all． ④There are so many new words in the passage that I can hardly make sense of them at all． 10．make a difference有作用或影响 [佳句背诵]Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish． 只有我们言行一致，才能对我们希望完成的事情有所突破。 [归纳拓展] (1)make a difference to 对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference (to...) (对……)有/没有/很少有作用或影响 (2)tell the difference (between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……) [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·北京卷)His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make _ difference in the world． ②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference _______ them． (2)词汇升级 I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviour will work． ③I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviour will _________________． 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·北京卷)His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world． ②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them． (2)词汇升级 I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviour will work． ③I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviour will make a difference． 11．compare...to/with...与……比较 [佳句背诵]Comparing wealth to/with happiness, I favour the latter． 把财富和幸福相比，我更喜欢后者。 [归纳拓展] (1)compare v．比较；匹敌；把……比作 n.比较 compare...to/with...把……比作…… compared to/with...与……比较起来，较之……(通常作状语) beyond/without compare 无与伦比 (2)comparison n.比较；对照；比喻 in comparison with 与……相比 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①You can compare your actual timetable _______ the planned one to see how well you actually use your time． ②(2023·浙江卷1月)_________ to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing． ③__________ (compare) Chinese cultures with overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it． (2)一句多译 比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。 ④___________________________________ and you will know how to make a choice．(祈使句) ⑤_____________________________________, you will know how to make a choice．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①You can compare your actual timetable to/with the planned one to see how well you actually use your time． ②(2023·浙江卷1月)Compared to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing． ③Comparing (compare) Chinese cultures with overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it． (2)一句多译 比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。 ④Compare the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice．(祈使句) ⑤Comparing the quality of different brands, you will know how to make a choice．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 12．rather than 连接两个并列成分 [佳句背诵](2022·全国乙卷写作)Therefore, students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching movies or listening to music too much． 因此，学生应该抽出更多的时间来阅读英语，而不是看太多电影或听太多音乐。 [归纳拓展] (1)rather than意为“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分，可连接名词、代词、介词（短语）、谓语动词、动词­ing形式及不定式。 (3)or rather更确切地说 (4)other than除……之外 (5)more than很，非常，超过，不仅仅 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①You rather than I ___ (be) to make a speech at the meeting． ②Most men prefer to spend the weekends at home rather than __ (go) shopping． ③Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than ________ (judge) everything so harshly． (2)一句多译 如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视而不是关掉我的手机。 ④If I had to give up one of them, I _____________________________________________ my cellphone．(prefer) ⑤If I had to give up one of them, I ____________________________________________ my cellphone．(would rather) ⑥If I had to give up one of them, I ____________________________________________ my cellphone．(rather than) 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①You rather than I are (be) to make a speech at the meeting． ②Most men prefer to spend the weekends at home rather than go (go) shopping． ③Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge (judge) everything so harshly． (2)一句多译 如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视而不是关掉我的手机。 ④If I had to give up one of them, I would prefer to turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone．(prefer) ⑤If I had to give up one of them, I would rather turn off the TV than switch off my cellphone．(would rather) ⑥If I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone．(rather than) Tips: rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 13．sb./sth.seems/seemed＋不定式 [佳句背诵](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)The gentle breeze and singing birds seem to cheer for him． 柔和的微风和歌唱的鸟儿似乎在为他欢呼。 [归纳拓展] “sb./sth.seems/seemed ＋不定式”是固定句型，表示“某人/某物看来……/好像……”，该句型可转化为It seems/seemed that...。 含seem的相关句型，常用的还有： It seems＋adj./n.＋to do sth.做某事看起来好像…… It seems as if/as though...看起来好像…… There seem(s) (to be)...看起来有…… [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①There doesn't seem _____ (be) much hope of our beating that team． ②I seem ____________ (leave) my book at home． ③It seems difficult ________ (learn) so many new words by heart in such a short time． (2)同义句转换 He seems to be fit for the present job． ④_____________ he is fit for the present job． 答案：(1)单句语法填空 ①There doesn't seem to be (be) much hope of our beating that team． ②I seem to have left (leave) my book at home． ③It seems difficult to learn (learn) so many new words by heart in such a short time． (2)同义句转换 He seems to be fit for the present job． ④It seems that he is fit for the present job． 题目：语法填空 (模拟)Reducing the number of calories every day is the ticket to good health．It works in lab animals．It also works in human 1．________ (being)．The name of the method is “caloric restriction”．It increases the life length of animals．It even reduces their rate of cancer and other diseases 2．________ happen as people age．Reducing calories usually 3．________ (make) a difference to young and middle­aged adults． Researchers looked into 4．________ group of healthy men and women aged between 21 and 50．Members of the group agreed to reduce calories for two years．They could eat the foods they wanted as long as they cut back 5．________ the total amount of food they ate．They 6．________ (expect) to cut calories by 25 percent by the researchers．Many could not do it．The average calorie reduction was twelve percent．That is a reduction of 7．________ (approximate) 300 calories a day．But it worked．Those 8．________ (practise) calorie reduction lost weight and body fat．Their blood pressure fell a little．Fewer calories lead to better health．Does it lead to a longer life and 9．________ (little) sickness? A doctor said the diet would have to last a long time 10．________ (find) out the answer to this question．Researchers would have to study people for a lifetime to know whether the diet keeps them well and alive longer． 题目：语法填空 答案：1．beings　2．that/which　3．makes　4．a　5．on 6．were expected　7．approximately　8．practising 9．less　10．to find 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$