Unit 2 Let’s celebrate!情态动词(II)（单元核心语法精练）英语外研版2019必修第二册

Unit 2 Let’s celebrate! 核心语法精练 （情态动词can/could/may/might/must以及“情态动词+have done”的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、选词填空 8 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 单句语法填空 9 题型二 语篇语法填空 10 一、情态动词 can 和 could 的用法 1.表示能力 can：表示现在的能力，即某人 “能，会” 做某事。例如：She can speak English fluently.（她能流利地说英语。） could：是 can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。例如：He could run faster when he was young.（他年轻时能跑得更快。） 注意：表示将来的能力，通常用 will be able to。例如：I will be able to drive a car next month.（下个月我将能开车。） 2.表示许可（请求和给予许可） 请求许可：can常用于口语中，较为直接。Can I use your phone?（我可以用你的手机吗？）could比 can 更委婉客气，并不表示过去。Could I have a glass of water?（我可以喝杯水吗？）回答以 Can 或 Could 开头的请求许可的问句时，肯定回答常用 can，否定回答常用 can't。例如：-Can/Could I go out now? -Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 给予许可：表示自己允许别人做某事时，一般用 can，不用 could。例如：You can borrow my book.（你可以借我的书。） 3.表示推测 can： 常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对现在或将来情况的推测。在否定句中，can't 表示 “不可能”。例如：It can't be true.（那不可能是真的。） 在疑问句中，表示 “可能，会”。What can he be doing now?（他现在可能在做什么呢？） 用于肯定句中时，通常表示理论上的可能性，即从理论或逻辑上分析是可能的，但实际未必会发生。Anyone can make mistakes.（任何人都可能犯错。） could： 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，表示对现在或将来情况的推测，语气比 can 更弱，可能性更小。He could be at home.（他可能在家。） 也可用于虚拟语气中，表示与事实不符的假设或愿望。If I could fly, I would go to the moon.（如果我能飞，我会去月球。） 特殊句型 cannot…too / enough：表示 “无论怎么…… 也不过分”“越…… 越好”。You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.（过马路时，你越小心越好。） cannot but+ do sth.：表示 “不得不，只好”。I cannot but admire his courage.（我不得不佩服他的勇气。） 二、情态动词 may 和 might 的用法 1.表示许可（请求和给予许可） 请求许可：may意为 “可以”，较为正式。May I have a look at your new watch?（我可以看看你的新手表吗？）might比 may 更委婉，同样不表示过去。Might I ask you a question?（我可以问你个问题吗？）回答以 May 或 Might 开头的请求许可的问句时，肯定回答常用 may，否定回答常用 mustn't（表示禁止）或 may not（语气较弱）。例如：-May/Might I leave now? -Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't. / No, you may not. 给予许可：表示自己允许别人做某事时，通常用 may，不用 might。You may stay here for a while.（你可以在这里待一会儿。） 2.表示推测 may： 用于肯定句和否定句中，表示对现在或将来情况的推测，意为 “可能，也许”。He may be in the library now.（他现在可能在图书馆。） 后接动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测；后接 be doing，表示对现在正在进行的动作的推测；后接 be going to do，表示对将来情况的推测。It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。） might： 同样用于肯定句和否定句中，表示推测，语气比 may 更不确定，可能性更小。The news might be true, but I'm not sure.（这个消息可能是真的，但我不确定。） 也可表示对过去情况的推测，用 “might + have done” 结构。He might have gone to the cinema last night.（他昨晚可能去看电影了。） 其他用法 表示祝愿：用 “May + 主语 + 动词原形” 结构。May you have a happy new year!（祝你新年快乐！） 用于目的状语从句：常与 in order that 或 so that 连用，表示 “为了，以便”。He gets up early every day so that he may catch the first bus.（他每天早起以便能赶上第一班公交车。） 用于让步状语从句：No matter what may happen, we should stay calm.（无论发生什么，我们都应该保持冷静。） may/might as well：意为 “还是…… 好，不妨”，用于提出建议。You may as well tell him the truth.（你不妨把真相告诉他。） 三、情态动词 must 的用法 1.表示必要性或义务 意为 “必须”，强调说话人的主观意志。You must wear a seatbelt in the car.（你必须在车里系安全带。） 2.表示推测 用于肯定句中，表示对现在情况的肯定推测，语气非常强烈，意为 “一定，肯定”。He must be at home because his car is in the driveway.（他一定在家，因为他的车在车道上。） 对过去情况的肯定推测，用 “must + have done” 结构。She must have gone to bed early last night because she looks so tired today.（她昨晚一定很早就睡了，因为她今天看起来很疲惫。） 否定形式：mustn't 表示 “禁止，不允许”。You mustn't smoke in the hospital.（你禁止在医院吸烟。） 注意：表示 “不必”，用 needn't 或 don't have to，而不是 mustn't。You needn't/don't have to come so early.（你不必来这么早。） 四、“情态动词 + have done” 的用法 1.can/could + have done can + have done：常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去情况的推测。在否定句中，can't have done 表示 “过去不可能做了某事”。He can't have finished the work so soon.（他不可能这么快就完成了工作。）在疑问句中，表示 “过去可能做了某事吗？”Can he have gone to Beijing yesterday?（他昨天可能去北京了吗？） could + have done：（1）表示对过去情况的推测，意为 “过去可能做了某事”。It could have rained last night.（昨晚可能下雨了。）（2）表示过去本来有能力做某事，但实际上没有做，意为 “本来可以……”。You could have passed the exam if you had worked harder.（如果你更努力学习，本来是可以通过考试的。）（3）用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的假设。If I could have helped you, I would have.（如果我当时能帮你，我就帮了。） 2.may/might + have done 表示对过去情况的推测，意为 “过去可能已经做了某事”。He may/might have missed the train.（他可能已经错过了火车。）might 比 may 的可能性更小。 might have done 还可表示过去本可以做某事但未做，有轻微责备的意味。You might have told me earlier.（你本可以早点告诉我。） 3.must + have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，语气十分肯定，意为 “过去一定做了某事”。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.（地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 4.should/ought to + have done 表示过去本应该做某事，但实际上没有做，含有责备或后悔的意味。You should/ought to have come to the meeting on time.（你本应该按时来参加会议的。） 其否定形式 shouldn't/ought not to have done 表示过去本不应该做某事，但实际上做了。You shouldn't/ought not to have told him the secret.（你本不应该告诉他这个秘密的。） 5.needn't + have done 表示过去本不必做某事，但实际上做了。You needn't have bought so much food. There will be only a few people coming.（你本不必买这么多食物的，只有几个人会来。） 一、单项选择 1．—“Who indeed sent you this gift?” —“Well, it’s from my boyfriend, if you ________ know.” A．should B．can C．may D．must 2．—Shall we take a taxi? —No, we ______. It’s only ten minutes’ walk. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．daren’t 3．— The man in black ______ be Tom. It is his typical dressing style. — No, it ______ be him. He is away on holiday. A．must; mustn’t B．must; can’t C．can; mustn’t D．can; can’t 4．Despite checking the fuel and battery, the engine ____________ start, leaving us trapped in the middle of nowhere. A．wouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 5．—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour. —Believe it or not, I made it. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．couldn’t 6．—According to the library rules, a student _________ borrow four books at most at a time, so it’s OK for you to borrow these four books today. —I see. Thanks, Mr. Zhang. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．needn’t 7．— ______ you cook dishes? — Yes, I can. But they are simple. A．Can B．Would C．Need D．Could 8．—John, children ______ play with the knife. Stop it quickly! —OK. I know they ______ hurt themselves like that. A．can’t, should B．shouldn’t, must C．mustn’t, may D．may not, can’t 9．People are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It ______ cause danger. A．might B．might not C．should D．should not 10．— That woman ______ be Spanish but I am not sure. She sounds Spanish though. — I suppose you need to ask her to make it clear. A．should B．may C．would D．must 11．I know Sophia’s favourite star is a female singer, so it ________ be this actor. A．may not B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t 12．— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table. — Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died. A．could have got B．should have got C．must have got D．will have got 13．I can’t find my glasses. I ________ them in the library yesterday, but I’m not certain. A．should leave B．must have left C．might leave D．could have left 14．Sarah stared at the finished puzzle in disbelief — all the edge pieces were perfectly connected, but the center section was entirely blank. She _______ such a careless oversight while assembling it. A．couldn’t have made B．shouldn’t make C．mustn’t have made D．wouldn’t have made 15．Peter ________ too far. His coffee is still warm. A．mustn’t have gone B．shouldn’t have gone C．can’t have gone D．needn’t have gone 16．The ancient manuscript ______ with extreme care but it was damaged a lot. A．must be handled B．must have been handled C．should be handled D．should have been handled 17．—You ________ with your father before you decided. —Yes, but he was too busy to answer my phone. A．should consult B．must consult C．must have consulted D．should have consulted 18．Skills like critical thinking and analysis ______ found on the Internet, because they must be acquired in the context of facts. A．mustn’t be B．can’t be C．shouldn’t have been D．needn’t have been 19．You ________ Lisa the news that the sports meeting had been put off because it was she who informed us of it. A．needn’t have told B．could have told C．must have told D．wouldn’t have told 20．I______ the whole cake last night; I feel so full and uncomfortable today. A．couldn’t have eaten B．needn’t have eaten C．wouldn’t have eaten D．shouldn’t have eaten 21．During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t stop thinking about how huge a project it ________ have been to build it in ancient times. A．must B．could C．should D．need 22．Jon did a great job in the speech contest. He ________ many times last week. A．need have practised B．might have practised C．must have practised D．should have practised 23．The manager ______ have thought Johnson was worth it, so he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business. A．would B．must C．should D．could 24．Since nobody gave Riddle any help, he ________ have done the research on his own. A．can B．need C．must D．should 25．I heard that your team won the basketball match yesterday. You ______ have practised a lot before it. A．must B．need C．can D．should 26．You ______ have written such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words. A．would B．couldn’t C．should D．needn’t 27．I actually ________ have bought so much food — only three people came. A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 28．---I wonder why time is late again. ---Well, he ________ his train, or maybe overslept. A．might miss B．may have missed C．should have missed D．must have missed 29．— Where’s Sam? — I don’t know. He _________ to the meeting. A．went B．has gone C．must have gone D．might have gone 30．— I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted. — Well, you never know! You ________ a better impression than you think. A．may have made B．should have made C．couldn’t have made. D．needn’t have made 二、选词填空 选词填空：can，could，may，might，must(包含其否定形式) 31．— I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning. — You be imagining things. He left for America last night. 32．— Is John coming by bus? — He should, but he . He likes riding his bike. 33．You view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 34．When he got older, John started to wonder if this process be used to clean up the messes people were making. 35．For example, you want to be a pilot but become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 三、完成句子 36．I , but I’ll do what I can. 我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。 37．He because he had lunch just now. 他不可能饿，因为刚刚吃了饭。 38．He write when he was five years old. 他五岁时就会写字。 39．He be in the room. 他不可能在房间里。 40．我弄不明白他为什么没来聚会。 I why he didn’t come to the party. 41． he come in? 他进来行吗？ 42． I borrow your pen? 我可以借用你的钢笔吗？ 43．Li Hong lose her way. 李红可能迷路了。 44．He because he was ill. 他不可能完成这项工作，因为他病了。 45．He the book. 也许他已经看过这本书。 46．You talk so much about London. You . 你谈论了那么多关于伦敦的事，你一定到过那儿。 47．He I was joking. 他肯定觉得我是在开玩笑。 48．You me this earlier. 你本应该早点告诉我这件事。 49．You Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. 可你没法把吉米拖出纽约；他觉得地球上只有（纽约）这么一个地方。 50．I Peter with his work, but I had a lot of things to do myself. 我本应该帮助彼得工作，但是我自己有很多事情要做。 一、单句语法填空（用适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空） 1．I never thank you too much. I owe my progress to you. 2．Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that go wrong. 3．Although Nancy is usually easy-going, she be annoying sometimes. 4．He be attending the meeting now because he has gone to Beijing on business. 5．In humans, babies put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 6．— Jim, you work this Sunday? — Why me? I’ve been working for two weeks on end. 7．You try telephoning Mr. Smith. He be at home now. 8．Who it be from? 9．As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they . 10．You said we (watch) TV when we finished our homework. 11．— It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She have forgotten the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened? 12．Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, but it also be depressing at times. 13．—Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I   (go) to the concert instead. 14．Liza well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. 15．People talk on a mobile phone while they are driving. 16． you make so much noise, Jimmy? Your little sister is still sleeping. 17．The magazine be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 18．If you know, it’s from my boyfriend. 19．They ought to (arrive) at lunchtime but the flight was delayed. 20．Using supercomputer, many labs are now conducting experiments that couldn’t (be) possible in the past. 21．Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must have (drink) too much at the party last night. 22．They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 23．Jack described his father, who have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. 24．Who knows what will happen? You (marry) by then. 25．I think he (try) to get more qualifications before applying for the job. 二、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （一） Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, a man of distinction. Born in Shanghai, he left for the California Institute of Technology to study in 1936 and received his doctorate in aeronautics and mathematics in 1939. After that, he was employed as 26 assistant researcher at California Institute of Technology. Qian’s missile designs laid the foundation for the successful building of missiles in the US in the 1940s and 1950s, 27 (make) him a world-renowned missile man. When he learnt of the 28 (excite) news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian resolutely gave up his privileged conditions in the USA and decided to return to his longed-for homeland to contribute as much as he could 29 his own nation. Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was 30 (active) involved in research work. Under his 31 (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first short-range missile in 1960, 32 in 1964, it was a great success to run the flight test of China's first mid-and-short-range missile. In 1965, Qian’s proposal 33 (develop) an artificial satellite was included in the country’s key projects, after 34 the first artificial satellite was finally launched into space in 1970. In 1999, Qian Xuesen was awarded the “Meritorious Medal of Two Bombs and One Satellite”, and 35 (honour) as the “Father of Chinese Aerospace” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry. （二） By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick, has gain 36 (popular) for its similarity with modern latte art (咖啡拉花) Chabaixi can create 37 (end) patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, 38 getting fine tea powder, pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick foam (泡沫), to finally 39 (draw) the patterns. It is different from making latte 40 people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of foamed tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea-making technique, Diancha, 41 quality is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later. Chabaixi is one of the countless 42 (form) of tea-making techniques in China. The significance of Chabaixi is that it is not only 43 unique technique, but also gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty. It would be a shame 44 (let) it disappear, and this technique must 45 (pass) on to the next generations so we can understand its history. 答案与解析 B部分参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：——“到底是谁送你的这个礼物？”——“如果你一定要知道的话，那好吧，是我男朋友送的。”A. should应该，竟然；B. can能够，可能；C. may可能；D. must必须，一定要。结合“it’s from my boyfriend”可知，此处指“如果你一定要知道的话”那么就告诉“你”真相，must“一定要”符合语境。故选D。 2．B 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——我们乘出租车好吗？——不，我们不需要。走路只要十分钟。A. couldn’t不能；B. needn’t不必；C. mustn’t禁止；D. daren’t不敢。根据“It’s only ten minutes’ walk.”可知，走路只需十分钟，所以没必要打车。故选B。 3．B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——穿黑衣服的那个人一定是汤姆。这是他典型的穿着风格。——不，不可能是他。他外出度假了。A. must; mustn’t一定，禁止；B. must; can’t一定，不可能；C. can; mustn’t可能，禁止；D. can; can’t可能，不可能。根据“It is his typical dressing style.”可知，第一空是肯定推测，用must表示肯定推测；根据“He is away on holiday.”可知，第二空是否定推测，用can’t表示否定推测。故选B。 4．A 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：尽管检查了油量和电池，发动机却怎么也不肯启动，导致我们被困在这荒无人烟之地。A. wouldn’t不愿意，过去时；B. can’t不能，无法，现在时；C. mustn’t禁止，不得；D. needn’t不必。根据“Despite checking the fuel and battery”可知，句子描述的是反复尝试但失败的过去情境，wouldn’t“不愿意”符合题意，其用法表示过去的习惯或反复性的动作。故选A。 5．D 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：——你不可能已经完成了那份报告的，毕竟才过了一个小时嘛。——信不信由你，我做到了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. couldn’t不可能。根据后文“it’s only been an hour.”可知，表示不可能已经完成了那份报告的。故选D。 6．B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——根据图书馆规定，一个学生一次最多可以借四本书，所以你今天借这四本书是可以的。——我明白了。谢谢，张老师。A. must必须；B. can可以，能够；C. mustn’t禁止；D. needn’t不必。由语意可知，图书馆规则表明学生“具备借四本书的权限”，强调“允许、能够”的含义。故选B项。 7．A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你会做菜吗？——是的，我会。但它们很简单。A. Can可以，能；B. Would将，会；C. Need需要；D. Could可以，能。根据答语“Yes, I can.”可知，一般疑问句也用can提问，表示“能，会”，且此处是提问一个事实，使用一般现在时，故选A。 8．C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——约翰，孩子们不能玩刀。快停下!——好的。我知道他们可能会像那样伤害到他们自己。A. can’t不可能；should应该；B. shouldn’t应该；must一定；C. mustn’t禁止；may可能；D. may not可能不；can’t不可能。根据“John, children... play with the knife. Stop it quickly”可知，应是禁止玩刀，因此第一空用情态动词mustn’t；根据“hurt themselves like that”可知，玩刀可能让他们受伤，这是没有把握的推测，因此第二空用情态动词may，故选C。 9．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：人们不允许在森林里玩火。这可能会造成危险。A. might可能，表示推测；B. might not可能不，表示推测；C. should应该，表示建议；D. should not不应该，表示建议。根据“People are not allowed to play with fire in the forest.”可知，在森林里不可以玩火，因此推测可能会造成危险，故选A。 10．B 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——那个女人可能是西班牙人，但我不确定。不过她听起来像西班牙人。——我想你得问她一下才能弄清楚。A. should应该，表示责任、义务或建议；B. may可能，也许，表示可能性；C. would会，常用于过去将来时态或表示意愿；D. must一定，必须，表示强烈的肯定推测或必要性。根据“but I am not sure”可知，说话者对那个女人是否是西班牙人并不确定，只是一种猜测，情态动词may表示“可能”，符合这种不确定的语境。故选B项。 11．D 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我知道索菲亚最喜欢的明星是一位女歌手，所以不可能是这位男演员。根据上文的“I know Sophia’s favourite star is a female singer”可知，索菲亚最喜欢的明星是一位女歌手，由此可知，此处需用否定推测表示“不可能”，can’t 表 “不可能”，符合事实否定语境；may not（可能不）语气弱，mustn’t（禁止）不表推测，shouldn’t（不应该）均不符合语境。故选D项。 12．A 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法辨析。句意：——彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具上光剂。——她真幸运。她本可能生病甚至死亡。A. could have got本可能做某事(实际未发生)；B. should have got本应该做某事(实际未做)；C. must have got一定做了某事(对过去事情的肯定推测)；D. will have got是将来完成时，表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。根据“narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish”以及“Luckily for her”可知，小女儿幸运地没喝到家具上光剂，否则就可能生病甚至死亡，这里是说一种本可能发生的情况。所以用could have got符合语境。故选A项。 13．D 【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。句意：我找不到我的眼镜。我昨天可能把它们忘在图书馆了，但我不确定。由“them in the library yesterday, but I’m not certain”可知，句子表示“我昨天可能把它们忘在图书馆了，但我不确定”，空格处所在句子是对过去事情的推测，could have done意为“可能做过某事”，故选D。 14．A 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：莎拉难以置信地盯着完成的拼图——所有的边缘部分都完美地连接在一起，但中间部分却一片空白。她在组装时不可能疏忽大意。整句都是过去发生的动作，couldn’t have done表示对过去行为的否定推测（过去不可能做过某事），故选A项。 15．C 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：彼得不可能走得太远。他的咖啡还是热的。A. mustn’t have gone错误用法，mustn’t不能用于否定推测，仅表禁止；B. shouldn’t have gone本不该走（却走了）；C. can’t have gone不可能已经走了；D. needn’t have gone本不必走（却走了）。根据“His coffee is still warm. (他的咖啡还是热的)”可知，彼得不可能走得太远，因此空处应填入表示否定推测的情态动词结构can’t have gone“不可能已经走了”。故选C。 16．D 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：这份古代手稿本应非常小心地处理，但却损坏了很多。根据句意可知，空格涉及“should have done”的用法，意为“本应该做某事（但实际上没做）”，“manuscript”和“handle”为被动关系，故空格处应用“should have been done”，“handle”的过去分词为“handled”，故空格处应用“should have been handled”。故选D项。 17．D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——在你做决定之前，你本应该和你父亲商量一下的。——是的，但是他太忙了，没接我的电话。A. should consult应该商量（一般现在时）；B. must consult必须商量（一般现在时）；C. must have consulted一定商量过（对过去情况的肯定推测）；D. should have consulted本应该商量（但实际上没有，对过去情况的虚拟）。根据答语“but he was too busy to answer my phone”可知，父亲没接电话，即实际上“我”在做决定之前没有和父亲商量，这里是对过去情况的虚拟，表达“本应该做某事但实际上没做”应该用“should have done”结构。故选D项。 18．B 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：批判性思维和分析能力不可能仅从互联网上获得，因为这些能力必须在事实的语境中习得。A. mustn’t be禁止，不允许；B. can’t be不可能；C. shouldn’t have been本不该，隐含“过去已发生但不应如此”的后悔语气；D. needn’t have been本不必，强调“过去无需发生但发生了”。根据“because they must be acquired in the context of facts”可知，句子强调互联网无法提供这类技能的学习条件，表示客观上不可能，can’t be“不可能”符合题意。故选B。 19．A 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：你本不必把运动会推迟的消息告诉丽莎，因为是她通知我们的。A. needn’t have told本来不必告诉（但实际上做了）；B. could have told本来可以告诉（但实际上没做）；C. must have told一定告诉了，对过去事情的肯定推测；D. wouldn’t have told本来不会告诉，通常用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。根据后文“because it was she who informed us of it”指不必告诉消息，因为是她通知的，故选A。 20．D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：昨晚我不应该把整个蛋糕都吃掉；我今天觉得很饱，很不舒服。A. couldn’t have eaten过去不可能吃了；B. needn’t have eaten本没必要吃但吃了；C. wouldn’t have eaten过去不会吃；D. shouldn’t have eaten本不应该吃。根据“I feel so full and uncomfortable today.”可知，昨晚本不应该把整个蛋糕都吃掉但实际上吃了，含有责备、后悔的意思。故选D。 21．A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：上周我们去长城的时候，我一直在想，在古代修建长城一定是一项多么浩大的工程啊。A. must必须，一定；B. could可以；C. should应该；D. need需要。结合句意及“to build it in ancient times”可知，此处表示对过去肯定的推测，指在古代修建长城一定是一项非常浩大的工程，故选A。 22．C 【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”固定短语辨析。句意：乔恩在演讲比赛中表现出色。上周他一定练习了很多次。A. need have practised(本需要做某事而未做，虚拟用法)；B. might have practised(可能做过，推测用法；本来能做事而未做，虚拟用法)；C. must have practised(一定做过，推测用法)；D. should have practised(本应该做某事而未做，虚拟用法)。根据句中“Jon did a great job”和“last week”可推知，乔恩表现出色，他上周一定是练习过很多次，是对过去情况的肯定推测，用“must have practised”，意为“一定练习过”。故选C项。 23．B 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：经理一定认为约翰逊很有价值，所以他给了他很多机会来提高业务技能。A. would会；B. must一定；C. should应该；D. could可能。根据“he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business”可知，经理“一定”认为约翰逊很有价值，所以给了他很多机会，此处表示对过去情况有把握的肯定推测，must have done符合语法语境。故选B项。 24．C 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：由于没有人给里德尔任何帮助，他一定是自己完成了这项研究。A. can能够；B. need需要；C. must必须，一定；D. should应该。由“Since nobody gave Riddle any help”和“have done the research on his own”可知，此处指一定是他自己完成了研究，表示对过去肯定推测，所以应用must have done形式。故选C项。 25．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我听说你们队昨天赢得了篮球比赛。想必你们在比赛前做了大量的训练吧。根据上文I heard that your team won the basketball match yesterday.可知，must have done表示对过去事实肯定的推测。故选A。 26．D 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：你本不必写这么长的一篇文章。老师只要300字，而你写了600字。A. would将要，会（would have done一般用于虚拟语气）；B. couldn’t不能，不可能（couldn’t have done意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去情况的否定推测）；C. should应该，应当（should have done意为“本应该做某事（而实际上没做）”）；D. needn’t不必，不需要（needn’t have done意为“不必做某事”）。根据语境，老师只要求300字，而实际写了600字，说明“写这么长”是没有必要的，needn’t符合“本不必做某事但做了”的含义。故选D项。 27．D 【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。句意：我其实本不需要买这么多食物——只来了三个人。A. wouldn’t have done 过去不会做（表过去的意愿或假设）；B. couldn’t have done 过去不可能做（表否定推测）；C. mustn’t have done 无此用法（must表推测时仅用于肯定句）；D. needn’t have done 本不需要做（实际却做了）。根据“only three people came”可知，买太多食物是不必要的行为，“needn’t have done”表示“本不必做某事”，符合语境。故选D项。 28．B 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意上：——我想知道怎么又迟到了？——嗯， 他要么错过了火车，要么或许睡过了头。may/might+have done的形式表示对过去发生事情的不确定的推测。根据句子中的maybe一词可知，前面对于错过火车也是推测，may/might+have done符合句意。故选C项。 29．D 【解析】考查might have done用法。句意：——Sam在哪里？——我不知道。他也许去开会了。根据I don’t know.可知，表示不确定Sam去了哪里，用情态动词might have done结构。故选D。 30．A 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：——老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。——唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A. may have made可能；B. should have made本应该做；C. couldn’t have made不可能做；D. needn’t have made本不必做。根据“a better impression than you think”可知，此处是指你给别人留下的印象可能比你想象的要好，所以应用may have done表示“可能”，此处是对过去不太肯定的推测。故选A。 二、 31．must 32．may not/might not 33．can 34．could 35． may/might can’t 【解析】31．考查情态动词。句意：——我肯定今天早上在公园里看到Brian了。——你一定是想象的。他昨晚去美国了。根据后文的“He left for America last night.”可知Brian已经离开了，不可能看到他。所以用must，表示肯定的推测。故填must。 32．考查情态动词。句意：——John坐公共汽车来吗？ ——他应该是，但可能没坐。他喜欢骑自行车。根据“but”及后文的“He likes riding his bike.”可知John喜欢骑自行车，猜测他可能没有坐公共汽车,用may not/might not表示推测。故填may not/might not。 33．考查情态动词。句意：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。可知此处用一般现在时，结合句意这些实践是可以起辅助作用的，表示“能够，可以”用情态动词can。故填can。 34．考查情态动词。句意：当John长大后，他开始怀疑这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。结合句意此处表示“能够，可以”，句中为一般过去时，用情态动词could。故选could。 35．考查情态动词。句意：例如，你可能想成为一名飞行员，但因为视力不够好而无法成为飞行员。此处为一般现在时，根据句意，想成为一名飞行员是一种猜测，用may/might，视力不好是一定不能成为飞行员的，表肯定的猜测用can’t。故填①may/might②can’t。 三、 36．can’t promise anything 【解析】考查情态动词。根据中文提示“不能许诺什么”，can't表示能力的否定，即“不能”，promise意为“许诺”，anything用于否定句表示“任何事物”。故填can’t promise anything。 37．can’t be hungry 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。结合句意，此处为对现在的否定推测，应用can’t do/be“不可能……”，“饥饿的”表达为hungry，和be动词一起构成系表结构。故填can’t be hungry。 38．could 【解析】考查情态动词。表示“会”使用情态动词can，表示能力，根据“when he was five years old”可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填could。 39．can’t 【解析】考查情态动词。表示“不可能”，用can’t，表示对某事进行否定推测。故填can’t。 40．can’t figure out 【解析】考查动词短语。“弄明白”用动词短语“figure out”，作谓语，“弄不明白”，在前面加上否定情态动词“can’t”，故填can’t figure out。 41．May 【解析】考查情态动词。此处表示请求或允许，使用情态动词may，首字母应大写。故填May。 42．May 【解析】考查情态动词。此处表示请求许可，使用情态动词may，首字母应大写。故填May。 43．may 【解析】考查情态动词。表示推测，结合句意，此表示“可能”使用情态动词may。故填may。 44．couldn’t have finished the work 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。表示对过去动作的推测，用情态动词+have done，再结合句意可知，本句为couldn’t have done，表示“不可能做了某事”，“完成这项工作”为finish the work。故填couldn’t have finished the work。 45．may have read/might have read 【解析】考查情态动词+have done句型。根据中文提示，这个句子表示对过去情况的一种不确定的推测，可以使用may或者might+have done的形式，注意“看（书）”read的过去分词是read。故答案是may have read/might have read。 46．must have been there 【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意中的“你一定到过那儿”可知，此处表示“对过去的肯定推测”，应该用must have done表示；“你一定到过那儿”翻译为You must have been there。故填must have been there。 47．must have thought 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。根据句意以及下文中的谓语动词was可知，此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测，应用must have done，表示“觉得”可以为think，所以表示“肯定觉得”为must have thought。故填must have thought。 48．should have told 【解析】考查虚拟语气。“本应该做某事”用should have done表示；“告诉”是tell。故填should have told。 49．couldn’t have dragged 【解析】考查情态动词+完成式。根据句意和后文thought可知，此处可用couldn’t have done结构，表示对过去的推测，意为“不可能做某事”，表示“拖出”可用动词drag的过去分词。故填couldn’t have dragged。 50．should have helped 【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“本应该帮助”，可用should have done表示“本来应该做某事，但实际上没有做”，“帮助”可用动词help。故填should have helped。 C部分参考答案 一、 1．can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我再怎么感谢你都不为过。我的进步归功于你。分析句子可知，这里考查固定表达“can never...too much”，意思是“再…… 也不为过”，符合语境。故填can。 2．could 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：数百万人通过黑白电视机观看了第一次月球登陆，他们的心都提到了嗓子眼，深知这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也清楚有很多事情可能会出错。根据语境，这里表达的是一种可能性，“could”有“能够、可能”的意思，符合描述登月过程中存在很多事情出错的可能性这一语境。故填could。 3．can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：尽管南希通常很随和，但她有时可能会让人感到恼火。此处需要使用情态动词can，意为“有时可能会”，在这里表示一种可能性，说明南希虽然通常随和，但偶尔也会有让人恼火的时候。故填can。 4．can’t 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：他现在不可能在参加会议，因为他出差去北京了。此处表示推测，意为“不可能”，使用can’t。故填can’t。 5．can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在人类中，婴儿大约一岁时就能将圆形物体放入圆形孔洞中，但还需要再过一年，他们才能对不太对称的形状做同样的动作。根据下文“put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age(一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆洞里)”可推理出空白处应填表示“可以，能够”含义的表达，用can。故填can。 6．can/could 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——吉姆，这个周日你能上班吗？ ——为什么是我？我已经连续工作了两个星期了。根据答语“Why me? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.”可知，Jim对此表示不满，应是对上文要求的回应，故空处应询问能否工作，应用情态动词can或could询问某人是否能够做某事。故填can/could。 7． can may 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你可以试着给史密斯先生打电话。他现在可能在家。句子为一般现在时，第一空表示建议，可以，应用can；第二空表示对现在的推测应用情态动词may。故填①can；②may。 8．could 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：会是谁寄来的呢？根据句意可知，此处为情态动词could意为“可能”，用于疑问句，表示对过去情况的推测。故填could。 9．can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：作为父母，他们会尽可能长时间地为孩子们保持这种魔力。句子在陈述经常性的行为，表示能力，意为“能够，可能”应用情态动词can。故填can。 10．could watch 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你说我们做完作业就可以看电视。句子表示“做完作业就可以看电视”，“可以”是情态动词can，其后跟动词原形，由said是过去式可知，can要变为过去式could，因此空格处是could watch。故填could watch。 11．can/could/may/might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——快到七点四十五分了，贝丝还没出现。——她可能/也许忘记了时间。我为什么不打电话看看发生了什么事？根据句意可知，此处表示对过去发生事情的推测，且把握性不大，表示“可能/也许已经做了某事”，所以应用can/could/may/might have done结构。故填can/could/may/might。 12．can/could/may/might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：科技理应让我们的生活更轻松，但它有时也会让人沮丧。根据句意可知，此处表示可能性，应用情态动词can、could、may或might。故填can/could/may/might。 13．might go 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你要来参加杰夫的聚会吗？——我不确定。我可能会改去听音乐会了。I’m not sure（我不确定）表明说话人对是否去Jeff的派对持犹豫态度，故此处需要用表示“可能性”的情态动词might，表达“或许会去听音乐会”的不确定语气。故填might go。 14．may/might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她讨厌旅游。根据设空处后的well可知本空填may或might, may/might well do sth. 相当于 be very likely to do sth. 意为“很可能做某事”，符合句意，故填may/might。 15．mustn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：禁止人们在开车时打电话。根据句意及常识可知，此处表示“禁止”，应用情态动词must的否定形式mustn’t。故填mustn’t。 16．Must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Jimmy，你非要弄出这么大的噪音吗？你妹妹还在睡觉。根据后文内容可知，此处表示说话人的不满，情态动词must意为“偏要，非要……不可，后接动词原形，且位于句首首字母大写。故填Must。 17．must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这本杂志一定是露西的。我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。根据“We can see her name on the cover. (我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。)”可知，这本杂志“一定”是露西的，表示对现在情况的肯定推测，应用情态动词must。故填must。 18．must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你一定要知道的，这是我男朋友给的。在此处表示“非得，偏要”，应用情态动词must，if you must (do sth)为固定句型，意思是“如果你一定要（那么做）”。故填must。 19．have arrived 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：他们本应在午餐时间到达的，但航班却延误了。根据句中的ought to和the flight was delayed可知，此处表示“本应该做某事而没做”，用ought to have done表示。故填have arrived。 20．have been 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：许多实验室现在使用超级计算机进行过去不可能实现的实验。根据couldn’t和in the past可知，这里是对过去情况的否定推测，应用couldn’t have done，意思是“过去不可能……”。故填have been。 21．drunk 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词must have done，表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“肯定做过某事”。空格处需填入动词drink的过去分词形式drunk，与last night时间状语呼应，表明对过去动作的推断。故填drunk。 22．should 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但他们的航班延误了。设空处应填情态动词，再结合句意“本应该”是should，should have done表示“本应该做，实际却没做”。符合语境。故填should。 23．must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：杰克形容他的父亲是一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前一定是个勇敢的男孩。由句中的many years ago可知，句子是对过去的推测，根据a strong-willed man，句子是对过去的肯定推测，对过去的肯定推测使用must have done结构。故填must。 24．may have married 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：谁知道到时会发生什么?也许那时你已经结婚了。前一句 “Who knows what will happen?”暗示未来的不确定性，后一句中的“by then”指未来某个时间点（到那时），整句需表达对未来可能已经完成的动作的推测，用may have done。故填may have married。 25．should have tried 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我认为他本应在申请工作前多考些资格证书。此处表示“本应该做某事”，用should have done表示。故填should have tried。 二、 （一） 26．an 27．making 28．exciting 29．to 30．actively 31．participation 32．and 33．to develop 34．which 35．was honoured 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国航天事业奠基人钱学森的生平事迹以及他对中国航天事业的巨大贡献。 26．考查冠词。句意：之后，他被聘为加州理工学院的助理研究员。assistant researcher为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一名助理研究员”，且assistant以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an来修饰。故填an。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：钱学森的导弹设计为美国在20世纪40年代和50年代成功制造导弹奠定了基础，使他成为世界著名的导弹专家。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词laid，所以此处应用make的非谓语动词形式，前面整个句子与make之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 28．考查形容词。句意：1949年，当他得知中华人民共和国成立这个令人激动的消息时，钱学森毅然放弃了他在美国的优越条件，决定回到他梦寐以求的祖国，尽自己所能为国家做贡献。此处修饰名词news，应用excite的形容词形式exciting作定语，意为“令人激动的”，用于修饰物，故填exciting。 29．考查固定短语。句意：1949年，当他得知中华人民共和国成立这个令人激动的消息时，钱学森毅然放弃了他在美国的优越条件，决定回到他梦寐以求的祖国，尽自己所能为国家做贡献。contribute...to...为固定短语，意为“为……做贡献”。故填to。 30．考查副词。句意：回国后，钱学森积极投身于科研工作。修饰动词involved，应用active的副词形式actively作状语，意为“积极地”。故填actively。 31．考查名词。句意：在他的参与和指导下，中国于1960年成功发射了第一枚近程导弹，1964年，中国第一枚中近程导弹飞行试验取得巨大成功。根据空格前的his及语意可知，此处应用participate的名词形式participation，作宾语，意为“参与”，是不可数名词。故填participation。 32．考查连词。句意：在他的参与和指导下，中国于1960年成功发射了第一枚近程导弹，1964年，中国第一枚中近程导弹飞行试验取得巨大成功。空格前后为两个并列的句子，应用连词and连接，表示顺承关系。故填and。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：1965年，钱学森提出的研制人造卫星的建议被列入国家重点项目，此后，1970年中国第一颗人造卫星终于发射升空。proposal to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的建议”，所以此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to develop。 34．考查定语从句。句意：1965年，钱学森提出的研制人造卫星的建议被列入国家重点项目，此后，1970年中国第一颗人造卫星终于发射升空。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作介词after的宾语，应用which引导。故填which。 35．考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：1999年，钱学森被授予“两弹一星功勋奖章”，因其对中国航天事业的重大贡献，被誉为“中国航天之父”。分析句子结构可知，此处为and连接的并列谓语，主语Qian Xuesen与honour之间为被动关系，且根据时间状语In 1999可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was honoured。 （二） 36．popularity 37．endless 38．from 39．drawing 40．because/since/as 41．whose 42．forms 43．a 44．to let 45．be passed 【解析】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代茶艺“茶百戏”的特点、制作过程及其文化意义，同时还对比了它与现代咖啡拉花艺术的不同，强调了其作为传统技艺传承的重要性。 36．考查名词。句意：“茶百戏”是一种古老的中国茶法，它通过在一杯茶的表面画出图案，与现代拉花艺术相似，因此受到了人们的欢迎，“茶百戏”可以创造出无数的图案，如竹、山甚至书法。本空应填名词popularity“受欢迎，流行”，作has gain的宾语。故填popularity。 37．考查形容词。句意：“茶百戏”是一种古老的中国茶法，它通过在一杯茶的表面画出图案，与现代拉花艺术相似，因此受到了人们的欢迎，“茶百戏”可以创造出无数的图案，如竹、山甚至书法。本空应用形容词endless“无尽的，无穷的”，修饰名词patterns，作前置定语。故填endless。 38．考查介词。句意：有十几个步骤，从获得细茶粉，倒入开水，搅拌混合物产生厚泡沫，最后绘制图案。此处表示列举步骤，from...to...“从……到……”为固定搭配。故填from。 39．考查动名词。句意：有十几个步骤，从获得细茶粉，倒入开水，搅拌混合物产生厚泡沫，最后绘制图案。from...to...“从……到……”为固定搭配，其中to为介词，应用draw“绘制”的动名词形式drawing，作介词to的宾语。故填drawing。 40．考查原因状语从句。句意：它不同于制作拿铁，因为人们使用清水作为加入杯中的对象，而不是牛奶。本句解释了茶百戏与拿铁的不同之处，应用连词because/since/as“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。 41．考查定语从句。句意：绘制前的过程被称为点茶技术，其质量对于后续能否成功制作图案至关重要。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Diancha，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词quality，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 42．考查名词的数。句意：茶百戏只是中国无数泡茶技法中的一种。因为空前有countless“无数的”修饰，form“形式”在此处应使用复数形式forms。故填forms。 43．考查冠词。句意：茶百戏的意义不仅在于它是一种独特的技术，还为我们提供了一扇了解宋代人们生活方式的窗口。此处泛指“一种独特的技术”，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：让它消失是一种耻辱，这项技术必须传给下一代，这样我们才能了解它的历史。It作形式主语，此处是真正的主语，用let“让”的是不定式。故填to let。 45．考查动词语态。句意：让它消失是一种耻辱，这项技术必须传给下一代，这样我们才能了解它的历史。主语this technique与pass“传递”为被动关系，用be passed，must为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填be passed。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Let’s celebrate! 核心语法精练 （情态动词can/could/may/might/must以及“情态动词+have done”的用法） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、选词填空 8 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 单句语法填空 9 题型二 语篇语法填空 10 一、情态动词 can 和 could 的用法 1.表示能力 can：表示现在的能力，即某人 “能，会” 做某事。例如：She can speak English fluently.（她能流利地说英语。） could：是 can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。例如：He could run faster when he was young.（他年轻时能跑得更快。） 注意：表示将来的能力，通常用 will be able to。例如：I will be able to drive a car next month.（下个月我将能开车。） 2.表示许可（请求和给予许可） 请求许可：can常用于口语中，较为直接。Can I use your phone?（我可以用你的手机吗？）could比 can 更委婉客气，并不表示过去。Could I have a glass of water?（我可以喝杯水吗？）回答以 Can 或 Could 开头的请求许可的问句时，肯定回答常用 can，否定回答常用 can't。例如：-Can/Could I go out now? -Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 给予许可：表示自己允许别人做某事时，一般用 can，不用 could。例如：You can borrow my book.（你可以借我的书。） 3.表示推测 can： 常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对现在或将来情况的推测。在否定句中，can't 表示 “不可能”。例如：It can't be true.（那不可能是真的。） 在疑问句中，表示 “可能，会”。What can he be doing now?（他现在可能在做什么呢？） 用于肯定句中时，通常表示理论上的可能性，即从理论或逻辑上分析是可能的，但实际未必会发生。Anyone can make mistakes.（任何人都可能犯错。） could： 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，表示对现在或将来情况的推测，语气比 can 更弱，可能性更小。He could be at home.（他可能在家。） 也可用于虚拟语气中，表示与事实不符的假设或愿望。If I could fly, I would go to the moon.（如果我能飞，我会去月球。） 特殊句型 cannot…too / enough：表示 “无论怎么…… 也不过分”“越…… 越好”。You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.（过马路时，你越小心越好。） cannot but+ do sth.：表示 “不得不，只好”。I cannot but admire his courage.（我不得不佩服他的勇气。） 二、情态动词 may 和 might 的用法 1.表示许可（请求和给予许可） 请求许可：may意为 “可以”，较为正式。May I have a look at your new watch?（我可以看看你的新手表吗？）might比 may 更委婉，同样不表示过去。Might I ask you a question?（我可以问你个问题吗？）回答以 May 或 Might 开头的请求许可的问句时，肯定回答常用 may，否定回答常用 mustn't（表示禁止）或 may not（语气较弱）。例如：-May/Might I leave now? -Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't. / No, you may not. 给予许可：表示自己允许别人做某事时，通常用 may，不用 might。You may stay here for a while.（你可以在这里待一会儿。） 2.表示推测 may： 用于肯定句和否定句中，表示对现在或将来情况的推测，意为 “可能，也许”。He may be in the library now.（他现在可能在图书馆。） 后接动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测；后接 be doing，表示对现在正在进行的动作的推测；后接 be going to do，表示对将来情况的推测。It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。） might： 同样用于肯定句和否定句中，表示推测，语气比 may 更不确定，可能性更小。The news might be true, but I'm not sure.（这个消息可能是真的，但我不确定。） 也可表示对过去情况的推测，用 “might + have done” 结构。He might have gone to the cinema last night.（他昨晚可能去看电影了。） 其他用法 表示祝愿：用 “May + 主语 + 动词原形” 结构。May you have a happy new year!（祝你新年快乐！） 用于目的状语从句：常与 in order that 或 so that 连用，表示 “为了，以便”。He gets up early every day so that he may catch the first bus.（他每天早起以便能赶上第一班公交车。） 用于让步状语从句：No matter what may happen, we should stay calm.（无论发生什么，我们都应该保持冷静。） may/might as well：意为 “还是…… 好，不妨”，用于提出建议。You may as well tell him the truth.（你不妨把真相告诉他。） 三、情态动词 must 的用法 1.表示必要性或义务 意为 “必须”，强调说话人的主观意志。You must wear a seatbelt in the car.（你必须在车里系安全带。） 2.表示推测 用于肯定句中，表示对现在情况的肯定推测，语气非常强烈，意为 “一定，肯定”。He must be at home because his car is in the driveway.（他一定在家，因为他的车在车道上。） 对过去情况的肯定推测，用 “must + have done” 结构。She must have gone to bed early last night because she looks so tired today.（她昨晚一定很早就睡了，因为她今天看起来很疲惫。） 否定形式：mustn't 表示 “禁止，不允许”。You mustn't smoke in the hospital.（你禁止在医院吸烟。） 注意：表示 “不必”，用 needn't 或 don't have to，而不是 mustn't。You needn't/don't have to come so early.（你不必来这么早。） 四、“情态动词 + have done” 的用法 1.can/could + have done can + have done：常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去情况的推测。在否定句中，can't have done 表示 “过去不可能做了某事”。He can't have finished the work so soon.（他不可能这么快就完成了工作。）在疑问句中，表示 “过去可能做了某事吗？”Can he have gone to Beijing yesterday?（他昨天可能去北京了吗？） could + have done：（1）表示对过去情况的推测，意为 “过去可能做了某事”。It could have rained last night.（昨晚可能下雨了。）（2）表示过去本来有能力做某事，但实际上没有做，意为 “本来可以……”。You could have passed the exam if you had worked harder.（如果你更努力学习，本来是可以通过考试的。）（3）用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的假设。If I could have helped you, I would have.（如果我当时能帮你，我就帮了。） 2.may/might + have done 表示对过去情况的推测，意为 “过去可能已经做了某事”。He may/might have missed the train.（他可能已经错过了火车。）might 比 may 的可能性更小。 might have done 还可表示过去本可以做某事但未做，有轻微责备的意味。You might have told me earlier.（你本可以早点告诉我。） 3.must + have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，语气十分肯定，意为 “过去一定做了某事”。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.（地面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。） 4.should/ought to + have done 表示过去本应该做某事，但实际上没有做，含有责备或后悔的意味。You should/ought to have come to the meeting on time.（你本应该按时来参加会议的。） 其否定形式 shouldn't/ought not to have done 表示过去本不应该做某事，但实际上做了。You shouldn't/ought not to have told him the secret.（你本不应该告诉他这个秘密的。） 5.needn't + have done 表示过去本不必做某事，但实际上做了。You needn't have bought so much food. There will be only a few people coming.（你本不必买这么多食物的，只有几个人会来。） 一、单项选择 1．—“Who indeed sent you this gift?” —“Well, it’s from my boyfriend, if you ________ know.” A．should B．can C．may D．must 2．—Shall we take a taxi? —No, we ______. It’s only ten minutes’ walk. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．daren’t 3．— The man in black ______ be Tom. It is his typical dressing style. — No, it ______ be him. He is away on holiday. A．must; mustn’t B．must; can’t C．can; mustn’t D．can; can’t 4．Despite checking the fuel and battery, the engine ____________ start, leaving us trapped in the middle of nowhere. A．wouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 5．—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour. —Believe it or not, I made it. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．couldn’t 6．—According to the library rules, a student _________ borrow four books at most at a time, so it’s OK for you to borrow these four books today. —I see. Thanks, Mr. Zhang. A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．needn’t 7．— ______ you cook dishes? — Yes, I can. But they are simple. A．Can B．Would C．Need D．Could 8．—John, children ______ play with the knife. Stop it quickly! —OK. I know they ______ hurt themselves like that. A．can’t, should B．shouldn’t, must C．mustn’t, may D．may not, can’t 9．People are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It ______ cause danger. A．might B．might not C．should D．should not 10．— That woman ______ be Spanish but I am not sure. She sounds Spanish though. — I suppose you need to ask her to make it clear. A．should B．may C．would D．must 11．I know Sophia’s favourite star is a female singer, so it ________ be this actor. A．may not B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t 12．— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table. — Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died. A．could have got B．should have got C．must have got D．will have got 13．I can’t find my glasses. I ________ them in the library yesterday, but I’m not certain. A．should leave B．must have left C．might leave D．could have left 14．Sarah stared at the finished puzzle in disbelief — all the edge pieces were perfectly connected, but the center section was entirely blank. She _______ such a careless oversight while assembling it. A．couldn’t have made B．shouldn’t make C．mustn’t have made D．wouldn’t have made 15．Peter ________ too far. His coffee is still warm. A．mustn’t have gone B．shouldn’t have gone C．can’t have gone D．needn’t have gone 16．The ancient manuscript ______ with extreme care but it was damaged a lot. A．must be handled B．must have been handled C．should be handled D．should have been handled 17．—You ________ with your father before you decided. —Yes, but he was too busy to answer my phone. A．should consult B．must consult C．must have consulted D．should have consulted 18．Skills like critical thinking and analysis ______ found on the Internet, because they must be acquired in the context of facts. A．mustn’t be B．can’t be C．shouldn’t have been D．needn’t have been 19．You ________ Lisa the news that the sports meeting had been put off because it was she who informed us of it. A．needn’t have told B．could have told C．must have told D．wouldn’t have told 20．I______ the whole cake last night; I feel so full and uncomfortable today. A．couldn’t have eaten B．needn’t have eaten C．wouldn’t have eaten D．shouldn’t have eaten 21．During our trip to the Great Wall last week, I couldn’t stop thinking about how huge a project it ________ have been to build it in ancient times. A．must B．could C．should D．need 22．Jon did a great job in the speech contest. He ________ many times last week. A．need have practised B．might have practised C．must have practised D．should have practised 23．The manager ______ have thought Johnson was worth it, so he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business. A．would B．must C．should D．could 24．Since nobody gave Riddle any help, he ________ have done the research on his own. A．can B．need C．must D．should 25．I heard that your team won the basketball match yesterday. You ______ have practised a lot before it. A．must B．need C．can D．should 26．You ______ have written such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words. A．would B．couldn’t C．should D．needn’t 27．I actually ________ have bought so much food — only three people came. A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 28．---I wonder why time is late again. ---Well, he ________ his train, or maybe overslept. A．might miss B．may have missed C．should have missed D．must have missed 29．— Where’s Sam? — I don’t know. He _________ to the meeting. A．went B．has gone C．must have gone D．might have gone 30．— I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted. — Well, you never know! You ________ a better impression than you think. A．may have made B．should have made C．couldn’t have made. D．needn’t have made 二、选词填空 选词填空：can，could，may，might，must(包含其否定形式) 31．— I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning. — You be imagining things. He left for America last night. 32．— Is John coming by bus? — He should, but he . He likes riding his bike. 33．You view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 34．When he got older, John started to wonder if this process be used to clean up the messes people were making. 35．For example, you want to be a pilot but become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 三、完成句子 36．I , but I’ll do what I can. 我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。 37．He because he had lunch just now. 他不可能饿，因为刚刚吃了饭。 38．He write when he was five years old. 他五岁时就会写字。 39．He be in the room. 他不可能在房间里。 40．我弄不明白他为什么没来聚会。 I why he didn’t come to the party. 41． he come in? 他进来行吗？ 42． I borrow your pen? 我可以借用你的钢笔吗？ 43．Li Hong lose her way. 李红可能迷路了。 44．He because he was ill. 他不可能完成这项工作，因为他病了。 45．He the book. 也许他已经看过这本书。 46．You talk so much about London. You . 你谈论了那么多关于伦敦的事，你一定到过那儿。 47．He I was joking. 他肯定觉得我是在开玩笑。 48．You me this earlier. 你本应该早点告诉我这件事。 49．You Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. 可你没法把吉米拖出纽约；他觉得地球上只有（纽约）这么一个地方。 50．I Peter with his work, but I had a lot of things to do myself. 我本应该帮助彼得工作，但是我自己有很多事情要做。 一、单句语法填空（用适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空） 1．I never thank you too much. I owe my progress to you. 2．Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that go wrong. 3．Although Nancy is usually easy-going, she be annoying sometimes. 4．He be attending the meeting now because he has gone to Beijing on business. 5．In humans, babies put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 6．— Jim, you work this Sunday? — Why me? I’ve been working for two weeks on end. 7．You try telephoning Mr. Smith. He be at home now. 8．Who it be from? 9．As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they . 10．You said we (watch) TV when we finished our homework. 11．— It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She have forgotten the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened? 12．Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, but it also be depressing at times. 13．—Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I   (go) to the concert instead. 14．Liza well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling. 15．People talk on a mobile phone while they are driving. 16． you make so much noise, Jimmy? Your little sister is still sleeping. 17．The magazine be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 18．If you know, it’s from my boyfriend. 19．They ought to (arrive) at lunchtime but the flight was delayed. 20．Using supercomputer, many labs are now conducting experiments that couldn’t (be) possible in the past. 21．Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must have (drink) too much at the party last night. 22．They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 23．Jack described his father, who have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. 24．Who knows what will happen? You (marry) by then. 25．I think he (try) to get more qualifications before applying for the job. 二、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （一） Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, a man of distinction. Born in Shanghai, he left for the California Institute of Technology to study in 1936 and received his doctorate in aeronautics and mathematics in 1939. After that, he was employed as 26 assistant researcher at California Institute of Technology. Qian’s missile designs laid the foundation for the successful building of missiles in the US in the 1940s and 1950s, 27 (make) him a world-renowned missile man. When he learnt of the 28 (excite) news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian resolutely gave up his privileged conditions in the USA and decided to return to his longed-for homeland to contribute as much as he could 29 his own nation. Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was 30 (active) involved in research work. Under his 31 (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first short-range missile in 1960, 32 in 1964, it was a great success to run the flight test of China's first mid-and-short-range missile. In 1965, Qian’s proposal 33 (develop) an artificial satellite was included in the country’s key projects, after 34 the first artificial satellite was finally launched into space in 1970. In 1999, Qian Xuesen was awarded the “Meritorious Medal of Two Bombs and One Satellite”, and 35 (honour) as the “Father of Chinese Aerospace” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry. （二） By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick, has gain 36 (popular) for its similarity with modern latte art (咖啡拉花) Chabaixi can create 37 (end) patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, 38 getting fine tea powder, pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick foam (泡沫), to finally 39 (draw) the patterns. It is different from making latte 40 people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of foamed tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea-making technique, Diancha, 41 quality is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later. Chabaixi is one of the countless 42 (form) of tea-making techniques in China. The significance of Chabaixi is that it is not only 43 unique technique, but also gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty. It would be a shame 44 (let) it disappear, and this technique must 45 (pass) on to the next generations so we can understand its history. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$