Unit 1 Science Fiction单元语法学案 2024-2025学年人教版选择性必修四

福州高级中学2024-2025学年高二年段校本材料 选择性必修四Unit 1 Science Fiction单元语法 ——被动语态复习 一、被动语态语法图解 I.被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 The tree was broken by that boy. 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 II.将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的四种情况 1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： (1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变； (2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 He told us a story. 他给我们讲故事。 →We were told a story by him. 我们听(他讲)故事。 →A story was told to us by him. 故事由他给我们讲。 III. 常见主动表被动的情况 1. 有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 2. 在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible, convenient, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。 English is easy to learn. 英语很容易学。 3. 在“半系动词＋形容词”结构中，如look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等，常用主动形式表被动。 The food in this restaurant tastes good. 这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。 专项练习题 一、单句语法填空： 1. (2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 2. (2022·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 3. (2022·全国卷I) The GPNP ____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ... 4. (2021·全国甲卷) It ____________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 5. (2020·全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public ____________ (call) galleries or rooms. 6. (2019·天津卷) Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 7. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ____________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 8. (2017·全国I) When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 9. They are novels, plays and poems that __________ (write) a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays. 10. I have been informed that the exhibition __________ (hold) next week. 11. They are going __________ (send) to work in Tibet for two years. 12. —Do you have any problems if you __________ (offer) this job? —Well, I’m thinking about the salary. 13. Though we don’t know what is being discussed, yet we can feel the topic __________ (change). 二、阅读一部科幻小说的介绍，用方框内单词的正确形式完成该段落。 explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up connect Science fiction ______1_______ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ________2____________. The Three-Body Problem, ____3_____ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ___________4______ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ____________5_______ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ______6_______ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which _______7______ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _______8_______ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people's stories ______9______? And how will their behaviour change Earth's future and the civilisations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to ________10________ when you go on reading. 三、语篇语法填空： In the Spring Festival holiday, The Wandering Earth II, a science-fiction movie that includes some rather new concepts such as nuclear fusion (核聚变) technology and the sun’s life cycle, had a rocket-fueled box office of 2.3 billion yuan within seven days of being put on the big screen. The figure has reached 3.65 billion yuan, 1 (make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese box-office history. The film 2 (arouse) hot debate among scientists and science-fiction writers since it came out. La Zi, editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, a 43-year-old magazine, says, “Only when people are familiar 3 astronautic technologies will science fiction gain 4 (popular).” 5 (compare) to past works, both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technologies that need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, There is a “space elevator” that enables astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about 6 such an elevator is possible. For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science. La Zi points out, too, that while pop science is 7 (main) about existing technologies, science fiction is about ones that cannot be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is from today, the 8 (wild) the writer’s imagination can be,” he says. China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and 9 (technology) development, 10 inspires more and more young people in China in the future. 4、 单元写作练习 假定你是李华, 你的美国笔友Mike想要了解一位中国科学家设计的智能家务机器人, 请你给他回一封邮件进行介绍。 内容包括：1.智能家务机器人的功能; 2.它带来的便利。 Dear Mike, _________________________________________ (非常高兴收到你的信) in which you inquired about an intelligent household robot designed by a Chinese scientist, I'm writing to give you a brief introduction about it. This intelligent robot, 2. _____________________________ (由太阳能驱动), has been designed 3. ______________________________________ (为了提供日常的帮助)in our life. So many powerful functions does it have that it can help us in various ways. Firstly, it can do all the housework, such as cooking and washing, as a result of which, _________________________(我们能从繁重的劳动中解脱出来). Additionally, 5. ____________________________________ (如果使用恰当)，the robot 6. ________________________________ (能够很好地照顾) the elderly and the sick, 7. _________________________________ (减轻负担)of their family members. 8.___________________ (更不用说) the fact that it can even entertain us if it receives voice commands. Undoubtedly, the creation of this intelligent robot 9. __________________________ (显示了科学和技术的快速发展)of our country.10. ________________________________ (我坚信它将给我们的日常生活带来便利). Feel free to contact me if you have further doubts. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, 1、 单句语法填空 1. was painted 2. is considered 3. be placed 4. be chosen 5. were invited 6. was built 7. has proved / proven 8. has been used 9. were written 10. will be held 11. to be sent 12. are offered 13. has been changed 二、完成句子 1.is regarded 2.explored/ represented 3.written 4.was translated 5.represents 6.is recruited 7.has been set up 8.gets caught up 9.connected 10.be discovered 三 、语法填空 【解析】本文是新闻报道。主要介绍了科幻电影《流浪地球2》的成绩和影响。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一数字达到了36.5亿元，使其成为中国票房史上第10大票房。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has reached，所以make用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是前文提到的事，为主动关系，描述的是客观事实，所以应该用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：这部电影自上映以来就在科学家和科幻作家中引起了激烈的争论。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以arouse作本句谓语，主语是film，为第三人称单数，两者是主动关系，根据标志词since可知，应该用现在完成时。故填has aroused。 3. 考查介词。句意：有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编喇子说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时，科幻小说才会流行起来。”分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be familiar with意为“熟悉”。故填with。 4. 考查名词。句意：有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编喇子说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时，科幻小说才会流行起来。”分析句子结构可知，本句是only开头的倒装句，gain是主句谓语，所以空处应填名词作宾语，popular的名词形式是popularity。故填popularity。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与过去的作品相比，《流浪地球》和《流浪地球2》都包含了相当多需要基本科学知识才能理解的想象技术。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词include，所以compare用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是both episodes of The Wandering Earth，两者是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Compared。 6. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在各个平台上，人们都在讨论这样的电梯是否可行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据句意，此处表达“是否”之意，应用whether引导。故填whether。 7. 考查副词。句意：喇子还指出，流行科学主要是关于现有的技术，而科幻小说则是关于在不久的将来无法实现的技术。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子应该用副词修饰，main的副词形式是mainly。故填mainly。 8. 考查形容词。句意：离今天越远，作家的想象力就越丰富。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定句型：the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，就越……”。故填wilder。 9. 考查形容词。句意：中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一，这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，technology的形容词形式是technological。故填technological。 10. 考查形容词。句意：中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一，这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整句话，用which引导。故填which。 5、 单元写作练习 1.非常高兴收到你的信：I am very glad to have received your letter 2.由太阳能驱动：powered by solar energy 3.为了提供日常的帮助：to provide daily assistance 4.我们能从繁重的劳动中解脱出来：we can be freed from heavy labor 5.如果使用恰当：If used properly 6.能够很好地照顾：can take good care of 7.减轻负担：easing the burden 8.更不用说：Not to mention 9.显示了科学和技术的快速发展：shows the rapid development of science and technology 10.我坚信它将给我们的日常生活带来便利：I firmly believe that it will bring convenience to our daily life 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$