UNIT 3 Section 2 “The Sixth Extinction”的课文习读环节(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

“The Sixth Extinction” 的课文习读环节 Section 2 课时目标 1.阅读关于物种灭绝的文章，概括文章大意。 2.了解说明文体的语篇特点和语言风格。 3.运用与环保相关的词块、句型表达如何解决一些环境问题。 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 美文阅读润心 课时检测 Contents 目录 01 02 03 04 3 01 课文阅读理解 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)理清文脉结构 wiped out mass extinction faster negatively affected dying out improve (二)把握主旨大意 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．Six secret processes in the history of mankind. B．Some ways for man to save birds from extinction. C．Some measures to avoid extinction of the human race. D．The characteristics and preventive measures of the sixth extinction. √ 2．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph. Para.1　 A．Causes of the sixth extinction. Para.2 B．How to avoid the sixth extinction. Para.3 C．Background history of the sixth extinction. Para.4 D．Effects of the sixth extinction. 答案：Paras.1～4　CADB 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)阅读理解 1．Why does the author mention the extinctions in history in the first paragraph? A．To show us the terrible disasters for mankind. B．To tell us the climate's impact on wildlife. C．To introduce the topic of this text to the readers. D．To warn us of the potential disasters for mankind. √ 2．What worries us most according to the author? A．The imbalance of nature. B．The environmental pollution. C．The destruction of our habitat. D．The rapid progress of species' dying out. √ 3．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Human beings are closely related to nature. B．Most living things will die out in the future. C．No forests will exist on the Earth in the future. D．Oxygen will soon disappear on the Earth. √ 4．Which of the following does NOT belong to the causes of the extinction of so many species? A．Air and water pollution. B．Forests being destroyed. C．Global warming. D．Factory farming and overfishing. √ 5．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To appeal to people to protect the Earth. B．To blame people for destroying the environment. C．To urge the government to take action. D．To warn the public to reduce their destructive behaviour. √ [Tip] 依据文章体裁推断写作意图 不同体裁的文章有不同的写作意图。说明类文章的写作意图通常是想说明情况或阐明事理，如advise/propose ... (建议，劝告)、convince ... (说服)、present ...(阐述)、warn ... (警告)等。议论类文章的写作意图通常是阐释某一种观点，如argue for(论证)、argue against(驳斥)等。本篇文章是说明文，通读全文可以推断最后一段的写作意图是呼吁人们保护地球。 (二)阅读表达 1．In order to survive, what steps should be taken to protect the planet? (The answers may vary.) ①__________________________________________________ _________ ②__________________________________________________ _____________ ③___________________________________________________ ________________________ Setting up special areas where plants and animals can be Improving our farming methods to reduce water, air and protected. land pollution. Using cleaner, more natural sources of energy to change the way we work and travel. 2．What effects do you think the environmental protection has on people？(The answers may vary.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Environmental protection can change people's living conditions, improve people's living environment, and enhance people's quality of life. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　把握递进式行文结构 本文是一篇有关“物种灭绝和保护”的说明文。文章采用了递进式的行文方式，按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的方式展开。第一段主要介绍了地球历史上的五次大灭绝，引出话题。第二、三段分析了灭绝的原因以及第六次灭绝可能出现的后果。第四段提出了避免物种灭绝的建议。读文时，应注意理解各部分之间的因果关系，如人类活动与第六次物种大灭绝之间的因果关系等，从而把握作者的意图，旨在让读者认识到物种灭绝问题的严重性以及人类的责任，呼吁读者重视并采取行动来保护地球上的物种。 02 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．The reasons for extinctions are varied. According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 赏析：第一句使用了varied一词点明了物种灭绝的原因多种多样，为下句具体列举大灭绝的原因做铺垫。 2．There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. 赏析：本句使用了a long list of表示“大量的，众多的”，用来强调原因的数量之多。这个表达使得句子更具描述性，使读者能够通过这个词组形象地感受到导致许多物种灭绝的原因之多，种类之繁杂。这种短语的使用可以增强英语写作的描述性，让读者能够更全面地理解作者所表达的内容。 3．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 赏析：句中使用了副词negatively 修饰动词affected，表述了人类活动对地球生态环境造成的损害或不利影响，介绍了人类活动是造成物种灭绝的主要原因，增强了句子的表达力和感染力。 [提能训练]　(运用上述词汇完成句子) ①He _____________________ two years ago. 两年前他过着丰富多彩的生活。 ②There is already _________________ waiting here. 已经有很多人在这儿等着了。　　　　 ③Be careful about the boundary between your work and your life, or your attitude and emotion in one area will _______________________. 注意工作和生活的界限，否则你在某一方面的态度和情绪会对另一方面产生负面影响。 led a full and varied life a long list of people negatively affect the other (二)赏句式之高　 1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 赏析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干是the rate is cause for concern。although引导让步状语从句，从句中使用了it＋be＋adj.＋for sb./sth.to do sth.的结构；at which引导定语从句，修饰先行词rate。该句句式凝练，表达了作者对现在灭绝速度的担忧。 2．If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. 赏析：本句是主从复合句。主句是 scientists believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out。if引导条件状语从句，主句中含有关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scientists。believe后面是that引导的宾语从句。该句阐释了发生第六次灭绝会引发的后果，引起人们深思。 [提能训练]　(运用上述句式完成句子) ①______________________________________________________ caused by human activities, we must first delve into the science of climate change.如果你想了解由人类活动引起的全球变暖现象，我们必须首先深入研究气候变化的科学。 ②Impressed with this experience, he decides to help those ______ _________.　对这次经历印象深刻，他下定决心要帮助那些陷入困境的人。　　　 If you want to understand the phenomenon of global warming who are in trouble (三)赏修辞之功　 Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 赏析：本句使用了排比和对比的修辞手法。“Without forests, we would have no air to breathe”和“without clean water we would be unable to survive”两个并列的句子形成了对比。同时，每个句子内部也使用了排比，如“no air to breathe”和“be unable to survive”。修辞手法的运用使语言富有节奏感，加强了语言的气势，使读者深刻体会到发生第六次灭绝的后果。 [提能训练]　(翻译并体会下列排比句的运用) ①时间就是金钱；时间就是知识；时间就是生命。 ________________________________________ ②音乐给了我快乐；音乐给了我力量；音乐给了我希望和满足感。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Time is money; time is knowledge; time is life. Music gives me happiness; music gives me strength; music gives me hope and a sense of satisfaction. (四)赏逻辑之巧　 In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 赏析：本句中使用了表示总结性的词语in short，起到概括总结前文的作用，即人类如果想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的地球并开始保护它，使观点得以升华。常见的表示总结的词语还有：in brief、to sum up、in conclusion、to conclude等。 [提能训练]　(试翻译下面语段) 他擅长语文和英语，曾在学校演讲比赛中获得第一名。此外，他为人随和，乐于助人。总之，我相信他是一个理想的候选人。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ He is good at Chinese and English and he once won the first place in the school speech competition. Besides, he is easy-­going and willing to help others. In short, I am convinced that he is an ideal candidate. 03 美文阅读润心 文化遗产是人类历史的见证，代表着不同地域、民族和文化群体的独特性和多样性，蕴含着人类智慧和创造力的结晶。因此，保护文化遗产是保护人类文明、促进文化多样性和可持续发展的重要举措，需要全球共同努力来实施。 FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community.Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved.Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple.Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics.Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. [阅读理解] 1．Why did the Egyptian government want to build a new dam in the 1950s? A．To improve the economy. B．To improve transportation. C．To build a tourist attraction. D．To benefit the area. √ 2．How did the government save the cultural relics? A．By stopping the project. B．By moving them to a safe place. C．By repairing cultural relics. D．By calling for donations. √ 3．What can we know from the fourth paragraph? A．Doing is better than saying. B．Many hands make light work. C．There is no royal way to success. D．Experience is the mother of wisdom. √ 4．What's the main idea of the text? A．A needed committee. B．A proposal leads to protests. C．Big challenges lead to solutions. D．A successful project of a new dam. √ [素养积累] 1．由文积词汇 protection n．　　　　 保护 challenge n. 挑战；艰巨任务 proposal n. 提议；建议 protest n. 抗议 vi.& vt. (公开)反对；抗议 establish vt. 建立；创立 prevent vt. 阻止；阻碍；阻挠 contribution n. 捐款；贡献；捐赠 investigate v. 调查；研究 countless adj. 数不尽的；无数的 donate vt. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血) 2．据文悟句式 句①：There comes a time when ... 是there be句型的变式，其中包含了由when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time。 句②：此处含有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词scientists和citizens。 句③：not only ... but (also) ... 连接两个分句且not only位于句首时，not only 后的分句要用部分倒装语序，但but (also)后的分句不倒装；第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a path。 句④：which引导非限制性定语从句，其中包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a programme。 04 课时检测 (标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Sometimes a camera's eye in the sky can cast new light on the world we live in — highlighting changes or celebrating beauty we might be unaware of on ground level. And that's what you'll see in the winners from the Drone (无人机) Photo Awards. The photography competition, now in its sixth year, received nearly 14,000 images from amateur and professional photographers from 104 countries for the nine categories of the competition. All photos were taken from above using a drone. Here's a look at some of those award-­winning photos and honorable mentions from around the world. Amigos “In Baja California Sur in Mexico, gray whales come to interact with people — as if they were friends(in Spanish ‘Amigos’)，” says the photographer. The art of rice processing Rice mill workers start their day at the break of dawn. Some of them boil the paddy rice. Others carry it and spread it outside the rice mill to dry in the sun. To make sure that it dries properly, they rake (耙) it out, then sweep it back. A cherished wetland drowning in trash The Pallikaranai wetland is one of the few remaining wetlands in India. Every day, the photographer says that 3,500 tons of garbage are dumped on some 300 acres of this nearly 20,000-­acre wetland. Strawberry fields forever, Act Ⅰ， Scene 1 Naming it The strawberry show is about to begin, the photographer says that the strawberry field from above looks like the opening of a theater curtain before a big show. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了无人机摄影大赛的获奖作品和荣誉提名。这些作品通过从空中拍摄，展示了地面上我们未曾注意到的美丽景象和人类活动对环境的影响。 1．What can we learn about the Drone Photo Awards? A．It is held every six years. B．The theme of the entries is limited. C．The photos are taken by professionals. D．It attracts many photographers from all over the world. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The photography competition ... photographers from 104 countries for the nine categories of the competition.”可知，它吸引了来自世界各地的许多摄影师。 2．Which photo is associated with the environmental protection? A．Amigos. B．The art of rice processing. C．A cherished wetland drowning in trash. D．Strawberry fields forever, Act Ⅰ， Scene 1. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据A cherished wetland drowning in trash部分中“The Pallikaranai wetland is one of ... 20,000­-acre wetland.”可知，A cherished wetland drowning in trash与环境保护有关系。 3．What do the four photos have in common? A．They all celebrate beauty. B．They all highlight changes. C．They are all taken from the air. D．They belong to the same category. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“All photos were taken from above using a drone.”可知，这些作品都是无人机从天空中拍下的作品。 B The amount of rubbish that piles on our shore lines is hugely worrying and a growing problem for the planet. It seems like no matter how remote you hike and how high you climb, there's always a dropped plastic container there waiting for you. Mariah Reading, an American artist, spends the majority of her time outdoors looking for inspiration for her art, based in nature and our natural surroundings. On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works. For her latest project, Mariah is looking at both the problem of wasteful littering and the way that art itself can be wasteful in materials, taking the dropped items that fill her natural spaces and painting them to reflect the place in which they were left. Applying paint to create her masterpieces, Mariah has collected trash from different mountains and parks. “I've been considering my relationship with art and the large amount of waste it can produce，” says Mariah.“I wanted to find ways I can confirm art and its important purpose by working with recycled materials found in landscape environments.” “Since the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service, I've especially appreciated and been inspired by the natural beauty the parks offer, and found how easily we can take these precious places for granted. I seek to gather as much trash as possible, sculpt it into a canvas (画布), and paint the scene where the trash originated onto the trash itself，” says Mariah. As well as through this project, Mariah has explored nature in her art in various different ways and through exhibitions. Mariah's work might not solve the litter problem, but it's just another way that we can get people talking about the problem and the ways we can prevent it from growing any larger. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位美国艺术家Mariah Reading在最新的作品中，以垃圾为绘画题材进行艺术创作，旨在唤醒人们的环保意识。 4．What gave Mariah the idea of the latest project? A．The beauty of nearby scenery. B．The rubbish-­covered surroundings. C．The potential security risks of beaches. D．The high energy consumption of her artworks. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，被垃圾覆盖的环境让Mariah产生了这个最新作品的灵感。 5．What's the important purpose of Mariah's art? A．To keep people from wasting natural resources. B．To remind people of the litter problem. C．To encourage people to explore parks. D．To make full use of rubbish. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容和最后一段中的“Mariah's work might not solve the litter problem, but it's just another way that we can get people talking about the problem and the ways we can prevent it from growing any larger.”可知，Mariah艺术的重要目的是提醒人们垃圾问题。 6．What is special about Mariah's new artworks? A．They are made of oceanic rubbish. B．They appear in the form of sculpture. C．They reflect the trash places on trash itself. D．They're designed to inspire people's love for painting. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“I seek to gather as much trash as possible ... and paint the scene where the trash originated onto the trash itself”可知，Mariah新作品的特别之处在于它们把垃圾的位置反映在垃圾本身上。 7．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Growing Problem of Rubbish B．Mariah Reading: A Sociable Artist C．An Artist Turns Waste into Amazing Works D．Celebrate the 100th Anniversary of the National Park Service √ 解析：标题归纳题。第二段中的“On noticing the amount of waste filling her natural areas, she decided she had to reflect it in her works.”是全文的主题句；结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一位美国艺术家Mariah Reading在最新的作品中，以垃圾为绘画题材进行艺术创作，旨在唤醒人们的环保意识。故C项适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五( ) In some cities in the world, thanks to planting projects on walls and roofs, the temperature during the warmest month in so-­called street valleys can be reduced by 3.6 ℃ to 11.3 ℃ at the hottest time of day. ___ They include preserving biodiversity, improving well­-being, being appealing to residents and suitable for the social context, etc. 8 Singapore has an otherworldly garden.The impressive “forest” of huge man-­made trees there is a Singapore landmark. ___ 25 to 50 meters tall in the city-­state's new business district, the 18 Solar Supertrees light up the night sky, their canopies (树冠) looking like flying dishes.Vast glass greenhouses also showcase plants from five continents, which are complete with an artificial mountain and indoor waterfall. 9 ___ With buildings all around and heavy traffic below, it grows more than 45 tons of organic produce a year.In a built-­up city, it has been found that such programs are “fighting effectively against heat islands”．Now covering three rooftops and totalling more than 22,000 square metres, the farm grows a wide variety of vegetables. 10 Medellin, Colombia's second-­biggest city, has its “green passages”， which have earned the city both praise and awards. ___ The combination has reduced the temperature by 2℃ and helped purify the air.Bees and birds have returned, residents are satisfied and gardening jobs have been created. ___ 11 12 A．On a New York rooftop hides a farm. B．It's a building attracting other countries' attention. C．From floor to ceiling, produce grows at an upright farm. D．Green spaces have also been shown to serve other functions. E．The trees are made from concrete and steel and covered in real plants. F．It's one of the better examples of urban replanting with a social dimension. G．They are combined with the existing green spaces such as parks and gardens. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一些国家的城市在推行“绿色新举措”，城市丛林“拔地而起”。 8．解析：选D　上文提到一些城市墙上和房顶上的种植项目降低了街道峡谷的温度；下文提到它们包括保护生物多样性、改善福祉、吸引居民并适应其社会背景等。故D项“绿色空间也被证明具有其他功能”承上启下，符合语境。空后的“They”指代D项中的“other functions”。 9．解析：选E　上文提到令人印象深刻的巨大人造树“森林”是新加坡的地标；下文提到在这个城市国家的新商业区，18棵25到50米高的太阳能超级树照亮了夜空，它们的树冠看起来就像飞行的圆盘。空处前后均在介绍新加坡超凡花园中的人造森林的特征，空处也应与此相关。故E项“这些树由混凝土和钢材制成且上面覆盖着真实的植物”说明了人造森林的构造，符合语境。 10．解析：选A　此处为段落主旨句。综合本段内容可知，该段介绍的是一个屋顶农场的相关情况，如处于高楼大厦之间，底下交通繁忙，它每年种着超过45吨的有机农产品，能有效对抗热岛效应等。故A项“纽约屋顶上藏着一个农场”符合语境。 11．解析：选G　上文提到Medellin有“绿色长廊”；下文提到这种结合使气温降低了2摄氏度，有助于净化空气。由此可知，空处应点明与“绿色长廊”结合的东西是什么。故G项“它们与现有的诸如公园和花园这样的绿地相结合”与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。G项中的“They”指代上文中的“green passages”。 12．解析：选F　空前提到蜜蜂和鸟儿都回来了，居民们都很满意，一些园艺工作因此产生。由此可知，空处应与Medellin的“绿色长廊”项目的结果有关。故F项“这是城市绿化改造中具有社会意义的较好例子之一”既能承接上文，总结概括本段内容，又与文章首段最后一句中的“the social context”相呼应，符合语境。 本课结束 $$