UNIT 2 单元语基盘查与仿真训练评价(Word教参)-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

UNIT 2　单元语基盘查与仿真训练评价 测评卷(一)　单元语基盘查 Ⅰ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式——词形转换(32分) (1)It's significant to be ambitious (ambition) and hard-working. (2)Make sure you have plenty of room to sit comfortably (comfortable)． (3)We would like to see closer cooperation (cooperate) between parents and schools. (4)My sister is sure to get what she wants because she's a determined (determine) person. (5)We all admire her commitment (commit) to the cause of human rights. (6)The book will become a standard work of reference (refer)． (7)You should feel guilty (guilt) opening your water bottle, because all 200 people in the room can hear it. (8)Hearing the enemy coming, the prince drew up his forces in a strong defensive (defense) position. (9)My friend says I'd enjoy a walking holiday, but I'm not convinced (convince)． (10)I want a job with good prospects for promotion (promote)． (11)You'll do yourself an injury (injure) riding that old bike. (12)Some fish can grow to a length (long) of four feet. (13)I can't believe that the enormous meal wasn't enough to satisfy your hunger (hungry)． (14)I long to work for a more influential (influence) company. (15)The teacher's motivating (motivate) speech inspired many students. (16)Mr Smith is a recognised (recognise) kind person in our neighbourhood. Ⅱ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式——动词形式变化(36分) (17)We're determined (determine) to make it our school's best-ever wallboard with your help. (18)For me it meant being very disciplined (discipline) about how I run my life. (19)The government is committed (commit) to advancing the equality. (20)Her abilities are appreciated (appreciate) by her employer so she plays an important role in the company. (21)She devoted (devote) herself full-time to her growing business so that she had no time to look after her children. (22)His request was rejected (reject) again, which made him a bit disappointed. (23)While contributing (contribute) their own time to the protection of wildlife, the volunteers gradually realized the importance of protecting wildlife. (24)A knee injury is likely to ruin (ruin) her Olympic hopes. (25)The teacher kept skipping (skip) from one subject to another so it was difficult to follow what he was saying. (26)Richard told me his leg was injured (injure) and could not walk. (27)In 2006, I was hired (hire) by the first company I applied to. (28)After boiling (boil) the beans rapidly for ten minutes, I poured them into a pot. (29)If he applies (apply) himself to his study, he will be admitted to a key university. (30)My father retired (retire) from teaching last year. (31)He collapsed (collapse) with a heart attack while he was dancing. (32)Each parcel is labelled (label) with the receiver's name, address and phone number. (33)A research institute will be founded (found) next year in this area. (34)The coach let me take these exercises designed (design) to strengthen muscles. Ⅲ.写出黑体部分在具体语境中的词性和含义——熟词生义(16分) (1)The teacher disciplined the class by giving them extra homework. v.惩罚 (2)The doctor is trying to find some useful exercise for older patients with advanced cancer. adj.晚期的 (3)Her clothes were always beautifully ironed. v.熨烫 (4)Skip the first chapter and start on Page 25. v.略过 (5)Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. n.促销 (6)The young man has a hunger for adventure. n.渴望 (7)You don't seem to appreciate how busy I am. v.理解，体谅 (8)I am bitterly ashamed of the wrong I did to them. adv.非常 Ⅳ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词——固定搭配 (20分) (9)When we go camping, we stay in a tent. (10)I've finished my homework apart from the last question. (11)400 people a year die of this disease on average. (12)They expected him to participate in the ceremony. (13)I'm sorry to learn that you intend to drop out for high stress. (14)Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems. (15)The whole issue will probably boil down to parental responsibility. (16)By the age of 25, she was completely burned out and retired from the sport. (17)Almost all parents in China wish their children to get on and live a good life. (18)The student can't make sense of the complicated problem. (19)Each of us should contribute to our country and do something for it. (20)I don't have much faith in this medicine. (21)We will book the tickets in advance. (22)If you want to succeed, you should apply yourself to your career. Ⅴ.根据汉语提示完成句子——单句写作(20分) (23)Watching films is my favorite pastime. 看电影是我最喜欢的消遣。 (24)It was my brother who/that came up with this good idea. 正是我哥哥想出了这个好主意。 (25)There is no sign that the disease is worsening. 没有迹象表明病情正在恶化。 (26)I asked her what she did for a living. 我问她以什么为生。 (27)Success is not measured by how much money you have but what contributions you have made. 衡量成功不是看你有多少钱，而是看你做出了什么贡献。 (28)This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。 (29)Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 看到他们的老师来了，学生们停止了说话。 (30)My mother is not only a teacher but also a good cook.　我妈妈不但是个老师而且是个好厨师。 (31)Xiao Hua studies hard so that she can get a good grade in the final examination. 肖华努力学习是为了在期末考试中取得一个好成绩。 (32)This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.　这是我两年前住过的房子。 测评卷(二)　单元仿真训练评价 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Winners of the Broadcom MASTERS Girls took the top prizes at the Broadcom MASTERS, a science competition for middle school students. Alaina Gassler Alaina won the $25,000 Samueli Foundation Prize for the project of reducing blind spots in cars. She was inspired to solve this issue by her mother who didn't like driving her vehicle because its large A-pillar (A柱) design made her feel in danger. “I started to think about how blind spots were a huge problem in all cars，” said Alaina. So she worked on and solved it. Sidor Clare Sidor won the $10,000 Marconi/Samueli Award for Innovation, an honor made by Samueli's generous donation of his 2012 Marconi Society Prize Award. She developed bricks that could one day be made on Mars, so that humans wouldn't be required to carry building materials with them in order to build there. Alexis MacAvoy Alexis won the $10,000 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Award for Health Advancement, which recognized the student whose work and performance showed the most promise in health-related fields and demonstrated an understanding of the many social factors that affect health. She designed a water filter (过滤器) by using carbon to remove heavy metals from water. Rachel Bergey Rachel won the $10,000 Lemelson Award for Invention, awarded by The Lemelson Foundation to a young inventor creating promising solutions to real-world problems. She developed a trap made of tinfoil (锡纸) and netting for the spotted lanternfly, an invasive species causing damage to trees. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个学生的发明以及各自的特点。 1．What is the purpose of Alaina Gassler's invention? A．To beautify vehicles. B．To improve the safety of driving. C．To decorate the sidewalk for the blind. D．To reduce the carbon released from cars. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I started to think about how blind spots were a huge problem in all cars”可知，Alaina Gassler发明的目的是提高驾驶安全。 2．Whose invention is related to human health? A．Alaina Gassler's.　 　 B．Sidor Clare's. C．Rachel Bergey's. D．Alexis MacAvoy's. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“She designed a water filter by using carbon to remove heavy metals from water.”可知，Alexis MacAvoy的发明与人类的健康有关。 3．What is the Broadcom MASTERS about? A．Art. B．Sport. C．Technology. D．Education. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Girls took the top prizes at the Broadcom MASTERS, a science competition for middle school students.”可知，Broadcom MASTERS主要是关于科技的。 B Matthew Weihmuller, despite being blind from birth, earned his master's degree in music at Florida State University.He also tours with a band that shows elements of jazz and rock.Additionally, he is a composer, using specialized music technology for the blind.He frequently engages as a speaker, having been a guest lecturer at John Hopkins University. While explaining his shift from performance to teaching, Weihmuller said, “All great performers teach, and it's the only way to pass along this craft, especially about jazz music.I found that teaching became more my calling than performing.I wanted to make a difference, and that was really important to me.” Innovatively, Weihmuller uses a unique teaching method to enhance communication among jazz students.When practising a play, he turns off the lights, removes the visual elements and forces students to rely more on their other senses.They have to feel their instrument with their fingers and hands.Weihmuller's own blindness has fueled his mastery of other senses, particularly crucial in playing jazz.“You have to turn your disadvantage into an advantage.Where there is a will, there is a way.” Weihmuller said. Reflecting on his early struggles with sheet music, Weihmuller recalled the challenge of obtaining braille (盲文) music, which was not as accessible then as it is today.To overcome this obstacle, he had to create his own braille music, a process that continued through his college years. Weihmuller has a strong desire to influence his students with value of perseverance and musical progression.His ultimate goal is to inspire others facing challenges and disabilities.He added, “I do hope that when they leave my classroom, they're not only better musicians but also better people.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了一位天生失明的音乐家Matthew Weihmuller的励志故事，包括他的教育背景、音乐成就、教学方法以及他如何面对困难并激励他人的经历。 4．What can we learn about Weihmuller from paragraph 1? A．He has multiple roles. B．He owns a music band. C．He complains of his disability. D．He gives talks worldwide. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段“Matthew Weihmuller, despite being blind from birth ...having been a guest lecturer at John Hopkins University.”可知，Weihmuller有多重身份。 5．What drives Weihmuller to turn to music teaching? A．The duty to help performers. B．The strong desire to succeed. C．The will to pass down music. D．The aim to gain independence. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段“While explaining his shift from performance to teaching ... I wanted to make a difference, and that was really important to me.”可知，Weihmuller转向音乐教学的驱动力是传承音乐技艺的意愿。 6．Why did Weihmuller turn off lights in his music class? A．To reduce students' anxiety. B．To train physical abilities. C．To teach students better. D．To test learning results. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“When practising a play ... They have to feel their instrument with their fingers and hands.”可知，Weihmuller在音乐教学中采用了一种独特的方法，目的是为了更好地教学生，帮助他们更深入地理解和感受音乐。 7．Which of the following can best describe Weihmuller? A．Outgoing and caring. B．Courageous and honest. C．Creative and determined. D．Knowledgeable and patient. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Innovatively, Weihmuller uses a unique teaching method to enhance communication among jazz students.”可知，Weihmuller有创造力；根据第四段“Reflecting on his early struggles with sheet music ...a process that continued through his college years.”可知，他是一个有决心的人。 C The reason why dominant (占支配地位的) men always seem to rise to the top has been uncovered. Researchers say they are able to make decisions far faster than those with non-dominant personalities. It could explain why so many top CEOs and politicians are known for their dominant personalities. The study found high-dominance men respond faster in situations where a choice is needed，regardless of social context. Promptness (敏捷) to respond in high-dominance men was accompanied by a noticeably amplified brain signal. In addition, when the researchers analyzed the EEG (脑电图) images of the high-dominance participants, they identified a higher activity in areas of the brain associated with emotion and behavior，compared to low-dominance participants. This promptness in decision-making can act as a biomarker for social personalities. “Dominance itself depends partly on the ability to make decisions faster than others. This allows the individual to act first in social situations，which might result in an evolutionary advantage，” the team wrote. They now hope to link these findings to roles such as CEOs, and to find out if the same differences happen in female and children. “In the future, it will be important to find out whether even stronger brain signals are observed in particularly dominant individuals, such as CEOs，” said Carmen Sandi of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. She added，“It will also be relevant to understand whether these differences in promptness to respond and brain signals are also observed in women that differ in dominance and whether they are already present in children. Our findings may open a new research approach using EEG signatures as a measure for social dominance.” The study involved 240 male students at the University of Lausanne who were sorted into high or low dominance groups by a standard “dominance scoring” questionnaire proved in many former studies. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。试验表明，支配欲强的人之所以往往身居高位，正是在于他们能够快速做出决定，这也是他们能够取得成功的关键。 8．What makes dominant people stand out? A．Their wiser decisions. B．Their kind personalities. C．Their high social status. D．Their rapidity of responding. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers say they are able to make decisions far faster than those with non-dominant personalities.”可知，占支配地位的人之所以出色，是因为他们具有快速反应的能力，能更快地做出决定。 9．Which word can replace the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 2? A．Affected.　　　　 　 B．Adjusted. C．Enhanced. D．Controlled. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句可知，在支配欲强的人的大脑中，与情感和行为有关的区域更具活性，即他们大脑的信号应该更强。所以画线词的意思是“增强的”。 10．What will the researchers use the findings to do? A．Save people's life. B．Check on more people. C．Test the participants' brain. D．Show the effect of dominance. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They now hope to link these findings to roles such as CEOs, and to find out if the same differences happen in female and children.”可知，研究人员希望这项研究成果能被运用到更多人身上。 11．What can be inferred about the study from the text? A．It used previous research findings. B．It involved some women and children. C．It showed how people became CEOs. D．It corrected people's ideas of dominance. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这项研究利用了以前的研究发现。 D Failure is an unavoidable part of life. Though science has named some life skills that promise success, we're told over and over again that no great success was ever achieved without failure — or many failed attempts. One of life's most important lessons, therefore, has to be how to handle failure best. But what is the message? For starters, ignore advice from anyone that tells you, “Don't beat yourself up about it，” no matter how well-meaning they are. According to the new research from the University of Kansas, we absolutely should be beating ourselves up when we fail. Marketing professor Noelle Nelson and her team found that the more emotional a person's response is to failure, the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task. The researchers carried out two experiments in which undergraduate students were required to perform specific tasks. In one experiment, they were asked to search online for a squeezer and report the lowest price they could find with the possibility of winning a $50 cash prize. However, the task was controlled, and all participants were told (by a computer) that the lowest price was $3.27 less than their reported price. Consequently, no participant won the cash prize. When the results were announced, some participants were asked to focus on their emotional response, and others on their cognitive (认知的) response. During the next similar task, participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response. Everybody has their own unique challenges, responsibilities, duties, and projects, but these findings are related to all of us. Your personal failure may be a cake that fails to rise, a presentation that goes wrong, or a deadline that gets missed — it doesn't matter. What matters is how you react to it. Instead of thinking about the failure, let yourself feel bad about it. Then follow this advice on how to bounce back after your failure. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章就如何更有成效地应对失败提出了一些建议。 12．What's the relationship between failure and success? A．Failure promises success. B．Failure is the key to success. C．Failure does damage to success. D．Well-handled failure is good for success. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“One of life's most important lessons, therefore, has to be how to handle failure best.”可知，处理好失败的问题对成功是有好处的。 13．Why does the writer support beating oneself up when failing? A．It's a well-meaning suggestion for failure. B．It's been proved by the study of a university. C．Being emotional is good for one's future success. D．It can make people less emotional about failure. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“the more emotional a person's response is to failure, the more likely they are to achieve better results the next time they deal with a related task”可知，对失败的反应越强烈，下一次处理相关问题的时候就越能取得较好的结果。 14．What is the purpose of the two experiments? A．To test the participants' abilities to search online. B．To improve the participants' cognitive response. C．To teach the participants to avoid failures. D．To test the benefit of emotional response to failure. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中“During the next similar task, participants who focused on their emotional response to failure made more effort than those who focused on a cognitive response.”可知，这两个实验验证了对失败的情感反应对以后成功的益处。 15．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Personal Failure Is a Cake That Fails to Appear B．The Most Productive Way to Handle Any Failure C．Different Methods to Change Failure into Success D．The Reason Why Failure Is the Mother of Success 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文就如何更有成效地应对失败提出了一些建议。故B项适合作文章标题。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How long does it take to become an elite (精英) in your field? 16 That's what John Hayes, a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University, wanted to know. For decades, Hayes has been investigating the role of effort, practice and knowledge in top performers. 17 The research focused on people like Mozart and Picasso to determine how long it took them to become world-class at their craft. Let's talk about what Hayes has discovered about world-class-performers.And more importantly, let's discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best. 18 He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900.The central question that drove his work was, “How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world-class？” Eventually, Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks” in the field, which were created by a total of 76 composers. Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer's career. 19 What he discovered was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after the tenth year of the composer's career.Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first.Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular. 20 In follow-up studies, Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets.These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K．Anders Ericsson, who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10,000 hours” to become an elite or expert in your field. A．It takes time to achieve your goals. B．And what do people like doing in their spare time? C．He has studied the most talented creators in history. D．Hayes started his research by examining successful composers. E．Professor Hayes began to refer to this period as the “ten years of silence”． F．And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us? G．And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了John Hayes教授对于成为顶级精英所需时间的研究。 16．解析：选F　下文“That's what John Hayes, a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University, wanted to know.”说明John Hayes想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。空处和前文并列提出关于精英的问题，并引出下文。故F项“成功人士与我们其他人有什么不同之处？”符合语境。 17．解析：选C　上文“For decades, Hayes has been investigating the role of effort, practice and knowledge in top performers.”说明Hayes教授多年研究顶尖表现者所付出的努力、练习和知识的作用。故C项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者”顺接前文，继续说明他的研究特点或范围，并引出下文。C项中的He指代前文中的“Hayes”，“the most talented creators ”和下文中的“people like Mozart and Picasso”相呼应。 18．解析：选D　下文说明本段主要介绍了John Hayes研究了世界级表演者，以及如何利用这些见解实现目标。故D项“海斯的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境。该项中的“by examining successful composers”和下文中的“He analyzed thousands of musical pieces”相呼应。 19．解析：选G　上文“Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composer's career.”说明Hayes绘制了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。故G项“然后他计算了他们创作出流行作品之前工作了多长时间”顺承上文，进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G项中的“they”指代前文中的“composers”。 20．解析：选E　上文说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前面的现象进行总结。故E项“海斯教授开始将这段时期称为‘沉默的十年’”承接上文，符合语境。E项中的“this period”指代前文中的“work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular”。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dennis Hong designs and makes human-like robots. Robots, Hong notes, are intelligent machines that do the work humans are often unable or 21 to do. When he was seven years old, he was 22 by two robots in a movie. On the way back home in the car, he told his parents that he was going to become a(n) 23 . As Hong became older, he started to 24 what engineering actually is. When he was in elementary school, he 25 math. He got all A's in science, but his math result was really 26 . His father told him that engineers solve problems in the world by using science as a 27 and mathematics as a language. Even though he disliked math, he realized that he had to study it harder to follow his 28 of becoming an engineer. Hong thinks 29 come from everywhere and at any time. His three-legged robot STriDER is a fantastic 30 . Once, he saw an elderly lady dealing with her 31 . She had three strands (股) of it, and then put one strand through the other two. 32 ， the hair started to look like legs for Hong. He 33 designing STriDER after braided hair. Hong said that people on social media are eager to see his successes, not the 34 that came before them. However, if the robot doesn't fall or 35 ， he doesn't get to learn anything. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dennis Hong从小就梦想着成为工程师，经过不断努力最终实现梦想的故事。 21．A.unwilling　　　　 　 B．unlucky C．confident D．free 解析：选A　根据上文“Robots, Hong notes, are intelligent machines that do the work humans are often unable”和常识可知，机器人能够完成人类通常无法或不愿意完成的工作。 22．A.protected B．impressed C．comforted D．supported 解析：选B　根据下文“by two robots in a movie”和下文提到的他成为工程师可知，他对一部电影中的两个机器人印象深刻，立志成为工程师。be impressed by“对……印象深刻”。 23．A.engineer B．astronaut C．hairdresser D．teacher 解析：选A　根据下文“what engineering actually is”可知，他想成为一名工程师。 24．A.change B．doubt C．remember D．learn 解析：选D　根据下文“what engineering actually is”和上文提到的他要成为工程师可知，要想成为工程师，需要了解工程学究竟学什么。 25．A.enjoyed B．understood C．ignored D．chose 解析：选C　根据下文“He got all A's in science, but his math result was really”和“Even though he disliked math”可知，他不喜欢数学，所以此处指忽略了数学。 26．A.familiar B．perfect C．unsatisfactory D．irregular 解析：选C　根据上文“He got all A's in science, but his math result was really”中的“but”可知，前后是转折关系，他科学一直很好，但是数学成绩不令人不满意。下文“Even though he disliked math”也是提示。 27．A.secret B．tool C．belief D．goal 解析：选B　根据上文“engineers solve problems in the world by using science as a”可知，工程师使用科学作为工具。 28．A.dream B．order C．question D．recommendation 解析：选A　根据上文他想成为一名工程师可知，此处指成为工程师是他的梦想。 29．A.truths B．responsibilities C．ideas D．principles 解析：选C　根据下文“His three-legged robot STriDER”可知，他发明了一个三足机器人，这很有创意，由此可知，此处指创意想法来自任何地方和任何时间。 30．A.image B．sign C．example D．wish 解析：选C　根据下文“Once, he saw an elderly lady dealing with her________.”可知，此处指他的三足机器人 STriDER 就是一个很好的例子，证明灵感会出现在任何地方或任何时间。 31．A.rope B．cloth C．sweater D．hair 解析：选D　根据下文“the hair started to look like legs for Hong”及语境可知，此处指编头发。hair是原词复现。 32．A.Absolutely B．Suddenly C．Originally D．Exactly 解析：选B　根据上文“Once, he saw an elderly lady dealing with her”可知，老妇人在编头发，Hong突然间出现了灵感，这三股头发对于他来说就像三条腿，随后发明了三足机器人。 33．A.gave up B．ended up C．kept on D．put off 解析：选B　根据下文“designing STriDER after braided hair”可知，通过编发的灵感最终他发明了机器人STriDER。 34．A.arguments B．adventures C．failures D．performances 解析：选C　根据语境“Hong said that people on social media are eager to see his successes, not the _______ that came before them”以及下文“if the robot doesn't fall”可知，在STriDER机器人成功设计出来之前，它会摔倒，这说明成功之前会有一次次的失败。 35．A.break B．protest C．hesitate D．disappear 解析：选A　根据上文“if the robot doesn't fall”可知，在发明机器人时，机器人会出故障，即摔倒或摔碎，但是这会让设计者从中学到很多。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nobody 36 (like) to lose, but we must accept that losing is part of life. After all, we can't win all the time. Although losing is unpleasant, it can be a positive thing. We can learn from every failure, which may help us succeed in the future. But first we must know 37 to be a good loser. For one thing, we should take a positive attitude towards it. We can begin by realizing that losing is sometimes unavoidable. Therefore, we don't need to be 38 (embarrass). We must correct our mistakes and try again. 39 is known to all, practice makes perfect. If we practise 40 (lose) by creating challenges for 41 (we), we will never be afraid of failure. For another, we should be polite when we lose. If we offer our congratulations to the winner and share in his or her 42 (happy), our disappointment will 43 (definite) go away. All 44 all, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at first, but there are many benefits. Good losers 45 (respect) and admired and, most importantly, they win in the end. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何成为一个好的失败者。 36．likes　考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合句意可知，此处在讲述一般事实，应用一般现在时；主语为nobody，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填likes。 37．how　考查副词。此处为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构：how to do sth.，表示“如何做某事”。故填how。 38．embarrassed　考查形容词。分析句子可知，空前是系动词be，空处作表语，修饰人，表示“感到尴尬的”，故填embarrassed。 39．As　考查定语从句。as is known to all表示“众所周知”，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面一句话，置于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。 40．losing　考查非谓语动词。practise 后跟动词时，常用其-ing形式作宾语。故填losing。 41．ourselves　考查反身代词。结合句意可知，此处表示“给自己制造挑战”，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。 42．happiness　考查名词。分析句子可知，此处作介词in的宾语，应用名词形式。故填happiness。 43．definitely　考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰谓语动词go away，故填definitely。 44．in　考查介词。all in all意为“总之”，为固定搭配。故填in。 45．are respected　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子应用一般现在时；主语Good losers与respect之间是被动关系，且主语为复数形式，故填are respected。 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假定你是某高中学生李华，是英语俱乐部成员之一。最近你校英语俱乐部要举办英语演讲比赛，主题是“我对成功的看法”，你打算写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．你认为什么是成功以及如何获得成功； 2．你作为学生所需要的成功； 3．未来你希望成功完成的事情。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 My points of view on success 　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： My points of view on success What is success? I think success is to achieve the goal you want to achieve. As we all know, we have no choice but to work hard. As a student, only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference. Don't be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of success, but repetition is the father of success. Do keep on beginning. My goal is to enter an ideal university. I believe that if I try, I will succeed in the future. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Digging for dinosaurs was hot work.Benny sat back on his heels and took a long drink from his water bottle.At first, when Mom and Dad had told him they were going on a dinosaur dig for vacation, he had been excited.He had shown off to his friends that he'd find the skeleton (骨骼) of a never-before-discovered dinosaur. But the real dig wasn't at all what he had expected.For starters, he wasn't even digging.“No shovels (铲子)，” Dave, the paleontologist (古生物学家) in charge, told them.“Any dinosaur bones buried here should be within a couple of feet of the surface.We don't want to risk hitting around and breaking them.” Then he had handed out ice picks and paint brushes and showed everyone how to chip and brush away sand and dirt, slowly and carefully, a little bit at a time. “The most important thing is knowing where to look，” Dave said.“Some rocks aren't old enough to have dinosaur bones.Other rocks are too old.We've studied this area before and found lots of fossils, so I'm hopeful you'll find some too！” Well, that had been two days ago, and so far the most exciting thing Benny had found was that his front tooth was loose.He wiggled (扭动) it now.If he couldn't find any dinosaur bones, at least he could show his friends back home that he had lost another tooth. Dave sat beside Benny.“How's it going？” he asked. “OK，” Benny said.It didn't seem very nice to say that he was bored.“This is pretty slow.” Dave nodded.“Yep，” he agreed.“It's hard work.Sometimes paleontologists and fossil hunters look for weeks without finding anything.And we hardly ever find a whole skeleton.” He added, “You know, Benny, if you're tired of searching, you can always help someone else on the crew.” Benny looked around the dry, rocky hillside.Dave's assistants were busy taking photographs, drawing pictures, making charts and writing notes.Dave said it was important to take good field notes, to record exactly what you did and where you were when you looked for fossils and facts for truth. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Benny thought that he would not give up and keep looking.　__________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dave hurried over to look, carefully not to disturb the ground in front of Benny's find.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　 参考范文： Benny thought that he would not give up and keep looking.After all, he had come a long way and spent so much time and effort on this project.He knew that the dinosaur bones were out there, buried in the ground, waiting to be found.And he was determined to find them.So he continued to probe the ground, looking for any signs of the ancient creatures.When he needed a break, he wiggled his loose tooth.Suddenly, his tooth dropped out of his mouth.As he stared down at the dirt to look for it, he shouted excitedly, “My tooth! My dinosaur tooth! I found a real, live dinosaur tooth！” Dave hurried over to look, carefully not to disturb the ground in front of Benny's find.After examining it, Dave said, “It's a tooth all right！” “What kind is it？” Benny asked curiously.“Is it a tyrannosaur? Apatosaurus? Triceratops？” Dave laughed, but he kept studying the fossil in the ground.“Well, Benny，” he finally said, “I've seen a lot of dinosaur teeth, but this one is different.I think you may have found one we haven't seen before.Good job！” 附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)Work like you don't need the money.Love like you've never been hurt.Dance like nobody's watching. —Satchel Paige 工作吧，如同你不执迷于金钱。去爱吧，如同你从未受过伤害。跳舞吧，如同没人注视一样。 ——萨奇·佩吉 2．(教材名句)The real secret of success is enthusiasm. —Walter Chrysler 成功的真正秘诀是热情。 ——沃尔特·克莱斯勒 3．(教材名句)It's easier to get to the top when you're shooting for the top. —Theresa Russell 当你朝着顶峰努力的时候，你会更容易到达顶峰。 ——特蕾莎·罗素 4．(教材名句)A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. —Laozi 千里之行，始于足下。 ——老子 5．Genius only means hard-working all one's life. —Mendeleyev 天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。 ——门捷列耶夫 6．The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”． —Napoléon Bonaparte 凡是决心取得胜利的人从来不说“不可能的”。 ——拿破仑·波拿巴 7．There is no such thing as a great talent without great will-power. —Balzac 没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。 ——巴尔扎克 8．Cease to struggle and you cease to live. —Thomas Carlyle 生命不止，奋斗不息。 ——托马斯·卡莱尔 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” Lesson 1　Money vs Success(金钱与成功) Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley(安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利) [课文对译] 对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。但是，百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？有些人成为百万富翁后仍然担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但他们需要继续赚钱，这样才不会丧失已经获得的成就感。然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。 [难句破解]　句①：who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 [课文对译] 十六年前，詹森是一名大学教授，有一套6间卧室的大房子和200万美元。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。显然没有迹象能表明詹森是一个富有而成功的人！房子外面有一个小花园，种了几棵果树，詹森很喜欢侍弄它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。 [难句破解] 句②：that引导同位语从句，作signs的同位语。there are no signs that ... 意为“无迹象表明……”。 ________________________________________________________________________________ But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. And this, he said, brought him happiness and a sense of success in life. ________________________________________________________________________________ [课文对译] 但是詹森喜欢这种变化。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活——在很多人一无所有的时候自己却能够拥有一切。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。 [课文对译] “我不需要有很多钱，也不想再买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了，”詹森说。“我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。很多人永远不能上学，他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我非常担心，作为一位富人不能有所为，我感到非常内疚。” [难句破解] 句③：what引导主语从句，动词不定式短语作表语。 [课文对译] 因此，他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。“这是一种我从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感，”詹森说。“当然， 很多人认为‘成功’意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自于帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。” [难句破解] 句④：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success。 [课文对译] 大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时，就可以高枕无忧了。但是，大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。和过去相比，他错过了什么吗？“不， 现在我更开心，因为我依照自己的价值观生活。衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。” [难句破解]　 句⑤：that引导宾语从句；having only a little money 为动名词短语作主语。 句⑥：not ... but ... 意为“不是……而是……”，连接表示选择关系的并列句。 Lesson 3　Getting to the Top(达到顶峰) [课文对译] 为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。 [难句破解] 句①：两个that都引导宾语从句，其中第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可省略。 [课文对译] 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道走向顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。 这些是我作为职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？ [难句破解] 句②：what引导宾语从句，意为“……的人或物”。 [课文对译] 我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的全家旅行；我忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练，差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。 [难句破解] 句③：ruining a family holiday in France ... 与 almost missing my brother's wedding ... 是think of的宾语。 [课文对译] 归根结底：我天生就是个特别有干劲儿和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有 250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 [难句破解]　 句④：while引导时间状语从句。 句⑤：no matter what引导让步状语从句。 [课文对译] 成为一名职业运动员也不例外。如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。 这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我宁愿有三到四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。” [难句破解] 句⑥：本句为强调句型，其中you have done in your preparation为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词thing。 句⑦：even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。 [课文对译] 做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 Topic Talk 1．persistent adj.　　　　　　 坚持的；执意的 2．determined adj. 坚定的，坚决的 拓展 搭配|be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 3．optimistic adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的 反义|pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的 4．astronaut n. 宇航员 5．committed adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的 搭配 拓展 6．disciplined adj. 遵守纪律的 拓展|discipline n. 纪律；训练 7．enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的 搭配|be enthusiastic about 热衷于 拓展|enthusiasm n. 热情；热衷的事物 8．ambitious adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的 拓展|ambition n. 抱负；雄心 9．appreciative adj. 感激的 搭配|be appreciative of 感激…… 拓展 10．make sense 有意义；解释得通 11．injury n. 伤，损害 拓展|injure vt. 伤，损害 12．career n. 职业，事业 13．cooperation n. 合作，协作 拓展|cooperate v. 合作 14．employee n. 雇员 拓展 Lesson 1 1．millionaire n. 百万富翁 2．comfortably adv. 舒服地，舒适地 拓展 3．symbol n. 象征，标志 4．ultimate adj. 最后的，最终的 拓展|ultimately adv. 最后，最终 5．professor n. 教授 6．fortune n. 大笔的钱，巨款 生义|n. 命运 拓展 7．dormitory＝dorm n. 寝室，学生宿舍 8．furniture n. [U]家具 9．appreciate vt. 欣赏；赏识 搭配 10．hunger n. 饥饿，饥荒 生义|n. 渴望 拓展|hungry adj. 饥饿的 11．get on 发迹；出人头地 12．guilty adj. 内疚的，羞愧的 拓展|guilt n. 内疚，羞愧 13．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学 Lesson 2 1．hybrid adj. 杂交的 n. 杂交种；混合体 2．influential adj. 有影响力的 拓展|influence vt.& n. 影响 3．devote vt. 把……奉献给；专心致力于 搭配|devote ... to 致力于 拓展|devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的 4．production n. 生产；产量 拓展|produce vt. 生产，制造 5．vision n. 远见卓识 6．telecommunications n. 电信，电讯 7．minimum n. 最少量；最小数；最低限度 8．championship n. 冠军称号，冠军地位 9．publisher n. 出版商 拓展|publish vt. 出版 10．reject vt. 拒绝接受 11．contract n. 合同；契约 12．motivating adj. 起激励作用的；激发(人)的 拓展 13．limit vt.& n. 限制，限定 搭配|limit ...to ... 把……限制在……内 拓展 14．distraction n. 使人分心的事物 拓展|distract vt. 使分心 15．convince vt. 说服；使确信 搭配|convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 拓展 Lesson 3 1．extreme n. 极端 2．strive vi. 努力；奋斗 搭配|strive for 争取 3．encyclopaedia n. 百科全书 4．entry n. 条目 生义|n. 参赛作品 5．academic adj. 学术的 6．ruin vt. 毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 搭配|in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭 7．skip vt. 不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 生义|v. 快速转移(话题等) 8．defensive adj. 戒备的，自卫的 拓展|defend vt. 保卫 9．element n. 基本部分；要素 10．workout n. 训练，锻炼 11．intensity n. 强度；强烈 12．selfish adj. 自私的，自私自利的 反义|selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的 13．sacrifice n. 牺牲 14．countless adj. 无数的，数不尽的 反义|countable adj. 可数的 拓展|count v. 数；重要 15．hire vt. 租用 联想|fire v. 解雇；射击 16．triathlete n. 铁人三项运动员 17．boil vi.& vt. (使) 沸腾，煮沸 生义|v. 发怒 搭配|boil down to sth. 归结为；要点是 18．enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的 19．stay in 待在家里 20．length n. 长度 21．rugby n. (英式)橄榄球 22．apply oneself to sth. 努力；专心致志于某事 23．apart adj. & adv. 分开；散开 搭配|set sb./sth. apart 使与众不同 24．platform n. 舞台；月台 25．injured adj. 受伤的 26．outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的 27．average adj. 平庸的，普通的 n. 平均水平；平均数 搭配 28．normal adj. 正常的，平常的 Writing Workshop 1．iron n. 铁；熨斗 生义|adj. 坚强的 2．hammer n. 榔头；锤子 3．recognised adj. 公认的；经过检验的 拓展 4．contribute vi.& vt. 增进；捐献；促成 搭配|contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿 拓展|contribution n. 捐献；贡献 5．style n. 方式，特点 6．retire vi. 退休；退职 拓展|retirement n. 退休；退职 搭配|retire from 从……退休 7．leadership n. 领导；领导地位 8．devotion n. 奉献；忠心 Reading Club 1 & 2 1．advanced adj. 先进的；高级的；晚期的 拓展|advance n．& vi. 前进；进步；发展 2．forwards adv. 向前 3．collapse vi. 突然倒下；倒塌 4．reference n. 推荐信；谈到，提及 拓展|refer v. 谈到，提及 5．faith n. 相信；信任 拓展|faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 6．discipline n. 自制力 vt. 惩罚，处罚 7．found vt. 创立；创建 8．rejection n. 嫌弃；拒绝接受 9．fashion n. 时尚 10．designer n. 设计师，设计者 拓展|design n．& v. 设计 11．bitterly adv. 痛苦地；愤恨地 12．promotion n. 提升，晋升 拓展|promote v. 提升，晋升 13．bridal adj. 婚礼的；新娘的 14．label n. 标签，标记 vt. 贴标签于 15．entrance n. 进入许可；入口 16．income n. 收入；收益 联想|outcome n. 结果；效果 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题 1　身边值得尊敬的人 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1．人物简介； 2．值得尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 The person I respect There are many respectable people around us.　_____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [推荐范文] The person I respect There are many respectable people around us.As for me, my mother is the person I respect most. She is an ordinary teacher who shows great affection for her students. She is respected by her students. In her daily life, not only does she devote herself to the work but she also spares some time to accompany me.Whenever I come across problems in my study and life, my mother will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome them bravely. My mother is the person who deserves my heartfelt respect and deep love. 写作话题 2　介绍中国科学家 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Henry发来邮件，提到他对中国所取得的科技成就感到无比钦佩，想了解一些中国科学家的事迹。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，为他介绍一位你最喜欢的中国科学家，内容包括： 1．生平简介；　2.主要成就。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Dear Henry， I'd like to introduce my favorite scientist to you. Regarded as “the father of China's nuclear bomb”， Deng Jiaxian is the scientist I admire most.Born in 1924 in Anhui Province, he got his doctor's degree from Purdue University in America in 1950.After that, he returned to China and devoted all his life to the development of China's nuclear and hydrogen bombs.After years of hard work, he died in Beijing in 1986. Deng Jiaxian made great contributions to the development of our country and will always be remembered as an outstanding scientist. Yours， Li Hua (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　帮助学生进步 At the end of this third grade, Amanda's progress really surprised me. Her social skills had improved dramatically and her ability to deal with people she did not like was advancing, which really made me surprised. What's more, she had succeeded in passing two of her standardized tests and she was close to reading on grade level. This year was also remarkable for me, a beginner teacher, for I've learned that great patience and persistence in teaching really pay off. 在三年级结束时，Amanda的进步真的让我感到惊讶。她的社交能力有了显著的提高，她与不喜欢的人打交道的能力也在提高，这真的让我感到吃惊。更重要的是，她成功地通过了两次标准化考试，阅读成绩接近年级水平。这一年对我这个初出茅庐的老师来说也是不平凡的一年，因为我学到在教学中付出巨大的耐心和坚持是真的有回报的。 语段2　登台表演 I had never performed the song live, and hadn't been on stage for years. Seized by a strong sense of tension, I stood on the stage, hearing the huge cheers and seeing a sea of lights below the stage. I was lost at the moment, holding the microphone tightly. I tried my best to collect myself and began to sing my own song which I had practiced hundreds of times. Looking back the years I had experienced as I sang on the stage, I realized that it is the opportunity that I had been waiting for the whole life. I kept myself full of enthusiasm as I was singing on the stage, showing the best to the audience. 我从来没有在现场演唱过这首歌，也有很多年没有登台了。一种强烈的紧张感攫住了我。我站在舞台上，听着台下巨大的欢呼声，看着台下一片灯光的海洋。我紧紧地拿着麦克风，一时不知所措。我尽我最大的努力控制自己，开始演唱我自己的歌，这首歌我已经练习了数百次。在舞台上唱歌时我回顾了自己经历的这些年，我意识到这是我一生都在等待的机会。在舞台上唱歌时，我保持着饱满的热情，把最好的一面展现给观众。五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读(一)　愤怒情绪可能带来成功 The experiments suggest people who are angry perform better on a set of challenging tasks than those who are emotionally neutral.“These findings demonstrate that anger increases effort toward attaining a desired goal, frequently resulting in greater success，” said Dr Heather Lench, the first author of the study. The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, details how researchers data from more than 1,400 people, to explore the possible impact of anger on people in various circumstances. In one experiment, students were shown images previously found to elicit anger, desire, amusement, sadness or no particular emotion at all. Participants were subsequently asked to solve a series of anagrams. those in the other possible emotional states — although no difference was seen for easy anagrams. The researchers say one explanation could be down to a link between anger and greater persistence, with the team finding those who were angry spent more time on the difficult set of anagrams. In another experiment, participants who were angry did better at dodging flags in a skiing video game than those who were neutral or sad, and were on a par with those who felt amusement or desire.“This pattern could indicate that general physical arousal had a benefit for game scores, as this would be greater in anger, amused, and desire conditions compared to the sad and neutral conditions，” the researchers write. “People often prefer to use positive emotions as tools more than negative and tend to see negative emotions as undesirable and maladaptive，” Lench said. “Our research adds to the growing evidence that a mix of positive and negative emotions promotes well-being, and that using negative emotions as tools can be particularly effective in some situations.” [难句破解] 句①：句子主干是The study details ...。published in ...是过去分词短语作定语； how researchers ...是宾语从句，其中包含现在分词短语 involving more than 1,000 people作定语，to explore the possible impact of anger on people in various circumstances为不定式短语作目的状语。 句②：句子主干是The results reveal ...。that引导宾语从句，其中包含who引导的定语从句及although引导的让步状语从句。 [助读译文] 一项实验表明，与平静的人相比，愤怒的人在一系列具有挑战性的任务中表现更好。该研究论文的第一作者希瑟·连奇博士说：“这些发现表明，愤怒让人更努力实现预期目标，从而获得更大成功。” 这项研究发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上，详细说明了得克萨斯农工大学的研究人员怎样对1 000多人进行测试，并分析了1 400多人的调查数据，以探索愤怒在各种情况下对人的潜在影响。 实验中，研究人员向参与学生展示了会引发愤怒、欲望、愉快、悲伤或不会引起情绪波动的图像。随后参与者需要解一系列字谜。 研究结果表明，愤怒的参与者在解答高难度字谜上的表现比处于其他情绪状态的人更好——但在解答简单字谜上没有差异。 研究人员表示，一种解释可能是愤怒和更持久的毅力有关，研究小组发现，那些愤怒的人花了更多的时间去解开高难度的字谜。 在另一项实验中，愤怒的参与者比平静或悲伤的参与者更善于在滑雪电子游戏中躲避旗帜，并且与快乐或兴奋的参与者不相上下。研究人员写道：“这种模式可能表明，身体进入兴奋状态可以帮助提高得分，而与悲伤和平静的情绪相比，在愤怒、快乐、渴望的情绪下身体更亢奋。” 连奇说：“人们往往更喜欢将积极情绪化作动力，并倾向于将消极情绪视为不受欢迎的不良情绪。但越来越多的证据表明，积极情绪和消极情绪共存会促进幸福感，在某些情况下，消极情绪可能发挥有效作用。” 时尚悦读(二)　科学的价值 When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody.It was obviously useful; it was good.But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb.This result of science was obviously very serious — it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk.I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？” loved — when I saw what terrible things it could do? It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk. scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad — but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value — even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with.When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still.Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance.When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science.In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt.Permit us to question — to doubt — to not be sure. It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. (Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman, an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965) [难句破解] 句①：句子主句是what is the value of the science ...；句中when引导时间状语从句，从句含有一个what引导的宾语从句；句中I had long devoted myself to为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词science；I had loved为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词thing。 句②：本句为主从复合句。in which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词way；is of value相当于is valuable。 句③：句中if引导条件状语从句；主句中包含了not only ...(but) also ...结构；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词choice。 句④：句中when引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。 [助读译文] 在我还很年轻的时候，我以为科学会给每个人都带来好处。科学显然是有用的，有好的一面。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。这个科学的成果又明摆着有很大危险性——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？” 换言之，在我发现科学可能造成的恶果之后，我一直投身其中的科学，我曾经的挚爱，价值何在？这是一个我不得不回答的问题。关于这个问题，我苦思冥想了很久，我将试着在这次演讲中给出解答。 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事，造不同种类的东西。当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是该如何运用， 它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。 科学的另一种价值在于它能够给予我们以智力的享受。当我们足够深入地探究某个问题时，我们会感到兴奋和神秘不断地扑面而来。随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题与奥秘。有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。 现在，我要说到科学的第三种价值。科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有主意时，他是不确定的。当他非常确信结果将会怎样时，他仍旧有所怀疑。 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。但是我们怀疑的自由，脱胎于早年间科学为对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。 (改编自1965年诺贝尔物理学奖得主、美国科学家理查德·费曼的公开演讲) 时尚悦读(三)　通往成功之路 Near the small town of Grottoes, Virginia, a narrow dirt road goes from the house of Stephen Curry's grandfather to the woods nearby.A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association (NBA), it was along this road that Stephen's grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this muddy basketball court.He probably didn't realise it at the time, creative and flexible as a player. You see, with every shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. caused the ball to bounce in all directions. Knowing where the ball would go wasn't easy.He had to adjust his own playing style as a result. Shooting with great accuracy was another thing he learnt. Only shots perfectly aimed at its centre went into the heavy, thick basket.In this way, practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills. Despite his father's successful career, Stephen was thought by many people, including his high school teammates and coaches, to be too short, too thin and too weak to follow in his father's footsteps. But Stephen carried on. Playing basketball was his dream. He would not give up. He finally ended up playing college ball at a small, little-known school, Davidson College, not too far from where he lived.His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson's star player. He performed beyond everyone's expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts.In 2015, Stephen won his first NBA championship, and he led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two years in a row, Stephen explained his philosophy, “I never really set out to change the game ... was just be myself ...I know it inspires a lot of the next generation, the skill of it, value the fact that you can work every single day to get better. You've got to be able to put in the time and the work.That's how I got here.That's how I continue to get better every single day.” Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become. Through self-belief, hard work, perseverance and some help from an old hoop, he has shown that anything is possible. [难句破解] 句①：where引导表语从句。 句②：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词bumps and rocks。 句③：过去分词Selected for ...在句中作状语，与其逻辑主语Stephen之间为动宾关系。 句④：What引导主语从句，在主语从句中作宾语。 句⑤：who引导定语从句，修饰先行词 people；that引导同位语从句，解释说明 fact的具体内容。 句⑥：Inspiring others ...在句中作状语；that引导同位语从句，从句中第一个what引导主语从句，第二个what引导宾语从句。 [助读译文] 在弗吉尼亚州的格罗托斯小镇附近，一条狭窄的土路从斯蒂芬·库里的祖父家延伸至附近的树林。这与美国男子职业篮球联赛(NBA)赛场上明亮的灯光和闪亮的球场相去甚远。正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一块塑料贴到电线杆上，建了一个简易篮筐。 与父亲戴尔·库里这位篮球明星一样，斯蒂芬的许多童年时光都是在这个土篮球场上度过的。尽管当时他可能并没有意识到，但就是在这里，他学会了如何成为一名有创造力、能够灵活变通的篮球运动员。你瞧，每次投篮，不牢固的塑料篮板都摇摇欲坠。篮筐下的小路凹凸不平，布满了石块，篮球也因此弹向四面八方。能够判断出球反弹的方向并不容易，因此他不得不调整自己的打球方式。他在这里学到的另一项技能是精准的投篮技术。只有完美地瞄准中心，篮球才能进入厚重的篮筐。如此日复一日地练习，斯蒂芬的篮球技术变得炉火纯青。 尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练等很多人都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。但斯蒂芬继续坚持打球。打篮球是他的梦想，他绝不会放弃。终于，斯蒂芬在规模不大且鲜为人知的戴维森学院成为一名大学篮球赛的球员，这所学院离他家不算远。斯蒂芬凭借自己的创造性和毅力成为戴维森学院的明星球员。 2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加入了金州勇士队。凭借精准的投篮和不懈的努力，他的表现令人刮目相看。2015年，斯蒂芬赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军，这也是他带领勇士队获得的自1975年以来的第一个冠军。 在连续两年获得“最有价值球员”奖后，斯蒂芬阐释了他的人生观：“我从未真正想过改变比赛……我只想做我自己……我知道这激励着很多后辈、很多热爱篮球比赛的人，让他们认识到技术的重要性，认识到你可以通过每天的不断努力而变得更好。你必须肯花时间和精力。这是我走到今天的方法，也是我每一天都能更进一步的原因。”斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。通过自信、勤奋、毅力，以及一只旧篮筐的帮助，他向人们证明了一切皆有可能。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$