名词性从句 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

在复合句中相当于名词的从句,称为名词性从句,主要分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四类。名词性从句的连接词及其用法如下表: 类别 连接词 意义 功能 从属 连词 that 无意义 不充当成分 whether/if 是否 不充当成分 连接 代词 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、 表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语 whom 谁 宾语 whose 谁的 定语 连接 副词 when 何时 时间状语 where 哪里 地点状语 why 为何 原因状语 how 如何 方式状语 一.主语从句 规则1 引导词 主语从句的常见引导词有: (1)从属连词: that, whether, if; (2)连接代词:what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever; (3)连接副词:how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever。 规则2 it作形式主语 在通常情况下,that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型: (1)It+be+形容词+从句: It is necessary that…有必要…… It is important that…重要的是…… It is obvious that…很明显…… (2)It+be+过去分词+从句: It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…众所周知…… It has been decided that…已决定…… (3)It+be+名词(短语)+从句: It is common knowledge that… ……是常识。 It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是…… (4)It+不及物动词/动词短语+从句: It appears that…似乎…… It happens that…碰巧…… It occurs to sb that… 某人突然想起…… It doesn’t matter whether… ……是否……没有关系。 【小试牛刀一】 1. 　　　　　　upset me most was that I was stuck in the elevator and my cellphone was dead.   2.It is 　　　　　　he often breaks the school rules 　　　　　　makes his class teacher unsatisfied with him.   二.宾语从句 规则1 引导宾语从句的连接词主要有: (1)从属连词:that, whether, if; (2)连接代词:what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等; (3)连接副词:when, where, why, how等。 规则2 宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。 He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我我们第二天什么时候可以出发。 规则3 宾语从句的时态 (1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。 She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。 He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) [温馨提示] 引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略,但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略。 The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 老师说课文非常重要, 我们应该背下来。(第二个that不能省略) 【小试牛刀二】 1. Desertification, the name for 　　　　　　happens when land that can be used to grow crops turns into desert, is a growing world problem.   2. Students are required to ask their parents 　　　　　　they can go on the school trip, and they are also responsible for giving notice in advance if they cannot.   三.表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。 No changes have taken place in the village. It remains what it used to be. 这个村子一直未发生变化,它仍是过去的样子。 The reason why he missed classes was that he was ill in hospital. 他缺课的原因是他生病住院了。 This house was in a mess and looked as if no one had lived in it for many years. 这所房子一片狼藉,看起来好像很多年没人住过似的。 【小试牛刀三】 1.Sorry, he can’t go with you. The reason is 　　　　　　he has something to do tomorrow.   2.Actually, girls can be 　　　　　　they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a manager.   考点四　同位语从句 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词做进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。 [温馨提示] 同位语从句的几种特殊情况: (1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy troops had fled the city before they entered the village. 他突然想到,也许敌军在他们进入村庄之前已经逃离了这座城市。 (2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。 The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。 【易混辨别】 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句 定语从句 功能不同 　对名词加以补充说明 　与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系 (续表) 同位语从句 定语从句 that 　不作成分;起连接作用,不可省略 　作主语或宾语,起连接作用;并且作从句的宾语时可省略 whether/ how 　不作成分;起连接作用,表示“是否”“如何” 　不引导定语从句 wh-类 连接词 　作成分;起连接作用;有自己的含义,但与所修饰的词之间无关 　作成分;起连接作用;没有自己的含义,但是代替先行词在从句中作成分 The news that Mr Li will be our new English teacher is true. 李先生将是我们的新英语老师的消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不可省略) The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,可省略) 【小试牛刀四】 1.The fact has worried many scientists 　　　　　　the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.   2.This should serve as a warning 　　　　　　people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.   综合训练 Ⅰ.单句填空 1.　　　　　　 he lied about his academic background at the interview really surprised us after the truth came out.  2. The truth is 　　　　　　we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world.  3. Reconstructing the works of the craftsmen from ancient times can reveal　　　　　　they viewed the world and what went on in the workshops that produced them.  4. Now that I have tried my best in the English contest, it doesn’t matter much to me 　　　　　　the result will be.  5. All the people have incredible ideas to share, but what matters is 　　　　　　we’re able to carry them out.  6. These days, teachers have been sparing no effort to create　　　　　　 they hope will be the best means to improve the efficiency of online teaching.  7. To be honest, I am not the person deserving the honour; it should be given to 　　　　　　we think has made the greatest contribution.  8. As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose 　　　　　　suits you best.  9. What the doctors really doubt is 　　　　　　the patient will recover from the serious disease soon.  10. Doris’ success lies in the fact 　　　　　　she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.  11.　　　　　　remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention.  12. A warm thought suddenly came to me 　　　　　　I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.  Ⅱ.语法填空 China will build the world’s largest national park system, and a layout plan will be released soon. The plan is being drafted 1.　　　　　　(meet) the requirements of building a system with the largest scale of protection, the most diverse geographical features and the highest conservation value in the world. Under the plan, which 2.　　　　　　(launch) by the administration in 2019, about 50 areas have been selected as candidates for national parks. The parks are expected to cover 10 percent of the 3.　　　　　(country) land area and preserve more than 80 percent of the key national 4.　　　　　　(protect) wild plant and animal species. In October, China announced its first group of five national parks, covering 5.　　　　　　total land area of more than 230,000 square kilometres. Since their establishment, the parks 6.　　　　　　(make) achievements in environmental and species protection. “At the same time, a new group of national parks are being established 7.　　　　　an orderly manner and will be put into use as soon as possible,” emphasized Li, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration official. Li also said at the news conference on Monday 8.　　　　　　China’s planted forest conservation area has reached 87.6 million hectares, 9.　　　　　　(rank) No. 1 in the world. China is also one of the 12 countries with the 10.　　　　　(rich) biodiversity in the world, he added.  【小试牛刀一】 1.What　考查主语从句。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西”,应用what引导,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填What。 2.that;that　考查主语从句和强调句。句意:正是因为他经常违反校规,他的班主任才对他不满意。分析句子结构可知,第一个空引导的是主语从句。主语从句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引导。第二空符合强调句句型:it is+被强调的部分+that+其他。根据句意可知,该强调句是对主语从句“…he often breaks the school rules…”进行强调,故用that。故第一空填that,第二空也填that。 【小试牛刀二】 1.what　考查宾语从句。句意:荒漠化是一个日益严重的世界问题,它指的是可以用来种植作物的土地变成沙漠时所发生的变化。分析句子可知,for后接宾语从句,宾语从句缺少主语,根据句意可知,用what作主语。故填 what。 2.if/whether　考查宾语从句。“…they can go on the school trip…”是宾语从句,从句成分完整,根据句意可知,空处表示“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。 【小试牛刀三】 1.that　考查表语从句。句意:抱歉,他不能和你去,因为明天他有事要做。空格处引导表语从句,主语是the reason,从句中句子成分完整,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 2.whatever　考查表语从句。句意:事实上,女孩可以像男孩一样成为任何她们想成为的人,无论是飞行员、宇航员还是经理。根据句子结构可知,应填连接代词whatever引导表语从句,whatever同时在该从句中充当be的表语,意为“不管什么”。故填whatever。 【小试牛刀四】 1.that　考查同位语从句。句意:这些年来地球变得越来越热的事实让很多科学家很担忧。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,对前面名词 fact的内容进行解释,且从句不缺成分,故用连接词that。故填that。 2.that　考查同位语从句。句意:这应该当作一种警告,人们应该注意周围的环境,特别是过马路的时候。此处引导同位语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 综合训练 Ⅰ.1.That　考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用That。句意:他在面试时谎报了学历,真相大白后这着实让我们大吃一惊。 2.that　考查表语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分,且句意完整,故用连接词that引导表语从句。句意:事实是,我们很幸运,随时都能喝到干净的水,但对世界上许多人来说,情况并非如此。 3.how　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,“…they viewed the world…”和“…what went on in the workshops…”是两个并列的宾语从句,均为reveal的宾语,设空处引导的宾语从句中缺少方式状语,故用连接副词how“如何”引导宾语从句。句意:重建古代工匠的作品可以揭示他们是如何看待世界的,以及在生产它们的作坊里发生了什么。 4.what　考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语,空格处引导主语从句,从句中缺少表语,句子表示“结果是什么样的对我来说并不重要”,因此用what引导主语从句。句意:既然我已经在英语比赛中尽力了,结果是什么样的对我来说并不重要。 5.whether　考查表语从句。此处表示“我们的不可思议的想法是否能够付诸实践”,故用whether引导表语从句,表示“是否”。 6.what　考查宾语从句。此空引导宾语从句,在从句中充当谓语will be的主语,故填what。句意:如今,教师们一直在不遗余力地创造他们希望的最好的手段来提高在线教学的效率。 7.whoever　考查宾语从句。介词to后接宾语从句,从句缺主语,意为“无论谁,不管什么人”,故用引导词whoever。句意:老实说,我不是一个应该得到这个荣誉的人,应该把它送给我们认为做出最大贡献的人。 8.whichever　考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句,前面as many as five courses给出了范围,表示“无论哪个”,故填whichever。句意:提供的课程多达五门,你可以自由选择最适合你的课程。 9.whether　考查表语从句。引导表语从句,表示“是否”,只能用whether。句意:医生真正怀疑的是病人是否将很快从这个严重的疾病中恢复。 10.that　考查同位语从句。空前为the fact,后面的从句对前面的词进行解释,从句句意完整、成分齐全,故用that。 11.What　考查主语从句。引导主语从句,并作从句的主语,指事物,应用what,且句首单词首字母大写。句意:仍然重要的是,我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望,那才是真正的发明精神。 12.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导同位语从句,对前面名词thought进行解释说明,且从句不缺成分,故用引导词that。 Ⅱ 1.to meet　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处是不定式作目的状语。故填to meet。 2.was launched　考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据时间状语 in 2019可知,应用一般过去时。先行词the plan与launch是被动关系,故用被动语态。故填was launched。 3.country’s　考查名词所有格。分析句子可知,此处应用名词所有格形式作定语。故填country’s。 4.protected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处是非谓语动词作定语。wild plant and animal species与protect是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。故填protected。 5.a　考查冠词。cover a(n)…area of 是固定短语,意为“占地……;覆盖多大面积”,total的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 6.have made　考查动词时态。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语,根据时间状语since their establishment可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填have made。 7.in　考查介词。in an orderly manner是固定短语,意为“有条不紊地”。故填in。 8.that　考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,空格处应填入宾语从句引导词,该宾语从句成分齐全,句意完整,故用that引导。故填that。 9.ranking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处表示一种自然而然的结果,用现在分词作结果状语。故填ranking。 10.richest　考查形容词最高级。句意:他补充道,中国也是世界上生物多样性最丰富的12个国家之一。根据句中in the world和空前的the可知,此处应用形容词最高级。故填richest。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$