内容正文:
《25新-人教版八年级上册》
Unit 2 Section B How do you feel at home
知识点清单
· 核心词汇
1.almost /ˈɔːlməʊst/ adv. 差不多;几乎
同义词:nearly
用法:
almost + 形容词 / 动词:几乎处于某种状态 / 几乎做某事
例句:
The room was almost empty.
房间几乎空了。
almost all/none/everybody:几乎所有 / 几乎没有 / 几乎每个人
例句:
Almost all students passed the exam.
几乎所有学生都通过了考试。
2.journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n. 旅行;历程 v. 旅行
用法:
on a journey (to/from):在(往返)旅程中
例句:
He’s on a journey to Europe.
他在去欧洲的旅途中。
make/take a journey:旅行
例句:
We made a journey across the desert.
我们穿越了沙漠。
辨析:
journey:侧重长途陆地旅行,强调 “过程”。
trip:侧重短途旅行,强调 “往返性”。
例句:
The journey to London was tiring.
去伦敦的路程很累人。
I took a trip to London.
我去伦敦旅行了一次。
3.pull /pʊl/ v. 拉;拖;拔
用法:
have a pull (with sb.):对某人有影响力
例句:
He has a lot of pull with the boss.
他对老板很有影响力。
pull away:(车辆)驶离;挣脱
例句:
The train pulled away from the station.
火车驶离了车站。
4. luggage /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/ n. 行李(不可数名词)
同义词:baggage。
用法:
carry/take luggage:携带行李
例句:
Can you help me carry my luggage?
你能帮我提行李吗?
a piece of luggage:一件行李
I have two pieces of luggage.
我有两件行李。
5.ah /ɑː/ interj. 啊(表示高兴、惊奇等)
用法:ah well:哎,好吧(表无奈或接受)
例句:
Ah well, maybe next time.
哎,好吧,也许下次吧。
6.share sth with sb 把…… 与…… 分享
例句:
She shared her sandwich with me.
她把三明治分了我一半。
I always share my worries with my best friend.
我总是和最好的朋友分享烦恼。
7.mm (=mmm) /m/ interj. 嗯(表示喜欢、同意等)
例句:
—That sounds like a good plan.这计划听起来不错。
—Mm, I agree.嗯,我同意。
8.familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 熟悉的
反义词:unfamiliar
用法:
be familiar with sth.:熟悉某物(主语为人)
例句:
She is familiar with three foreign languages.
她熟悉三门外语。
be familiar to sb.:为某人所熟悉(主语为物)
例句:
His name is familiar to most readers.
他的名字为大多数读者所熟知。
9.joke /dʒəʊk/ n. 笑话 v. 开玩笑
用法:
tell a joke:讲笑话
例句:
He loves to tell jokes at parties.
他喜欢在聚会上讲笑话。
play a joke on sb.:开某人的玩笑
例句:
They played a joke on their teacher by hiding her pen.
他们把老师的笔藏起来捉弄她。
joke about sth.:拿某事开玩笑
例句:
We shouldn’t joke about sensitive topics.
我们不应该拿敏感话题开玩笑。
10.several /ˈsevrəl/ pron. 几个;一些 adj. 各自的
用法:
several of:几个……;若干……
例句:
Several of my friends are coming to the party.
我的几个朋友会来参加聚会。
several times:几次;多次
例句:
I’ve watched this movie several times.
这部电影我已经看过好几遍了。
11.nod /nɒd/ n. & v. 点(头)
用法:
nod at/to sb.:向某人点头(示意)
例句:
She nodded to me across the room.
她在房间对面朝我点头。
nod off:打盹;打瞌睡
例句:
I nodded off during the boring meeting.
我在乏味的会议上睡着了。
give a nod:点头(表示同意或认可)
例句:
The manager gave a nod of approval.
经理点头表示认可。
12. writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/ n. 作者
同根词:write v. 写;写作
例句:
I love reading Hemingway—a brilliant writer.
我喜欢读海明威的作品 —— 他是位杰出的作家。
He is one of the world’s best-selling writers.
他是全球畅销书作家之一。
13. text /tekst/ n. 正文;文本 v. (用手机给某人)发短信
同根词:textbook n. 教科书
We need to read the text carefully before answering.
答题前我们需要仔细阅读文本。
用法:
text sb. (sth.):给某人发(某内容)短信
例句:
I’ll text you the address later.
我稍后把地址发短信给你。
14. describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述;形容
同根词:description n. 描述;描写
例句:
She tried to describe the beautiful sunset in her diary.
她试图在日记中描述美丽的日落。
Words cannot describe how grateful I am.
言语无法描述我有多感激。
The witness accurately described the car’s color and model.
目击者准确地描述了汽车的颜色和型号。
15.wherever /weərˈevə(r)/ adv. & conj. 无论去哪里;在任何地方
用法:引导让步状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句
例句:
Wherever you travel, you can find friendly people.
无论你到哪里旅行,都能遇到友好的人。
Wherever he goes is not my concern.
他去任何地方都与我无关。
拓展:疑问词 + ever
whatever(无论什么)、
whenever(无论何时)、
whoever(无论谁)、
whichever(无论哪个)、
however(无论怎样)
例句:
Whatever he says, I won't believe him.
无论他说什么,我都不会相信他。
16.matter /ˈmætə(r)/ v. 要紧;有关系 n. 问题;事情
用法:
no matter:不论;不要紧(非正式语境中可单独使用,意为 “没关系”)
例句:
—Sorry, I’m late.
抱歉,我迟到了。
—No matter. Come in.
没关系,进来吧。
no matter + 疑问词:引导让步状语从句(相当于 “疑问词 + ever”)
例句:
No matter what he says, I won’t change my mind.
不管他说什么,我都不会改变主意。
例句:No matter when you arrive, we’ll wait for you.
不管你什么时候到,我们都会等你。
17.perhaps /pəˈhæps/ adv. 也许;可能
同义词:maybe, possibly
例句:
Perhaps you're right.
也许你是对的。
I think perhaps I'll go for a walk later.
我想稍后可能去散散步。
18.plate /pleɪt/ n. 盘子;碟子
同义词:dish
例句:
He served himself a large plate of pasta.
他给自己盛了一大盘意大利面。
She put the clean plates back in the cupboard.
她把干净的盘子放回橱柜。
19.freshly /ˈfreʃli/ adv. 刚刚;新近
用法:
freshly + 过去分词(表示 “刚完成的动作”)
例句:
The table was covered with freshly picked flowers.
桌上摆满了刚采摘的鲜花。
She stepped into the freshly cleaned room.
她走进刚打扫过的房间。
20.smell /smel/ n. 气味;臭味 v. 闻到;发臭
例句:
I can smell something burning in the kitchen.
我闻到厨房里有东西烧焦了。
The smell of rain is one of my favorites.
雨后的气味是我最喜欢的之一。
The roses smell wonderful.
这些玫瑰闻起来真香。
21.joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 喜悦;乐趣
拓展:
同义词:pleasure
同根词:joyful adj. 快乐的
用法:
with joy:高兴地
例句:
She jumped with joy when she heard the good news.
听到好消息时,她高兴得跳了起来。
to one’s joy:令某人高兴的是
例句:
To our great joy, the project was a success.
令我们非常高兴的是,项目成功了。
22.apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. 公寓套房;房间
例句:
They sold their apartment and bought a house in the suburbs.
他们卖掉公寓,在郊区买了房子。
23.decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v. 装饰;装潢
拓展:
同根词 decoration n. 装饰;装饰品
用法:
decorate…with…:用…… 装饰……
例句:
They decorated the room with balloons and streamers.
他们用气球和彩带装饰房间。
decorate for sth.:为(节日等)装饰
例句:
The city is decorated for Christmas.
城市为圣诞节装饰一新。
24.cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v. 遮盖;包括 n. 遮盖物;封皮
用法:
cover up:掩盖(错误);盖住
例句:
The snow covered up the tracks.
雪盖住了脚印。
book cover:书封面
例句:
The book cover is designed by a famous artist.
书封面由著名艺术家设计。
25.poster /ˈpəʊstə(r)/ n. 海报
He created a colorful poster for the school talent show.
他为学校才艺表演设计了一张色彩鲜艳的海报。
用法:put up a poster:张贴海报
例句:
They put up posters around the campus to promote the concert.
他们在校园张贴海报宣传音乐会。
26.scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ n. 剪刀(复数形式,与 “a pair of” 搭配)
用法:
a pair of scissors:一把剪刀
例句:
Can you pass me a pair of scissors?
你能递给我一把剪刀吗?
sharp/dull scissors:锋利 / 钝的剪刀
例句:
These sharp scissors cut paper easily.
这把锋利的剪刀很容易剪纸。
27.glue /ɡluː/ n. 胶水 v. 粘贴
用法:
glue sth. together:把某物粘在一起
例句:
She tried to glue the broken vase together.
她试图粘碎花瓶。
glued to sth.:紧盯着某物
例句:
The children were glued to the TV while watching their favorite cartoon.
孩子们目不转睛地看动画片。
28.paper cutting 剪纸(中国传统手工艺)
例句:
Paper cutting is often used to decorate homes during festivals in China.
在中国,剪纸常用于节日装饰房屋。
She learned to make paper cuttings from her grandmother, who was a local folk artist.
她从身为当地民间艺人的祖母那里学习剪纸。
· 句式精要
1.My friends and I are going to school!
【知识点】:现在进行时表将来
解析:
(1)be + 动词 - ing(现在进行时),表示计划好的、即将发生的动作。
(2)常搭配将来时间状语。
例句:
We are hiking the mountain tomorrow.
我们明天要去爬山。
They are flying to Beijing next week.
他们下周要飞去北京。
2.The bus ride took more than seven hours, and then they changed to a taxi to get to their uncle’s farm in the afternoon.
【知识点 1】:take + 时间(花费 / 耗时……)
解析:
(1)take 表示 “花费(时间)”。
(2)常用结构:It takes/took + 时间 + (for sb.) to do sth.(做某事花费某人多少时间)。
主语(事物)+ take (s)/took + 时间.(某事花费多少时间)。
例句:
It took me two hours to finish the homework.
完成作业花了我两小时。
The project will take three months to complete.
这个项目需要三个月完成。
Cooking dinner usually takes her an hour.
她做晚饭通常要花 1 小时。
【知识点 2】:change to(换乘 / 转换为)
解析:
(1)意为 “换乘(交通工具)” 或 “转换为某种状态 / 事物”。
(2)后接具体的交通工具或事物名词。
例句:
We need to change to the subway at the next station.
我们需要在下一站换乘地铁。
He changed his plan to a more practical one.
他把计划改成了更实际的版本。
【知识点 3】:to get to(目的状语)
解析:
(1)用不定式结构(to do)表示目的,译为 “为了……”,可置于句中或句尾,
(2)目的状语用于说明主语做某事的目的或意图,通常回答 “为什么做某事” 的问题。
拓展:
目的状语常见形式:
不定式结构(to do)、
in order to do /so as to do(更强调目的性)、
由 so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句。
例句:
She studies hard to pass the exam.
她努力学习是为了通过考试。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶上首班车。
I save money so that I can travel abroad.
我存钱是为了能出国旅行。
3.At the end of the road, I saw Aunt Lily standing in the icy wind waiting for our friends.
【知识点 1 】:at the end of…(在…… 的尽头 / 末尾)
解析:后接表示地点或时间的名词,强调某一具体位置或时间点。
例句句:
At the end of the street, there is a small bookstore.
街道尽头有一家小书店。
【知识点 2】:see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事)
解析:
(1)感官动词(see/watch/hear 等)+ 宾语 + 现在分词(强调动作正在进行)。
(2)对比:see sb. do sth.(看见动作的全过程)。
例句:
I saw her reading a book when I passed by.
我路过时看见她正在读书。
Did you see him leave the room?
你看见他离开房间了吗?(强调离开的整个过程)
【知识点 3】:waiting for…(伴随状语)
解析:
(1)现在分词短语表示伴随动作,与主句动作同时发生。
(2)伴随状语是用来描述主句动作发生时伴随的状态、方式或同时进行的动作,通常由现在分词(-ing 形式)、过去分词(-ed形式)、形容词短语或介词短语等充当,与主句主语存在逻辑上的主动和被动关系。
例句:
She sat by the window, reading a book.
她坐在窗边看书。
Holding an umbrella, he waited for the bus in the rain.
他撑着伞在雨中等公交。
Singing a song, she walked into the room.
她唱着歌走进房间。
Holding an umbrella, he waited for the bus in the rain.
他撑着伞在雨中等公交。
4.Grandpa, my brother, and I were busy preparing lunch in the kitchen.
【知识点 1】 :be busy doing sth.(忙于做某事)
解析:
其他搭配:be busy with sth. 忙于某事
例句:
He is busy doing homework.
他在忙着做作业。
She is busy with her project.
她在忙自己的项目。
【知识点 2】:were preparing(过去进行时)
解析
(1)was/were + 动词 - ing,过去进行时结构;
(2)过去进行时强调在过去某时刻正在进行的动作。
例句句:
She was reading a book at 8 p.m. yesterday.
昨晚 8 点她在看书。
They were playing football when it rained.
下雨时他们正在踢足球。
5.It was enjoyable to decorate our living room last week.
知识点:It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.(做某事是…… 的)
解析:
(1)It 作形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语 “to do sth.”,避免句子头重脚轻,
(2)be 动词根据时态选择形式。
例句:
It is important to study hard.
努力学习很重要。
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