内容正文:
新仁爱八上 Unit 1 My Dream Job 单元知识梳理(背诵+讲解版)
Preparing for the Topic
Listening & Speaking
1. —What’s your dream job? —I want to be an artist. — 你梦想的职业是什么?— 我想成为一名艺术家。 (教材P2 Activity 1 C)
这是一个特殊疑问句,用于询问对方 “梦想的职业是什么”。
构成:特殊疑问词 What(什么)+ 一般疑问句(is your dream job?)。your可根据语境替换为his/her/their 等形容词性物主代词。
e.g. What’s his dream job? 他梦想的职业是什么?
回答:I want to be a/an + 职业名词. 表示 “我想要成为……(职业)”,用于回应对梦想职业的询问。
注:职业名词前用“a”(辅音开头)或 “an”(元音开头)。
拓展:询问职业愿望的其他表达
What do you want to be (when you grow up)? 你(长大后)想成为什么?
回答: I want to be a scientist (when I grow up). 我(长大后)想成为一名科学家。
【及时练习】—What’s Lily’s dream job? —___B___
A. She want to be a teacher. B. She wants to be an artist. C. Her dream job is a farmer.
详解:A答案的主语为she,谓语动词用第三人称单数wants。C答案应改为Her dream job is to be a farmer.
或She wants to be a farmer.
2. What do I do? 我是做什么工作的? (教材P3 Activity 2)
询问职业的核心句型: What do/does + 主语 + do?
助动词 do/does 用于构成一般现在时的疑问句,根据主语人称变化。
实义动词 do 此处意为 “从事(工作)”,是句子的谓语。
回答职业的常用句型:
主语 + be 动词 + a/an + 职业名词.(强调身份)
主语 + work as + a/an + 职业名词.(强调工作角色)
主语 + do + 具体工作内容.(强调工作行为)
询问句型
回答句型(身份)
回答句型(角色)
回答句型(行为)
What do you do?
你是做什么的?
I am a teacher.
我是一名老师。
I work as a teacher.
我担任老师工作。
I teach students English .
我教学生英语。
What does she do?
她是做什么的?
She is a doctor.
她是一名医生。
She works as a doctor.
她是一名医生。
She helps sick people.
她帮助病人。
What do they do?
他们是做什么的?
They are farmers.
他们是农民。
They work as farmers.
他们以农民身份工作。
They grow crops in the field.
他们在田里种庄稼。
拓展: 询问职业的其他表达
·What’s your job? 你的工作是什么?(更简洁的问法, 主语是 job, be 动词用 is)
回答:My job is a nurse. 我的工作是护士。
·What are you? 你是做什么的? (口语中常用,直接询问身份)
回答:I’m an engineer. 我是一名工程师。
What do I do? 的同义表达:What’s ____my___ job? / What ___am____ I?
【及时练习】1) —What ___B___ she do? —She is a doctor.
A. do B. does C. is
2) —What do they do? —___A___
A. They are teachers. B. He is a teacher. C. They want to be teachers.
3. I give directions to them. 我给他们指导。 (教材P3 Activity 2)
双宾语结构:give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 表示 “把某物给某人”。
直接宾语(sth.):指动作直接作用的对象(通常是事物);
间接宾语(sb.):指动作的接收者(通常是人)。
注意:当间接宾语(sb.)是人称代词宾格(如 me/you/him/her/it/us/them)时,常用 “give sth. to sb.” 结构,避免歧义或语序混乱。
e.g. I give it to her.(√,不用 “I give her it.”)当间接宾语(sb.)是名词时,两种结构均可使用:
e.g. She gives her mother a gift. 她给她妈妈一份礼物。
= She ____gives ____ a gift ___to___ her mother.
类似动词还有:pass(递), show(展示), teach(教), send(寄), bring(带来)等。
【及时练习】1) She gives ___C___ to her sister.
A. a cake me B. me a cake C. a cake
2) Please give ___A___. I need it.
A. the ruler to me B. me to the ruler C. the ruler me
4. I work with actors, actresses and other artists. 我和男女演员及其他艺术家们一起工作。
Together with them, I produce films. 我和他们一起制作电影。 (教材P3 Activity 2)
1) together with... 与 work with 的区别
·together with... 介词短语,意为 “与…… 一起;和…… 一同”,强调伴随关系,说明动作发生时的伴随对象。
遵循 “就远原则”:当连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由 together with 前面的主语决定,与后面的伴随对象无关。
e.g. Lucy, together with her parents, is visiting the museum.
露西和她的父母正在参观博物馆。(谓语 “is” 由 “Lucy” 决定)
·work with 动词短语,意为 “与…… 一起工作;和…… 协作”, 在句中作谓语,后接宾语(人或团队)。
e.g. She works with her colleagues on this project. 她和同事们一起做这个项目。
2) produce vt. 制作;生产;创作;产出
e.g. This factory produces cars. 这家工厂生产汽车。
They produce a new movie every year. 他们每年制作一部新电影。
常见搭配: produce + 具体产品:produce food 生产食物 produce clothes 生产衣服
produce + 作品:produce films 制作电影 produce music创作音乐produce paintings 创作画作
拓展:produce的名词形式 production 意为 “生产;制作;作品”。
e.g. Her new production is a great success. 她的新作品非常成功。
【及时练习】判断句子正误(√ / ×),错误的请改正。
Lily together with her sister are good at singing.( × )
(主语为 Lily,单数,谓语动词用 is。)
He works with his brother produce videos.( √ )
(句子的谓语动词为works, 后面用to produce表示目的。)
Function
1. —How are you doing today? —Not bad. —你今天过得怎么样 —还不错。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
How are you doing today 用于日常口语中询问对方当天的状态或近况,是一种亲切、随意的问候方式,比 “How are you?” 更强调 “当天” 的感受。
常见回答: 正面回答:Not bad.(还不错。) Pretty good.(相当好。)
Great!(好极了!)I’m doing well, thanks.(我过得很好,谢谢。)
中性 / 稍负面回答:Just so - so.(一般般。)
Not great, but okay.(不太好,但还行。) A bit busy, but fine.(有点忙,但还好。)
拓展: 同义表达 How are you today? 你今天好吗? How’s it going today? 今天过得怎么样?
What’s up today? 今天有什么事吗?/ 今天怎么样?(更随意,多用于熟人)
【及时练习】—_____B____? —Not bad. I finished my homework early.
A. What’s your name B. How are you doing today C. Where are you going
2. —What happened to your dog, Lingling? —It got sick yesterday. —玲玲,你的狗怎么了?
— 它昨天生病了。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1) happen to ... “某人 / 某物发生了某事”,强调事情意外或偶然发生。
特殊疑问句:What happened to + 人 / 物?(…… 怎么了?)
陈述句:Sth. happened to + 人 / 物.(某人 / 某物发生了某事。)
e.g. —What happened to your bike? —It looks broken. 你的自行车怎么了?看起来坏了。
A car accident happened to his father last week. 他爸爸上周出了车祸。
注意:happen 是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态(不能说 “Somebody was happened...”)。
主语通常是 “something”“what” 等表示事情的词,宾语是 “人 / 物”,即 “事情发生
在人 / 物身上”。
拓展:happen to do sth. 表示 “偶然做某事;碰巧做某事”。
e.g. I happened to meet my old friend in the park. 我碰巧在公园遇到了老朋友。
2)get sick “生病;感到不适”,强调从健康状态转变为生病的状态。
同义表达:be sick, fall ill(fall ill 更强调 “突然生病”)。
e.g. She got sick after eating too much ice cream. 她吃了太多冰淇淋后生病了。
【及时练习】1)—What ___B____ to your cat? It’s not active today. —It got hurt.
A. happen B. happened C. happens
2)翻译句子:我碰巧在书店看到了这本新书。(happen to do sth.)
____I happened to see this new book in the bookstore.____
3) 判断句子正误:He was happened a bad thing yesterday.( × )
(“happen” 无被动语态,应改为:A bad thing happened to him yesterday.)
3. But thanks to the vets, it’s doing better now. 但是多亏了兽医们,它现在好多了。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1) thanks to “多亏;由于;因为”,强调正面的原因或帮助,引出带来好结果的人、物或情况。
后接 名词 / 代词 / 名词短语(不能接句子)。
e.g. Thanks to your help, I finished the task on time. 多亏了你的帮助,我按时完成了任务。
拓展:近义词组:because of,但 “thanks to” 更强调 “感激” 的语气,而 “because of” 仅表示
原因,无情感色彩。
e.g. Because of the traffic jam, I was late for school. 因为交通堵塞,我上学迟到了。
2) do better 表示 “(在状态、表现、进展等方面)变得更好,做得更好”。该短语通常用于描述人、动物或事物在经历某种过程(如治疗、练习、调整等)后,状态或表现得到改善.。
注意:better 是副词 well 的比较级,修饰动词 do,说明 “变好” 的程度。
e.g. The little bird was weak, but it’s doing better now with proper care.
这只小鸟之前很虚弱,但经过细心照料,现在好多了。
If you practice every day, you will do better in playing the piano. 如果你每天练习,钢琴会弹得更好。
拓展: 同义 / 近义表达:
get better(侧重 “身体 / 状态好转”,更口语化)
improve(强调 “改善;提高”,可作动词单独使用)
make progress(侧重 “取得进步”,更正式)
e.g. The plant is getting better after more sunlight. 多晒太阳后,这株植物好多了。
Her English improved a lot this term. 这学期她的英语进步很大。
关联短语:do well “做得好,进展顺利” (原级形式)
e.g. He does well in his new job. 他在新工作中表现不错。
do one’s best “尽某人最大努力”(后可接 to do sth.)
e.g. She did her best to help the injured cat. 她尽全力帮助那只受伤的猫。
【及时练习】1) ___B____ the good weather, we had a great picnic yesterday.
A. Because B. Thanks to C. Though
2) Which sentence uses “do better” correctly?( C )
A. My brother do better in sports than me.
B. The flowers are do better with enough water.
C. You will do better if you listen carefully in class.
(解析:A 选项主语 “my brother” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词应为 “does”,而非 “do”;B 选项 “are do” 语法错误,应为 “are doing”;C 选项语法正确,符合 “do better” 的用法。)
3) 翻译句子:经过医生的治疗,这位老人的身体好多了。
After the doctor’s treatment, the old man is doing better.
4. I’m sure you will be an excellent vet. 我确信你会成为一名优秀的兽医。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1) I'm sure (that) + 从句 “我确信……;我肯定……”,用于表达对某件事的强烈信心或确定的判断,是主从复合句结构。
拓展:be sure 的其他常用搭配
be sure of/about sth. 对某事有把握(后接名词或动名词)。
e.g. She is sure of her success. 她对自己的成功有把握。
be sure to do sth. 肯定会做某事;务必做某事
e.g. You are sure to pass the exam if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,肯定会通过考试。
【及时练习】1)I’m sure ___B____ she will win the game.
A. what B. that C. who
2)判断句子正误:I’m sure to he will help us.( × )
(应改为:I’m sure that he will help us. 或 I’m sure he will help us.)
2) will 情态动词,用于表示对未来的预测、意愿或必然发生的事情,后接动词原形。
肯定句:主语 + will + 动词原形。
否定句:主语 + will not(won’t)+ 动词原形。
疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
拓展: 表将来的其他表达方式
·be going to do sth. 计划、打算做某事, 或根据迹象预测即将发生的事。
e.g. It’s going to rain. 天要下雨了。
·现在进行时表将来 (用于计划好的动作,多为移动性动词, 如 go/come/leave 等)。
e.g. We are leaving tomorrow. 我们明天出发。
3) excellent adj. “优秀的;杰出的;极好的”。强调 “卓越/顶尖”, 用于极高评价。
【及时练习】I’m sure he will arrive on time. (改为否定句)
___I’m sure he won’t arrive on time.____
5. —What are you going to be, Linging? —I am going to be a dancer. — 玲玲,你将来打算成为什么? — 我打算成为一名舞蹈家。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
What are you going to be? 用于询问未来职业规划的特殊疑问句,结构为:
What + be 动词 + 主语 + going to be?
be going to +动词原形be:表示 “打算成为;将要成为”,强调 “计划、打算或有迹象发生的未来”。注意:根据主语人称调整 be 动词形式。
回答:主语 + be 动词 + going to be + 职业名词.
e.g. —What are you going to be, Tom? —I am going to be a pilot.
— 汤姆,你将来打算成为什么? — 我打算成为一名飞行员。
拓展1:同义句型:
What will you be in the future?(用 “will + 动词原形” 表达将来,语气更客观,无 “计划” 含义)
What do you want to be when you grow up? (更口语化,强调 “愿望”,用一般现在时)
e.g. —What do you want to be when you grow up? — 你长大后想做什么?
—I want to be a scientist. — 我想当科学家。
拓展2: 职业名词的单复数与冠词:
职业名词前通常加不定冠词 “a/an”(辅音开头用 a,元音开头用 an)如 a teacher, an engineer。
辨析:be going to 与 will
结构
核心含义
适用场景
例句
be going to
强调 “计划、
打算或迹象”
有明确计划、安排,或能通过迹象判断的未来。
She is going to buy a new bike.
will
强调 “意愿、预测或临时决定”
无计划的临时决定、
客观预测、承诺等。
I will help you with your homework.
【及时练习】1)Which sentence is correct?( A )
A. What are you going to be when you grow up?
B. What you are going to be?
C. What is he going to be a doctor?
2) 她将来打算成为一名歌手,因为她擅长唱歌。(完成译句)
She is ___going_____ to be a ___singer____ because she is good at __singing____.
3) I am going to be a teacher in the future. (对划线部分提问)
_____What___ are you going to ____be____ in the future?
6. Maybe one day you will write a news report about Lingling. 也许有一天你会写一篇关于玲玲的新闻报道。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1)maybe adv. “也许;可能;大概”,用于表示推测或不确定的语气。
注意:与 may be 的区别:maybe 是副词,单独使用;
may be 是 “情态动词 may + 动词原形 be”, 在句中作谓语, 意为 “可能是”。
e.g. Maybe he is at home. 也许他在家。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
拓展:表推测的其他副词 perhaps “也许”,比 “maybe” 更正式。
e.g. Perhaps she will come to the party. 也许她会来参加派对。
probably “很可能”,可能性比 “maybe” 高
e.g. He will probably arrive before 6 pm. 他很可能在下午 6 点前到达。
【及时练习】____B___ we will move to a new city some day.
A. May be B. Maybe C. Probable
2)one day “(将来或过去的)某一天”,具体含义需结合语境判断时态:
·表示将来的某一天:用于一般将来时(will + 动词原形 /be going to + 动词原形),强调 “未来不确定的某一天”,常表达愿望、预测或计划。
e.g. I hope I will travel to Paris one day. 我希望有一天能去巴黎旅行。
·表示过去的某一天:用于一般过去时,强调 “过去某个不确定的日子”,常用于叙述过去发生的事情。
e.g. One day, she met an old friend in the street. 有一天,她在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
拓展:some day 与 one day
用法
some day
one day
时间范围
仅指未来(将来某一天)
可指过去(曾经某一天)或未来(将来某一天)
语境侧重
强调不确定性,常用于愿望、推测
可用于过去的经历或未来的计划,语气更灵活
时态搭配
与一般将来时连用
表示过去时, 与一般过去时连用; 表示未来时, 与一般将来时连用
例句
Some day we will live on Mars.
One day I met an old friend in the street. One day I’ll learn to play the piano.
【及时练习】If you don’t stop working hard, you ____C____ some day.
A. succeed B. succeeded C. will succeed D. have succeeded
Exploring the Topic
Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies
1. Some people train animals to do jobs for people. 一些人训练动物为人类工作。
For example, guide dog teachers train guide dogs to help blind people. 例如,导盲犬训练师训练导盲犬帮助盲人。 (教材P6 Activity 1)
1) do jobs 固定搭配,表示动作性的 “干活、工作”。do 此处为实义动词,意为 “做;从事”;jobs指具体的工作任务或岗位。
拓展:do后可接具体的工作类型,如 do housework 做家务、 do office work 做办公室工作、
do farm work 干农活。
辨析:do a job 与 have a job
do a job 强调 “执行工作的动作”,
e.g. He does a part - time job on weekends. 他周末做兼职工作。
have a job 强调 “拥有工作的状态”,
e.g. She has a good job in a hospital. 她在医院有一份好工作。
2) train 为及物动词,意为 “训练;培养”;to do sth.是不定式短语,作宾语补足语,表示目的。
e.g. The trainer trains dolphins to jump through hoops. 驯兽师训练海豚跳圈。
Schools train students to be polite to others. 学校培养学生对他人有礼貌。
类似结构:动词+ 宾语 + to do sth. 作宾补,如 teach... to do... 教… 做…,ask... to do... 要求…做…,
encourage... to do...鼓励…做…。
否定形式:在不定式前加 not,即 train... not to do... 训练… 不做…。
3) guide dog teachers 这是一个复合名词,由前一个名词(或名词短语guide dog)修饰后一个名词(teachers),前一个名词(短语)用单数形式。
e.g. coffee cups 咖啡杯 apple trees 苹果树
(但man和woman除外,当这两个词修饰名词时, 用作复数时两个名词一起变, 如men teachers 男老师,women doctors 女医生。)
【及时练习】 1)They ___do___ (do) hard jobs in the factory to make money.
2) 翻译句子:音乐老师训练学生弹钢琴。Music teachers train students to play the piano.
3) —Guide dogs are trained ____A____ in company with the blind.
—And for many blind people, having a guide dog is an experience to a new life.
A. to live B. living C. live
2. Some railway workers also work at night because a few trains run during night time. 一些铁路工作人员也需要在夜间工作,因为少数列车会在夜间运行。 (教材P6 Activity 1)
1)also adv. “也;同样”,通常放在 be 动词/助动词/情态动词之后, 实义动词之前。
2)because conj.“因为”,引导原因状语从句,后接句子。
注意:because不能与 so “所以” 同时使用,二者选其一。because引导原因状语从句,而 so 连接并列句,表示结果。
e.g. ❌ Because trains run overnight, so workers work at night.
因为火车夜间运行,所以工人要上班。(中文思维常见错误!需二选一。)
拓展:because of 介词短语,“因为” ,后接名词、代词或动名词。
e.g. He was late _____because of____ the rain. 他迟到是因为下雨。
He was late ___because__ it rained. 他迟到是因为天下雨了。
3)a few 限定词,意为 “一些;几个”,用于修饰可数名词复数, 表肯定。
few “几乎没有”, 修饰可数名词复数, 表否定。
4)run v. “运行;行驶”,过去式: ran。
拓展:run 的其他常见含义:
“跑;奔跑”:He runs fast in the playground. 他在操场跑得快。
“经营;管理”:His father runs a small shop. 他爸爸经营一家小商店。
“流淌”:The river runs through the village. 河流穿过村庄。
5)during prep. “在…… 期间”, 常见搭配:during class 在上课期间
during the day 在白天 during the holiday 在假期期间
同义表达:at night 在夜间,但during night time更强调 “整个夜间期间”,at night 侧重 “夜间的某个时间点”。
【及时练习】
1)Some doctors and nurses work at night __B__ patients need help all the time.
A. so B. because C. because of
2)He missed the train ___B___ the heavy traffic.
A. because B. because of C. so
3)There are ___B___ trains running at night, but not many.
A. few B. a few C. little
4)The subway ___A___ every 10 minutes during rush hour.
A. runs B. run C. ran
5)She studied hard ___A___ the exam and got a good grade.
A. during B. at C. in
3. Modern farmers grow more green food and care more about people’s health. 现代农民种植更多绿色食品,并且更关心人们的健康。 (教材P7 Activity 1)
1)grow v. “种植; 生长; 成长”
e.g. Rice grows well in wet soil. 水稻在湿润的土壤里长得很好。
作系动词:意为 “变得; 逐渐成为”,后接形容词作表语。
e.g. The sky grew dark as the storm came. 暴风雨来临时, 天空渐渐变黑了。
2)care about “关心;在意”,后接宾语(人、物或抽象概念)。
辨析:care about 与 care for
care about 侧重 “关心;在意(态度上的重视)”,宾语可以是人/事/物。
e.g. He cares about his family’s safety. 他关心家人的安全。
care for 侧重 “照顾;照料(具体的行动)” 或 “喜欢(口语中)”。
e.g. She cares for her sick mother every day. 她每天照顾生病的妈妈。
I don’t care for spicy food. 我不喜欢辛辣的食物。
【及时练习】 He doesn’t ___A___ money—he only wants to help others.
A. care about B. care for C. look after
4. They try to protect the environment and make the world a better place. 他们努力保护环境,并使世界成为一个更美好的地方。 (教材P7 Activity 1)
1)try to do sth. “努力做某事;尽力做某事”,侧重 “尽力达成” 的意图。在句中作谓语,后接不定式短语 to protect the environment 作宾语。try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做某事
protect the environment “保护环境”。protect v. → protection n. 保护
environment protection 环境保护
拓展:protect...from... 保护…… 免受…… 的伤害
e.g. We wear masks to protect ourselves from the cold. 我们戴口罩保护自己免受寒冷侵袭。
辨析:try to do sth. 与 try doing sth.
try to do sth.:强调 “努力、尽力做某事”,侧重目的是完成动作。
e.g. She tries to finish her homework before dinner.她努力在晚饭前完成作业。
try doing sth.:强调 “尝试做某事”,侧重通过尝试看是否有效果,不一定追求完成。
e.g. Why not try eating more vegetables? 为什么不试试多吃点蔬菜呢?
2)make sth. + n. “使某物成为……”
结构:使役动词 make + 宾语(sth.)+ 名词(n. 作宾语补足语)。
e.g. Hard work can make dreams a reality. 努力能使梦想成为现实。
拓展:make 的其他常见结构
make sth. + adj. “使某物……”(形容词作宾补,强调状态)
e.g. Exercise makes us strong. 运动使我们强壮。
make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”(省略不定式符号 to 的不定式作宾补)
e.g. The teacher makes us read English every morning. 老师让我们每天早上读英语。
【及时练习】1) We should try ___B_____ English well.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learns
2)My little brother is funny. He often makes me ___B_____.
A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh D. laughs
3)We should try our best ____C____ the environment.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
4)Wearing sunglasses can help protect our eyes ____A___ the sunshine in summer.
A. from B. with C. by D. of
5. We heard the alarm and received a fire call. 我们听到了警报,接到了火警电话。 (教材P7 Activity 2)
1)hear v. “听见;听到”,强调 “听” 的结果。
拓展:hear 的常见结构:
hear + sth. 听见某物 / 某事(强调结果)。
e.g. I heard a loud noise outside. 我听到外面有很大的噪音。
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事(强调动作的全过程或经常性动作,省略不定式符号 to)。
e.g. She often hears her neighbor sing in the morning.她经常早上听到邻居唱歌。
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)。
e.g. I heard him talking on the phone when I passed by. 我路过时听见他正在打电话。
hear of/about 听说(某事 / 某人),表示间接得知信息。
e.g. Have you heard of this new movie? 你听说过这部新电影吗?
hear from “收到…… 的来信 / 消息 / 电话等”
e.g. He often hears from his pen pal. 他经常收到笔友的来信。
对比:listen 侧重 “听的动作或过程”,常与 to 搭配(listen to sth.)。
e.g. Listen! Can you hear the birds singing? 听!你能听到鸟在唱歌吗?
2)receive a call “接到电话” a fire call “火警电话”,是具体宾语。
同义表达:get a call "接到电话"
拓展:receive a letter 收到一封信 receive a gift 收到一份礼物
receive an invitation 收到一份邀请 receive a message 收到一条信息
辨析:receive 与 accept
receive 强调 “客观收到”(不一定接受); accept 强调 “主观接受”(同意接纳)。
e.g. She received a birthday present from him but didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的生日礼物,但没有接受。
Did you receive the email I sent yesterday? 你收到我昨天发的邮件了吗?
【及时练习】1) —Listen! Can you hear someone ____C____ in the next room?
—It must be Lily. I hear her ________ every afternoon.
A. sing; sing B. sing; singing C. singing; sing D. singing; singing
2) I ____B____ his party invitation, but I didn’t ________ it.
A. accepted, accept B. received, accept C. accepted, receive
6. A house was on fire and a child was on the sofa in the bedroom. 一栋房子着火了,一个孩子在卧室的沙发上。 (教材P7 Activity 2)
1)on fire 介词短语 “着火;起火”,在句中通常作表语(放在系动词后)。
类似结构还有:on duty 值班 on sale 打折
e.g. The factory was on fire when the firefighters arrived. 消防员到达时,工厂正在着火。
拓展:与catch fire的区别
on fire 是介词短语,表状态(“处于着火的状态”);
catch fire 是动词短语,表动作(“开始着火;起火”,强调 “着火” 的动作发生)。
e.g. The dry wood caught fire quickly, and soon the whole house was on fire.
干木头很快起火了,不久整栋房子都着火了。
常见搭配:set...on fire “放火烧……”(主动使某物着火)。
e.g. Someone set the old barn on fire last night. 昨晚有人放火烧了旧谷仓。
2)on the sofa in the bedroom “在卧室的沙发上” 这是由两个介词短语构成的地点状语,on the sofa(在沙发上)和 in the bedroom(在卧室里),共同说明 “a child” 所在的位置。
语序特点:多个地点状语连用时,通常遵循 “小地点在前,大地点在后” 的原则,即先说明具体的小位置(on the sofa),再说明所在的大空间(in the bedroom)。
e.g. My little sister likes reading stories on the chair in the living room.
我妹妹喜欢在客厅的椅子上读故事。
There is a lamp on the desk in my study. 我的书房的桌子上有一盏灯。
【及时练习】1)The building is on ____C____ fire. Call ________ police at once.
A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. /; /
【详解】句意:大楼着火了。马上给警察打电话。考查冠词。the那个,表示特指;a一个,表示泛指;/零冠词。on fire意为“着火”;the police“警察”,表示一类,故选C。
2)她在厨房的架子上找到了钥匙。(完成译句)
She found her keys on the shelf in the kitchen.
7. We put on the fireman uniforms, rushed to the house, saved the child and put out the fire. 我们穿上消防服,冲向那座房子,救出了孩子,还扑灭了大火。 (教材P7 Activity 2)
1) put on 动词短语,意为 “穿上;戴上; 上演;增加(体重)”, 强调 “穿戴” 的动作过程。
put on + 衣物/饰品(如衣服、帽子、眼镜等)。
注意:代词作宾语时需放在 put 和 on 之间(put it/them on)。
拓展:put on 与 wear, dress 的区别
词汇
含义
用法重点
例句
put on
穿上;戴上
强调动作, 后接具体衣物
She put on her coat before going out.
她出门前穿上了外套。
wear
穿着;戴着
强调状态, 后接衣物或饰品
He wears glasses every day.
他每天戴眼镜。
dress
给…穿衣;打扮
后接人(dress sb.), 或表状态(dress in + 颜色/材质)
Mom dresses the baby every morning.
妈妈每天早上给宝宝穿衣。
2)rush to + 地点名词(如 the house, the hospital, the station 等)“冲向……;急忙赶往……”。
拓展:rush 的其他搭配:rush hour (上下班时的)高峰期
rush into + 地点:冲进……(如 rush into the room 冲进房间)
rush to do sth.:急忙做某事(如 rush to help 急忙帮忙)
in a rush:匆忙地(介词短语,作状语)
e.g. When the bell rang, students rushed to the classroom. 铃声一响,学生们冲向教室。
The doctor rushed to the hospital to save the patient. 医生急忙赶往医院救病人。
3)put out 动词短语,此处意为 “扑灭;熄灭”,通常用于表示 “扑灭火灾、熄灭灯光 / 火焰” 等。put out + 宾语(如 fire, candle, light 等)
注意:代词作宾语时需放在put 和 out 之间(put it/them out)。
拓展:put out 的其他含义:
出版;发布 (如 The company put out a new book. 公司出版了一本新书。)
伸出(手、胳膊等) (如 She put out her hand to shake mine. 她伸出手和我握手。)
【及时练习】1) Father ____A____ his cap and went out.
A. put on B. puts on C. put out D. will put on
2) —Excuse me, sir. We can’t smoke here.
—Sorry, I ___B__ see the sign. I’ll _____ my cigarette (香烟) at once.
A. don’t; put away B. didn’t; put out C. can’t; put up D. won’t; put off
(put away把……收好;put out熄灭;put up张贴;put off推迟)
3) Don’t rush ____A____ the room. It’s not safe.
A. into B. on C. of D. off
Theme Reading
1. Deng Qingming is a taikonaut with a great dream. 邓清明是一位拥有伟大梦想的中国航天员。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
with prep. “具有;带有”,用来描述人或事物的特征、属性或伴随状态,后接名词短语(a great dream)作宾语,构成介词短语 “with a great dream”,在句中作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 taikonaut”。
拓展:·表示伴随动作或状态(“与…… 一起;随着”), 后接名词或代词。
e.g. She walked to school with her friend. 她和朋友一起步行上学。
·表示工具或手段(“用;凭借”),后接具体工具或方式。
e.g. We write with pens. 我们用钢笔写字。
·表示时间或同时性(“随着……”),常与go on/develop等动词搭配。
e.g. With time going on, we became good friends. 随着时间推移,我们成了好朋友。
·表示 “具有;带有”:
e.g. The girl with long hair is my classmate.那个留着长发的女孩是我的同学。
【及时练习】在老师的帮助下,我犯的语法错误比以前少了。(完成译句)
With the help of my teacher, I made fewer mistakes in grammar than before.
2. In 1998, he joined China’s space team as a young pioneer. 1998年,他作为一名年轻的开拓者加入了中国航天队。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1) join v. “加入;参加”,强调 “成为某个组织、团体或活动的一员”,后接组织、团队、俱乐部等名词(如 team, club, army 等)。
拓展:·join sb.(加入某人,和某人一起做某事)
e.g. Come and join us for dinner. 来和我们一起吃晚饭吧。
·join in + 活动(参与某项活动,侧重中途加入)
e.g. They joined in the discussion happily. 他们开心地加入了讨论。
同义短语:take part in 参加具体活动、会议、比赛等。
e.g. She took part in the school sports meeting. 她参加了学校运动会。
2)as 此处为介词,意为 “作为;当作”,用来表示 “某人的身份、职位或角色”。
【及时练习】Since you have __C__ the tennis club, why not ____ the tennis match?
A. joined; join B. joined in; join in C. joined; join in D. joined in; join
3. From the very first day, he made a promise to himself — to fly into space one day. 从第一天起,他就对自己许下了一个承诺 — 有一天要飞入太空。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)the very first day “正是第一天;从第一天起”。very 此处为形容词,意为 “正是的;恰好的”。
结构:the + very + 序数词 + 名词 (very修饰序数词,强调顺序的 “正是第……”)
e.g. From the very first lesson, I fell in love with English. 从第一节课起,我就爱上了英语。
2)make a promise to “向…… 许下承诺”。to 是介词,后接人,即 “向某人承诺”;
若接承诺的内容,需用不定式 to do sth., make a promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”。
同义表达:promise to do sth.
e.g. She made a promise to her parents ____to finish_____ (finish) homework on time.
她向父母承诺按时完成作业。
2) fly into “飞入;飞进”,强调从外部进入某个空间的动作。
对比:fly to + 地点(飞往某地,强调目的地)
【及时练习】1)翻译句子:他向老师承诺不再迟到。
He made a promise to his teacher not to be late again.
2) —Why are you so happy?
—Because my mother promised ____A____ a computer for me.
A. to buy B. buying C. buys D. buy
4. To prepare for that day, he started a long and hard journey of training with his teammates. 为了为那一天做准备,他和队友们开启了一段漫长而艰苦的训练征程。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)prepare for 动词短语,意为 “为…… 做准备”,后接名词/代词/动名词。
e.g. We are preparing for the exam. 我们在为考试做准备。
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
e.g. She is preparing to give a speech at the meeting next week. 她正在准备下周在会议上发言。
拓展:同义短语:be/get ready for 为…… 做好准备
e.g. They are getting ready for the trip. 他们在为旅行做准备。
2)start v. “开始;启动”,start + 名词/动名词/不定式 “开始某事/做某事”,
如 start a journey(开启旅程)、start working(开始工作)。
常见搭配:start with “以…… 开始”
e.g. The party started with a song. 派对以一首歌开始。
拓展:同义词:begin,但 start 更强调 “动作的突然性或机器的启动”, begin更正式,侧重 “过程的开始”。
3)training 不可数名词,意为 “训练;培训”,由动词 train + -ing 构成。
搭配:a journey of training(训练征程)、receive training(接受培训)
动词形式:train “训练; 培养”,常见结构:train sb. to do sth. “训练某人做某事”。
e.g. She trains athletes to run faster. 她训练运动员跑得更快。
【及时练习】1)We are preparing for the exam. ( B )
A. caring for B. getting ready for C. paying for D. looking for
2)In the football match, they started ___C___ the ball better in the second half.
A. pass B. to passing C. passing D. passed
3)为了比赛,他们开始了一段艰苦的训练旅程,每天都为提升技能做准备。(完成译句)
To prepare for the competition, they started a hard journey of training and prepared for improving their skills every day.
5. They trained, for example, to live in a small space, eat special space food, work under strong lights and go without showers. 例如,他们接受训练以适应狭小空间生活、食用特殊的太空食品、在强光下工作以及不洗澡。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)train to do sth. “接受训练去做某事”
e.g. The athletes train hard to win the competition. 运动员刻苦训练以赢得比赛。
被动形式:be trained to do sth. 被训练去做某事
e.g. Dogs are trained to help blind people. 狗被训练来帮助盲人。
拓展:类似结构的动词短语:learn to do(学习做)、 prepare to do(准备做)、plan to do(计划做)
2)live in + 地点 “居住/生活在某地”
e.g. They live in a beautiful apartment. 他们住在一套漂亮的公寓里。
拓展:类似 “动词 + 介词” 短语:work in 在…… 工作 stay in 待在……
3)without prep. “没有;不借助”,后接名词、代词或动名词。
拓展:与 with(有;伴随)构成反义
e.g. She left with a smile. 她微笑着离开。
→ She left without a word. 她一言不发地离开了。
without doing sth. 表示 “不做某事”
e.g. He went out without saying goodbye. 他没说再见就出去了。
及时练习】 1)The driver stopped the bus without ____B____ twice.
A. think B. thinking C. to think D. thought
2)翻译句子:他没带伞就出门了。
_____He went out without an umbrella. / He went out without taking an umbrella._____
3)My grandparents ____live in___(居住在)a small town in the countryside.
6. They knew that they must always be ready, both in mind and body, for flying and working in space. 他们知道,他们必须在身心两方面时刻做好准备,以应对太空飞行和太空工作。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1) be ready for + 名词/代词/动名词:为…做好准备(强调准备的对象)。
be ready to do sth:准备好做某事(强调准备的动作)。
e.g. The team is ready for the match tomorrow. 球队已为明天的比赛做好准备。
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
拓展:be ready “准备好;处于就绪状态”;get ready for:开始为…… 做准备(强调 “变得准备好” 的过程)。
2)both in mind and body “在身心两方面” (插入语)
拓展:both... and 可连接名词/形容词/动词/介词短语等,当连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. Both teachers and students __like__ the activity. 老师和学生都喜欢这项活动。
3)in space 介词短语,意为 “在太空中”。in space 不加定冠词 the 是因为当 space 表示泛指的外层太空时,作为不可数名词且无需特指,属于固定搭配的零冠词用法,
而 in the space 则特指某个具体空间。
e.g. Astronauts live and work in space. 宇航员在太空中生活和工作。
We placed a lamp in the space between the bookshelves. 我们在书架间的空隙放了盏灯。
【及时练习】1) I want to be __A___ astronaut and walk in _____ space some day
A. an; / B. an; the C. the; the D. the; an
2) You can ask anyone for help. Everyone ____B____ help you.
A. are ready for B. is ready to C. is ready for D. are ready to
3)Scientists are studying how to grow plants ___in space__(在太空中).
7. For nearly 25 years, Deng had no chance to fly into space. 近 25 年来,邓(清明)一直没有机会飞入太空。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)nearly adv. “几乎;差不多;将近”,通常用于修饰数词、副词、形容词或动词,它在句中的位置一般位于所修饰的词前。
辨析:nearly 与 almost 两者都表示 “几乎”,多数情况下可互换。
但 nearly 前可加 very/pretty/not 等词,而 almost 不可;
almost 可与any/no/none 等否定词连用,nearly则较少这样用。
e.g. Nearly/Almost all students passed the exam.几乎所有学生都通过了考试
It’s nearly 10 o’clock. We should go to bed. 快 10 点了, 我们该睡觉了。
3) have the/a chance to do sth. “有机会做某事”
其否定形式为 have no chance to do sth. “没有机会做某事”。
拓展:get a chance to do sth. 得到做某事的机会
give sb. a chance to do sth. 给某人做某事的机会。
by chance 偶然;碰巧
e.g. I met her by chance in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上偶然遇见了她。
Everyone should have a chance to follow their dreams. 每个人都应该有机会追逐自己的梦想。
【及时练习】1) It took them nearly 200 years to complete the building of this tower. ( C )
A. Probably B. Hardly C. Almost D. Possibly.
2)这个项目花了将近三个月才完成。(完成译句)
The project took ___nearly__ three months to complete.
3)我没有机会和我的朋友分享开心。 (完成译句)
I have no chance ___to___ __share___ my happiness with my friends.
8. He kept training and always believed in his dream. 他坚持训练,并且始终坚信自己的梦想。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)keep doing sth. “持续不断地做某事 / 坚持做某事”,强调动作的持续性、重复性,不表示动作的一次性完成。
e.g. She keeps __working__ late every night. 她每天晚上都加班到很晚。
He keeps asking the same question. 他反复问同一个问题。
He keeps practicing the piano every day. 他每天坚持练习钢琴。
拓展: 否定形式:keep from doing sth. “避免做某事;阻止做某事”。
e.g. She kept from laughing at his funny expression. 她忍住没对他滑稽的表情笑出来。
2)believe in “相信; 信任”,后接名词/代词/动名词。
辨析: believe “相信(某事/某人的话是真的)”, 是及物动词, 后直接接宾语;
believe in “信仰、信任(某人/事物的存在或价值)”, 是不及物动词, 后接宗教、理论、人、原则等。
e.g. I will always believe in my family. 我永远相信我的家人。
She believes that hard work will lead to success eventually. 她相信努力工作最终会带来成功。
【及时练习】1) I ___believe (that)__ he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
2) I ___believe in__ him. 我信任他。
9. Finally, his hard work paid off. 最终,他的努力付出得到了回报。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)finally adv. “最终;终于;最后”,通常放在句首、句中或句尾。
拓展: 同义词组:at last 最终、in the end 最后。
e.g. At last, we arrived at the destination. 我们终于到达了目的地。
In the end, he decided to accept the job. 最后,他决定接受这份工作。
注意:finally 还可表示 “列举中的最后一项”,意为 “最后;此外”。
e.g. Finally, don’t forget to lock the door. 最后,别忘了锁门。
2)hard work 是名词短语,hard 此处为形容词,意为 “艰苦的;努力的”,修饰不可数名词 work “工作;付出”,表示 “辛勤的努力;艰苦的工作”。
拓展:·work hard 动词短语,“努力工作 / 学习”
e.g. He works hard every day. 他每天努力工作。
·hard-working 形容词,“勤奋的;努力的”,修饰人。
e.g. She is a hard-working student. 她是个勤奋的学生。
对比:hard work (名词短语, 作主语/宾语) 与 work hard (动词短语, 作谓语)
e.g. Hard work brings success. 辛勤的努力带来成功。(作主语)
We need to work hard for our dreams. 我们需要为梦想努力。(作谓语)
3)pay off 动词短语, “得到回报;取得成功”, 为不及物动词短语, 不接宾语。
e.g. All their efforts paid off. 他们所有的努力都有了回报。
pay off的其他含义:“还清债务”,此时可接宾语(债务名词)
e.g. He paid off all his loans. 他还清了所有贷款。
拓展:同义短语:work out 成功;有好结果
e.g. Everything worked out well in the end. 最后一切都很顺利。
【及时练习】1) All your efforts ____D___ if you try your best to achieve your goal.
A. pay off B. paid off C. is paying off D. will pay off
2) 勤奋的学生通过努力学习取得好成绩。(完成译句)
Hard-working students get good grades through hard work.
10. Deng succeeded by holding on to his dream and working hard for it. 邓清明通过坚守梦想并为之努力奋斗而成功。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)succeed 不及物动词, “成功;达成目标”,不直接接宾语。
e.g. Many people succeed by never giving up. 许多人因永不放弃而成功。若需表达 “在某方面成功” 或 “成功做某事”,需搭配介词 in:
succeed in (doing) sth. “在某方面成功” /“成功做某事”
e.g. He succeeded in passing the exam after months of study. 经过数月的学习,他成功通过了考试。
拓展:·名词形式 success “成功;成功的人/事” 。作不可数名词表示 “成功”这一抽象概念,作可数名词表示 “成功的人或事”。
e.g. Hard work leads to success. 努力通向成功。(不可数)
The project was a great success. 这个项目非常成功。(可数)
·形容词形式 successful “成功的”,搭配: be successful in (doing) sth.。
e.g. She is successful in her career. 她在事业上很成功。
2)hold on to 动词短语, “坚守;坚持;紧紧抓住”,后接名词/代词。
e.g. She held on to her dream of becoming a doctor and finally made it. 她坚守当医生的梦想, 最终实现了。
Hold on to your bag in the crowd. 在人群中抓紧你的包。
拓展:同义短语:stick to “坚持”,侧重 “不改变立场、计划等”
e.g. He sticks to his promise. 他坚守承诺。
keep to “遵守;坚持”,侧重 “遵循规则或计划”
e.g. Keep to your study plan every day. 每天遵守你的学习计划。
注意:hold on 单独使用时意为 “等一下;别挂电话 ”
e.g. Hold on, I’ll call him. 等一下,我去叫他。
【及时练习】1) 用 “succeed”“success” 或 “successful” 填空:
Her __success__ came from hard work, and she ___succeeded____ in becoming a ___successful___ scientist.
2) 通过坚守梦想并努力工作,他成功实现了人生目标。(完成译句)
He succeeded in achieving his life goals by holding on to his dream and working hard.
11. He sets an excellent example to us all. 他为我们所有人树立了一个优秀的榜样。(教材P8 Activity 2)
set an example to “为…… 树立榜样”
拓展:同义表达:set an example for “为…… 树立榜样”
e.g. Teachers set a good example for students. 老师为学生树立好榜样。
反义短语:set a bad example to 为…… 树立坏榜样
e.g. Littering in public sets a bad example to others. 在公共场合乱扔垃圾给别人树立了坏榜样。
相关表达:follow one’s example 以某人为榜样;效仿某人。
e.g. We should follow his example and work hard. 我们应该以他为榜样,努力工作。
【及时练习】我们的老师总是努力工作,为我们树立了好榜样。(完成译句)
Our teacher always works hard and ___sets an excellent example to/sets a good example to___ us.
12. His story teaches us that our dreams will one day come true as long as we keep going. 他的故事告诉我们,只要我们坚持下去,我们的梦想终有一天会实现。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)teach 及物动词, “教;讲授;告诉;启示”。
常见结构:·teach sb. sth. 教某人某事
e.g. She teaches us English. 她教我们英语。
· teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
e.g. My dad taught me to ride a bike. 爸爸教我骑自行车。
·teach + 人 + that 从句 告诉某人某个道理
e.g. Life teaches us that hard work matters. 生活告诉我们努力很重要。
拓展:名词形式 teacher “教师”,指 “从事教学工作的人”。
e.g. Her mother is a math teacher. 她妈妈是一名数学老师。
短语:teach oneself “自学”
e.g. He taught himself to play the guitar. 他自学弹吉他。
2)come true 不及物动词短语, “实现;成为现实”,主语通常是 “梦想、愿望、目标” 等抽象名词,不能用于被动语态。
e.g. If you work hard, your dream will come true. 如果你努力,梦想就会实现。
拓展:同义表达:realize one’s dream 实现梦想,但 realize 是及物动词,主语通常是人。
e.g. She finally realized her dream of becoming a singer. 她最终实现了当歌手的梦想。
对比:梦想作主语:Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。
人作主语:She realized her dream. 她实现了梦想。
3)as long as “只要;如果”,引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时(即遵循“主将从现”原则)或情态动词。
结构:主句(主句用一般将来时/情态动词/祈使句) + as long as + 条件从句(从句用一般现在时)。
e.g. You can succeed as long as you keep trying. 只要你坚持尝试,就能成功。
As long as you study hard, you’ll pass the exam. 只要你努力学习,就会通过考试。
注意:as long as 还可表示 “长达…… 时间”,后接时间段。
e.g. We stayed in Beijing as long as two weeks. 我们在北京待了长达两周。
【及时练习】1) —Hi, Zhang Peng. I hear that your pen pal Peter likes singing very much.
—Yes. I am going to teach ____C____ the Chinese song “Jasmine Flower”.
A. Our B. his C. him
2) ____A__ we keep on trying, our dreams will come true one day.
A. As long as B. Even if C. In order that D. So that
3) 老师告诉我们,只要坚持努力,我们的梦想终会实现。(完成译句)
Teachers teach us that our dreams will come true as long as we keep working hard.
Grammar in Use
1. Ziwen began to learn dancing at the age of 5. Her dream job is a dancer. 子雯 5 岁开始学习跳舞。她的梦想职业是舞蹈家。(教材P10 Activity 2)
1)began to 开始做某事 begin(原形)→ began(过去式)
辨析:begin to do sth. 与 begin doing sth.
begin to do sth. 强调动作的“开始”本身, 常用于一次性、具体动作或心理状态变化(如 understand, realize)
begin doing sth. 更强调动作的 “持续进行”或“习惯性”,暗示动作开始后会延续(如长期活动或习惯)。
(两者多数情况下可互换,但 begin to do 更强调动作的 “开始”)。
e.g. She began to study English when she was 6. 她 6 岁开始学英语。
They began playing football after school. 他们放学后开始踢足球。
延伸对比:start to do/doing 与 begin 类似,多数情况可互换,但:
start to do 更强调计划性动作的开始(e.g. She started to write a book.);
start doing 更侧重动作的即时性(e.g. He started running immediately.)。
2)at the age of 在…… 岁时
at the age of + 数字 (数字后不加 “years old”, 本身已包含 “年龄” 含义)。
同义表达:when + 主语 + was/were + 数字 + years old
拓展:位置灵活:可放在句首或句末,句首时需用逗号隔开。
e.g. At the age of 5, Lily began to play the piano. 莉莉 5 岁开始弹钢琴。
She learned to ride a bike at the age of 7. 她 7 岁学会了骑自行车。
简化表达:可直接用 “at + 基数词”
e.g. He started school at 6. 他 6 岁开始上学。
【及时练习】1) 玛丽五岁时开始弹钢琴。(完成译句)
Mary began ___to play/playing___ the piano __at the age__ of five.
2) He started to swim at the age of five. (改为同义句)
He started to swim __when___ he __was__ five.
2. Jim likes watching movies and he dreams of becoming a director one day. 吉姆喜欢看电影,他梦想有一天成为一名导演。 (教材P10 Activity 2)
看电影:watch a movie/movies see a movie/movies see/watch a film
dream of “梦想……” 固定短语,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing)。
时态变化:dream(原形)→ dreamed/dreamt(过去式 / 过去分词)
短语:dream about(含义相近,可互换,但 “dream of” 更强调 “具体的目标或愿望”,
“dream about” 可指 “模糊的梦境或想象”)。
e.g. She dreamed of traveling around the world when she was young. 她年轻时梦想环游世界。
They dream of a happy life in the future. 他们梦想未来有幸福的生活。
【及时练习】1) Jimmy dreams of ___A____ on the school basketball team.
A. playing B. play C. to play D. played
2) 他梦想成为一名科学家。(完成译句)
He ___dreams of becoming a scientist__.
3. I also hope to help people with their illnesses, so I would be very happy to be a doctor in the future. 我也希望能帮助人们治疗疾病,所以将来成为一名医生会让我非常开心。 (教材P10 Activity 3)
1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 否定形式:hope not to do sth.希望不做某事
hope to + 动词原形(不能用 “hope sb. to do sth.”,这是常见错误! 若表达 “希望某人做某事”,需用宾语从句:hope (that) sb. will do sth.)。
e.g. I hope (that) you will pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。
They hoped to finish the project on time. 他们希望按时完成项目。
【及时练习】—Your cousin hopes you ____B____ to her fashion show tomorrow.
—All right!
A. to come B. will come C. is going to come D. comes
2)help sb. with sth. “在某方面帮助某人”,sth.可以是名词/动名词。
同义结构:help sb. (to) do sth. “帮助某人做某事”,to 可省略。
e.g. She helps me with my homework. = She helps me __(to) do___ my homework. 她辅导我做作业。
拓展:help oneself to sth. “请自便” (用于招待客人)。
e.g. Help yourself to some fruit. 请随便吃点水果。
help out 帮忙解决困难
e.g. He often helps out in the community. 他经常在社区帮忙。
【及时练习】用 “help...with...” 或 “help...(to) do...” 填空:
1)Tom often __helps__ his sister __with___ her English.
2)Mom __helps___ me __(to)___ clean the room every weekend.
3)illness n.“疾病;病”,指身体或精神上的疾病,是可数名词(复数:illnesses)。
常见搭配:have an illness 患病
拓展:ill adj.“生病的”,只能作表语(不能作定语)。
e.g. He is ill. 他生病了。(如不能说 an ill boy,但可用 a sick boy)
4)would be “会成为 / 会是” would 是 will 的过去式,此处用于将来时态的委婉表达或对未来的假设,语气比 will be 更委婉、不确定。
拓展:would 还可表示 “过去常常做某事”
e.g. He would walk to school when he was young. 他小时候常常步行上学。
5)be happy to do sth. 乐意做某事
同义表达:be glad to do sth. / be pleased to do sth.
e.g. She was happy to receive the gift. 收到礼物她很开心。
【及时练习】She missed school because of her __illness___. 她因病缺课了。
4. He is interested in mountains, rivers, forests on Earth, as well as stars in space. 他对地球上的山脉、河流、森林以及太空中的星星都很感兴趣。 (教材P10 Activity 3)
1)be interested in (doing) sth. “对(做)某事感兴趣” 强调人的主观感受。
e.g. I am interested in playing basketball. 我对打篮球感兴趣。
He is interested in history. 他对历史感兴趣。
2)在地球上: on Earth/on the earth(大写时不用定冠词the)
拓展:注意大小写和含义的区别
表示 “在地球上”:on Earth(Earth 大写,强调地球本身);
表示 “到底; 究竟”:on earth(earth 小写,用于口语中加强疑问语气)。
e.g. Many kinds of plants grow on Earth. 地球上生长着许多种植物。
Where on earth did you find this old photo? 你究竟在哪里找到这张旧照片的?
3)as well as “也,还,以及”,用于连接两个或多个并列的成分(名词、代词、动词等),强调前者,相当于 “and”, 但语气更弱。
e.g. He likes math as well as physics. 他喜欢数学,也喜欢物理。
She is good at singing as well as dancing. 她擅长唱歌,也擅长跳舞。
语法特点:连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致(即 “就远原则”)。
e.g. Tom as well as his parents is going to the zoo. 汤姆和他的父母要去动物园。
拓展: 与 and 的区别
and 连接并列成分时无侧重,谓语动词用复数(连接两个主语时);
as well as 侧重前者,谓语动词随前者变化。
同义短语: along with;together with 用法与 as well as 一致。
e.g. She, along with her sister, likes dancing. 她和她姐姐都喜欢跳舞。
【及时练习】1) 根据提示完成句子:
My brother __is interested in playing basketball___ (对打篮球感兴趣).
2) 用 “as well as” 合并句子或填空:
She likes reading. She likes writing too. __She likes reading as well as writing.____
My father, _as well as_ my mother, __likes___ (like) cooking.
5. He is very curious about the secrets of nature. 他对大自然的奥秘感到非常好奇。 (教材P10 Activity 3)
be curious about “对···感到好奇”
e.g. It is good to be curious about the world around you. 你对周围的世界感到好奇,这是件好事。
They are curious about the school life in China and other countries.
他们对中国和其他国家的学校生活感到好奇。
【及时练习】每个人都好奇那个模特为何缺席昨天的电视节目。(完成译句)
Everyone __is curious about___ why the model was absent from the TV show yesterday.
6. Her friends and family are very proud of her. 她的朋友和家人都为她感到非常骄傲。(教材P11 Activity 3)
be proud of “为...感到骄傲/自豪”,后接名词/代词 /动名词。
proud adj.“骄傲的;自豪的” ,of 是介词 。
e.g. I am proud of my country. 我为我的国家感到骄傲 。
They were proud of winning the game. 他们为赢得比赛感到自豪 。
拓展:同义短语:take pride in ,pride n.“骄傲;自豪”。
e.g. She takes pride in her son. 她为她的儿子感到骄傲 。
= She ___is proud of__ her son.
反义短语:be ashamed of “为…… 感到羞愧;对…… 感到难为情”
e.g. He is ashamed of his bad behavior.他为自己的不良行为感到羞愧 。
【及时练习】(2024四川中考真题) —Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space
on April 25th, 2024. —We Chinese____D___ it.
A. run out of B. take care of C. are afraid of D. are proud of
7. They think Zihan’s book will be a big success. 他们认为子涵的书会大获成功。(教材P11 Activity 3)
success “成功;成功的人/事” 。作不可数名词表示 “成功”这一抽象概念,作可数名词表示 “成功的人或事”。
e.g. Hard work leads to success. 努力通向成功。(不可数)
The new movie is a great success. 这部新电影大获成功 。(可数)
拓展:类似的抽象名词还有 failure “失败;失败的人/事” surprise“惊讶;令人惊讶的人/事”
pleasure “愉快;令人愉快的事” 。
e.g. It was a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
My parents will give me a surprise on my birthday. 我的父母会在我生日那天给我一个惊喜。
success 的动词形式:succeed , 常用搭配 succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事 ;
形容词形式:successful, 常用搭配 be successful in (doing) sth. 在…方面成功
e.g. He succeeded in passing the exam. 他成功通过了考试 。
= He __was successful__ in passing the exam.
【及时练习】She hopes to __succeed__ (success) in her career.
Developing the Topic
Oral Communication & Reading for Writing
1. She’ll learn how to take care of them and try to be their best friend. 她会学习如何照顾它们,并努力成为它们最好的朋友。(教材P12 Activity 1 B)
1)how to do “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构,在句中可作宾语、主语、表语等,此处作动词 learn 的宾语,表达 “做某事的方法”。
结构特点:疑问词(how/what/when/where/which 等)+ 不定式,整体相当于名词性短语,在句中起名词作用,可替换宾语从句。
e.g. She’ll learn how she should take care of them.
可简化为: She’ll learn how to take care of them.
拓展:what to do 做什么 when to start 何时开始 where to go 去哪里 which one to choose 选哪一个
e.g. He doesn’t know how to solve the problem. 他不知道如何解决这个问题。
Can you tell me what to buy for the party? 你能告诉我派对要买什么吗?
【及时练习】She wants to know how she can improve her English. (简化句子)
She wants to know ___how to improve___ her English.
2)take care of “照顾;照料;负责”,相当于 look after。
拓展:take good care of 好好照顾 care for 关心;喜欢
e.g. My mother stays at home to take care of my little sister. 我妈妈在家照顾我的小妹妹。
3)try to do sth. “努力做某事;试图做某事”,强调付出努力去完成动作。
易混淆结构:try doing sth. “尝试做某事(试验一种方法)”。
e.g. He tried to open the door with the key. 他努力用钥匙开门。
He tried opening the door with a card. 他尝试用卡片开门。
拓展:try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 try again 再试一次
【及时练习】1) When mother is busy, I help take care of my little sister. (改为同义句)
When mother is busy, I help __look___ __after____ my little sister.
2)他们尽全力按时完成了工作。(完成译句)
They __tried their best to___ finish the work on time.
2. He wants to help sick people and he will go to a medical school to achieve his dream. 他想帮助生病的人, 并且他会去医学院实现自己的梦想。(教材P12 Activity 1 B)
1)medical adj. “医学的;医疗的;内科的”
词源:由名词 medicine “医学; 药物” 加后缀 -al 构成形容词,(类似的词还有:nation→national culture→cultural 等)。
拓展:medical school 医学院 medical care 医疗护理 medical team 医疗队
e.g. My uncle works in a medical center. 我叔叔在一家医疗中心工作。
2)achieve one's dream “实现某人的梦想”, 可与 realize one's dream 或make one's dream come true 结构互换。
e.g. With hard work, you will achieve/realize your dream one day. 通过努力,你终有一天会实现你的梦想。
= With hard work, you will ____make your dream come true____ one day.
【及时练习】If you keep working hard, you ____C____ your dream one day.
A. achieve B. achieved C. will achieve D. have achieved
3. I liked it a lot and became interested in planses. 我非常喜欢它,并且开始对飞机产生了兴趣。(教材P13 Activity 2)
1)a lot 副词短语,意为 “非常;很;大量地”,主要用于修饰动词。
注意:a lot of / lots of 形容词短语,后接名词(可数或不可数), 表示 “许多”。
e.g. He has a lot of/lots of books. 他有很多书。
拓展: 同义表达:very much
e.g. I like it very much. = I like it _a lot__.
She loves her dog a lot. 她非常爱她的狗。(修饰动词 loves)
2)become interested in “开始对…… 感兴趣”,become是系动词,意为 “变得;成为”。
对比:be interested in 强调 “处于感兴趣的状态”, 而 become interested in强调 “转变为感兴趣的状态”
(强调变化过程)。
同义短语:get interested in “开始对…… 产生兴趣”
e.g. He __became/got__ interested in painting after watching an art show.
看了艺术展后,他开始对绘画感兴趣。
4. Now my dream is to design great planes for our country. 现在我的梦想是为我们的国家设计优秀的飞机。 (教材P13 Activity 2)
to do sth. 作表语, 不定式作表语时,通常表示具体的动作、将来的计划、目的或未完成的动作,常与表示 “愿望、梦想、目标、计划” 等的主语搭配(如 dream, goal, plan, wish 等)。
e.g. My goal is to learn English well this year. 我的目标是今年学好英语。
拓展:doing sth. 作表语,动名词作表语时,通常表示抽象的、习惯性的动作,或主语的本质内容、性质,常与表示 “爱好、职业、活动” 等的主语搭配(如 hobby, job, activity, fun 等)。
e.g. His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。
design... for... “为....设计”
e.g. They designed a poster for the campaign. 他们为这次运动设计了一张海报。
【及时练习】用括号内所给词的适当形式(to do 或 doing)填空。
1) My dream is ___to be___ (be) a scientist in the future.
2) Her favorite activity is __reading__ (read) novels in the evening.
3) The plan for this weekend is __to visit__ (visit) the science museum.
4) His job is ___repairing___ (repair) cars for people.
【答案与解析】 1) to be 理由:主语是 “dream(梦想)”,表将来的具体计划,用不定式 to do 作表语,强调 “未来要成为科学家” 这一未完成的动作。
2) reading 理由:主语是 “activity(活动)”,表习惯性的爱好,用动名词 doing 作表语,强调 “晚上读小说” 这一经常性的抽象行为。
3) to visit 理由:主语是 “plan(计划)”,表周末的具体安排,用不定式 to do 作表语,强调 “将要去参观科技馆” 这一将来的动作。
4) repairing理由:主语是 “job(工作)”,表职业的本质内容,用动名词 doing 作表语,强调 “为人们修车” 这一经常性的抽象工作内容。
5. I know it is not easy to become a plane engineer, and I will meet a lot of challenges.我知道成为一名飞机工程师并不容易, 而且我会遇到很多挑战。(教材P13 Activity 2)
1)it's (not) + adj. + to do sth. 表示 “做某事(不)是…… 的”,其中 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to do sth.。
作用:避免句子头重脚轻 (当不定式短语较长时,用 it 代替其位置,使句子更平衡)。
e.g. It is easy to finish the homework in an hour. 一小时内完成作业很容易。
拓展: 同义结构转换:不定式短语作真正主语时,可将其置于句首。
e.g. To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。
= ___It is important to learn___ English well.
2)meet challenges “遇到挑战;面临挑战”
常见搭配:face challenges 面临挑战 overcome challenges 克服挑战
e.g. Everyone will meet challenges in their life.每个人在生活中都会遇到挑战。
6. However, I will try my best to make my dream come true. 然而,我会尽我最大的努力让我的梦想成真。(教材P13 Activity 2)
1)however adv.“然而;可是;不过”,表示转折关系,通常放在句首、句中或句末,前后常用逗号隔开(不能直接连接两个句子)。
拓展:与 but 的区别:
however 是副词,转折语气较弱,位置灵活,前后需用逗号;
but 是连词,转折语气较强,直接连接两个句子,前面不用逗号。
e.g. I am tired, but I will keep working. 我虽然很累,但我会继续工作。
She is busy. However, she still helps me with my homework. 她很忙。然而,她仍然帮我辅导作业。
2)try/do one's best to do sth. “尽某人最大的努力做某事”
3)make ... come true “使…… 实现;让…… 成真”,come true 是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态。
拓展:realize/achieve one's dream = make one's dream come true 实现某人的梦想
e.g. He made his dream come true. = He realized/achieved his dream. 他实现了自己的梦想。
Wrapping Up the Topic
Project & Review
1. Soon after, I found a new job at a bookstore. 不久以后,我在书店找到了一份新工作。(教材P17 Activity 4)
soon after “稍后,不久以后”
e.g. Soon after, he sent me a book about Chinese culture. 不久以后,他给我寄了一本关于中国文化的书。
拓展:soon after 和 as soon as 都有 “一…… 就;不久之后” 的含义。
【及时练习】I will write to you soon after I finish my homework. (改为同义句)
I will write to you ___as soon as___ I finish my homework.
2. With shelves of books all around me, I really enjoyed my work. 周围都是摆满了书籍的书架,我真的很喜欢我的工作。(教材P17 Activity 4)
with shelves of books all around me 是 with 的复合结构,在句子中作状语,表示伴随。
with 的复合结构:with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。其中宾语通常是名词或代词,宾语补足语通常是 doing、to do、done、介词短语、形容词或副词。该结构常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
e.g. I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
With a lot of work to do, he can’t go out. 他有很多工作要做,不能外出。
He walked in the classroom with a book in his hand. 他走进教室,手里拿着一本书。
【及时练习】1)通过努力,他的梦想变成了现实。(完成译句)
___With hard work__, his dream has turned into a reality.
2)北京作为有着悠久历史的中国的首都而闻名。
Beijing is famous for the capital of China with a long history.
单元语法
Suffix 后缀
1、 概念:后缀(suffixes)是加在词根或单词末尾的字母组合,能改变单词的词性或意义。其中,-er, -or, -ian,
-ist 是构成 “职业名词” 的常见后缀,用来表示 “从事某种职业或活动的人”。
二、常见职业后缀分类及用法
1. 后缀 -er:最常见的职业后缀
基本用法:加在动词后,构成 “从事该动作的人”,强调 “通过动作或技能谋生的人”。也可加在名词后,表示 “与该事物相关的人”。适用范围最广,尤其用于一般性、日常性或传统职业。
词根 / 动词
加后缀 -er
含义
teach (教)
teacher
教师(从事 “教” 的人)
work (工作)
worker
工人(从事 “工作” 的人)
farm (务农/农场)
farmer
农民(与 “农场” 相关的人)
play (玩耍/运动)
player
运动员 / 玩家(从事 “运动或游戏” 的人)
drive (驾驶)
driver
司机(从事 “驾驶” 的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数情况下读 /ə(r)/ (如 teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/,farmer /ˈfɑːmə(r)/)。
·是最基础、最常用的职业后缀,初中生接触的职业词汇中约 60% 用 -er。
2. 后缀 -or:与 “专业或特定领域” 相关的职业
基本用法:加在动词后,构成 “从事该专业领域工作的人”,语气比 -er 更正式,常与 “管理、技术、艺术” 等领域相关。部分词根因历史或拼写习惯,固定搭配 -or 而非 -er。
词根 / 动词
加后缀 -or
含义
act (表演)
actor
演员(从事 “表演” 艺术的人)
direct (指导)
director
导演 / 主任(从事 “指导” 工作的人)
govern (统治/管理)
governor
州长 / 管理者(从事 “管理” 的人)
invent (发明)
inventor
发明家(从事 “发明” 的人)
visit (参观)
visitor
参观者(从事 “参观” 行为的人)
operate (操作)
operator
操作员(从事 “操作” 技术的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数读 /ə(r)/ (如 actor /ˈæktə(r)/,director /dəˈrektə(r)/)。
·与 -er 的区别:-or 更强调 “专业性” 或 “特定领域”,而非单纯的动作执行者(如 actor 是 “专业演员”,而非随便表演的人)。
3. 后缀 -ian:与 “学科、场所或身份” 相关的职业
基本用法:加在名词后,表示 “精通某学科、在某场所工作或具有某身份的人”,其与 “学术、艺术、场所” 相关。部分词根需先变化拼写(如将 -y 改为 -i 再加 -an)。
词根 / 名词
加后缀 -ian
含义
music(音乐)
musician
音乐家(精通 “音乐” 的人)
library(图书馆)
librarian
图书管理员(在 “图书馆” 工作的人)
politics(政治)
politician
政治家(从事 “政治” 领域的人)
mathematics
/math(数学)
mathematician
数学家(精通 “数学” 的人)
history(历史)
historian
历史学家(研究 “历史” 的人)
Italy(意大利)
Italian
意大利人(具有 “意大利” 身份的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数读 /iən/(如 musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/,librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/)。
·强调 “领域专业性”,尤其适合 “学者、艺术家、场所管理员” 等职业。
4. 后缀 -ist:与 “技能、信仰或学科” 相关的职业
基本用法:加在名词或形容词后,表示 “精通某技能、信仰某理念或研究某学科的人”,常与 “艺术、科学、技能” 相关。含义更具体,强调 “专业技能或信仰”。
词根 / 名词
加后缀 -ist
含义
art(艺术)
artist
艺术家(精通 “艺术” 的人)
piano(钢琴)
pianist
钢琴家(精通 “钢琴” 技能的人)
science(科学)
scientist
科学家(研究 “科学” 的人)
typist(打字)
typist
打字员(从事 “打字” 技能的人)
拉丁语dent (牙齿)
dentist
牙医(研究 “牙齿” 的医生)
optimist(乐观)
optimist
乐观主义者(信仰 “乐观” 理念的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数读 /ɪst/(如 artist /ˈɑːtɪst/,pianist /ˈpiːənɪst/)。
·与 -ian 的区别:-ist 更强调 “技能操作”(如 pianist 是 “弹钢琴的人”),而 -ian 更强调 “领域研究”(如 musician 是 “研究音乐的人”)。
三、总结:如何区分这四个后缀?
后缀
核心含义
适用场景
典型职业
-er
动作执行者
日常 / 传统职业(通过动作谋生)
teacher, farmer, worker
-or
专业领域从业者
管理 / 技术 / 艺术领域(正式职业)
actor, director, operator
-ian
学科 / 场所相关者
学术 / 艺术 / 场所管理(领域精通者)
musician, librarian, politician
-ist
技能 / 信仰相关者
技能操作 / 学科研究(技能专精者)
artist, pianist, scientist
四、易错点与特殊案例
1. 拼写变化:
重读闭音节:双写末尾辅音
e.g. run → runner swim→swimmer
辅音字母+y结尾:y→i +后缀
e.g. study → studier(❌ 错误,应为student)
2. 文化差异:
中文"家"可能对应不同后缀:
e.g. 科学家→scientist(-ist) 数学家→mathematician(-ian)
3. 不加后缀也表示职业的词
cook(烹饪)→ 本身可作名词 “厨师”(cooker 是 “厨具”)
nurse(护士)→ 直接表示职业,无需加后缀。
The Simple Future Tense 一般将来时
一、概念:一般将来时表示将来某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来经常或反复发生的动作。常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow、soon、later、next week/month/year、in a few days/months/years 等。
英语中最常用的两种表达形式是: will + 动词原形 和 be going to + 动词原形。虽然两者都可表示将来,但用法和语境有明显区别。
1. 由“助动词 will/shall + 动词原形”构成。表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。
在口语中,will 在代词后常缩写为’ll, will not 常缩写为won’t。
在疑问句中,主语为第一人称(I/we)时,常用助动词 shall。
肯定句:
主语 + will + 动词原形
e.g. She will go to the park tomorrow. 她明天要去公园。
否定句:
主语 + will not (won’t) + 动词原形
e.g. He won’t attend the meeting. 他不会参加会议。
一般疑问句:
Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
e.g.Will you come to my party? 你会来我的派对吗?
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形?
e.g.When will they leave? 他们什么时候离开?
2. 由“be going to + 动词原形”构成。表示打算、计划、意愿要做的事情或有迹象表明即将发生的事,也用来表示自然现象。
肯定句:
主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形
e.g. I am going to buy a new book. 我打算买一本新书。 It’s going to rain. 快要下雨了。
否定句:
主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形
e.g. She isn’t going to watch TV tonight. 她今晚不打算看电视。
一般疑问句:
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
e.g.Are you going to visit your grandparents? 你打算去看望祖父母吗?
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
e.g.What are you going to do this weekend? 这个周末你打算做什么?
二、will 与 be going to 的核心用法区别
维度
will + 动词原形
be going to + 动词原形
计划与否
强调临时决定或未提前计划的将来动作。
强调事先计划好、有意图的将来动作。
预测依据
表示无客观证据的预测
(基于主观判断、猜测)。
表示有客观证据的预测(根据迹象推断某事即将发生)。
特殊场景
用于意愿、承诺、请求、命令等情感或态度表达。
无此类情感表达,仅聚焦 “计划” 或 “迹象性
will与be going to两者可互换的情况:
在以下两种情况下,will 和 be going to 的区别很小,经常可以互换使用,意思上不会有太大改变。
情况
说明
例句 (will)
例句 (be going to)
1. 预测未来事件
(Prediction)
当预测未来会发生某事,且没有很强的“事先计划”或“即时决定”的意味时。
I think it **will** be sunny tomorrow.
I think it **is going to** be sunny tomorrow.
2. 表达意图
(Intentions)
当意图非常明确和坚定时,两者都可以用。用 be going to 计划感稍强,用 will 决心感稍强。
I **will** study harder next term.
(我下定决心要更努力)
I **am going to** study harder next term.
(我计划要更努力)
三、拓展:其他表示将来的结构
1. 表示位置移动的动词 go、come、leave、fly、start、meet、move 等,可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。
e.g. —When are you starting out? 你什么时候出发?
—I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天离开。
2. 一般现在时表示将来。
1)表示按计划要发生的事。例如:
e.g. The train leaves/arrives at 10:45. 火车 10 点 45 分开/到。
2)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. When she comes, I’ll tell her about it. 她来时我将把这件事告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨, 我将去动物园。
注意:There be 句型用在一般将来时中,其结构为:There will be .../There is/are going to be ...
e.g. There will be a meeting in this hall this afternoon. 这个厅今天下午有个会。
There is going to be an art festival next weekend. 下周末将有一个艺术节。
语法知识点小测:
一、后缀填空(根据词根和提示,写出对应的职业名词)
1. teach(教)→ ___________(教师) 2. act(表演)→ ___________(演员)
3. music(音乐)→ ___________(音乐家) 4. art(艺术)→ ___________(艺术家)
5. drive(驾驶)→ ___________(司机) 6. direct(指导)→ ___________(导演)
7. science(科学)→ ___________(科学家) 8. farm(农场)→___________(农民)
【答案与详解】
1. teacher(解析:动词 teach 加后缀 - er 构成职业名词 “教师”)
2. actor(解析:动词 act 加后缀 - or 构成 “演员”)
3. musician(解析:名词 music 加后缀 - ian 构成 “音乐家”)
4. artist(解析:名词 art 加后缀 - ist 构成 “艺术家”)
5. driver(解析:动词 drive 加后缀 - er 构成 “司机”)
6. director(解析:动词 direct 加后缀 - or 构成 “导演”法)
7. scientist(解析:名词 science 加后缀 - ist 构成 “科学家”)
8. farmer(解析:名词 farm 加后缀 - er 构成 “农民”)
二、选词填空(用 will 或 be going to 的适当形式填空)。
1. Look at the dark clouds! It _________________ rain soon.
2. I _________________ help you with your homework this evening.
3. She _________________ be a doctor when she grows up.
4. —I forgot to bring my pen. —Don’t worry. I _________________ lend you mine.
5. We _________________ visit the science museum next Sunday. Would you like to join us?
【答案与详解】
1. is going to(解析:根据 “dark clouds” 的迹象预测下雨,用 be going to,表有迹象的预测)
2. will/am going to(解析:will 表示临时决定或意愿;be going to 表示事先计划好的动作)
3. is going to(解析:计划长大后成为医生,用 be going to表计划)
4. will(解析:即时承诺借笔,用 will表承诺)
5. will/are going to (解析:will 可用于表达未来的计划或邀请;be going to 强调 “事先计划”)
三、单项选择(词汇辨析)。
( ) 1. —It's a good way _________ guide dogs to help blind people.
—I think so.
A.to train B.train C.training D.to training
( ) 2. Tony ________ his father because both of them are interested in ________ animals.
A.looks for, caring about B.takes after; caring for
C.takes up; caring for D.looks after; caring about
( ) 3. I ________ his party invitation, but I didn’t ________ it.
A.accepted, accept B.received, accept C.accepted, receive
( ) 4. The house is on fire. Many firefighters come to the house and try to ________ the fire.
A.put on B.put out C.put away D.put off
( ) 5. The building is on ________ fire. Call ________ police at once.
A.the; the B.a; a C./; the D./; /
( ) 6. Since you have ________ the tennis club, why not ________ the tennis match?
A.joined; join B.joined in; join in C.joined; join in D.joined in; join
( ) 7. —Why are you so happy?
—Because my mother promised ________ a computer for me.
A.to buy B.buying C.buys D.buy
( ) 8. The driver stopped the bus without ________ twice.
A.think B.thinking C.to think D.thought
( ) 9. I want to be ________ astronaut and walk in ________ space some day in the future.
A.an; / B.an; the C.the; the D.the; an
( ) 10. Students learn first-aid skills to ________ helping others in society.
A.get ready for B.be proud of C.keep clear of D.take care of
【答案与详解】
1. 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——训练导盲犬来帮助盲人是一个好方法。——我也这样认为。
考查非谓语动词。表达“……是一个好方法”,用“it is a good way to do”的结构,“it”是形式主语,句子的真正主语是动词不定式。表达“训练”用动词不定式“to train”。故选A。
2. 【答案】B【详解】句意:Tony像他的父亲,因为他们都对照顾动物感兴趣。
考查动词短语。look for寻找;take after和……相像;take up占据;look after照顾;care about关心;care for照料。根据“Tony...his father because both of them are interested in”可知,Tony像他的父亲,第一空应填takes after,排除ACD。故选B。
3. 【答案】B【详解】句意:我收到了他的派对邀请,但我不接受它。
考查动词辨析。accept接受(主观);receive收到(客观)。根据“I…his party invitation, but I didn’t…it.”可知,此处表达客观收到邀请,但是主观不接受,且转折连词but连接的前后两句时态统一,均为一般过去时。故选B。
4. 【答案】B【详解】句意:房子着火了。许多消防员来到房子里,试图扑灭大火。
考查动词短语。put on穿上;put out扑灭;put away收起;put off推迟 。根据“The house is on fire.”可知,是要灭火。故选B。
5. 【答案】C【详解】句意:大楼着火了。马上给警察打电话。
考查冠词。the那个,表示特指;a一个,表示泛指;/零冠词。on fire意为“着火”;the police“警察”,表示一类,故选C。
6. 【答案】C【详解】句意:既然你已经加入了网球俱乐部,为什么不参加网球比赛呢?
考查动词用法。join加入,后接组织或人;join in参加,后接活动。根据“Since you have...the tennis club, why not...the tennis match?”以及选项可知,第一空应用joined,表示加入了网球俱乐部这个组织;第二空应用join in表示参加网球比赛这一活动。故选C。
7. 【答案】A【详解】句意:——你为什么这么开心?——因为我妈妈答应给我买一台电脑。
考查非谓语动词。to buy买,动词不定式;buying买,动名词/现在分词;buys买,动词第三人称单数形式;buy买,动词原形。根据“my mother promised…”可知,这里需要用promise to do sth表示“承诺做某事”,to buy符合语境,指妈妈答应做的事情是买电脑。故选A。
8. 【答案】B【详解】句意:那位司机毫不犹豫就把公交车停了下来。
考查动名词作宾语。without doing sth“没有做某事”,介词without后接动名词作宾语。故选B。
9. 【答案】A【详解】句意:我想成为一名宇航员,在未来的某一天走进太空。
考查冠词用法。第一空是泛指一名宇航员,且astronaut是一个以元音音素开头的单词,用an修饰;space表示“太空”,in space“在太空中”,前面不用冠词,故选A。
10. 【答案】A【详解】句意:学生学习急救技能,为在社会上帮助他人做好准备。
考查动词短语。get ready for为……做好准备;be proud of为……感到自豪;keep clear of远离;take care of照顾。根据“Students learn first-aid skills to...helping others in society.”可知,学习急救技能给帮助他人做准备,故选A。
四、完成译句 (根据汉语提示,完成下列句子,每空一词。)
1. 他梦想有一天成为一名宇航员。
He _________ _________ becoming an astronaut one day.
2. 只要我们坚持努力,梦想就会实现。
Our dreams _________ _________ _________ as long as we keep working hard.
3. 我打算明天去图书馆借一些关于计算机的书。
I _________ _________ _________ borrow some books about computers from the library tomorrow.
4. 这位老师为学生们树立了一个好榜样。
The teacher _________ _________ _________ _________ the students.
5. 多亏了你的帮助,我通过了考试。
________ ________ your help, I passed the exam.
6. 他们正在为运动会做准备。
They are ________ ________ the sports meeting.
7. 只要你坚持努力,你的梦想就会实现。
Your dream will come true ________ ________ ________ you keep trying.
8. 我没有机会和我的朋友分享开心。
I have no chance ________ ________ my happiness with my friends
9. He started to swim at the age of five. (改为同义句)
He started to swim he five.
10. Sam will be happy to go on a trip with them. (改为一般疑问句)
Sam happy to go on a trip with them?
【答案与详解】
1. dreams of(解析:“梦想做某事” 用 dream of doing)
2. will come true(解析:“梦想实现” 用 come true,一般将来时用 will + 动词原形)
3. am going to(解析:“打算做某事” 用 be going to,主语为 I,be 动词用 am)
4. sets a good example to(解析:“为…… 树立好榜样” 用 set a good example to)
5. Thanks to(解析:表示“多亏了”,后接名词或代词。)
6. preparing for(解析:prepare for 表示“为……做准备”。)
7. as long as(解析:引导条件状语从句,表示“只要”。)
8. to share(解析:对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“分享”,share“分享”,动词;根据句意,have no chance to do sth. “没有机会做某事”。故填to;share。)
9. when was(解析::句意:他五岁时开始游泳。at the age of…“在……岁”可替换为when引导的时间状语从句;根据“started to swim”和主语“he”可知此处填be动词的过去式was。故填when; was。)
10. Will;be(解析:句子中含有助动词will,时态为一般将来时。将陈述句改为一般疑问句时,需要把助动词will提到主语Sam前面,其他部分保持不变。故填Will;be。)
五、完形填空
Coffee shops are cool, but a newly opened one is known for its warmth.
Li Sha is one of seven hearing-impaired staffs (听障员工) in this coffee shop. With the help of a special food order app, it is 1 for these staffs to talk face to face with customers (顾客) when they order coffee.
As a hearing-impaired person, 2 others is always the main problem for Li. After finishing her college, she did many jobs like art teacher, dancer and driver. However, 3 of them could become a long-term one. Three years ago, once she heard a coffee shop needed baristas (咖啡师), she decided to ask for this job. 4 Li met more problems than she had expected when learning how to make coffee. She told herself not to 5 . After years of hard work, Li has learned how to make all coffee drinks. She can 6 teach other hearing-impaired staffs to make coffee with sign language (手语).
Now in Li’s shop, when she 7 coffee to customers, they start “saying” hello in sign language or with gestures. “I hope people can have more 8 and respect (尊重) for us. Every hearing-impaired person can make their dream come true,” Li wrote.
( ) 1.A.important B.possible C.necessary
( ) 2.A.talking with B.looking for C.caring about
( ) 3.A.all B.either C.none
( ) 4.A.So B.Because C.But
( ) 5.A.dress up B.give up C.stay up
( ) 6.A.even B.still C.hardly
( ) 7.A.leaves B.serves C.shows
( ) 8.A.understanding B.experience C.discussion
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A
【导语】本文介绍了一家新开的咖啡店,其中有七名听障员工,并讲述了其中一名听障员工——李莎的经历。
1.句意:在一个特殊的订餐应用程序的帮助下,这些员工可以在点咖啡时与顾客面对面交谈。
important重要的;possible可能的;necessary必要的。结合选项和“it is...for these staffs to talk face to face with customers (顾客) when they order coffee.”可知,此处表示使听障员工和顾客面对面交谈成为可能,故选B。
2.句意:作为一名听障人士,与他人交谈一直是李面临的主要问题。
talking with交谈;looking for寻找;caring about关心。根据“As a hearing-impaired person”可知,听障人士的主要问题是与他人交谈,故选A。
3.句意:然而,没有一份工作能够长期做下去。
all所有;either(两者之中)任何一个;none(三者或三者以上)毫无。分析“However...of them could become a long-term one.”可知,此处表示没有一份工作能够长期做下去,故选C。
4.句意:但李在学习煮咖啡时遇到的问题比她预想的要多。
So因此;Because因为;But但是。根据“Three years ago, once she heard a coffee shop needed baristas (咖啡师), she decided to ask for this job...Li met more problems than she had expected when learning how to make coffee.”可知,这两句是转折关系,空格处应用But表转折,故选C。
5.句意:她告诉自己不要放弃。
dress up装扮;give up放弃;stay up熬夜。根据“After years of hard work, Li has learned how to make all coffee drinks.”可知,此处表示李莎没有放弃,故选B。
6.句意:她甚至可以教其他听障员工用手语煮咖啡。
even甚至;still依旧;hardly几乎不。根据语境可知,此处表示李莎不仅学会了煮所有咖啡,甚至还可以教其他人煮咖啡,故选A。
7.句意:现在李的店里,当她给顾客送咖啡时,他们开始用手语或手势“打招呼”。
leaves离开;serves服务;shows展示。根据“when she...coffee to customers”可知,本题考查短语serve sth. to sb.“给某人提供某物,拿某物招待某人”,故选B。
8.句意:我希望人们能够对我们有更多的理解和尊重。
understanding理解;experience经验;discussion讨论。结合选项和“I hope people can have more...and respect (尊重) for us”可知,此处表示希望人们能够对听障人士有更多的理解和尊重,故选A。
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空或填入一个适当的词。
We all know that the key to 1 [sək’ses] is hard work. However, there are some jobs which are 2 (easy) than others. Do you want to have a try?
How about making money out of your hobbies? Many 3 (fan) of computer games dream of making their fortune by 4 (play) games as a game tester. Student Nick Chen is one of them. “I’m mad about video games and my dream is to design games one day, and this is a great way to get 5 [ɪk’spɪriəns],” says Nick. “But it isn’t so easy as my friends think. You play the games before the pictures are really developed, and it 6 (take) you so much time to play them. And you have to do the same level of the game again and again to find any possible problem.”
Or perhaps you are more of an outdoor type? So how about earning your living and being famous 7 a human statue (雕塑)? Just put 8 a beautiful costume and then stand there completely still (静止的), until someone gives you some money. “It’s not easy to stay still hour after hour, 9 [ɪ’speʃəli] when a mosquito (蚊子) lands on your nose,” says Teresa Parks. “ 10 the smile you get can be really satisfying.”
【答案】 1.success 2.easier 3.fans 4.playing 5.experience 6.takes 7.as 8.on 9.especially 10.But
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些简单的工作。
1.句意:我们都知道成功的关键是努力工作。根据音标可知,空处应填success“成功”,故填success。
2.句意:然而,有些工作比其他工作更容易。根据“than”可知,应用比较级,故填easier。
3.句意:许多电脑游戏迷梦想着作为游戏测试员通过玩游戏发家致富。many修饰可数名词复数,故填fans。
4.句意:许多电脑游戏迷梦想着作为游戏测试员通过玩游戏发家致富。by是介词,后跟动名词作宾语,故填playing。
5.句意:我非常喜欢电子游戏,我的梦想是有一天能够设计游戏,这是一种获得经验的好方法。根据音标可知,空处应填experience“经验”,故填experience。
6.句意:你在照片真正冲洗出来之前就开始玩游戏,而且花了你很多时间。句子是一般现在时,主语是it,动词用三单形式,故填takes。
7.句意:那么,如何谋生和作为一个人的雕像而出名呢?此处是短语be famous as“作为……而出名”,故填as。
8.句意:只要穿上漂亮的服装,然后一动不动地站在那里,直到有人给你钱。根据“a beautiful costume”可知,是指穿上服装,应用动词短语put on。故填on。
9.句意:一小时又一小时地保持静止并不容易,尤其是当蚊子落在你的鼻子上时。根据音标可知,空处应填especially“尤其”。故填especially。
10.句意:但你得到的微笑真的很令人满意。空后和前面是转折关系,应用but,故填But。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
新仁爱八上 Unit 1 My Dream Job 单元知识梳理(练习版)
Preparing for the Topic
Listening & Speaking
1. —What’s your dream job? —I want to be an artist. — 你梦想的职业是什么?— 我想成为一名艺术家。 (教材P2 Activity 1 C)
这是一个特殊疑问句,用于询问对方 “梦想的职业是什么”。
构成:特殊疑问词 What(什么)+ 一般疑问句(is your dream job?)。your可根据语境替换为his/her/their 等形容词性物主代词。
e.g. What’s his dream job? 他梦想的职业是什么?
回答:I want to be a/an + 职业名词. 表示 “我想要成为……(职业)”,用于回应对梦想职业的询问。
注:职业名词前用“a”(辅音开头)或 “an”(元音开头)。
拓展:询问职业愿望的其他表达
What do you want to be (when you grow up)? 你(长大后)想成为什么?
回答: I want to be a scientist (when I grow up). 我(长大后)想成为一名科学家。
【及时练习】—What’s Lily’s dream job? —________
A. She want to be a teacher. B. She wants to be an artist. C. Her dream job is a farmer.
2. What do I do? 我是做什么工作的? (教材P3 Activity 2)
询问职业的核心句型: What do/does + 主语 + do?
助动词 do/does 用于构成一般现在时的疑问句,根据主语人称变化。
实义动词 do 此处意为 “从事(工作)”,是句子的谓语。
回答职业的常用句型:
主语 + be 动词 + a/an + 职业名词.(强调身份)
主语 + work as + a/an + 职业名词.(强调工作角色)
主语 + do + 具体工作内容.(强调工作行为)
询问句型
回答句型(身份)
回答句型(角色)
回答句型(行为)
What do you do?
你是做什么的?
I am a teacher.
我是一名老师。
I work as a teacher.
我担任老师工作。
I teach students English .
我教学生英语。
What does she do?
她是做什么的?
She is a doctor.
她是一名医生。
She works as a doctor.
她是一名医生。
She helps sick people.
她帮助病人。
What do they do?
他们是做什么的?
They are farmers.
他们是农民。
They work as farmers.
他们以农民身份工作。
They grow crops in the field.
他们在田里种庄稼。
拓展: 询问职业的其他表达
·What’s your job? 你的工作是什么?(更简洁的问法, 主语是 job, be 动词用 is)
回答:My job is a nurse. 我的工作是护士。
·What are you? 你是做什么的? (口语中常用,直接询问身份)
回答:I’m an engineer. 我是一名工程师。
What do I do? 的同义表达:What’s ________ job? / What _______ I?
【及时练习】1) —What ______ she do? —She is a doctor.
A. do B. does C. is
2) —What do they do? —________
A. They are teachers. B. He is a teacher. C. They want to be teachers.
3. I give directions to them. 我给他们指导。 (教材P3 Activity 2)
双宾语结构:give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 表示 “把某物给某人”。
直接宾语(sth.):指动作直接作用的对象(通常是事物);
间接宾语(sb.):指动作的接收者(通常是人)。
注意:当间接宾语(sb.)是人称代词宾格(如 me/you/him/her/it/us/them)时,常用 “give sth. to sb.” 结构,避免歧义或语序混乱。
e.g. I give it to her.(√,不用 “I give her it.”)当间接宾语(sb.)是名词时,两种结构均可使用:
e.g. She gives her mother a gift. 她给她妈妈一份礼物。
= She ________ a gift ________ her mother.
类似动词还有:pass(递), show(展示), teach(教), send(寄), bring(带来)等。
【及时练习】1) She gives _________ to her sister.
A. a cake me B. me a cake C. a cake
2) Please give ________. I need it.
A. the ruler to me B. me to the ruler C. the ruler me
4. I work with actors, actresses and other artists. 我和男女演员及其他艺术家们一起工作。
Together with them, I produce films. 我和他们一起制作电影。 (教材P3 Activity 2)
1) together with... 与 work with 的区别
·together with... 介词短语,意为 “与…… 一起;和…… 一同”,强调伴随关系,说明动作发生时的伴随对象。
遵循 “就远原则”:当连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由 together with 前面的主语决定,与后面的伴随对象无关。
e.g. Lucy, together with her parents, is visiting the museum.
露西和她的父母正在参观博物馆。(谓语 “is” 由 “Lucy” 决定)
·work with 动词短语,意为 “与…… 一起工作;和…… 协作”, 在句中作谓语,后接宾语(人或团队)。
e.g. She works with her colleagues on this project. 她和同事们一起做这个项目。
2) produce vt. 制作;生产;创作;产出
e.g. This factory produces cars. 这家工厂生产汽车。
They produce a new movie every year. 他们每年制作一部新电影。
常见搭配: produce + 具体产品:produce food 生产食物 produce clothes 生产衣服
produce + 作品:produce films 制作电影 produce music创作音乐produce paintings 创作画作
拓展:produce的名词形式 production 意为 “生产;制作;作品”。
e.g. Her new production is a great success. 她的新作品非常成功。
【及时练习】判断句子正误(√ / ×),错误的请改正。
Lily together with her sister are good at singing.( )
He works with his brother produce videos.( )
Function
1. —How are you doing today? —Not bad. —你今天过得怎么样 —还不错。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
How are you doing today 用于日常口语中询问对方当天的状态或近况,是一种亲切、随意的问候方式,比 “How are you?” 更强调 “当天” 的感受。
常见回答: 正面回答:Not bad.(还不错。) Pretty good.(相当好。)
Great!(好极了!)I’m doing well, thanks.(我过得很好,谢谢。)
中性 / 稍负面回答:Just so - so.(一般般。)
Not great, but okay.(不太好,但还行。) A bit busy, but fine.(有点忙,但还好。)
拓展: 同义表达 How are you today? 你今天好吗? How’s it going today? 今天过得怎么样?
What’s up today? 今天有什么事吗?/ 今天怎么样?(更随意,多用于熟人)
【及时练习】—__________? —Not bad. I finished my homework early.
A. What’s your name B. How are you doing today C. Where are you going
2. —What happened to your dog, Lingling? —It got sick yesterday. —玲玲,你的狗怎么了?
— 它昨天生病了。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1) happen to ... “某人 / 某物发生了某事”,强调事情意外或偶然发生。
特殊疑问句:What happened to + 人 / 物?(…… 怎么了?)
陈述句:Sth. happened to + 人 / 物.(某人 / 某物发生了某事。)
e.g. —What happened to your bike? —It looks broken. 你的自行车怎么了?看起来坏了。
A car accident happened to his father last week. 他爸爸上周出了车祸。
注意:happen 是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态(不能说 “Somebody was happened...”)。
主语通常是 “something”“what” 等表示事情的词,宾语是 “人 / 物”,即 “事情发生
在人 / 物身上”。
拓展:happen to do sth. 表示 “偶然做某事;碰巧做某事”。
e.g. I happened to meet my old friend in the park. 我碰巧在公园遇到了老朋友。
2)get sick “生病;感到不适”,强调从健康状态转变为生病的状态。
同义表达:be sick, fall ill(fall ill 更强调 “突然生病”)。
e.g. She got sick after eating too much ice cream. 她吃了太多冰淇淋后生病了。
【及时练习】1)—What ________ to your cat? It’s not active today. —It got hurt.
A. happen B. happened C. happens
2)翻译句子:我碰巧在书店看到了这本新书。(happen to do sth.)
_____________________________________________
3) 判断句子正误:He was happened a bad thing yesterday.( )
3. But thanks to the vets, it’s doing better now. 但是多亏了兽医们,它现在好多了。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1) thanks to “多亏;由于;因为”,强调正面的原因或帮助,引出带来好结果的人、物或情况。
后接 名词 / 代词 / 名词短语(不能接句子)。
e.g. Thanks to your help, I finished the task on time. 多亏了你的帮助,我按时完成了任务。
拓展:近义词组:because of,但 “thanks to” 更强调 “感激” 的语气,而 “because of” 仅表示
原因,无情感色彩。
e.g. Because of the traffic jam, I was late for school. 因为交通堵塞,我上学迟到了。
2) do better 表示 “(在状态、表现、进展等方面)变得更好,做得更好”。该短语通常用于描述人、动物或事物在经历某种过程(如治疗、练习、调整等)后,状态或表现得到改善.。
注意:better 是副词 well 的比较级,修饰动词 do,说明 “变好” 的程度。
e.g. The little bird was weak, but it’s doing better now with proper care.
这只小鸟之前很虚弱,但经过细心照料,现在好多了。
If you practice every day, you will do better in playing the piano. 如果你每天练习,钢琴会弹得更好。
拓展: 同义 / 近义表达:
get better(侧重 “身体 / 状态好转”,更口语化)
improve(强调 “改善;提高”,可作动词单独使用)
make progress(侧重 “取得进步”,更正式)
e.g. The plant is getting better after more sunlight. 多晒太阳后,这株植物好多了。
Her English improved a lot this term. 这学期她的英语进步很大。
关联短语:do well “做得好,进展顺利” (原级形式)
e.g. He does well in his new job. 他在新工作中表现不错。
do one’s best “尽某人最大努力”(后可接 to do sth.)
e.g. She did her best to help the injured cat. 她尽全力帮助那只受伤的猫。
【及时练习】1) ________ the good weather, we had a great picnic yesterday.
A. Because B. Thanks to C. Though
2) Which sentence uses “do better” correctly?( )
A. My brother do better in sports than me.
B. The flowers are do better with enough water.
C. You will do better if you listen carefully in class.
3) 翻译句子:经过医生的治疗,这位老人的身体好多了。
After the doctor’s treatment, the old man _______________.
4. I’m sure you will be an excellent vet. 我确信你会成为一名优秀的兽医。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1) I'm sure (that) + 从句 “我确信……;我肯定……”,用于表达对某件事的强烈信心或确定的判断,是主从复合句结构。
拓展:be sure 的其他常用搭配
be sure of/about sth. 对某事有把握(后接名词或动名词)。
e.g. She is sure of her success. 她对自己的成功有把握。
be sure to do sth. 肯定会做某事;务必做某事
e.g. You are sure to pass the exam if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,肯定会通过考试。
【及时练习】1)I’m sure _________ she will win the game.
A. what B. that C. who
2)判断句子正误:I’m sure to he will help us.( )
(应改为:I’m sure that he will help us. 或 I’m sure he will help us.)
2) will 情态动词,用于表示对未来的预测、意愿或必然发生的事情,后接动词原形。
肯定句:主语 + will + 动词原形。
否定句:主语 + will not(won’t)+ 动词原形。
疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
拓展: 表将来的其他表达方式
·be going to do sth. 计划、打算做某事, 或根据迹象预测即将发生的事。
e.g. It’s going to rain. 天要下雨了。
·现在进行时表将来 (用于计划好的动作,多为移动性动词, 如 go/come/leave 等)。
e.g. We are leaving tomorrow. 我们明天出发。
3) excellent adj. “优秀的;杰出的;极好的”。强调 “卓越/顶尖”, 用于极高评价。
【及时练习】I’m sure he will arrive on time. (改为否定句)
_______________________________________
5. —What are you going to be, Linging? —I am going to be a dancer. — 玲玲,你将来打算成为什么? — 我打算成为一名舞蹈家。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
What are you going to be? 用于询问未来职业规划的特殊疑问句,结构为:
What + be 动词 + 主语 + going to be?
be going to +动词原形be:表示 “打算成为;将要成为”,强调 “计划、打算或有迹象发生的未来”。注意:根据主语人称调整 be 动词形式。
回答:主语 + be 动词 + going to be + 职业名词.
e.g. —What are you going to be, Tom? —I am going to be a pilot.
— 汤姆,你将来打算成为什么? — 我打算成为一名飞行员。
拓展1:同义句型:
What will you be in the future?(用 “will + 动词原形” 表达将来,语气更客观,无 “计划” 含义)
What do you want to be when you grow up? (更口语化,强调 “愿望”,用一般现在时)
e.g. —What do you want to be when you grow up? — 你长大后想做什么?
—I want to be a scientist. — 我想当科学家。
拓展2: 职业名词的单复数与冠词:
职业名词前通常加不定冠词 “a/an”(辅音开头用 a,元音开头用 an)如 a teacher, an engineer。
辨析:be going to 与 will
结构
核心含义
适用场景
例句
be going to
强调 “计划、
打算或迹象”
有明确计划、安排,或能通过迹象判断的未来。
She is going to buy a new bike.
will
强调 “意愿、预测或临时决定”
无计划的临时决定、
客观预测、承诺等。
I will help you with your homework.
【及时练习】1)Which sentence is correct?( )
A. What are you going to be when you grow up?
B. What you are going to be?
C. What is he going to be a doctor?
2) 她将来打算成为一名歌手,因为她擅长唱歌。(完成译句)
She is ___________ to be a ___________ because she is good at ___________.
3) I am going to be a teacher in the future. (对划线部分提问)
__________ are you going to _________ in the future?
6. Maybe one day you will write a news report about Lingling. 也许有一天你会写一篇关于玲玲的新闻报道。 (教材P4 Activity 3)
1)maybe adv. “也许;可能;大概”,用于表示推测或不确定的语气。
注意:与 may be 的区别:maybe 是副词,单独使用;
may be 是 “情态动词 may + 动词原形 be”, 在句中作谓语, 意为 “可能是”。
e.g. Maybe he is at home. 也许他在家。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
拓展:表推测的其他副词 perhaps “也许”,比 “maybe” 更正式。
e.g. Perhaps she will come to the party. 也许她会来参加派对。
probably “很可能”,可能性比 “maybe” 高
e.g. He will probably arrive before 6 pm. 他很可能在下午 6 点前到达。
【及时练习】__________ we will move to a new city some day.
A. May be B. Maybe C. Probable
2)one day “(将来或过去的)某一天”,具体含义需结合语境判断时态:
·表示将来的某一天:用于一般将来时(will + 动词原形 /be going to + 动词原形),强调 “未来不确定的某一天”,常表达愿望、预测或计划。
e.g. I hope I will travel to Paris one day. 我希望有一天能去巴黎旅行。
·表示过去的某一天:用于一般过去时,强调 “过去某个不确定的日子”,常用于叙述过去发生的事情。
e.g. One day, she met an old friend in the street. 有一天,她在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
拓展:some day 与 one day
用法
some day
one day
时间范围
仅指未来(将来某一天)
可指过去(曾经某一天)或未来(将来某一天)
语境侧重
强调不确定性,常用于愿望、推测
可用于过去的经历或未来的计划,语气更灵活
时态搭配
与一般将来时连用
表示过去时, 与一般过去时连用; 表示未来时, 与一般将来时连用
例句
Some day we will live on Mars.
One day I met an old friend in the street. One day I’ll learn to play the piano.
【及时练习】If you don’t stop working hard, you __________ some day.
A. succeed B. succeeded C. will succeed D. have succeeded
Exploring the Topic
Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies
1. Some people train animals to do jobs for people. 一些人训练动物为人类工作。
For example, guide dog teachers train guide dogs to help blind people. 例如,导盲犬训练师训练导盲犬帮助盲人。 (教材P6 Activity 1)
1) do jobs 固定搭配,表示动作性的 “干活、工作”。do 此处为实义动词,意为 “做;从事”;jobs指具体的工作任务或岗位。
拓展:do后可接具体的工作类型,如 do housework 做家务、 do office work 做办公室工作、
do farm work 干农活。
辨析:do a job 与 have a job
do a job 强调 “执行工作的动作”,
e.g. He does a part - time job on weekends. 他周末做兼职工作。
have a job 强调 “拥有工作的状态”,
e.g. She has a good job in a hospital. 她在医院有一份好工作。
2) train 为及物动词,意为 “训练;培养”;to do sth.是不定式短语,作宾语补足语,表示目的。
e.g. The trainer trains dolphins to jump through hoops. 驯兽师训练海豚跳圈。
Schools train students to be polite to others. 学校培养学生对他人有礼貌。
类似结构:动词+ 宾语 + to do sth. 作宾补,如 teach... to do... 教… 做…,ask... to do... 要求…做…,
encourage... to do...鼓励…做…。
否定形式:在不定式前加 not,即 train... not to do... 训练… 不做…。
3) guide dog teachers 这是一个复合名词,由前一个名词(或名词短语guide dog)修饰后一个名词(teachers),前一个名词(短语)用单数形式。
e.g. coffee cups 咖啡杯 apple trees 苹果树
(但man和woman除外,当这两个词修饰名词时, 用作复数时两个名词一起变, 如men teachers 男老师,women doctors 女医生。)
【及时练习】 1)They ________ (do) hard jobs in the factory to make money.
2) 翻译句子:音乐老师训练学生弹钢琴。
Music teachers ___________________________
3) —Guide dogs are trained __________ in company with the blind.
—And for many blind people, having a guide dog is an experience to a new life.
A. to live B. living C. live
2. Some railway workers also work at night because a few trains run during night time. 一些铁路工作人员也需要在夜间工作,因为少数列车会在夜间运行。 (教材P6 Activity 1)
1)also adv. “也;同样”,通常放在 be 动词/助动词/情态动词之后, 实义动词之前。
2)because conj.“因为”,引导原因状语从句,后接句子。
注意:because不能与 so “所以” 同时使用,二者选其一。because引导原因状语从句,而 so 连接并列句,表示结果。
e.g. ❌ Because trains run overnight, so workers work at night.
因为火车夜间运行,所以工人要上班。(中文思维常见错误!需二选一。)
拓展:because of 介词短语,“因为” ,后接名词、代词或动名词。
e.g. He was late _______________ the rain. 他迟到是因为下雨。
He was late ____________ it rained. 他迟到是因为天下雨了。
3)a few 限定词,意为 “一些;几个”,用于修饰可数名词复数, 表肯定。
few “几乎没有”, 修饰可数名词复数, 表否定。
4)run v. “运行;行驶”,过去式: ran。
拓展:run 的其他常见含义:
“跑;奔跑”:He runs fast in the playground. 他在操场跑得快。
“经营;管理”:His father runs a small shop. 他爸爸经营一家小商店。
“流淌”:The river runs through the village. 河流穿过村庄。
5)during prep. “在…… 期间”, 常见搭配:during class 在上课期间
during the day 在白天 during the holiday 在假期期间
同义表达:at night 在夜间,但during night time更强调 “整个夜间期间”,at night 侧重 “夜间的某个时间点”。
【及时练习】
1)Some doctors and nurses work at night _________ patients need help all the time.
A. so B. because C. because of
2)He missed the train _________ the heavy traffic.
A. because B. because of C. so
3)There are ________ trains running at night, but not many.
A. few B. a few C. little
4)The subway _________ every 10 minutes during rush hour.
A. runs B. run C. ran
5)She studied hard _________ the exam and got a good grade.
A. during B. at C. in
3. Modern farmers grow more green food and care more about people’s health. 现代农民种植更多绿色食品,并且更关心人们的健康。 (教材P7 Activity 1)
1)grow v. “种植; 生长; 成长”
e.g. Rice grows well in wet soil. 水稻在湿润的土壤里长得很好。
作系动词:意为 “变得; 逐渐成为”,后接形容词作表语。
e.g. The sky grew dark as the storm came. 暴风雨来临时, 天空渐渐变黑了。
2)care about “关心;在意”,后接宾语(人、物或抽象概念)。
辨析:care about 与 care for
care about 侧重 “关心;在意(态度上的重视)”,宾语可以是人/事/物。
e.g. He cares about his family’s safety. 他关心家人的安全。
care for 侧重 “照顾;照料(具体的行动)” 或 “喜欢(口语中)”。
e.g. She cares for her sick mother every day. 她每天照顾生病的妈妈。
I don’t care for spicy food. 我不喜欢辛辣的食物。
【及时练习】 He doesn’t _________ money—he only wants to help others.
A. care about B. care for C. look after
4. They try to protect the environment and make the world a better place. 他们努力保护环境,并使世界成为一个更美好的地方。 (教材P7 Activity 1)
1)try to do sth. “努力做某事;尽力做某事”,侧重 “尽力达成” 的意图。在句中作谓语,后接不定式短语 to protect the environment 作宾语。try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做某事
protect the environment “保护环境”。protect v. → protection n. 保护
environment protection 环境保护
拓展:protect...from... 保护…… 免受…… 的伤害
e.g. We wear masks to protect ourselves from the cold. 我们戴口罩保护自己免受寒冷侵袭。
辨析:try to do sth. 与 try doing sth.
try to do sth.:强调 “努力、尽力做某事”,侧重目的是完成动作。
e.g. She tries to finish her homework before dinner.她努力在晚饭前完成作业。
try doing sth.:强调 “尝试做某事”,侧重通过尝试看是否有效果,不一定追求完成。
e.g. Why not try eating more vegetables? 为什么不试试多吃点蔬菜呢?
2)make sth. + n. “使某物成为……”
结构:使役动词 make + 宾语(sth.)+ 名词(n. 作宾语补足语)。
e.g. Hard work can make dreams a reality. 努力能使梦想成为现实。
拓展:make 的其他常见结构
make sth. + adj. “使某物……”(形容词作宾补,强调状态)
e.g. Exercise makes us strong. 运动使我们强壮。
make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”(省略不定式符号 to 的不定式作宾补)
e.g. The teacher makes us read English every morning. 老师让我们每天早上读英语。
【及时练习】1) We should try ________ English well.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learns
2)My little brother is funny. He often makes me _________.
A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh D. laughs
3)We should try our best _________ the environment.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
4)Wearing sunglasses can help protect our eyes ________ the sunshine in summer.
A. from B. with C. by D. of
5. We heard the alarm and received a fire call. 我们听到了警报,接到了火警电话。 (教材P7 Activity 2)
1)hear v. “听见;听到”,强调 “听” 的结果。
拓展:hear 的常见结构:
hear + sth. 听见某物 / 某事(强调结果)。
e.g. I heard a loud noise outside. 我听到外面有很大的噪音。
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事(强调动作的全过程或经常性动作,省略不定式符号 to)。
e.g. She often hears her neighbor sing in the morning.她经常早上听到邻居唱歌。
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)。
e.g. I heard him talking on the phone when I passed by. 我路过时听见他正在打电话。
hear of/about 听说(某事 / 某人),表示间接得知信息。
e.g. Have you heard of this new movie? 你听说过这部新电影吗?
hear from “收到…… 的来信 / 消息 / 电话等”
e.g. He often hears from his pen pal. 他经常收到笔友的来信。
对比:listen 侧重 “听的动作或过程”,常与 to 搭配(listen to sth.)。
e.g. Listen! Can you hear the birds singing? 听!你能听到鸟在唱歌吗?
2)receive a call “接到电话” a fire call “火警电话”,是具体宾语。
同义表达:get a call "接到电话"
拓展:receive a letter 收到一封信 receive a gift 收到一份礼物
receive an invitation 收到一份邀请 receive a message 收到一条信息
辨析:receive 与 accept
receive 强调 “客观收到”(不一定接受); accept 强调 “主观接受”(同意接纳)。
e.g. She received a birthday present from him but didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的生日礼物,但没有接受。
Did you receive the email I sent yesterday? 你收到我昨天发的邮件了吗?
【及时练习】1) —Listen! Can you hear someone _________ in the next room?
—It must be Lily. I hear her ________ every afternoon.
A. sing; sing B. sing; singing C. singing; sing D. singing; singing
2) I ________ his party invitation, but I didn’t ________ it.
A. accepted, accept B. received, accept C. accepted, receive
6. A house was on fire and a child was on the sofa in the bedroom. 一栋房子着火了,一个孩子在卧室的沙发上。 (教材P7 Activity 2)
1)on fire 介词短语 “着火;起火”,在句中通常作表语(放在系动词后)。
类似结构还有:on duty 值班 on sale 打折
e.g. The factory was on fire when the firefighters arrived. 消防员到达时,工厂正在着火。
拓展:与catch fire的区别
on fire 是介词短语,表状态(“处于着火的状态”);
catch fire 是动词短语,表动作(“开始着火;起火”,强调 “着火” 的动作发生)。
e.g. The dry wood caught fire quickly, and soon the whole house was on fire.
干木头很快起火了,不久整栋房子都着火了。
常见搭配:set...on fire “放火烧……”(主动使某物着火)。
e.g. Someone set the old barn on fire last night. 昨晚有人放火烧了旧谷仓。
2)on the sofa in the bedroom “在卧室的沙发上” 这是由两个介词短语构成的地点状语,on the sofa(在沙发上)和 in the bedroom(在卧室里),共同说明 “a child” 所在的位置。
语序特点:多个地点状语连用时,通常遵循 “小地点在前,大地点在后” 的原则,即先说明具体的小位置(on the sofa),再说明所在的大空间(in the bedroom)。
e.g. My little sister likes reading stories on the chair in the living room.
我妹妹喜欢在客厅的椅子上读故事。
There is a lamp on the desk in my study. 我的书房的桌子上有一盏灯。
【及时练习】1)The building is on ________ fire. Call ________ police at once.
A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. /; /
2)她在厨房的架子上找到了钥匙。(完成译句)
She found her keys ____________________.
7. We put on the fireman uniforms, rushed to the house, saved the child and put out the fire. 我们穿上消防服,冲向那座房子,救出了孩子,还扑灭了大火。 (教材P7 Activity 2)
1) put on 动词短语,意为 “穿上;戴上; 上演;增加(体重)”, 强调 “穿戴” 的动作过程。
put on + 衣物/饰品(如衣服、帽子、眼镜等)。
注意:代词作宾语时需放在 put 和 on 之间(put it/them on)。
拓展:put on 与 wear, dress 的区别
词汇
含义
用法重点
例句
put on
穿上;戴上
强调动作, 后接具体衣物
She put on her coat before going out.
她出门前穿上了外套。
wear
穿着;戴着
强调状态, 后接衣物或饰品
He wears glasses every day.
他每天戴眼镜。
dress
给…穿衣;打扮
后接人(dress sb.), 或表状态(dress in + 颜色/材质)
Mom dresses the baby every morning.
妈妈每天早上给宝宝穿衣。
2)rush to + 地点名词(如 the house, the hospital, the station 等)“冲向……;急忙赶往……”。
拓展:rush 的其他搭配:rush hour (上下班时的)高峰期
rush into + 地点:冲进……(如 rush into the room 冲进房间)
rush to do sth.:急忙做某事(如 rush to help 急忙帮忙)
in a rush:匆忙地(介词短语,作状语)
e.g. When the bell rang, students rushed to the classroom. 铃声一响,学生们冲向教室。
The doctor rushed to the hospital to save the patient. 医生急忙赶往医院救病人。
3)put out 动词短语,此处意为 “扑灭;熄灭”,通常用于表示 “扑灭火灾、熄灭灯光 / 火焰” 等。put out + 宾语(如 fire, candle, light 等)
注意:代词作宾语时需放在put 和 out 之间(put it/them out)。
拓展:put out 的其他含义:
出版;发布 (如 The company put out a new book. 公司出版了一本新书。)
伸出(手、胳膊等) (如 She put out her hand to shake mine. 她伸出手和我握手。)
【及时练习】1) Father ________ his cap and went out.
A. put on B. puts on C. put out D. will put on
2) —Excuse me, sir. We can’t smoke here.
—Sorry, I _____ see the sign. I’ll _____ my cigarette (香烟) at once.
A. don’t; put away B. didn’t; put out C. can’t; put up D. won’t; put off
3) Don’t rush _________ the room. It’s not safe.
A. into B. on C. of D. off
Theme Reading
1. Deng Qingming is a taikonaut with a great dream. 邓清明是一位拥有伟大梦想的中国航天员。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
with prep. “具有;带有”,用来描述人或事物的特征、属性或伴随状态,后接名词短语(a great dream)作宾语,构成介词短语 “with a great dream”,在句中作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 taikonaut”。
拓展:·表示伴随动作或状态(“与…… 一起;随着”), 后接名词或代词。
e.g. She walked to school with her friend. 她和朋友一起步行上学。
·表示工具或手段(“用;凭借”),后接具体工具或方式。
e.g. We write with pens. 我们用钢笔写字。
·表示时间或同时性(“随着……”),常与go on/develop等动词搭配。
e.g. With time going on, we became good friends. 随着时间推移,我们成了好朋友。
·表示 “具有;带有”:
e.g. The girl with long hair is my classmate.那个留着长发的女孩是我的同学。
【及时练习】在老师的帮助下,我犯的语法错误比以前少了。(完成译句)
_______ the help of my teacher, I made fewer mistakes in grammar than before.
2. In 1998, he joined China’s space team as a young pioneer. 1998年,他作为一名年轻的开拓者加入了中国航天队。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1) join v. “加入;参加”,强调 “成为某个组织、团体或活动的一员”,后接组织、团队、俱乐部等名词(如 team, club, army 等)。
拓展:·join sb.(加入某人,和某人一起做某事)
e.g. Come and join us for dinner. 来和我们一起吃晚饭吧。
·join in + 活动(参与某项活动,侧重中途加入)
e.g. They joined in the discussion happily. 他们开心地加入了讨论。
同义短语:take part in 参加具体活动、会议、比赛等。
e.g. She took part in the school sports meeting. 她参加了学校运动会。
2)as 此处为介词,意为 “作为;当作”,用来表示 “某人的身份、职位或角色”。
【及时练习】Since you have _______ the tennis club, why not ________ the tennis match?
A. joined; join B. joined in; join in C. joined; join in D. joined in; join
3. From the very first day, he made a promise to himself — to fly into space one day. 从第一天起,他就对自己许下了一个承诺 — 有一天要飞入太空。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)the very first day “正是第一天;从第一天起”。very 此处为形容词,意为 “正是的;恰好的”。
结构:the + very + 序数词 + 名词 (very修饰序数词,强调顺序的 “正是第……”)
e.g. From the very first lesson, I fell in love with English. 从第一节课起,我就爱上了英语。
2)make a promise to “向…… 许下承诺”。to 是介词,后接人,即 “向某人承诺”;
若接承诺的内容,需用不定式 to do sth., make a promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”。
同义表达:promise to do sth.
e.g. She made a promise to her parents _____________ (finish) homework on time.
她向父母承诺按时完成作业。
2) fly into “飞入;飞进”,强调从外部进入某个空间的动作。
对比:fly to + 地点(飞往某地,强调目的地)
【及时练习】1)翻译句子:他向老师承诺不再迟到。
He ___________________ his teacher not to be late again.
2) —Why are you so happy?
—Because my mother promised ________ a computer for me.
A. to buy B. buying C. buys D. buy
4. To prepare for that day, he started a long and hard journey of training with his teammates. 为了为那一天做准备,他和队友们开启了一段漫长而艰苦的训练征程。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)prepare for 动词短语,意为 “为…… 做准备”,后接名词/代词/动名词。
e.g. We are preparing for the exam. 我们在为考试做准备。
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
e.g. She is preparing to give a speech at the meeting next week. 她正在准备下周在会议上发言。
拓展:同义短语:be/get ready for 为…… 做好准备
e.g. They are getting ready for the trip. 他们在为旅行做准备。
2)start v. “开始;启动”,start + 名词/动名词/不定式 “开始某事/做某事”,
如 start a journey(开启旅程)、start working(开始工作)。
常见搭配:start with “以…… 开始”
e.g. The party started with a song. 派对以一首歌开始。
拓展:同义词:begin,但 start 更强调 “动作的突然性或机器的启动”, begin更正式,侧重 “过程的开始”。
3)training 不可数名词,意为 “训练;培训”,由动词 train + -ing 构成。
搭配:a journey of training(训练征程)、receive training(接受培训)
动词形式:train “训练; 培养”,常见结构:train sb. to do sth. “训练某人做某事”。
e.g. She trains athletes to run faster. 她训练运动员跑得更快。
【及时练习】1)We are preparing for the exam. ( )
A. caring for B. getting ready for C. paying for D. looking for
2)In the football match, they started ________ the ball better in the second half.
A. pass B. to passing C. passing D. passed
3)为了比赛,他们开始了一段艰苦的训练旅程,每天都为提升技能做准备。(完成译句)
To _________ the competition, they started ________________ and prepared for improving their skills every day.
5. They trained, for example, to live in a small space, eat special space food, work under strong lights and go without showers. 例如,他们接受训练以适应狭小空间生活、食用特殊的太空食品、在强光下工作以及不洗澡。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)train to do sth. “接受训练去做某事”
e.g. The athletes train hard to win the competition. 运动员刻苦训练以赢得比赛。
被动形式:be trained to do sth. 被训练去做某事
e.g. Dogs are trained ___________ blind people. 狗被训练来帮助盲人。
拓展:类似结构的动词短语:learn to do(学习做)、 prepare to do(准备做)、plan to do(计划做)
2)live in + 地点 “居住/生活在某地”
e.g. They live in a beautiful apartment. 他们住在一套漂亮的公寓里。
拓展:类似 “动词 + 介词” 短语:work in 在…… 工作 stay in 待在……
3)without prep. “没有;不借助”,后接名词、代词或动名词。
拓展:与 with(有;伴随)构成反义
e.g. She left with a smile. 她微笑着离开。
→ She left without a word. 她一言不发地离开了。
without doing sth. 表示 “不做某事”
e.g. He went out without saying goodbye. 他没说再见就出去了。
【及时练习】 1)The driver stopped the bus without _______ twice.
A. think B. thinking C. to think D. thought
2)翻译句子:他没带伞就出门了。
__________________________________________
3)My grandparents _____________(居住在)a small town in the countryside.
6. They knew that they must always be ready, both in mind and body, for flying and working in space. 他们知道,他们必须在身心两方面时刻做好准备,以应对太空飞行和太空工作。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1) be ready for + 名词/代词/动名词:为…做好准备(强调准备的对象)。
be ready to do sth:准备好做某事(强调准备的动作)。
e.g. The team is ready for the match tomorrow. 球队已为明天的比赛做好准备。
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。
拓展:be ready “准备好;处于就绪状态”;get ready for:开始为…… 做准备(强调 “变得准备好” 的过程)。
2)both in mind and body “在身心两方面” (插入语)
拓展:both... and 可连接名词/形容词/动词/介词短语等,当连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. Both teachers and students _________ the activity. 老师和学生都喜欢这项活动。
3)in space 介词短语,意为 “在太空中”。in space 不加定冠词 the 是因为当 space 表示泛指的外层太空时,作为不可数名词且无需特指,属于固定搭配的零冠词用法,
而 in the space 则特指某个具体空间。
e.g. Astronauts live and work in space. 宇航员在太空中生活和工作。
We placed a lamp in the space between the bookshelves. 我们在书架间的空隙放了盏灯。
【及时练习】1) I want to be ________ astronaut and walk in _____ space some day
A. an; / B. an; the C. the; the D. the; an
2) You can ask anyone for help. Everyone _________ help you.
A. are ready for B. is ready to C. is ready for D. are ready to
3)Scientists are studying how to grow plants ____________(在太空中).
7. For nearly 25 years, Deng had no chance to fly into space. 近 25 年来,邓(清明)一直没有机会飞入太空。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)nearly adv. “几乎;差不多;将近”,通常用于修饰数词、副词、形容词或动词,它在句中的位置一般位于所修饰的词前。
辨析:nearly 与 almost 两者都表示 “几乎”,多数情况下可互换。
但 nearly 前可加 very/pretty/not 等词,而 almost 不可;
almost 可与any/no/none 等否定词连用,nearly则较少这样用。
e.g. Nearly/Almost all students passed the exam.几乎所有学生都通过了考试
It’s nearly 10 o’clock. We should go to bed. 快 10 点了, 我们该睡觉了。
3) have the/a chance to do sth. “有机会做某事”
其否定形式为 have no chance to do sth. “没有机会做某事”。
拓展:get a chance to do sth. 得到做某事的机会
give sb. a chance to do sth. 给某人做某事的机会。
by chance 偶然;碰巧
e.g. I met her by chance in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上偶然遇见了她。
Everyone should have a chance to follow their dreams. 每个人都应该有机会追逐自己的梦想。
【及时练习】1) It took them nearly 200 years to complete the building of this tower. ( )
A. Probably B. Hardly C. Almost D. Possibly.
2)这个项目花了将近三个月才完成。(完成译句)
The project took ___________ three months to complete.
3)我没有机会和我的朋友分享开心。 (完成译句)
I have no chance ________ _______ my happiness with my friends.
8. He kept training and always believed in his dream. 他坚持训练,并且始终坚信自己的梦想。 (教材P8 Activity 2)
1)keep doing sth. “持续不断地做某事 / 坚持做某事”,强调动作的持续性、重复性,不表示动作的一次性完成。
e.g. She keeps ___________ late every night. 她每天晚上都加班到很晚。
He keeps asking the same question. 他反复问同一个问题。
He keeps practicing the piano every day. 他每天坚持练习钢琴。
拓展: 否定形式:keep from doing sth. “避免做某事;阻止做某事”。
e.g. She kept from laughing at his funny expression. 她忍住没对他滑稽的表情笑出来。
2)believe in “相信; 信任”,后接名词/代词/动名词。
辨析: believe “相信(某事/某人的话是真的)”, 是及物动词, 后直接接宾语;
believe in “信仰、信任(某人/事物的存在或价值)”, 是不及物动词, 后接宗教、理论、人、原则等。
e.g. I will always believe in my family. 我永远相信我的家人。
She believes that hard work will lead to success eventually. 她相信努力工作最终会带来成功。
【及时练习】1) I ______________ he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
2) I ______________ him. 我信任他。
9. Finally, his hard work paid off. 最终,他的努力付出得到了回报。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)finally adv. “最终;终于;最后”,通常放在句首、句中或句尾。
拓展: 同义词组:at last 最终、in the end 最后。
e.g. At last, we arrived at the destination. 我们终于到达了目的地。
In the end, he decided to accept the job. 最后,他决定接受这份工作。
注意:finally 还可表示 “列举中的最后一项”,意为 “最后;此外”。
e.g. Finally, don’t forget to lock the door. 最后,别忘了锁门。
2)hard work 是名词短语,hard 此处为形容词,意为 “艰苦的;努力的”,修饰不可数名词 work “工作;付出”,表示 “辛勤的努力;艰苦的工作”。
拓展:·work hard 动词短语,“努力工作 / 学习”
e.g. He works hard every day. 他每天努力工作。
·hard-working 形容词,“勤奋的;努力的”,修饰人。
e.g. She is a hard-working student. 她是个勤奋的学生。
对比:hard work (名词短语, 作主语/宾语) 与 work hard (动词短语, 作谓语)
e.g. Hard work brings success. 辛勤的努力带来成功。(作主语)
We need to work hard for our dreams. 我们需要为梦想努力。(作谓语)
3)pay off 动词短语, “得到回报;取得成功”, 为不及物动词短语, 不接宾语。
e.g. All their efforts paid off. 他们所有的努力都有了回报。
pay off的其他含义:“还清债务”,此时可接宾语(债务名词)
e.g. He paid off all his loans. 他还清了所有贷款。
拓展:同义短语:work out 成功;有好结果
e.g. Everything worked out well in the end. 最后一切都很顺利。
【及时练习】1) All your efforts ________ if you try your best to achieve your goal.
A. pay off B. paid off C. is paying off D. will pay off
2) 勤奋的学生通过努力学习取得好成绩。(完成译句)
__________ students get good grades through ___________.
10. Deng succeeded by holding on to his dream and working hard for it. 邓清明通过坚守梦想并为之努力奋斗而成功。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)succeed 不及物动词, “成功;达成目标”,不直接接宾语。
e.g. Many people succeed by never giving up. 许多人因永不放弃而成功。若需表达 “在某方面成功” 或 “成功做某事”,需搭配介词 in:
succeed in (doing) sth. “在某方面成功” /“成功做某事”
e.g. He succeeded in passing the exam after months of study. 经过数月的学习,他成功通过了考试。
拓展:·名词形式 success “成功;成功的人/事” 。作不可数名词表示 “成功”这一抽象概念,作可数名词表示 “成功的人或事”。
e.g. Hard work leads to success. 努力通向成功。(不可数)
The project was a great success. 这个项目非常成功。(可数)
·形容词形式 successful “成功的”,搭配: be successful in (doing) sth.。
e.g. She is successful in her career. 她在事业上很成功。
2)hold on to 动词短语, “坚守;坚持;紧紧抓住”,后接名词/代词。
e.g. She held on to her dream of becoming a doctor and finally made it. 她坚守当医生的梦想, 最终实现了。
Hold on to your bag in the crowd. 在人群中抓紧你的包。
拓展:同义短语:stick to “坚持”,侧重 “不改变立场、计划等”
e.g. He sticks to his promise. 他坚守承诺。
keep to “遵守;坚持”,侧重 “遵循规则或计划”
e.g. Keep to your study plan every day. 每天遵守你的学习计划。
注意:hold on 单独使用时意为 “等一下;别挂电话 ”
e.g. Hold on, I’ll call him. 等一下,我去叫他。
【及时练习】1) 用 “succeed”“success” 或 “successful” 填空:
Her __________ came from hard work, and she ___________ in becoming a ___________ scientist.
2) 通过坚守梦想并努力工作,他成功实现了人生目标。(完成译句)
He ______________ achieving his life goals by _______________ his dream and working hard.
11. He sets an excellent example to us all. 他为我们所有人树立了一个优秀的榜样。(教材P8 Activity 2)
set an example to “为…… 树立榜样”
拓展:同义表达:set an example for “为…… 树立榜样”
e.g. Teachers set a good example for students. 老师为学生树立好榜样。
反义短语:set a bad example to 为…… 树立坏榜样
e.g. Littering in public sets a bad example to others. 在公共场合乱扔垃圾给别人树立了坏榜样。
相关表达:follow one’s example 以某人为榜样;效仿某人。
e.g. We should follow his example and work hard. 我们应该以他为榜样,努力工作。
【及时练习】我们的老师总是努力工作,为我们树立了好榜样。(完成译句)
Our teacher always works hard and ______________________________________ us.
12. His story teaches us that our dreams will one day come true as long as we keep going. 他的故事告诉我们,只要我们坚持下去,我们的梦想终有一天会实现。(教材P8 Activity 2)
1)teach 及物动词, “教;讲授;告诉;启示”。
常见结构:·teach sb. sth. 教某人某事
e.g. She teaches us English. 她教我们英语。
· teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
e.g. My dad taught me to ride a bike. 爸爸教我骑自行车。
·teach + 人 + that 从句 告诉某人某个道理
e.g. Life teaches us that hard work matters. 生活告诉我们努力很重要。
拓展:名词形式 teacher “教师”,指 “从事教学工作的人”。
e.g. Her mother is a math teacher. 她妈妈是一名数学老师。
短语:teach oneself “自学”
e.g. He taught himself to play the guitar. 他自学弹吉他。
2)come true 不及物动词短语, “实现;成为现实”,主语通常是 “梦想、愿望、目标” 等抽象名词,不能用于被动语态。
e.g. If you work hard, your dream will come true. 如果你努力,梦想就会实现。
拓展:同义表达:realize one’s dream 实现梦想,但 realize 是及物动词,主语通常是人。
e.g. She finally realized her dream of becoming a singer. 她最终实现了当歌手的梦想。
对比:梦想作主语:Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。
人作主语:She realized her dream. 她实现了梦想。
3)as long as “只要;如果”,引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用一般将来时(即遵循“主将从现”原则)或情态动词。
结构:主句(主句用一般将来时/情态动词/祈使句) + as long as + 条件从句(从句用一般现在时)。
e.g. You can succeed as long as you keep trying. 只要你坚持尝试,就能成功。
As long as you study hard, you’ll pass the exam. 只要你努力学习,就会通过考试。
注意:as long as 还可表示 “长达…… 时间”,后接时间段。
e.g. We stayed in Beijing as long as two weeks. 我们在北京待了长达两周。
【及时练习】1) —Hi, Zhang Peng. I hear that your pen pal Peter likes singing very much.
—Yes. I am going to teach __________ the Chinese song “Jasmine Flower”.
A. Our B. his C. him
2) ___________ we keep on trying, our dreams will come true one day.
A. As long as B. Even if C. In order that D. So that
3) 老师告诉我们,只要坚持努力,我们的梦想终会实现。(完成译句)
Teachers _______ us that our dreams will _________ as long as we _______ working hard.
Grammar in Use
1. Ziwen began to learn dancing at the age of 5. Her dream job is a dancer. 子雯 5 岁开始学习跳舞。她的梦想职业是舞蹈家。(教材P10 Activity 2)
1)began to 开始做某事 begin(原形)→ began(过去式)
辨析:begin to do sth. 与 begin doing sth.
begin to do sth. 强调动作的“开始”本身, 常用于一次性、具体动作或心理状态变化(如 understand, realize)
begin doing sth. 更强调动作的 “持续进行”或“习惯性”,暗示动作开始后会延续(如长期活动或习惯)。
(两者多数情况下可互换,但 begin to do 更强调动作的 “开始”)。
e.g. She began to study English when she was 6. 她 6 岁开始学英语。
They began playing football after school. 他们放学后开始踢足球。
延伸对比:start to do/doing 与 begin 类似,多数情况可互换,但:
start to do 更强调计划性动作的开始(e.g. She started to write a book.);
start doing 更侧重动作的即时性(e.g. He started running immediately.)。
2)at the age of 在…… 岁时
at the age of + 数字 (数字后不加 “years old”, 本身已包含 “年龄” 含义)。
同义表达:when + 主语 + was/were + 数字 + years old
拓展:位置灵活:可放在句首或句末,句首时需用逗号隔开。
e.g. At the age of 5, Lily began to play the piano. 莉莉 5 岁开始弹钢琴。
She learned to ride a bike at the age of 7. 她 7 岁学会了骑自行车。
简化表达:可直接用 “at + 基数词”
e.g. He started school at 6. 他 6 岁开始上学。
【及时练习】1) 玛丽五岁时开始弹钢琴。(完成译句)
Mary began ______________ the piano ____________ of five.
2) He started to swim at the age of five. (改为同义句)
He started to swim _________ he ___________ five.
2. Jim likes watching movies and he dreams of becoming a director one day. 吉姆喜欢看电影,他梦想有一天成为一名导演。 (教材P10 Activity 2)
看电影:watch a movie/movies see a movie/movies see/watch a film
dream of “梦想……” 固定短语,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing)。
时态变化:dream(原形)→ dreamed/dreamt(过去式 / 过去分词)
短语:dream about(含义相近,可互换,但 “dream of” 更强调 “具体的目标或愿望”,
“dream about” 可指 “模糊的梦境或想象”)。
e.g. She dreamed of traveling around the world when she was young. 她年轻时梦想环游世界。
They dream of a happy life in the future. 他们梦想未来有幸福的生活。
【及时练习】1) Jimmy dreams of _________ on the school basketball team.
A. playing B. play C. to play D. played
2) 他梦想成为一名科学家。(完成译句)
He ____________________________________.
3. I also hope to help people with their illnesses, so I would be very happy to be a doctor in the future. 我也希望能帮助人们治疗疾病,所以将来成为一名医生会让我非常开心。 (教材P10 Activity 3)
1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 否定形式:hope not to do sth.希望不做某事
hope to + 动词原形(不能用 “hope sb. to do sth.”,这是常见错误! 若表达 “希望某人做某事”,需用宾语从句:hope (that) sb. will do sth.)。
e.g. I hope (that) you will pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。
They hoped to finish the project on time. 他们希望按时完成项目。
【及时练习】—Your cousin hopes you ________ to her fashion show tomorrow.
—All right!
A. to come B. will come C. is going to come D. comes
2)help sb. with sth. “在某方面帮助某人”,sth.可以是名词/动名词。
同义结构:help sb. (to) do sth. “帮助某人做某事”,to 可省略。
e.g. She helps me with my homework. = She helps me ____________ my homework. 她辅导我做作业。
拓展:help oneself to sth. “请自便” (用于招待客人)。
e.g. Help yourself to some fruit. 请随便吃点水果。
help out 帮忙解决困难
e.g. He often helps out in the community. 他经常在社区帮忙。
【及时练习】用 “help...with...” 或 “help...(to) do...” 填空:
1)Tom often __________ his sister ________ her English.
2)Mom _________ me ________ clean the room every weekend.
3)illness n.“疾病;病”,指身体或精神上的疾病,是可数名词(复数:illnesses)。
常见搭配:have an illness 患病
拓展:ill adj.“生病的”,只能作表语(不能作定语)。
e.g. He is ill. 他生病了。(如不能说 an ill boy,但可用 a sick boy)
4)would be “会成为 / 会是” would 是 will 的过去式,此处用于将来时态的委婉表达或对未来的假设,语气比 will be 更委婉、不确定。
拓展:would 还可表示 “过去常常做某事”
e.g. He would walk to school when he was young. 他小时候常常步行上学。
5)be happy to do sth. 乐意做某事
同义表达:be glad to do sth. / be pleased to do sth.
e.g. She was happy to receive the gift. 收到礼物她很开心。
【及时练习】She missed school because of her ____________. 她因病缺课了。
4. He is interested in mountains, rivers, forests on Earth, as well as stars in space. 他对地球上的山脉、河流、森林以及太空中的星星都很感兴趣。 (教材P10 Activity 3)
1)be interested in (doing) sth. “对(做)某事感兴趣” 强调人的主观感受。
e.g. I am interested in playing basketball. 我对打篮球感兴趣。
He is interested in history. 他对历史感兴趣。
2)在地球上: on Earth/on the earth(大写时不用定冠词the)
拓展:注意大小写和含义的区别
表示 “在地球上”:on Earth(Earth 大写,强调地球本身);
表示 “到底; 究竟”:on earth(earth 小写,用于口语中加强疑问语气)。
e.g. Many kinds of plants grow on Earth. 地球上生长着许多种植物。
Where on earth did you find this old photo? 你究竟在哪里找到这张旧照片的?
3)as well as “也,还,以及”,用于连接两个或多个并列的成分(名词、代词、动词等),强调前者,相当于 “and”, 但语气更弱。
e.g. He likes math as well as physics. 他喜欢数学,也喜欢物理。
She is good at singing as well as dancing. 她擅长唱歌,也擅长跳舞。
语法特点:连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致(即 “就远原则”)。
e.g. Tom as well as his parents is going to the zoo. 汤姆和他的父母要去动物园。
拓展: 与 and 的区别
and 连接并列成分时无侧重,谓语动词用复数(连接两个主语时);
as well as 侧重前者,谓语动词随前者变化。
同义短语: along with;together with 用法与 as well as 一致。
e.g. She, along with her sister, likes dancing. 她和她姐姐都喜欢跳舞。
【及时练习】1) 根据提示完成句子:
My brother _______________________________ (对打篮球感兴趣).
2) 用 “as well as” 合并句子或填空:
She likes reading. She likes writing too. _____________________________
My father, ____________ my mother, ____________ (like) cooking.
5. He is very curious about the secrets of nature. 他对大自然的奥秘感到非常好奇。 (教材P10 Activity 3)
be curious about “对···感到好奇”
e.g. It is good to be curious about the world around you. 你对周围的世界感到好奇,这是件好事。
They are curious about the school life in China and other countries.
他们对中国和其他国家的学校生活感到好奇。
【及时练习】每个人都好奇那个模特为何缺席昨天的电视节目。(完成译句)
Everyone _________________ why the model was absent from the TV show yesterday.
6. Her friends and family are very proud of her. 她的朋友和家人都为她感到非常骄傲。(教材P11 Activity 3)
be proud of “为...感到骄傲/自豪”,后接名词/代词 /动名词。
proud adj.“骄傲的;自豪的” ,of 是介词 。
e.g. I am proud of my country. 我为我的国家感到骄傲 。
They were proud of winning the game. 他们为赢得比赛感到自豪 。
拓展:同义短语:take pride in ,pride n.“骄傲;自豪”。
e.g. She takes pride in her son. 她为她的儿子感到骄傲 。
= She ________________ her son.
反义短语:be ashamed of “为…… 感到羞愧;对…… 感到难为情”
e.g. He is ashamed of his bad behavior.他为自己的不良行为感到羞愧 。
【及时练习】(2024四川中考真题) —Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space
on April 25th, 2024. —We Chinese____________ it.
A. run out of B. take care of C. are afraid of D. are proud of
7. They think Zihan’s book will be a big success. 他们认为子涵的书会大获成功。(教材P11 Activity 3)
success “成功;成功的人/事” 。作不可数名词表示 “成功”这一抽象概念,作可数名词表示 “成功的人或事”。
e.g. Hard work leads to success. 努力通向成功。(不可数)
The new movie is a great success. 这部新电影大获成功 。(可数)
拓展:类似的抽象名词还有 failure “失败;失败的人/事” surprise“惊讶;令人惊讶的人/事”
pleasure “愉快;令人愉快的事” 。
e.g. It was a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
My parents will give me a surprise on my birthday. 我的父母会在我生日那天给我一个惊喜。
success 的动词形式:succeed , 常用搭配 succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事 ;
形容词形式:successful, 常用搭配 be successful in (doing) sth. 在…方面成功
e.g. He succeeded in passing the exam. 他成功通过了考试 。
= He _______________ in passing the exam.
【及时练习】She hopes to ________________ (success) in her career.
Developing the Topic
Oral Communication & Reading for Writing
1. She’ll learn how to take care of them and try to be their best friend. 她会学习如何照顾它们,并努力成为它们最好的朋友。(教材P12 Activity 1 B)
1)how to do “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构,在句中可作宾语、主语、表语等,此处作动词 learn 的宾语,表达 “做某事的方法”。
结构特点:疑问词(how/what/when/where/which 等)+ 不定式,整体相当于名词性短语,在句中起名词作用,可替换宾语从句。
e.g. She’ll learn how she should take care of them.
可简化为: She’ll learn how to take care of them.
拓展:what to do 做什么 when to start 何时开始 where to go 去哪里 which one to choose 选哪一个
e.g. He doesn’t know how to solve the problem. 他不知道如何解决这个问题。
Can you tell me what to buy for the party? 你能告诉我派对要买什么吗?
【及时练习】She wants to know how she can improve her English. (简化句子)
She wants to know ____________________ her English.
2)take care of “照顾;照料;负责”,相当于 look after。
拓展:take good care of 好好照顾 care for 关心;喜欢
e.g. My mother stays at home to take care of my little sister. 我妈妈在家照顾我的小妹妹。
3)try to do sth. “努力做某事;试图做某事”,强调付出努力去完成动作。
易混淆结构:try doing sth. “尝试做某事(试验一种方法)”。
e.g. He tried to open the door with the key. 他努力用钥匙开门。
He tried opening the door with a card. 他尝试用卡片开门。
拓展:try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 try again 再试一次
【及时练习】1) When mother is busy, I help take care of my little sister. (改为同义句)
When mother is busy, I help ________ _______ my little sister.
2)他们尽全力按时完成了工作。(完成译句)
They _____________________ finish the work on time.
2. He wants to help sick people and he will go to a medical school to achieve his dream. 他想帮助生病的人, 并且他会去医学院实现自己的梦想。(教材P12 Activity 1 B)
1)medical adj. “医学的;医疗的;内科的”
词源:由名词 medicine “医学; 药物” 加后缀 -al 构成形容词,(类似的词还有:nation→national culture→cultural 等)。
拓展:medical school 医学院 medical care 医疗护理 medical team 医疗队
e.g. My uncle works in a medical center. 我叔叔在一家医疗中心工作。
2)achieve one's dream “实现某人的梦想”, 可与 realize one's dream 或make one's dream come true 结构互换。
e.g. With hard work, you will achieve/realize your dream one day. 通过努力,你终有一天会实现你的梦想。
= With hard work, you will __________________________ one day.
【及时练习】If you keep working hard, you _________ your dream one day.
A. achieve B. achieved C. will achieve D. have achieved
3. I liked it a lot and became interested in planses. 我非常喜欢它,并且开始对飞机产生了兴趣。(教材P13 Activity 2)
1)a lot 副词短语,意为 “非常;很;大量地”,主要用于修饰动词。
注意:a lot of / lots of 形容词短语,后接名词(可数或不可数), 表示 “许多”。
e.g. He has a lot of/lots of books. 他有很多书。
拓展: 同义表达:very much
e.g. I like it very much. = I like it ________.
She loves her dog a lot. 她非常爱她的狗。(修饰动词 loves)
2)become interested in “开始对…… 感兴趣”,become是系动词,意为 “变得;成为”。
对比:be interested in 强调 “处于感兴趣的状态”, 而 become interested in强调 “转变为感兴趣的状态”
(强调变化过程)。
同义短语:get interested in “开始对…… 产生兴趣”
e.g. He ______________ interested in painting after watching an art show.
看了艺术展后,他开始对绘画感兴趣。
4. Now my dream is to design great planes for our country. 现在我的梦想是为我们的国家设计优秀的飞机。 (教材P13 Activity 2)
to do sth. 作表语, 不定式作表语时,通常表示具体的动作、将来的计划、目的或未完成的动作,常与表示 “愿望、梦想、目标、计划” 等的主语搭配(如 dream, goal, plan, wish 等)。
e.g. My goal is to learn English well this year. 我的目标是今年学好英语。
拓展:doing sth. 作表语,动名词作表语时,通常表示抽象的、习惯性的动作,或主语的本质内容、性质,常与表示 “爱好、职业、活动” 等的主语搭配(如 hobby, job, activity, fun 等)。
e.g. His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。
design... for... “为....设计”
e.g. They designed a poster for the campaign. 他们为这次运动设计了一张海报。
【及时练习】用括号内所给词的适当形式(to do 或 doing)填空。
1) My dream is ___________ (be) a scientist in the future.
2) Her favorite activity is ____________ (read) novels in the evening.
3) The plan for this weekend is ______________ (visit) the science museum.
4) His job is ______________ (repair) cars for people.
5. I know it is not easy to become a plane engineer, and I will meet a lot of challenges.我知道成为一名飞机工程师并不容易, 而且我会遇到很多挑战。(教材P13 Activity 2)
1)it's (not) + adj. + to do sth. 表示 “做某事(不)是…… 的”,其中 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to do sth.。
作用:避免句子头重脚轻 (当不定式短语较长时,用 it 代替其位置,使句子更平衡)。
e.g. It is easy to finish the homework in an hour. 一小时内完成作业很容易。
拓展: 同义结构转换:不定式短语作真正主语时,可将其置于句首。
e.g. To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。
= ________________________ English well.
2)meet challenges “遇到挑战;面临挑战”
常见搭配:face challenges 面临挑战 overcome challenges 克服挑战
e.g. Everyone will meet challenges in their life.每个人在生活中都会遇到挑战。
6. However, I will try my best to make my dream come true. 然而,我会尽我最大的努力让我的梦想成真。(教材P13 Activity 2)
1)however adv.“然而;可是;不过”,表示转折关系,通常放在句首、句中或句末,前后常用逗号隔开(不能直接连接两个句子)。
拓展:与 but 的区别:
however 是副词,转折语气较弱,位置灵活,前后需用逗号;
but 是连词,转折语气较强,直接连接两个句子,前面不用逗号。
e.g. I am tired, but I will keep working. 我虽然很累,但我会继续工作。
She is busy. However, she still helps me with my homework. 她很忙。然而,她仍然帮我辅导作业。
2)try/do one's best to do sth. “尽某人最大的努力做某事”
3)make ... come true “使…… 实现;让…… 成真”,come true 是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态。
拓展:realize/achieve one's dream = make one's dream come true 实现某人的梦想
e.g. He made his dream come true. = He ______________ his dream. 他实现了自己的梦想。
Wrapping Up the Topic
Project & Review
1. Soon after, I found a new job at a bookstore. 不久以后,我在书店找到了一份新工作。(教材P17 Activity 4)
soon after “稍后,不久以后”
e.g. Soon after, he sent me a book about Chinese culture. 不久以后,他给我寄了一本关于中国文化的书。
拓展:soon after 和 as soon as 都有 “一…… 就;不久之后” 的含义。
【及时练习】I will write to you soon after I finish my homework. (改为同义句)
I will write to you _____________ I finish my homework.
2. With shelves of books all around me, I really enjoyed my work. 周围都是摆满了书籍的书架,我真的很喜欢我的工作。(教材P17 Activity 4)
with shelves of books all around me 是 with 的复合结构,在句子中作状语,表示伴随。
with 的复合结构:with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。其中宾语通常是名词或代词,宾语补足语通常是 doing、to do、done、介词短语、形容词或副词。该结构常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
e.g. I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
With a lot of work to do, he can’t go out. 他有很多工作要做,不能外出。
He walked in the classroom with a book in his hand. 他走进教室,手里拿着一本书。
【及时练习】1)通过努力,他的梦想变成了现实。(完成译句)
__________________, his dream has turned into a reality.
2)北京作为有着悠久历史的中国的首都而闻名。
Beijing is famous for the capital of China __________________________.
单元语法
Suffix 后缀
1、 概念:后缀(suffixes)是加在词根或单词末尾的字母组合,能改变单词的词性或意义。其中,-er, -or, -ian,
-ist 是构成 “职业名词” 的常见后缀,用来表示 “从事某种职业或活动的人”。
二、常见职业后缀分类及用法
1. 后缀 -er:最常见的职业后缀
基本用法:加在动词后,构成 “从事该动作的人”,强调 “通过动作或技能谋生的人”。也可加在名词后,表示 “与该事物相关的人”。适用范围最广,尤其用于一般性、日常性或传统职业。
词根 / 动词
加后缀 -er
含义
teach (教)
teacher
教师(从事 “教” 的人)
work (工作)
worker
工人(从事 “工作” 的人)
farm (务农/农场)
farmer
农民(与 “农场” 相关的人)
play (玩耍/运动)
player
运动员 / 玩家(从事 “运动或游戏” 的人)
drive (驾驶)
driver
司机(从事 “驾驶” 的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数情况下读 /ə(r)/ (如 teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/,farmer /ˈfɑːmə(r)/)。
·是最基础、最常用的职业后缀,初中生接触的职业词汇中约 60% 用 -er。
2. 后缀 -or:与 “专业或特定领域” 相关的职业
基本用法:加在动词后,构成 “从事该专业领域工作的人”,语气比 -er 更正式,常与 “管理、技术、艺术” 等领域相关。部分词根因历史或拼写习惯,固定搭配 -or 而非 -er。
词根 / 动词
加后缀 -or
含义
act (表演)
actor
演员(从事 “表演” 艺术的人)
direct (指导)
director
导演 / 主任(从事 “指导” 工作的人)
govern (统治/管理)
governor
州长 / 管理者(从事 “管理” 的人)
invent (发明)
inventor
发明家(从事 “发明” 的人)
visit (参观)
visitor
参观者(从事 “参观” 行为的人)
operate (操作)
operator
操作员(从事 “操作” 技术的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数读 /ə(r)/ (如 actor /ˈæktə(r)/,director /dəˈrektə(r)/)。
·与 -er 的区别:-or 更强调 “专业性” 或 “特定领域”,而非单纯的动作执行者(如 actor 是 “专业演员”,而非随便表演的人)。
3. 后缀 -ian:与 “学科、场所或身份” 相关的职业
基本用法:加在名词后,表示 “精通某学科、在某场所工作或具有某身份的人”,其与 “学术、艺术、场所” 相关。部分词根需先变化拼写(如将 -y 改为 -i 再加 -an)。
词根 / 名词
加后缀 -ian
含义
music(音乐)
musician
音乐家(精通 “音乐” 的人)
library(图书馆)
librarian
图书管理员(在 “图书馆” 工作的人)
politics(政治)
politician
政治家(从事 “政治” 领域的人)
mathematics
/math(数学)
mathematician
数学家(精通 “数学” 的人)
history(历史)
historian
历史学家(研究 “历史” 的人)
Italy(意大利)
Italian
意大利人(具有 “意大利” 身份的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数读 /iən/(如 musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/,librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/)。
·强调 “领域专业性”,尤其适合 “学者、艺术家、场所管理员” 等职业。
4. 后缀 -ist:与 “技能、信仰或学科” 相关的职业
基本用法:加在名词或形容词后,表示 “精通某技能、信仰某理念或研究某学科的人”,常与 “艺术、科学、技能” 相关。含义更具体,强调 “专业技能或信仰”。
词根 / 名词
加后缀 -ist
含义
art(艺术)
artist
艺术家(精通 “艺术” 的人)
piano(钢琴)
pianist
钢琴家(精通 “钢琴” 技能的人)
science(科学)
scientist
科学家(研究 “科学” 的人)
typist(打字)
typist
打字员(从事 “打字” 技能的人)
拉丁语dent (牙齿)
dentist
牙医(研究 “牙齿” 的医生)
optimist(乐观)
optimist
乐观主义者(信仰 “乐观” 理念的人)
特点:
·发音规律:多数读 /ɪst/(如 artist /ˈɑːtɪst/,pianist /ˈpiːənɪst/)。
·与 -ian 的区别:-ist 更强调 “技能操作”(如 pianist 是 “弹钢琴的人”),而 -ian 更强调 “领域研究”(如 musician 是 “研究音乐的人”)。
三、总结:如何区分这四个后缀?
后缀
核心含义
适用场景
典型职业
-er
动作执行者
日常 / 传统职业(通过动作谋生)
teacher, farmer, worker
-or
专业领域从业者
管理 / 技术 / 艺术领域(正式职业)
actor, director, operator
-ian
学科 / 场所相关者
学术 / 艺术 / 场所管理(领域精通者)
musician, librarian, politician
-ist
技能 / 信仰相关者
技能操作 / 学科研究(技能专精者)
artist, pianist, scientist
四、易错点与特殊案例
1. 拼写变化:
重读闭音节:双写末尾辅音
e.g. run → runner swim→swimmer
辅音字母+y结尾:y→i +后缀
e.g. study → studier(❌ 错误,应为student)
2. 文化差异:
中文"家"可能对应不同后缀:
e.g. 科学家→scientist(-ist) 数学家→mathematician(-ian)
3. 不加后缀也表示职业的词
cook(烹饪)→ 本身可作名词 “厨师”(cooker 是 “厨具”)
nurse(护士)→ 直接表示职业,无需加后缀。
The Simple Future Tense 一般将来时
一、概念:一般将来时表示将来某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来经常或反复发生的动作。常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow、soon、later、next week/month/year、in a few days/months/years 等。
英语中最常用的两种表达形式是: will + 动词原形 和 be going to + 动词原形。虽然两者都可表示将来,但用法和语境有明显区别。
1. 由“助动词 will/shall + 动词原形”构成。表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。
在口语中,will 在代词后常缩写为’ll, will not 常缩写为won’t。
在疑问句中,主语为第一人称(I/we)时,常用助动词 shall。
肯定句:
主语 + will + 动词原形
e.g. She will go to the park tomorrow. 她明天要去公园。
否定句:
主语 + will not (won’t) + 动词原形
e.g. He won’t attend the meeting. 他不会参加会议。
一般疑问句:
Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
e.g.Will you come to my party? 你会来我的派对吗?
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形?
e.g.When will they leave? 他们什么时候离开?
2. 由“be going to + 动词原形”构成。表示打算、计划、意愿要做的事情或有迹象表明即将发生的事,也用来表示自然现象。
肯定句:
主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形
e.g. I am going to buy a new book. 我打算买一本新书。 It’s going to rain. 快要下雨了。
否定句:
主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形
e.g. She isn’t going to watch TV tonight. 她今晚不打算看电视。
一般疑问句:
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
e.g.Are you going to visit your grandparents? 你打算去看望祖父母吗?
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
e.g.What are you going to do this weekend? 这个周末你打算做什么?
二、will 与 be going to 的核心用法区别
维度
will + 动词原形
be going to + 动词原形
计划与否
强调临时决定或未提前计划的将来动作。
强调事先计划好、有意图的将来动作。
预测依据
表示无客观证据的预测
(基于主观判断、猜测)。
表示有客观证据的预测(根据迹象推断某事即将发生)。
特殊场景
用于意愿、承诺、请求、命令等情感或态度表达。
无此类情感表达,仅聚焦 “计划” 或 “迹象性
will与be going to两者可互换的情况:
在以下两种情况下,will 和 be going to 的区别很小,经常可以互换使用,意思上不会有太大改变。
情况
说明
例句 (will)
例句 (be going to)
1. 预测未来事件
(Prediction)
当预测未来会发生某事,且没有很强的“事先计划”或“即时决定”的意味时。
I think it **will** be sunny tomorrow.
I think it **is going to** be sunny tomorrow.
2. 表达意图
(Intentions)
当意图非常明确和坚定时,两者都可以用。用 be going to 计划感稍强,用 will 决心感稍强。
I **will** study harder next term.
(我下定决心要更努力)
I **am going to** study harder next term.
(我计划要更努力)
三、拓展:其他表示将来的结构
1. 表示位置移动的动词 go、come、leave、fly、start、meet、move 等,可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。
e.g. —When are you starting out? 你什么时候出发?
—I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天离开。
2. 一般现在时表示将来。
1)表示按计划要发生的事。例如:
e.g. The train leaves/arrives at 10:45. 火车 10 点 45 分开/到。
2)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. When she comes, I’ll tell her about it. 她来时我将把这件事告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨, 我将去动物园。
注意:There be 句型用在一般将来时中,其结构为:There will be .../There is/are going to be ...
e.g. There will be a meeting in this hall this afternoon. 这个厅今天下午有个会。
There is going to be an art festival next weekend. 下周末将有一个艺术节。
语法知识点小测:
一、后缀填空(根据词根和提示,写出对应的职业名词)
1. teach(教)→ ___________(教师) 2. act(表演)→ ___________(演员)
3. music(音乐)→ ___________(音乐家) 4. art(艺术)→ ___________(艺术家)
5. drive(驾驶)→ ___________(司机) 6. direct(指导)→ ___________(导演)
7. science(科学)→ ___________(科学家) 8. farm(农场)→___________(农民)
二、选词填空(用 will 或 be going to 的适当形式填空)。
1. Look at the dark clouds! It _________________ rain soon.
2. I _________________ help you with your homework this evening.
3. She _________________ be a doctor when she grows up.
4. —I forgot to bring my pen. —Don’t worry. I _________________ lend you mine.
5. We _________________ visit the science museum next Sunday. Would you like to join us?
三、单项选择(词汇辨析)。
( ) 1. —It's a good way _________ guide dogs to help blind people.
—I think so.
A.to train B.train C.training D.to training
( ) 2. Tony ________ his father because both of them are interested in ________ animals.
A.looks for, caring about B.takes after; caring for
C.takes up; caring for D.looks after; caring about
( ) 3. I ________ his party invitation, but I didn’t ________ it.
A.accepted, accept B.received, accept C.accepted, receive
( ) 4. The house is on fire. Many firefighters come to the house and try to ________ the fire.
A.put on B.put out C.put away D.put off
( ) 5. The building is on ________ fire. Call ________ police at once.
A.the; the B.a; a C./; the D./; /
( ) 6. Since you have ________ the tennis club, why not ________ the tennis match?
A.joined; join B.joined in; join in C.joined; join in D.joined in; join
( ) 7. —Why are you so happy?
—Because my mother promised ________ a computer for me.
A.to buy B.buying C.buys D.buy
( ) 8. The driver stopped the bus without ________ twice.
A.think B.thinking C.to think D.thought
( ) 9. I want to be ________ astronaut and walk in ________ space some day in the future.
A.an; / B.an; the C.the; the D.the; an
( ) 10. Students learn first-aid skills to ________ helping others in society.
A.get ready for B.be proud of C.keep clear of D.take care of
四、完成译句 (根据汉语提示,完成下列句子,每空一词。)
1. 他梦想有一天成为一名宇航员。
He _________ _________ becoming an astronaut one day.
2. 只要我们坚持努力,梦想就会实现。
Our dreams _________ _________ _________ as long as we keep working hard.
3. 我打算明天去图书馆借一些关于计算机的书。
I _________ _________ _________ borrow some books about computers from the library tomorrow.
4. 这位老师为学生们树立了一个好榜样。
The teacher _________ _________ _________ _________ the students.
5. 多亏了你的帮助,我通过了考试。
________ ________ your help, I passed the exam.
1. 他们正在为运动会做准备。
They are ________ ________ the sports meeting.
2. 只要你坚持努力,你的梦想就会实现。
Your dream will come true ________ ________ ________ you keep trying.
3. 我没有机会和我的朋友分享开心。
I have no chance ________ ________ my happiness with my friends
4. He started to swim at the age of five. (改为同义句)
He started to swim he five.
5. Sam will be happy to go on a trip with them. (改为一般疑问句)
Sam happy to go on a trip with them?
五、完形填空
Coffee shops are cool, but a newly opened one is known for its warmth.
Li Sha is one of seven hearing-impaired staffs (听障员工) in this coffee shop. With the help of a special food order app, it is 1 for these staffs to talk face to face with customers (顾客) when they order coffee.
As a hearing-impaired person, 2 others is always the main problem for Li. After finishing her college, she did many jobs like art teacher, dancer and driver. However, 3 of them could become a long-term one. Three years ago, once she heard a coffee shop needed baristas (咖啡师), she decided to ask for this job. 4 Li met more problems than she had expected when learning how to make coffee. She told herself not to 5 . After years of hard work, Li has learned how to make all coffee drinks. She can 6 teach other hearing-impaired staffs to make coffee with sign language (手语).
Now in Li’s shop, when she 7 coffee to customers, they start “saying” hello in sign language or with gestures. “I hope people can have more 8 and respect (尊重) for us. Every hearing-impaired person can make their dream come true,” Li wrote.
( ) 1.A.important B.possible C.necessary
( ) 2.A.talking with B.looking for C.caring about
( ) 3.A.all B.either C.none
( ) 4.A.So B.Because C.But
( ) 5.A.dress up B.give up C.stay up
( ) 6.A.even B.still C.hardly
( ) 7.A.leaves B.serves C.shows
( ) 8.A.understanding B.experience C.discussion
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空或填入一个适当的词。
We all know that the key to 1 [sək’ses] is hard work. However, there are some jobs which are 2 (easy) than others. Do you want to have a try?
How about making money out of your hobbies? Many 3 (fan) of computer games dream of making their fortune by 4 (play) games as a game tester. Student Nick Chen is one of them. “I’m mad about video games and my dream is to design games one day, and this is a great way to get 5 [ɪk’spɪriəns],” says Nick. “But it isn’t so easy as my friends think. You play the games before the pictures are really developed, and it 6 (take) you so much time to play them. And you have to do the same level of the game again and again to find any possible problem.”
Or perhaps you are more of an outdoor type? So how about earning your living and being famous 7 a human statue (雕塑)? Just put 8 a beautiful costume and then stand there completely still (静止的), until someone gives you some money. “It’s not easy to stay still hour after hour, 9 [ɪ’speʃəli] when a mosquito (蚊子) lands on your nose,” says Teresa Parks. “ 10 the smile you get can be really satisfying.”
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$