总复习 阅读理解精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第三册）

总复习 阅读理解练习 目录 Unit 1 1 主题词积累：节假日活动 1 练习 3 Unit 2 3 主题词积累：道德品质 3 练习 5 Unit 3 5 主题词积累：文化多样性 5 练习 6 Unit 4 6 主题词积累：地球与宇宙奥秘探索 6 练习 8 Unit 5 8 主题词积累：正确的价值观 8 练习 9 Unit 1 主题词积累：节假日活动 一、春节 / 新年（Spring Festival/New Year） 1. 传统习俗 贴春联 / 福字：paste Spring Festival couplets / Fu characters 包饺子：make dumplings 守岁：stay up late on New Year’s Eve 放鞭炮 / 烟花：set off firecrackers / fireworks 拜年：pay a New Year call / give New Year’s greetings 压岁钱：lucky money in red envelopes 2. 家庭活动 团圆饭：family reunion dinner 看春晚：watch the Spring Festival Gala 挂灯笼：hang lanterns 逛庙会：visit temple fairs 3. 文化寓意 辞旧迎新：bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new 吉祥如意：good luck and happiness 二、中秋节（Mid-Autumn Festival） 1. 核心活动 赏月：admire the full moon 吃月饼：eat mooncakes 家人团聚：family gathering 2. 文化表达 寄托思念：express longing for distant relatives 月圆人团圆：the full moon symbolizes family reunion 嫦娥奔月传说：the legend of Chang’e flying to the moon 三、端午节（Dragon Boat Festival） 1. 传统活动 赛龙舟：dragon boat racing 包粽子：make zongzi (sticky rice dumplings) 挂艾草 / 菖蒲：hang mugwort and calamus 2. 纪念意义 纪念屈原：honor Qu Yuan (a patriotic poet) 驱邪避灾：ward off evil spirits and disasters 四、国庆节（National Day） 1. 庆祝活动 升旗仪式：flag-raising ceremony 阅兵式：military parade 国庆假期：National Day holiday 旅游 / 观光：travel / go sightseeing 2. 爱国表达 爱国主义精神：patriotic spirit 庆祝祖国生日：celebrate the motherland’s birthday 团结与繁荣：unity and prosperity 五、圣诞节（Christmas） 1. 节日装饰 圣诞树：Christmas tree 彩灯 / 礼物包装：colorful lights / gift wrapping 圣诞老人 / 袜子：Santa Claus / Christmas stockings 2. 活动与祝福 交换礼物：exchange gifts 唱圣诞颂歌：sing Christmas carols 圣诞大餐：Christmas dinner 圣诞快乐：Merry Christmas 六、万圣节（Halloween） 1. 特色活动 化妆舞会：costume party trick-or-treat：不给糖就捣蛋（小孩扮装要糖果） 南瓜灯：jack-o’-lantern 鬼魂 / 幽灵装饰：ghost / phantom decorations 2. 文化元素 黑猫 / 蝙蝠象征：black cats / bats as symbols 万圣节前夜：Halloween Eve 七、通用活动场景（适用于各类节日） 1. 聚会与社交 举办派对：hold a party 邀请朋友：invite friends 拍照留念：take photos as memories 分享美食：share delicious food 2. 情感与祝福 充满喜悦：be filled with joy 温馨氛围：a warm and cozy atmosphere 表达祝福：send wishes / express blessings 难忘的经历：unforgettable experiences 八、环保与现代主题（新兴趋势） 绿色庆祝：green celebration（e.g., reduce waste） 线上祝福：send online greetings（e.g., via social media） 公益活动：charity activities during holidays 低碳出行：low-carbon travel 练习 The Juneteenth celebration, held every year on June 19th, is a reminder of the end of slavery in the United States. The freeing of slaves started with Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (解放宜言) on September 22, 1862. Emancipation means setting free from another’s power. When slaves were emancipated, they were made into free men and women. The Emancipation Proclamation became official on January 1,1863, but it wasn’t until two and a half year later on June 19, 1865, that the last of the slaves in Texas were freed. Some slaves stayed on the plantations, and kept on working. The difference was that they were now free workers, and were paid. But many more left the plantations, as they felt that this was the first step toward freedom. Some went north and others headed off to find family in neighboring states. It was a very insecure time for the former slaves as they tried to fit into a society that had previously only thought of them as slaves. The celebration of June 19th every year gave stability to the lives of the members of the black community as they established themselves. Soon the June 19th celebration was known as “Juneteenth”. However, towards the turn of the century, the Juneteenth celebrations began to die down. Young people didn’t feel the same connection with the emancipation of the slaves. During the time of the Depression many people moved into cities, and it was difficult for them to take time off to celebrate Juneteenth. Then, during the Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, Juneteenth celebrations gathered new strength. On January 1, 1980, the Juneteenth celebrations received status as an official state holiday in Texas. Since then several states have followed Texas in making Juneteenth a state holiday. Juneteenth is a time for African-Americans and others living in the community to get together and celebrate their freedom. But why is this celebration still important today? To many African-Americans, Juneteenth is as important as any country’s Independence Day. It is a celebration of freedom and togetherness. 1．What is the purpose of the Juneteenth celebration? A．To memorize heroes of the Civil War. B．To honor the liberation of the slaves. C．To celebrate the Independence Day. D．To bring African-Americans together again. 2．Why do many people left the plantations after they were free? A．They thought they were not well-paid. B．They wanted to find a safe place. C．They had no place to stay there. D．They thought it as the first step towards freedom. 3．What is the difference for the former slaves working on the plantations after June 19,1865? A．They were free workers doing a paying job. B．They became owners of the plantations. C．They naturally fitted into the society. D．They didn’t get real freedom. 4．When did Juneteenth celebrations become official in Texas? A．On September 22, 1862. B．On January 1, 1863. C．On June 19, 1865. D．On January 1, 1980. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．It took three years for all slaves to get freedom. B．Juneteenth celebrations have been popular all the time. C．African-Americans placed a high value on Juneteenth. D．Depression boosted the development of Juneteenth celebrations. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国六月节的由来、发展历程以及其对非裔美国人的重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Juneteenth celebration, held every year on June 19th, is a reminder of the end of slavery in the United States.(每年6月19日举行的六月节庆祝活动，是对美国奴隶制结束的一种纪念)”可知，六月节庆祝活动的目的是纪念奴隶的解放。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But many more left the plantations, as they felt that this was the first step toward freedom.(但更多的人离开了种植园，因为他们觉得这是走向自由的第一步)”可知，许多人离开种植园是因为他们认为这是走向自由的第一步。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some slaves stayed on the plantations, and kept on working. The difference was that they were now free workers, and were paid.(一些奴隶留在种植园继续工作。不同的是，他们现在是自由工人，并且有报酬)”可知，1865年6月19日之后，在种植园工作的前奴隶的不同在于他们是有报酬的自由工人。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On January 1, 1980, the Juneteenth celebrations received status as an official state holiday in Texas.(1980年1月1日，六月节庆祝活动在德克萨斯州获得了正式州节日的地位)”可知，六月节庆祝活动在德克萨斯州于1980年1月1日正式成为州节日。故选D项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To many African-Americans, Juneteenth is as important as any country’s Independence Day. It is a celebration of freedom and togetherness.(对许多非裔美国人来说，六月节和任何一个国家的独立日一样重要。这是对自由和团结的庆祝)”可知，对非裔美国人来说，六月节和任何一个国家的独立日一样重要。由此推知，非裔美国人非常重视六月节。故选C项。 When photographer Elizabeth Kahane’s husband asked where in New York they should live after their engagement in 1998, she had one clear wish: a view of the annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. “It’s so funny, looking back, why it was so important to me and why that was my answer. But trust me, it was,” said Kahane, who loves the parade deeply. The couple moved into a third-floor apartment on Central Park West. Its windows offered the perfect spot to watch and photograph the parade, which moves through Manhattan to Macy’s store on Thanksgiving morning. Kahane has filmed the event almost every year since, missing it just twice in over 25 years. Her new book Come Join the Parade features 160 of her photos. Her images show marching bands, cheerleaders, floats, and crowds of viewers. But the main attractions are the huge balloons. SpongeBob SquarePants looks down at people below; the Grinch glares ahead with his dog Max. These photos require what Kahane calls a “one foot in, one foot out” method. “You won’t get that shot of Kermit if you’re not hanging out the window,” she explained. For Kahane’s family, watching the parade is a tradition. She prepares by having the windows cleaned and ordering special food. When her son was young, she would invite his friends’ families over. She would take photos from a separate room, careful not to set a dangerous example for the children with her photography style. The parade began in 1924 when Macy’s workers, many new to America, celebrated the store’s new location. It has become a major TV event, with 28.5 million viewers last year. Even during COVID-19 in 2020, the parade continued as a TV-only show. Kahane’s photos capture changing popular culture, as new balloon characters join or replace older ones each year. “Photography can capture a moment,” she said. “It’s a point in time that won’t happen again”. 1．What did Kahane want in her home? A．A quiet location. B．A parade view. C．A larger space. D．A better price. 2．Why did Kahane choose this apartment? A．She loved city life. B．She followed her dream. C．She needed more space. D．She wanted city views. 3．What shows Kahane’s devotion? A．She risks for photos. B．She buys new cameras. C．She studies photography. D．She arrives very early. 4．What changes in the parade? A．The route gets longer. B．The food becomes more delicious. C．The balloons change yearly. D．The time starts earlier. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。摄影师卡恩因热爱梅西感恩节大游行，多年拍摄，其作品捕捉游行变化，展现流行文化更迭。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When photographer Elizabeth Kahane’s husband asked where in New York they should live after their engagement in 1998, she had one clear wish: a view of the annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade.(当摄影师伊丽莎白・卡恩的丈夫在1998年他们订婚后问她在纽约他们应该住在哪里时，她有一个明确的愿望：能看到一年一度的梅西感恩节大游行。)”可知，卡恩希望她的家能看到游行。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“When photographer Elizabeth Kahane’s husband asked where in New York they should live after their engagement in 1998, she had one clear wish: a view of the annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade.(当摄影师伊丽莎白・卡恩的丈夫在1998年他们订婚后问她在纽约他们应该住在哪里时，她有一个明确的愿望：能看到一年一度的梅西感恩节大游行。)”以及第二段“The couple moved into a third-floor apartment on Central Park West. Its windows offered the perfect spot to watch and photograph the parade, which moves through Manhattan to Macy’s store on Thanksgiving morning.(这对夫妇搬进了中央公园西大道的一套三楼公寓。从公寓的窗户可以看到观看和拍摄游行的绝佳位置，游行队伍在感恩节上午从曼哈顿出发前往梅西百货商店。)”可知，卡恩选择这个公寓是因为她追随了自己能看到游行的梦想。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“These photos require what Kahane calls a ‘one foot in, one foot out’ method. ‘You won’t get that shot of Kermit if you’re not hanging out the window,’ she explained.(这些照片需要卡恩所说的‘一只脚在里，一只脚在外’的方法。‘如果你不把身子探出窗外，你就拍不到Kermit的那张照片，’ 她解释道。)”可知，卡恩为了拍摄照片会冒险探出窗外，这显示了她的投入。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Kahane’s photos capture changing popular culture, as new balloon characters join or replace older ones each year.(卡恩的照片捕捉到了不断变化的流行文化，因为每年都有新的气球角色加入或取代旧的角色。)”可知，游行中气球每年都在变化。故选C。 Food Festivals: A Global Journey of Flavors From ancient traditions to futuristic innovations, food festivals worldwide celebrate the magic of cuisine. These events not only satisfy taste buds but also connect cultures through unique experiences. Below are four festivals that showcase this delicious diversity: Maple & Harvest Fair (Canada) Held every September in Quebec, this festival honors Canada’s farming heritage. Visitors pick apples in orchards, watch maple syrup demonstrations, and taste “poutine” (fries with cheese curds and gravy) . A “Green Kitchen” zone teaches kids to cook with seasonal vegetables. Free entry for children under 8. Chili Fiesta (Mexico) Each July in Oaxaca, this spicy event attracts chili lovers. Chefs compete to create the hottest sauce using local peppers like habanero and chipotle. Street markets sell handmade tortillas, while workshops teach traditional recipes. Due to extreme heat, attendees must carry water bottles. Book tickets online to guarantee entry—kids under 8 enjoy half-price admission! Royal Tea Festival (UK) Taking place in London’s Kensington Gardens every May, this elegant event celebrates British tea culture. Guests sip rare blended vintages and watch scone-baking contests. A museum tent displays 18th-century silver teapots and teacups. Tickets include a free porcelain souvenir cup. Robo-Food Expo (Japan) This Tokyo festival in November combines food with AI technology. Robot chefs prepare sushi in 60 seconds, while VR headsets let users “taste” digital dishes. Visitors can design custom candies via 3D printers. If you book robot cooking classes online, you’ll receive a 10% discount. 1．Which festival offers free admission to young children? A．Maple & Harvest Fair. B．Chili Fiesta. C．Royal Tea Festival. D．Robo-Food Expo. 2．Where can people learn about ancient tools used for serving tea? A．In Japan. B．In the UK. C．In Canada D．In Mexico. 3．What is special about Robo-Food Expo? A．Free farm activities. B．Tea-making workshops. C．Traditional chili competitions. D．High-tech cooking methods. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个美食节，包括加拿大的枫糖与丰收集市、墨西哥的辣椒节、英国的皇家茶节和日本的机器人美食博览会，这些美食节通过独特的体验连接了不同的文化，展现了美食的多样性。 1．细节理解题。根据Maple & Harvest Fair (Canada)部分的“Free entry for children under 8.( 8岁以下儿童免费入场)”可知，Maple & Harvest Fair为年幼的孩子提供免费入场。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据Royal Tea Festival (UK)部分的“A museum tent displays 18th-century silver teapots and teacups.(一个博物馆帐篷展示18世纪的银茶壶和茶杯)”可知，在英国的皇家茶节上人们可以了解到用于奉茶的古代工具。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Robo-Food Expo (Japan)部分的“This Tokyo festival in November combines food with AI technology. Robot chefs prepare sushi in 60 seconds, while VR headsets let users ‘taste’ digital dishes. Visitors can design custom candies via 3D printers.(11月在东京举办的这个节日将食物与人工智能技术相结合。机器人厨师能在60秒内准备好寿司，而虚拟现实耳机让用户“品尝”数字菜肴。游客可以通过3D打印机设计定制糖果)”可知，Robo-Food Expo的特别之处在于高科技的烹饪方法。故选D项。 Unit 2 主题词积累：道德品质 一、诚实与正直（Honesty & Integrity） 诚实待人：be honest with others 讲真话：tell the truth 信守承诺：keep one’s promise 言行一致：act in accordance with one’s words 正直的品格：a man of integrity 欺诈行为：dishonest behavior 伪造信息：fabricate information 二、责任感与担当（Responsibility & Accountability） 承担责任：take responsibility for 履行义务：fulfill one’s duties 对... 负责：be accountable for 推卸责任：shirk responsibility 责任感强的：responsible /duty-bound 公民义务：civic responsibility 团队担当：team accountability 三、善良与乐于助人（Kindness & Helpfulness） 乐于助人：be willing to help others 展现善意：show kindness /extend a helping hand 体贴他人：be considerate towards others 无私奉献：selfless dedication 慈善活动：charity activities 同情心：compassion /sympathy 人道主义精神：humanitarian spirit 四、宽容与理解（Tolerance & Understanding） 宽容差异：tolerate differences 理解他人观点：understand others’ perspectives 避免偏见：avoid prejudice 胸襟开阔：open-minded 化解冲突：resolve conflicts 换位思考：put oneself in others’ shoes 接纳多样性：embrace diversity 五、勇气与坚持（Courage & Perseverance） 勇于面对挑战：have the courage to face challenges 克服恐惧：overcome fear 坚持信念：stand by one’s beliefs 毅力与决心：perseverance and determination 半途而废：give up halfway 逆境中坚持：persist in adversity 勇敢的行为：brave deeds 六、谦虚与尊重（Modesty & Respect） 谦虚谨慎：modest and prudent 尊重他人：show respect for others 虚心学习：learn with an open mind 傲慢态度：arrogant attitude 礼貌待人：be polite and courteous 尊老爱幼：respect the elderly and care for the young 文化尊重：cultural respect 七、团队合作与公平（Teamwork & Fairness） 团队协作：team collaboration 公平竞争：fair competition 分享与协作：share and cooperate 自私行为：selfish behavior 按劳分配：distribute according to labor 遵守规则：abide by rules 集体利益：collective interests 八、环保与社会责任（Environmental Responsibility & Social Duty） 环保意识：environmental awareness 节约资源：conserve resources 减少碳排放：reduce carbon emissions 可持续发展：sustainable development 社会责任：social responsibility 公益事业：public welfare undertakings 生态保护：ecological protection 九、抵制不良行为（Resisting Unethical Behaviors） 抵制诱惑：resist temptation 反对欺凌：oppose bullying 拒绝作弊：refuse to cheat 腐败现象：corruption 道德底线：moral bottom line 正义之举：just actions 维护道德准则：uphold ethical standards 练习 The Community Health Volunteer Program in Congo (刚果) offers a two-week experience for volunteers devoted to improving public health in rural areas. This program focuses on promoting health education, basic medical care, and hygiene (卫生) practices among local communities. Volunteers work alongside local health workers, providing essential support in under-resourced clinics and community centers.Responsibility ·Participate in community members in health education meetings. ·Help in basic medical check-ups and record-keeping. ·Help give out health supplies and educational materials. Schedule Day 1(Sunday): Attend a training meeting. Day 2-13(Monday-Friday): Morning: Help community health clinics for 3-4 hours for health education and basic medical support. Afternoon: Spend around 4-5 hours weekly on planning and preparing health education materials. Day 14(Saturday): Explore local cultural sites or engage in community activities with fellow volunteers. Requirements ·The recommended age is 18-50. ·Basic knowledge of health and hygiene practices. ·Volunteers are expected to wear provided health uniforms. Service ·Shared airport transfers (换乘) are available on both arrival and departure days at specific hours. ·Share accommodations in a volunteer house. Private rooms are available for an additional fee. ·Three meals per day are provided. 1．What’s the main purpose of this volunteer program? A．To train local health workers. B．To provide free medical treatments. C．To improve rural community healthcare. D．To explore Congolese living conditions. 2．What is expected of volunteers on the fourth afternoon? A．Doing basic medical check-ups. B．Joining in cultural activities. C．Attending local health meetings. D．Getting ready for health education. 3．Which of the following is available for volunteers? A．Coffee and snacks. B．Free private houses. C．Round-trip air tickets. D．Medical working clothes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了刚果的社区健康志愿者计划，该计划为期两周，旨在改善农村地区的公共卫生。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The Community Health Volunteer Program in Congo (刚果) offers a two-week experience for volunteers devoted to improving public health in rural areas.(刚果的社区健康志愿者计划为致力于改善农村地区公共卫生的志愿者提供为期两周的体验。)”可知，这个志愿者计划的主要目的是改善农村社区的卫生保健。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Schedule部分“Day 2-13(Monday-Friday): Morning: Help community health clinics for 3-4 hours for health education and basic medical support. Afternoon: Spend around 4-5 hours weekly on planning and preparing health education materials.(第2-13天（周一至周五）：上午：在社区卫生诊所帮助进行3-4小时的健康教育和基本医疗支持。下午：每周花大约4-5小时规划和准备健康教育材料。)”可知，志愿者在第四天下午应该为健康教育做准备。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“Volunteers are expected to wear provided health uniforms.(志愿者需要穿着提供的健康制服。)”可知，志愿者可以获得医疗工作服。故选D。 The winner of this year’s Pritzker Architecture Prize, announced Tuesday, is Liu Jiakun. Liu is from Chengdu, Sichuan. His childhood was spent wandering the halls of the large brick hospital where his mother worked as an physician. “Sometimes when we were young, we would go to the roof of the building to see the whole city,” he recalled. From that high point, he said, he could look down over neighborhoods still filled with traditional wooden Chinese homes. After graduating in 1982, Liu worked at a state-owned architecture firm in Tibet but aspired to be a writer. “I had two identities,” he said. “One was as a worker in the architectural firm, and the other was doing my passion, writing.” These days, Liu said, he sees similarities between writing — he’s authored several books — and his practice as a designer of buildings and built environments. “What writing does for me,” he said, “is that it gives me more perspectives. Observations about society and human behavior. There are also vocabularies that are similar in architectural design and in literature. There are always beginnings and there are always endings. And then there are climaxes (高潮) and then there are always buildups (铺垫).” Liu also applies this vocabulary to busy public spaces. A 2020 exhibition dedicated to his work at the Savannah College of Art and Design included a room-sized model of West Village, as an example of what the organizer described as “translating traditional Chinese cultural ethos (精神特质) into contemporary architectural language.” The Pritzker jury, in its statement, applauded what it called Liu’s “respect for culture, history and nature, recording time and comforting users with familiarity through modern interpretations of classic Chinese architecture.” As one example, it cited a cleanly modern building Liu designed for the Novartis pharmaceutical company in Shanghai. Built in 2014, it summons ancient Chinese architectural design elements in its use of dramatic layered balconies. “I always aspire to be like water,” Liu wrote in his Pritzker statement. “To spread through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, which turns into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still keeps all the qualities of that place, both good and bad.” 1．What is the main influence of Liu’s childhood experiences on his work? A．His mother’s career in medicine. B．His fascination with natural landscapes. C．His early interest in modern skyscrapers. D．His exposure to conventional wooden Chinese structures. 2．Why does Liu compare architecture to writing? A．Both rely on modern interpretations of culture. B．Both create emotional bonds through narratives. C．Both involve narrative structures and aspects. D．Both depend on socio-historical insights. 3．What does Liu mean by “aspire to be like water” in the last paragraph? A．Buildings should fit naturally into their surroundings. B．Architecture should strictly follow local traditions. C．Buildings should use water as a central design theme. D．Architecture should emphasize fluid, water-like forms. 4．Which of the following best describes the core philosophy of Liu’s works? A．Technical and futuristic. B．Cultural and innovative. C．Literary and impractical. D．Commercial and devoted. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2023年普利兹克建筑奖得主刘家琨的建筑理念与成就，重点分析其童年经历、文学与建筑的关联性，以及其作品对传统文化与现代设计的融合。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“From that high point, he said, he could look down over neighborhoods still filled with traditional wooden Chinese homes.(他说，从那个高处，他可以俯瞰那些仍然充斥着传统中式木制房屋的社区)”可知，刘家琨童年时在屋顶俯瞰传统木制房屋的经历直接影响了他对建筑文化的认知。选项D“接触传统中国木制房屋”正确。干扰项A（母亲从医经历）、B（对自然景观迷恋）、C（早期对摩天楼的兴趣）均无文本支持。故选D。 2．推理判断题。第四段“‘What writing does for me,’ he said, ‘is that it gives me more perspectives. Observations about society and human behavior. There are also vocabularies that are similar in architectural design and in literature. There are always beginnings and there are always endings. And then there are climaxes (高潮) and then there are always buildups (铺垫).’(‘写作对我的意义在于，’他说，‘它给了我更多的视角。对社会和人类行为的观察。在建筑设计和文学中也有类似的词汇。总会有开始，也总会有结束。然后是高潮，然后是铺垫。’)”提到刘家琨认为写作与建筑设计在“叙事结构”上有共通点，如“开头、结尾、高潮与铺垫”，并强调写作提供“多重视角”。选项C“都涉及叙事结构与视角”准确概括这一关联。干扰项A（依赖文化现代诠释）片面；B（通过叙事建立情感联系）、D（依赖社会历史洞察）未直接对应原文关键词。故选C。 3．推理判断题。末段“‘I always aspire to be like water,’ Liu wrote in his Pritzker statement. ‘To spread through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, which turns into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still keeps all the qualities of that place, both good and bad.’(‘我一直渴望像水一样，’刘家琨在他的普利兹克奖声明中写道。‘在没有固定形式的情况下，在一个地方传播，渗透到当地环境和场地本身。随着时间的推移，水逐渐凝固，变成了建筑，甚至可能成为人类精神创造的最高形式。然而，它仍然保留了那个地方的所有品质，包括好的和坏的。’)”刘家琨以“水”比喻建筑应“渗入当地环境，保留其特质”。选项A“建筑应自然融入环境”正确。干扰项B（严格遵循传统）、C（以水为核心设计主题）、D（强调流体形态）曲解比喻内涵。故选A。 4．推理判断题。全文突出刘家琨的两大特质：文化性：第一段中“From that high point, he said, he could look down over neighborhoods still filled with traditional wooden Chinese homes.(他说，从那个高处，他可以俯瞰那些仍然充斥着传统中式木制房屋的社区)”提到融合传统木构元素，第五段中“A 2020 exhibition dedicated to his work at the Savannah College of Art and Design included a room-sized model of West Village, as an example of what the organizer described as ‘translating traditional Chinese cultural ethos (精神特质) into contemporary architectural language.’(2020年，他在萨凡纳艺术与设计学院举办了一场展览，展出了一个房间大小的西村模型，作为组织者所说的‘将中国传统文化精神特质转化为当代建筑语言’的一个例)”提到转化“中国文化精神”为现代建筑语言；创新性：第四段“‘What writing does for me,’ he said, ‘is that it gives me more perspectives. Observations about society and human behavior. There are also vocabularies that are similar in architectural design and in literature. There are always beginnings and there are always endings. And then there are climaxes (高潮) and then there are always buildups (铺垫).’(‘写作对我的意义在于，’他说，‘它给了我更多的视角。对社会和人类行为的观察。在建筑设计和文学中也有类似的词汇。总会有开始，也总会有结束。然后是高潮，然后是铺垫。’)”提到通过文学视角丰富设计，第六段中“The Pritzker jury, in its statement, applauded what it called Liu’s ‘respect for culture, history and nature, recording time and comforting users with familiarity through modern interpretations of classic Chinese architecture.’(普利兹克评审团在声明中称赞了刘家琨的作品，称其‘尊重文化、历史和自然，记录时间，并通过对中国古典建筑的现代诠释，以熟悉的方式安慰用户。’)”提到用现代形式诠释经典。选项B“文化的与创新的”全面概括。干扰项A（技术性与未来感）忽略文化内核；C（文学性与不切实际）、D（商业性与奉献）与文中“艺术追求”矛盾。故选B。 Isabel Crook, a Canadian educator and anthropologist (人类学家), spent over 90 years in China, making significant contributions to both English education and cultural understanding. Born in Chengdu in 1915 to Canadian churchman parents, Crook returned to China after completing her master’s degree in anthropology at the University of Toronto. Her life was deeply connected with China’s history and development. Crook is best known for her pioneering work in English language education in China. In 1948, she accepted an invitation from the Chinese Communist Party to teach at the Central Foreign Affairs School, which later became Beijing Foreign Studies University. She spent over six decades there, contributing to forming China’s first university English curriculum and training generations of English teachers. Her efforts helped lay the foundation for modern English education in China, earning her the title of “Lifetime Honorary Professor” from the university. Beyond education, Crook was also a devoted anthropologist. She conducted extensive field research in rural China, including in Xinglongchang in Sichuan and Shilidian in Hebei. Her books, such as Revolution in a Chinese Village, Ten Mile Inn and Xinglongchang, Field Notes of a Village Called Prosperity, offer detailed and intimate portraits of Chinese rural life during the revolutionary period. These works have provided valuable insights into China’s social transformation and have been influential in shaping Western understanding of China. Crook’s commitment to China extended beyond her professional life. She and her husband, David Crook, supported various social projects, including setting up clinics, schools, and scholarships for poor students. Even after retiring at the age of 66, she continued to contribute by returning to rural areas to support education and development initiatives. In recognition of her contributions, Isabel Crook received numerous honors, including the “Friendship Medal” from the Chinese government in 2019. Her life and work show the profound impact that a foreigner can have through devotion and service. Isabel Crook passed away in August 2023 at the age of 108, leaving behind a legacy of cultural exchange and mutual understanding. 1．What is Crook best known for in China? A．Writing books on China’s rural life. B．Founding rural clinics and schools. C．Paving the way for English education. D．Helping foreigners understand China. 2．What is the main focus of Crook’s anthropological works? A．Criticizing Western views on China. B．Rural life during China’s revolutions. C．English education initiatives in China. D．Promoting prosperity in Chinese villages. 3．Which word can best describe Crook? A．Ambitious. B．Determined. C．Adventurous. D．Devoted. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Isabel Crook: A lifelong contributor to China B．Isabel Crook: A Pioneer of China’s education C．Isabel Crook: An expert in Sino-Canadian culture D．Isabel Crook: An innovator shaping China’s future 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大教育家和人类学家伊莎贝尔·克鲁克在中国90多年为英语教育和文化理解做出的巨大贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Crook is best known for her pioneering work in English language education in China. (克鲁克最为人所知的是她在中国英语教育领域的开创性工作。)”可知，克鲁克在中国以开创英语教育之路而闻名。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Her books, such as Revolution in a Chinese Village, Ten Mile Inn and Xinglongchang, Field Notes of a Village Called Prosperity, offer detailed and intimate portraits of Chinese rural life during the revolutionary period. (她的著作，如《中国一个村庄的革命》《十里店》以及《兴隆场：一个繁荣村庄的田野笔记》，详细而深入地描绘了革命时期中国农村的生活。)”可知，克鲁克的人类学著作主要关注中国革命时期的农村生活。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Her life and work show the profound impact that a foreigner can have through devotion and service. (她的一生和工作展示了一个外国人通过奉献和服务所能产生的深远影响。)”可知，克鲁克是“奉献的”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Isabel Crook, a Canadian educator and anthropologist (人类学家), spent over 90 years in China, making significant contributions to both English education and cultural understanding. (伊莎贝尔·克鲁克是一位加拿大教育家和人类学家，她在中国度过了90多年，为英语教育和文化理解做出了重大贡献。)”可知，文章主要讲述了加拿大教育家和人类学家伊莎贝尔·克鲁克在中国90多年为英语教育和文化理解做出的巨大贡献。A选项“Isabel Crook: A lifelong contributor to China (伊莎贝尔·克鲁克：为中国奉献一生)”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Unit 3 主题词积累：文化多样性 一、文化认知与多样性基础（Cultural Awareness & Diversity Basics） 文化多样性：cultural diversity 多元文化社会：multicultural society 文化身份：cultural identity 文化差异：cultural differences 传统习俗：traditional customs 文化遗产：cultural heritage 民族特色：ethnic characteristics 二、文化交流与融合（Cultural Exchange & Integration） 文化交流：cultural exchange 跨文化沟通：cross-cultural communication 文化融合：cultural integration 吸收外来文化：absorb foreign cultures 传播本土文化：spread local culture 文化碰撞：cultural collision 兼容并包：inclusive and comprehensive 三、尊重与包容（Respect & Tolerance） 尊重文化差异：respect cultural differences 包容的态度：inclusive attitude 避免文化偏见：avoid cultural prejudice 文化敏感性：cultural sensitivity 平等对待：treat equally 接纳多元：embrace pluralism 文化相对主义：cultural relativism（指尊重不同文化的独特性） 四、文化保护与传承（Cultural Protection & Inheritance） 保护传统文化：protect traditional culture 非物质文化遗产：intangible cultural heritage 濒临失传的技艺：dying handicrafts 传承文化遗产：inherit cultural heritage 文化断层：cultural discontinuity 保留文化独特性：preserve cultural uniqueness 可持续传承：sustainable inheritance 五、全球化与文化多样性（Globalization & Cultural Diversity） 全球化背景下：in the context of globalization 文化同质化：cultural homogenization（如 “文化趋同”） 文化帝国主义：cultural imperialism 本土文化 vs 外来文化：local culture vs foreign culture 文化共生：cultural symbiosis 平衡传统与现代：balance tradition and modernity 六、文化符号与表达（Cultural Symbols & Expressions） 文化符号：cultural symbols（如中国龙、日本樱花） 传统节日：traditional festivals 特色美食：local cuisine 语言多样性：linguistic diversity 艺术形式：artistic forms（如戏曲、交响乐） 建筑风格：architectural styles 七、文化冲突与解决（Cultural Conflicts & Solutions） 文化冲突：cultural conflicts 误解源于文化差异：misunderstandings arise from cultural differences 文化适应：cultural adaptation 寻求共识：seek common ground 文化调解：cultural mediation 跨文化能力：cross-cultural competence 练习 Recently, a significant special campaign targeting the production and sale of fake and substandard meat products has been launched nationwide. This campaign, which is scheduled to last from April to December 2025, is an important measure taken by the government to ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. The campaign focuses on several key areas. First, it will closely examine producers to check if they use unqualified meat, expired ingredients, or excessive food additives in their products. Many consumers have been concerned about the safety of meat products, as some unscrupulous producers might try to cut costs by using low-quality materials. Second, food service providers, such as restaurants and food stalls, are also under the spotlight. The campaign aims to stop those who mislabel their meat products, for example, selling ordinary pork but claiming it is high-quality imported meat. In addition to the direct supervision of production and sales, the campaign also encourages the public to report any suspicious activities related to fake and substandard meat products. By doing so, the government hopes to build a comprehensive supervision system, combining official inspection with public participation. This way, the illegal behavior in the meat product market can be effectively cracked down on, and consumers can enjoy safer and more reliable meat products. 1．What is the main purpose of the special campaign? A．To increase the sales of meat products. B．To ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. C．To promote the development of the meat product industry. D．To help producers reduce production costs. 2．What will be examined about producers during the campaign? A．Whether they use high-quality packaging materials. B．Whether they have enough production equipment. C．Whether they use unqualified meat or excessive additives. D．Whether they have a good reputation in the market. 3．Why are food service providers targeted in the campaign? A．Because they often use too much food additives. B．Because they usually sell meat products at high prices. C．Because some of them mislabel their meat products. D．Because they don’t have proper food storage conditions. 4．How does the government want to build a comprehensive supervision system? A．By only relying on official inspection. B．By only depending on public participation. C．By combining official inspection with public participation. D．By increasing the number of inspection staff. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了政府发起全国专项行动，重点打击劣质肉类生产与销售，构建“官方+公众”协同的监管体系，保障食品安全和消费者健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This campaign, which is scheduled to last from April to December 2025, is an important measure taken by the government to ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. (该行动计划于2025年4月至12月进行，是政府为确保食品安全和保护消费者健康而采取的一项重要措施)”可知，该专项行动的主要目的是确保食品安全，保护消费者健康。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“First, it will closely examine producers to check if they use unqualified meat, expired ingredients, or excessive food additives in their products. (首先，将仔细检查是否使用了不合格的肉类、过期的原料、过量的食品添加剂等)”可知，检查针对的是生产者是否使用不合格的肉类或过多的添加剂。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The campaign aims to stop those who mislabel their meat products, for example, selling ordinary pork but claiming it is high-quality imported meat. (该行动旨在阻止那些在肉制品上乱贴标签的人，例如，销售普通猪肉，却声称这是高质量的进口肉类)”可知，食品服务商成为监管对象，是因为其中存在虚假标注肉类产品的问题。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By doing so, the government hopes to build a comprehensive supervision system, combining official inspection with public participation. (政府希望通过这样的方式，建立一个官方监督与公众参与相结合的全面监管体系)”可知，该体系通过将官方监督与公众参与相结合而建立。故选C项。 Italian cuisine may be one of the most recognized and loved in the world — often imagined as a collection of ancient recipes and local traditions preserved by skillful grandmothers over centuries. But now, a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old. Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine. Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, millions of people left Italy, a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options, emigrating to South America, North America and European countries. The Italians who landed on New York’s Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind. And it was in the “new world”, Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide. However, many Italians are not familiar with this history. They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy, passed down, unchanged, from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants. Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples, in the 19th Century it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. It was in America, says Grandi, that pizza became “red”. While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings, Italian immigrants to the US popularized pizza prepared with tomato sauce, a product that industrialization made easy to access and store. And it was in the US that pizzerias really started to take off. Scholars call this process “the pizza effect”: when a product leaves its place of origin, gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form. 1．What does Grandi challenge in his book? A．The role of Italian chefs. B．The history of Italian cuisine. C．The recipe for cured meats. D．The process of cheese production. 2．How did Italian immigrants contribute to the spread of Italian cuisine? A．By running Italian restaurants worldwide. B．By promoting food industrialization in Italy. C．By creating new recipes with local ingredients. D．By preserving ancient recipes through generations. 3．What does the underlined phrase “was synonymous with” in the last paragraph mean? A．Equaled. B．Removed. C．Caused. D．Exposed. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Migration of Italian Cuisine B．The Origin of the Pizza Effect C．The Secret of Traditional Recipes D．The Truths Behind Italian Cuisine 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位食品历史学家揭露了关于意大利美食的常见神话和虚假故事，指出我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史，并解释了意大利美食的发展历程以及披萨这一经典食物的起源和演变。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine.(格兰迪在他的新书《意大利美食并不存在》中声称，许多深受人们喜爱的食谱以及像奶酪或腌肉这类产品拥有数百年历史的这一观点纯属幻想。大多数菜肴的历史比大多数人想象的要短。)”可知，Grandi在他的书中对意大利美食的历史提出了质疑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“And it was in the “new world”, Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide.(格兰迪认为，正是在‘新大陆’，意大利移民获得了财富和食材，从而创造出了那些最终让意大利美食在全世界得以推广的食谱。)”可知，意大利移民通过使用当地食材创造新食谱来促进意大利美食的传播。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples, in the 19th Century it was synonymous with poverty and dirt.(披萨就是这方面最著名的例子。19 世纪时，披萨诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，那时它was synonymous with贫穷与脏乱。)”可知，披萨在19世纪诞生于那不勒斯，是一种廉价的街头食品，结合常识，廉价的街头食品与贫困和肮脏是等同的概念。由此可知，was synonymous with意思是“等同于”，与A选项“Equaled（等同于）”意思一致。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old.(一位食品历史学家正在揭露常见的神话和虚假故事，他认为我们所知道的意大利美食只有几十年的历史。)”，接着下文详细介绍了意大利美食的历史以及披萨这一经典食物的起源和演变，由此可知，本文主要是讲述意大利美食背后的真相，所以选项D“The Truths Behind Italian Cuisine”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。 Whoever says fast food is unhealthy for the body and the environment hasn’t been introduced to Sweetgreen, a chain restaurant committed to changing how we view food production, consumption and waste. In short, Sweetgreen represents a new era of fast food — one that focuses on healthy ingredients (原料) and local community. It began August 1, 2007 when three recent college graduates launched the flagship location in Washington D．C． Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option. Every step along the 16-year journey has been focused on one central principle. The company explains in its mission statement, “Our core values guide our actions and we aim to empower our customers, team members and partners to be a positive force on the food system. That’s why we’re building a transparent (透明的) supply network.” Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company. At the top of the list of items customers can expect is fresh ingredients that are locally sourced and organic whenever possible. Even with that goal in mind, the words “organic” and “local” were recently removed from the menu in an effort to honor full transparency in instances where ingredients may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic. To provide localized information, Sweetgreen restaurants post a source board. Online, customers can see specials that highlight local fare, such as Lobster Roll Salad in Boston, Garlic Chili Shrimp Bowl in Houston and Citrus Shrimp and Avocado in Miami. In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown. The company also looks for agricultural operations that rely on regenerative farming practices that benefit the environment and Sweetgreen customers. By cooperating with local farmers who prioritize water conservation, the use of renewable energy and organic methods, etc., Sweetgreen calculates a 50% reduction in the footprint that comes from previous suppliers. “At Sweetgreen, we have a saying: the choices we make about what we eat, where it comes from, and how it’s prepared have a direct and powerful impact on the health of individuals, communities and the environment. Today, with the future of the planet at risk, these words have never rang more true,” said the company. 1．What problem about food did Sweetgreen aim to solve initially? A．The complex process of production. B．The time-consumption of packaging. C．The trade-off between quality and accessibility. D．The high costs between transportation and sale. 2．Why did Sweetgreen remove the words “organic” and “local” from its menu? A．To cut food sourcing expenses. B．To promote local fresh specials. C．To simplify the menu readability. D．To highlight the central principle. 3．Which word can best describe Sweetgreen? A．Conservative. B．Conventional. C．Innovative. D．Invariable. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Sweetgreen: Popularizing Fast-Food Restaurants B．Sweetgreen: Pioneering Sustainable Food Practices C．Sweetgreen: The New Approach to Organic Farming D．Sweetgreen: Transparent Supply and Community Focus 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了专注于健康食材和当地社区的连锁快餐店Sweetgreen。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option.(他们厌倦了必须在慢速但健康的食物和快速但不健康的食物之间做出选择，他们承诺提供高质量和方便的食物作为更好的选择)”可知，他们厌倦了必须在“健康但耗时”和“快捷但不健康”之间作出选择，所以Sweetgreen最初旨在解决质量和便捷之间的权衡，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company.(因此，透明性是公司的基础)”和第四段中“Even with that goal in mind, the words “organic” and “local” were recently removed from the menu in an effort to honor full transparency in instances where ingredients may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic.(即使考虑到这一目标，“有机”和“本地”这两个词最近也从菜单上删除了，以确保在食材可能从更远的地方运输或来自非官方认可的有机农场的情况下完全透明)”可知，Sweetgreen移除“有机”和“本地”标签是为了在食材来源不符合标准时保持完全透明，这与其核心原则“透明性”一致，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“That’s why we’re building a transparent (透明的) supply network.(这就是为什么我们要建立一个透明的供应网络)”和倒数第二段“In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown. The company also looks for agricultural operations that rely on regenerative farming practices that benefit the environment and Sweetgreen customers. By cooperating with local farmers who prioritize water conservation, the use of renewable energy and organic methods, etc., Sweetgreen calculates a 50% reduction in the footprint that comes from previous suppliers.(为了保护环境，Sweetgreen专注于选择本地采购和可持续发展的食品。该公司还寻找依靠可再生农业实践的农业运营，这有利于环境和Sweetgreen的客户。通过与优先考虑节水、使用可再生能源和有机方法等的当地农民合作，Sweetgreen计算出来自以前供应商的足迹减少了50%)”可知，Sweetgreen建立透明供应链，并寻求环保合作，均是创新举措，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Whoever says fast food is unhealthy for the body and the environment hasn’t been introduced to Sweetgreen, a chain restaurant committed to changing how we view food production, consumption and waste.(那些说快餐对身体和环境不健康的人还没有听说过Sweetgreen，这家连锁餐厅致力于改变我们对食物生产、消费和浪费的看法)”和倒数第二段中“In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown.(为了保护环境，Sweetgreen专注于选择本地采购和可持续发展的食品)”可知，文章主要介绍了专注于健康食材和当地社区的连锁快餐店Sweetgreen，B项“Sweetgreen：开拓可持续食品实践”最适合作为标题。故选B。 Unit 4 主题词积累：地球与宇宙奥秘探索 一、宇宙与天文基础（Cosmology & Astronomy Basics） 宇宙：universe 太空：space 星系：galaxy 恒星：star 行星：planet 卫星：satellite 黑洞：black hole 暗物质：dark matter 光年：light-year 宇宙大爆炸：Big Bang theory 二、宇宙探索与航天（Space Exploration & Astronautics） 太空探索：space exploration 航天科技：space technology 航天器：spacecraft 火箭：rocket 宇航员：astronaut 国际空间站：International Space Station (ISS) 探测器：probe 登月：moon landing 太空望远镜：space telescope 三、地球科学与自然奥秘（Earth Science & Natural Mysteries） 地球科学：earth science 地质构造：geological structure 板块运动：plate tectonics 气候变化：climate change 生态系统：ecosystem 自然资源：natural resources 极地探索：polar exploration 深海奥秘：deep-sea mysteries 地震与火山：earthquakes and volcanoes 四、科技与观测工具（Technology & Observation Tools） 射电望远镜：radio telescope 哈勃望远镜：Hubble Space Telescope 人工智能：artificial intelligence (AI) 遥感技术：remote sensing 卫星导航：satellite navigation 数据建模：data modeling 虚拟现实：virtual reality (VR) 五、探索意义与挑战（Significance & Challenges of Exploration） 寻找地外生命：search for extraterrestrial life 太空垃圾：space debris 可持续探索：sustainable exploration 资源枯竭：resource depletion 人类命运共同体：a community with a shared future for mankind 科学突破：scientific breakthroughs 技术限制：technical limitations 六、天文现象与理论（Astronomical Phenomena & Theories） 日食 / 月食：solar/lunar eclipse 彗星：comet 流星 / 陨石：meteor/meteorite 星云：nebula 相对论：theory of relativity 量子力学：quantum mechanics 宜居星球：habitable planet 七、科幻与未来探索（Science Fiction & Future Exploration） 科幻小说：science fiction (sci-fi) 星际旅行：interstellar travel 外星文明：extraterrestrial civilization 太空殖民：space colonization 时间旅行：time travel 戴森球：Dyson sphere（设想中的恒星能量收集装置） 练习 On the early morning of November 4, Beijing time, with the familiar report, Shenzhou 18 astronauts Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu safely returned to Earth. At 1:24 on the same day, Shenzhou 18 manned spacecraft return module successfully landed in the Dongfeng landing field, concluding a six-month mission onboard the Tiangong space station. The on-site medical supervision and medical insurance personnel confirmed that the astronauts Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu are in good health, Shenzhou 18 manned mission was a complete success. What’s your first meal back on Earth? According to CCTV, the three astronauts ordered chicken custard. In addition, the staff also prepared beef noodles, soy sauce beef, radish mutton stew, shredded potatoes, broccoli, pickled mustard, small cakes, small steamed bread, millet porridge, small tomatoes, cantaloupe, grapes. According to the latest news, the crew of astronauts who successfully completed the manned mission of Shenzhou 18 arrived safely in Beijing by plane on November 4. Space station application and development phase flight mission headquarters leaders to the airport to meet. After arriving in Beijing, the three astronauts will enter a period of isolation and recovery, undergo a comprehensive medical examination and health assessment, and arrange for rest and recuperation. After that, they will meet with the media in Beijing. According to the statistics of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the three astronauts stayed in orbit for 192 days, carried out two extravehicular activities (出舱活动), set a new record for a single extravehicular activity of Chinese astronauts, and completed the installation of space debris protection devices on the space station and several cargo extravehicular missions. The installation, commissioning, maintenance and repair of the equipment inside and outside the module have been carried out successively, accumulating valuable data and experience for the long-term stable operation of the space station in orbit. At the same time, with the close cooperation of researchers on the ground, a large number of space science experiments involving basic microgravity (微重力) physics, space material science, space life science, space medicine, space technology and other fields have been completed. 1．How were the astronauts after landing? A．They were all in good health. B．They were not in the best of health. C．One of them was not in the best of health. D．Not mentioned in the text. 2．What did the three astronauts eat for their first meal when they returned to Earth? A．Egg custard. B．Beef noodles. C．Millet congee. D．Cherry tomato. 3．When will they be interviewed by the media? A．After their return to Beijing. B．After the quarantine period resumes. C．After a thorough physical examination. D．After recuperating. 4．What can we learn from China’s space achievements so far? A．We can put safeguards on the space station. B．We only have two cargo flights. C．We have carried out on-board commissioning work. D．We still can’t do space life science. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了北京时间11月4日凌晨，神舟十八号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆，介绍了宇航员完成任务返回地球的过程、健康状况、返回后的第一餐安排、后续计划以及中国在航天领域取得的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The on-site medical supervision and medical insurance personnel confirmed that the astronauts Ye Guang-fu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu are in good health, Shenzhou 18 manned mission was a complete success.(现场医监医保人员证实，航天员叶光富、李聪和李广苏身体状况良好，神舟18号载人飞行任务圆满成功)”可知，现场医监医保人员确认航天员们身体状态良好，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What’s your first meal back on Earth? According to CCTV, the three astronauts ordered chicken custard(你们回到地球后的第一餐是什么？据央视报道，三位航天员点的是鸡蛋羹)”可知，据央视报道，3名航天员返回地球后吃的第一餐都是鸡蛋羹。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After arriving in Beijing, the three astronauts will enter a period of isolation and recovery, undergo a comprehensive medical examination and health assessment, and arrange for rest and recuperation. After that, they will meet with the media in Beijing.(抵达北京后，三名航天员将进入隔离恢复期，进行全面体检和健康评估，并安排休息和休养。之后，他们将在北京会见媒体)”可知，媒体采访在休养结束后进行。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“completed the installation of space debris protection devices on the space station and several cargo extravehicular missions(完成了空间站空间碎片防护装置的安装和若干次货物舱外任务)”可知，空间站安装了防护装置。故选A。 Releasing tiny metal rods (金属棒) into Mars’ atmosphere could warm the planet enough to melt water and support microbial life. Scientists at the University of Chicago aim to find a way to make Mars suitable for humans to live. So it is crucial to raise its surface temperature. Some people have suggested putting mirrors above Mars’ surface or pumping methane (甲) into its atmosphere, but these ideas are difficult to apply because the raw materials required would need to be sent from Earth. Now, Edwin Kite and his colleagues have found relatively small dust clouds made from iron or aluminium (铝) rods taken from rocks on Mars could warm the planet in a period of a few months or over a decade, depending on how quickly the particles are released. These metal rods could be carried by wind from the surface to Mars’ upper atmosphere, where they would then remain for around a decade, trapping heat from below and allowing more sunlight through. Kite and his team modeled how the rods responded to light and then fed this information into climate simulations (模拟), which showed that the increase in temperature and pressure would be enough for parts of Mars to sustain liquid water and potentially oxygen-producing bacteria. They also found that this warming would only need the rods to be released at a rate equal to that of water flowing through about 30 garden taps, amounting to a total of 700,000 cubic metres of metal per year to achieve the required warming, or around 1 percent of Earth's metal production.   “According to our plan, we found a surprisingly small amount of engineered dust would be required, much less than the amount of engineered greenhouse gases required if you wanted the same amount of warming,” says Kite. “But it would still be challenging to dig large holes in the ground to collect iron or aluminium from Mars.” “One uncertainty in the simulations is how the tiny rods might interact with water in Mars’ atmosphere. Water can form a group with the dust and fall back to the surface as rain, reducing the warming,” says Manoj Joshi at the University of East Anglia, UK. 1．What do the scientists at the University of Chicago try to do? A．To make Mars habitable. B．To change Mars’ landscape. C．To send raw materials to Mars. D．To find microbial life on Mars. 2．What can the metal rods do? A．Help clean Mars’ atmosphere. B．Better expose Mars’ surface to the sun. C．Collect particles from Mars’ rocks. D．Keep Mars’ upper atmosphere cold. 3．What is the difficulty of the plan according to Kite? A．Sustaining liquid water on Mars’ surface. B．Mining for needed metal materials on Mars. C．Producing a large amount of water on lars. D．Releasing engineered greenhouse gases into Mars’ atmosphere. 4．What is Manoi Joshi’s attitude towards the plan? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Serious. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家提出通过将微小的金属棒释放到火星大气中提升火星温度，使火星适合人类居住。解释了这种金属棒的工作原理以及人们对此的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at the University of Chicago aim to find a way to make Mars suitable for humans to live.(芝加哥大学的科学家们旨在找到一种使火星适合人类居住的方法)”可知，芝加哥大学的科学家们试图使火星适宜居住。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“These metal rods could be carried by wind from the surface to Mars’ upper atmosphere, where they would then remain for around a decade, trapping heat from below and allowing more sunlight through.(这些金属棒可以被风从火星表面带到上层大气，然后在那里停留大约十年，从下面吸收热量，让更多的阳光通过)”可知，金属棒能更好地把火星表面暴露在太阳下。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it would still be challenging to dig large holes in the ground to collect iron or aluminium from Mars.(但在地面上挖大洞从火星上收集铁或铝仍然是一项挑战)”可知，根据凯特的说法，这个计划的难度是在火星上开采所需的金属材料。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““One uncertainty in the simulations is how the tiny rods might interact with water in Mars’ atmosphere. Water can form a group with the dust and fall back to the surface as rain, reducing the warming,” says Manoj Joshi at the University of East Anglia, UK.(英国东安格利亚大学的Manoj Joshi说：‘模拟中的一个不确定因素是这些小棒如何与火星大气中的水相互作用。水可以与灰尘形成一团，并以雨的形式落回地面，从而减少变暖。’)”可知，Manoi Joshi对这个计划的态度是怀疑的。故选B。 Planetary geoarchaeology (地质考古学), the study of how cultural and natural processes on Earth’s moon, on Mars, and throughout the solar system may be changing, preserving, or erasing the material record of space exploration, has been proposed by two researchers from the Kansas Geological Survey at the University of Kansas and their colleagues as a new scientific subfield. “Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid-20th century as relatively safe, "said Justin Holcomb, researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co-author, Rolfe Mandel. How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. “We feel that all material currently existing on extraterrestrial (地球外的) surfaces is space heritage and worthy of protection, ”Holcomb said. “However, some sites,  such as the very first footprints on the moon represent the material footprint of a long history of migration. ”Beyond those“firsts”, making decisions on a case-by-case basis will be necessary to sort through the tens of thousands of pieces of debris (残骸) now in orbit or dropped across the surfaces of the moon and Mars, which many people refer to as “trash” but Holcomb and his colleagues see as heritage. Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” 1．Why has planetary geoarchaeology been proposed? A．To protect space heritage. B．To study the solar system. C．To resist space exploration. D．To found a scientific field. 2．What do we know about the material record of space? A．It threatens the movement of people into space. B．It is the main focus of the ODYSSEY Program. C．It shows the whole process of human migration. D．It is not as safe as expected in the new space era. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The methods of classifying space trash. B．The first footprints on the moon and Mars. C．The question of planetary geoarchaeologists. D．The discussion on identifying space heritage. 4．What does Holcomb suggest other geoarchaeologists do? A．Learn from scientists like him. B．Lead upcoming NASA missions. C．Participate in space exploration. D．Ensure the security of astronauts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了行星地质考古学这一新兴科学子领域，包括其提出的原因、太空物质记录的现状、对太空遗产的识别讨论以及对地质考古学家参与太空任务的期望。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段最后Justin Holcomb所说的“However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era. (然而，如果在新的太空时代没有给予足够的关注，目前月球上现存的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险。)”以及第三段“Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co-author, Rolfe Mandel. (将地质考古学的工具和方法应用于人类进入太空和太阳系的活动，是对地球上人类迁徙研究的自然延伸，这也是由霍尔科姆的合著者罗尔夫・曼德尔指导的奥德赛考古研究项目的重点。)”可知，当前月球上的物质记录在新太空时代面临被破坏的风险，而行星地质考古学旨在通过应用地质考古工具和方法来保护这些太空遗产，所以行星地质考古学被提出是为了保护太空遗产。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段““Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid-20th century as relatively safe, "said Justin Holcomb, researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” (堪萨斯地质调查局的研究员贾斯汀・霍尔科姆说：“直到最近，我们或许还认为20世纪中叶太空竞赛期间留下的物质相对安全。然而，如果在新的太空时代没有给予足够关注，目前月球上现存的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险。”)”可知，在新的太空时代，原本被认为相对安全的月球上的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险，即它不像以前认为的那样安全。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，第四段首句“How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. (行星地质考古学家将如何确定一件物品是否值得保存，这是一个悬而未决的问题。)”提出了行星地质考古学家如何确定一个物品是否值得保存这一问题，接着阐述了他们认为地球外表面现存的所有物质都是太空遗产且值得保护，还举例说明了月球上的第一批脚印等情况，以及对于轨道上和月球、火星表面的残骸需要逐案做出决策，这些内容都是围绕如何识别太空遗产展开讨论的。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” (霍尔科姆认为，地质考古学家应该参与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）即将开展的任务，以确保太空历史的安全与保存。至于他自己是否会参与太空任务呢？“我会把这个机会留给其他地质考古学家，”霍尔科姆说，“地球上有很多事情要做，但我确实希望在一切结束之前看到有考古学家进入太空。”)”可知，Holcomb认为地质考古学家应该参与即将到来的美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的任务，他自己不参与，希望看到其他地质考古学家参与太空任务。故选C项。 Unit 5 主题词积累：正确的价值观 一、道德与伦理（Morality & Ethics） 道德准则：moral standards 伦理责任：ethical responsibility 诚信：integrity 正义：justice 良知：conscience 责任感：sense of responsibility 善恶观：concept of good and evil 二、社会责任与公民意识（Social Responsibility & Civic Awareness） 社会责任：social responsibility 公民义务：civic duty 公共利益：public interest 志愿服务：volunteer service 环保意识：environmental awareness 平等与包容：equality and inclusion 可持续发展：sustainable development 三、积极品质与人生态度（Positive Qualities & Life Attitudes） 乐观：optimism 坚韧：perseverance 自律：self-discipline 谦逊：modesty 感恩：gratitude 同理心：empathy 奋斗精神：striving spirit 四、人际关系与情感（Interpersonal Relationships & Emotions） 尊重：respect 包容：tolerance 合作：cooperation 互助：mutual help 友谊：friendship 家庭价值观：family values 冲突解决：conflict resolution 五、个人成长与自我价值（Personal Growth & Self-Worth） 自我提升：self-improvement 人生目标：life goals 独立思考：independent thinking 批判性思维：critical thinking 自我认同：self-identity 人生意义：meaning of life 追求卓越：pursuit of excellence 六、反对不良价值观（Opposition to Negative Values） 贪婪：greed 自私：selfishness 偏见：prejudice 歧视：discrimination 短视：short-sightedness 物质主义：materialism 七、文化与普世价值（Cultural & Universal Values） 普世价值：universal values 文化传承：cultural inheritance 人道主义：humanitarianism 和平与发展：peace and development 人类命运共同体：a community with a shared future for mankind 练习 An 18-year-old and his mother have reunited with the Officer Zach Gruver after he saved the teen’s life during a runaway car incident on September 17. The event unfolded in Minnesota and North Dakota. “It was incredible to have the opportunity to meet the Officer Gruver who saved my son. To think about him risking his life to save my son is simply amazing,” Catherine Dutcher told Good Morning America. Catherine made the 911 call when she realized that the 2022 white Honda Pilot her son Sam was driving had failed to work. Sam attempted everything he could to stop the car during the 20-minute incident. “I’m in big trouble. I’m going to die. I don’t think this is going to stop. I’m going to hit the end of the road”, Sam recalled thinking. The high-speed rescue was caught on body camera footage. Gruver, one of the responding officers, said, “Over the radio, it was there that he was doing 80 to 90 miles an hour. And when I caught up to him, I hit my radar and he was at 113.” Gruver knew the road would soon split and there wasn’t enough time to disable the car’s tires. He made a quick decision to accelerate (加速) in front of the Honda Pilot and take the impact of the crash. “It was kind of just, get in front of them and try to get him stopped. It was definitely a big relief,” Gruver said, “If we wouldn’t have been able to get it stopped, I don’t think Sam would be here to talk about it. The circumstances then were full of extreme danger.” Sam walked away with only minor injuries. Honda company responded in a statement: “We are grateful that the customer is safe. We cannot infer the issue experienced by the customer without a detailed inspection of the vehicle. We encourage the family to have the vehicle pulled to an authorized Honda dealer to enable that inspection.” The Dutchers said they took the Honda Pilot to a dealership, and the car is now in storage. 1．What can be inferred from Catherine Dutcher’s words? A．She was scared to think about the incident. B．She was deeply grateful to Officer Gruver. C．She didn’t want her son to drive again. D．She thought her son was very lucky. 2．What was Sam’s primary concern during the incident? A．Losing his life. B．Damaging the car. C．Hurting other people. D．Contacting police immediately. 3．What did Officer Gruver do to save Sam? A．He waited for backup officers. B．He used a device to slow the car. C．He sped up to take the crash. D．He shot the tires to stop the car. 4．What does Officer Gruver think of the situation? A．Routine. B．Awkward. C．Hopeless. D．Critical. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位警官冒着生命危险成功营救了一名被困在失控汽车中的少年，展现了其英勇无畏的精神。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中““It was incredible to have the opportunity to meet the Officer Gruver who saved my son. To think about him risking his life to save my son is simply amazing,” Catherine Dutcher told Good Morning America.(“有机会见到救了我儿子的Gruver警官真是不可思议。想到他冒着生命危险救我儿子，真是太神奇了，”Catherine Dutcher在接受《早安美国》采访时说)”可知，Catherine Dutcher强调警官冒着生命危险救了儿子，字里行间充满感激。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中““I’m in big trouble. I’m going to die. I don’t think this is going to stop. I’m going to hit the end of the road”, Sam recalled thinking.(“我遇到大麻烦了。我要死了。我觉得这停不下来。我要开到路的尽头了，”Sam回忆起当时的想法)”可知，在事件发生期间，Sam主要担心的是失去生命。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He made a quick decision to accelerate (加速) in front of the Honda Pilot and take the impact of the crash.(他迅速做出决定，在Honda Pilot前面加速，承受撞击的冲击力)”可知，Gruver警官通过加速来承受撞击，从而救了Sam。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中““It was kind of just, get in front of them and try to get him stopped. It was definitely a big relief,” Gruver said, “If we wouldn’t have been able to get it stopped, I don’t think Sam would be here to talk about it. The circumstances then were full of extreme danger.”(Gruver说：“当时的情况就是，我得赶紧开到那辆车前面去，试着让它停下来。这绝对让我松了一大口气。如果我们没能成功让它停下，我觉得Sam就不可能在这里跟我们讲述这件事了。当时的情况极其危险。”)”可推知，Gruver警官认为当时的情况非常危急。故选D。 My Penguin Friend is what you’d expect from an animal picture. Except that it’s better—lifted by a smart screenplay, sensitive direction and a truly beautiful performance by Jean Reno. It’s based on a real-life event that happened about 15 years ago in a small village in Brazil. A retired fisherman named Joau, rescued a Magellanic penguin who’d been covered in oil following a tanker oil spill (泄漏). He cleaned up the penguin and nursed him back to full health with a daily diet of fish. After some months, the penguin went back into the water and continued his usual penguin life. But the penguin reunited with Joau again. He swam over 5,000 miles, from Patagonia to Brazil, for eight years in a row. And each time he stayed for several months. My Penguin Friend takes that framework and decorates it with fictional elements that reflect Joau’s sadness. Joau, played by Jean Reno, has been saddened many years over his late son. This has become a hidden barrier between him and the world, but something about caring for this animal brings a part of him back to life. Something in the way director David Schurmann films the penguin brings out the animal’s essential dignity. At heart, My Penguin Friend is about the dignity of all species of living things, and it’s a call to humanity to do right by the animals with whom we share the planet. It’s not only about what people should do for animals, but about what animals do for us and how they can reconnect us with the natural world. My Penguin Friend might not hold the interest of younger viewers. There’s a whole subplot centering on a penguin research team that really eats into the runtime without being all that appealing. While its rigid dialogue and stretches of awkward silence might not bother younger viewers the way it bothers me, they certainly impact the pacing, inviting restlessness and phone-checking. But it builds in emotion and becomes genuinely heart-warming. 1．What is My Penguin Friend mainly about? A．A rescue of an oil-covered penguin. B．A man’s deep friendship with a penguin. C．A call for humans to protect wild animals. D．A team’s extensive research into penguins. 2．What can we learn about Joau from paragraph 3? A．He regretted releasing the penguin too early. B．He pleased his son by raising the penguin. C．He had some misunderstanding of folks. D．He took great comfort from the penguin. 3．What does the author think of My Penguin Friend? A．It is lacking in pace. B．It is full of surprises. C．It takes too long to play. D．It has too much dialogue. 4．What type of writing is the text? A．A news report. B．A movie review. C．A children’s story. D．A documentary advert. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了电影My Penguin Friend的剧情、创作背景及导演意图。影片以巴西渔民救助麦哲伦企鹅的真实事件为框架，融入虚构元素展现主人公Joau与企鹅的情感联结，呼吁人类尊重自然，同时指出影片节奏拖沓等问题。 1．细节理解题​​。根据文章第二段“It’s based on a real-life event that happened about 15 years ago in a small village in Brazil. A retired fisherman named Joau, rescued a Magellanic penguin who’d been covered in oil following a tanker oil spill (泄漏). He cleaned up the penguin and nursed him back to full health with a daily diet of fish. After some months, the penguin went back into the water and continued his usual penguin life. But the penguin reunited with Joau again. He swam over 5,000 miles, from Patagonia to Brazil, for eight years in a row.(这部电影基于大约15年前发生在巴西一个小村庄的真实事件。一位名叫乔au（Joau）的退休渔夫，救了一只在油轮泄漏后被油污覆盖的麦哲伦企鹅。他清理了这只企鹅，并通过每天喂食鱼类使其完全恢复健康。几个月后，这只企鹅回到了水中，继续它平常的企鹅生活。但后来，这只企鹅又与乔au重逢了。它连续八年从巴塔哥尼亚游了超过5000英里回到巴西)”可知，电影以Joau与企鹅的真实互动为框架，展现二者跨越物种的深厚情谊。故选B项。 2．推理判断题​​。根据第三段“Joau, played by Jean Reno, has been saddened many years over his late son. This has become a hidden barrier between him and the world, but something about caring for this animal brings a part of him back to life.(由让·雷诺（Jean Reno）饰演的乔au，多年来一直为逝去的儿子而哀伤。这已然成为他与世界之间的一道隐秘屏障，但照顾这只动物的经历，让他生命的一部分重新复苏了)”可知，企鹅的陪伴让因丧子而封闭的Joau重新感受到生命的意义，企鹅成为他情感的寄托。故选D项。 3．推理判断题​​。根据第五段“There’s a whole subplot centering on a penguin research team that really eats into the runtime without being all that appealing. While its rigid dialogue and stretches of awkward silence might not bother younger viewers the way it bothers me, they certainly impact the pacing, inviting restlessness and phone-checking.(影片中有一个围绕企鹅研究团队展开的完整副线情节，着实占用了不少时长，却并不那么引人入胜。虽说它那刻板的对话以及时不时出现的尴尬沉默，可能不会像困扰我这样去影响年轻观众，但它们无疑对影片节奏造成了影响，让人坐立不安，忍不住去看手机)”可知，作者批评影片次要情节冗长、对话僵硬、沉默片段尴尬，对影片节奏造成了影响，让人坐立不安，忍不住去看手机，可推理出作者认为影片的次要情节节奏拖沓，易使观众分心。故选A项。 4．​​推理判断题​​。根据第一段“My Penguin Friend is what you’d expect from an animal picture. Except that it’s better—lifted by a smart screenplay, sensitive direction and a truly beautiful performance by Jean Reno.(《我的企鹅朋友》就是那种动物题材影片该有的样子，而且更为出色——凭借巧妙的剧本、细腻的执导以及让·雷诺极为精彩的演绎而更上一层楼)”、第二段介绍电影内容、第四段主题以及第五段“My Penguin Friend might not hold the interest of younger viewers. There’s a whole subplot centering on a penguin research team that really eats into the runtime without being all that appealing. While its rigid dialogue and stretches of awkward silence might not bother younger viewers the way it bothers me, they certainly impact the pacing, inviting restlessness and phone-checking. But it builds in emotion and becomes genuinely heart-warming(《我的企鹅朋友》可能不太能吸引年轻观众的兴趣。影片中有一个围绕企鹅研究团队展开的完整副线情节，着实占用了不少时长，却并不那么引人入胜。虽说它那刻板的对话以及时不时出现的尴尬沉默，可能不会像困扰我这样去影响年轻观众，但它们无疑对影片节奏造成了影响，让人坐立不安，忍不住去看手机。不过，这部电影在情感层面逐渐铺陈开来，最终变得十分暖心)”可知，全文围绕电影My Penguin Friend展开，分析其剧情来源、主题表达、优缺点等，符合影评的典型结构。故选B项。 Two years ago, I had a bad habit of waking up late for work. Every morning was the same — I’d start my shift, do the work, and count the hours until I could log off. In the evenings, I played video games. The next day, the cycle would repeat. Now, while gaming remains a passion, I wake up early and my mornings are dedicated to learning and writing before my 9-to-5 begins. This shift started a domino effect (多米诺效应): a new higher-paying job and my own apartment that I didn’t have to share with strangers. Life didn’t become less demanding, but meaningfully busier. A key component of this transformation? Gamification. Video games thrive on clear objectives and progress. Think of the main mission as your overall goal, and side mission as the milestones along the way. Completing these “side mission” provide a flood of dopamine (多巴胺) , fueling continued engagement and self-improvement. Last year, my “main mission” was to become a cloud engineer. This required consistent learning and practical application. The sub-goals included mastering programming and databases. Each newly acquired skill felt like opening up new possibilities in my life. Just as video games track progress through skill points, I needed a way to visualize my advancement. Measuring my growth, even on days when I felt frustrated — everything I was studying was leaving my brain faster than it entered, offered powerful reassurance and reminded me that I was leveling up. It provided concrete feedback, highlighting how far I’d come and reducing the temptation to quit. I diligently documented every new skill I acquired toward becoming a cloud engineer, comparing it against the ‘requirements’ and the ‘nice to have’ sections of job descriptions until I covered everything. In essence, I applied the principles of playing games to motivate myself and stay on track. Through gamified thinking and the consistent cultivation of positive habits, I engineered my own growth. 1．Before forming a new habit, the author’s mornings were characterized by _________. A．rushing through daily missions B．handling counting-related duties C．repeating routines mechanically D．getting involved in video games 2．What was the author’s primary goal last year? A．To grasp skills like programming and databases in a year. B．To become a cloud engineer through continuous learning. C．To track his progress using skill points like a video game. D．To secure an apartment without sharing with strangers. 3．The underlined word “leveling up” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________. A．making progress B．following routines C．defending beliefs D．seeking entertainment 4．The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________. A．persuade readers to get clear life targets B．share some strategies for personal growth C．criticize the current state of the job market D．promote the benefits of playing video games 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者如何通过将游戏化的原则应用到日常生活中，成功改变了自己懒散的生活习惯，进而实现了个人成长和职业发展的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Every morning was the same — I’d start my shift, do the work, and count the hours until I could log off. (每天早上都是一样的——我开始轮班，做工作，数着时间，直到我可以下班。)”可知，在形成一个新习惯之前，作者的早晨的特点是机械地重复动作。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Last year, my “main mission” was to become a cloud engineer. (去年，我的“主要任务”是成为一名云工程师。)”可知，作者去年的主要目标是通过不断的学习，成为一名云工程师。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“I needed a way to visualize my advancement. Measuring my growth (我需要一种方法来想象我的进步。衡量我的成长)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“即使在感到沮丧的日子里——我学的东西从脑子里溜走的速度比进来的还快——衡量自己的成长也能给予我强大的安慰，提醒我正在不断升级”，划线词意为“升级”，和making progress意思相近。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Think of the main mission as your overall goal, and side mission as the milestones along the way. Completing these “side mission” provide a flood of dopamine (多巴胺) , fueling continued engagement and self-improvement .(你可以把主线任务想象成你的总体目标，而支线任务则是沿途的里程碑。完成这些“支线任务”会释放大量的多巴胺，激发你持续投入和自我提升的动力。)”，第三段“Measuring my growth, even on days when I felt frustrated—everything I was studying was leaving my brain faster than it entered, offered powerful reassurance and reminded me that I was leveling up. It provided concrete feedback, highlighting how far I’d come and reducing the temptation to quit. I diligently documented every new skill I acquired toward becoming a cloud engineer, comparing it against the ‘requirements’ and the ‘nice to have’ sections of job descriptions until I covered everything. (即使在感到沮丧的日子里——我学的东西从脑子里溜走的速度比进来的还快——衡量自己的成长也能给予我强大的安慰，提醒我正在不断升级。它提供了具体的反馈，凸显了我已经走了多远，并减少了我放弃的念头。我勤奋地记录下成为云工程师所掌握的每一项新技能，将其与职位描述中的“必备要求”和“加分项”进行对比，直到我涵盖了所有内容。)”和最后一段“In essence, I applied the principles of playing games to motivate myself and stay on track. Through gamified thinking and the consistent cultivation of positive habits, I engineered my own growth. (本质上，我将玩游戏的原则应用于激励自己，并保持正轨。通过游戏化的思维方式和持续培养积极习惯，我推动了自己的成长。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是作者如何通过将游戏化的原则应用到日常生活中，成功改变了自己懒散的生活习惯，进而实现了个人成长和职业发展的故事，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是分享一些个人成长的策略。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 总复习 阅读理解练习 目录 Unit 1 1 主题词积累：节假日活动 1 练习 3 Unit 2 7 主题词积累：道德品质 7 练习 9 Unit 3 13 主题词积累：文化多样性 13 练习 15 Unit 4 19 主题词积累：地球与宇宙奥秘探索 19 练习 20 Unit 5 25 主题词积累：正确的价值观 25 练习 26 Unit 1 主题词积累：节假日活动 一、春节 / 新年（Spring Festival/New Year） 1. 传统习俗 贴春联 / 福字：paste Spring Festival couplets / Fu characters 包饺子：make dumplings 守岁：stay up late on New Year’s Eve 放鞭炮 / 烟花：set off firecrackers / fireworks 拜年：pay a New Year call / give New Year’s greetings 压岁钱：lucky money in red envelopes 2. 家庭活动 团圆饭：family reunion dinner 看春晚：watch the Spring Festival Gala 挂灯笼：hang lanterns 逛庙会：visit temple fairs 3. 文化寓意 辞旧迎新：bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new 吉祥如意：good luck and happiness 二、中秋节（Mid-Autumn Festival） 1. 核心活动 赏月：admire the full moon 吃月饼：eat mooncakes 家人团聚：family gathering 2. 文化表达 寄托思念：express longing for distant relatives 月圆人团圆：the full moon symbolizes family reunion 嫦娥奔月传说：the legend of Chang’e flying to the moon 三、端午节（Dragon Boat Festival） 1. 传统活动 赛龙舟：dragon boat racing 包粽子：make zongzi (sticky rice dumplings) 挂艾草 / 菖蒲：hang mugwort and calamus 2. 纪念意义 纪念屈原：honor Qu Yuan (a patriotic poet) 驱邪避灾：ward off evil spirits and disasters 四、国庆节（National Day） 1. 庆祝活动 升旗仪式：flag-raising ceremony 阅兵式：military parade 国庆假期：National Day holiday 旅游 / 观光：travel / go sightseeing 2. 爱国表达 爱国主义精神：patriotic spirit 庆祝祖国生日：celebrate the motherland’s birthday 团结与繁荣：unity and prosperity 五、圣诞节（Christmas） 1. 节日装饰 圣诞树：Christmas tree 彩灯 / 礼物包装：colorful lights / gift wrapping 圣诞老人 / 袜子：Santa Claus / Christmas stockings 2. 活动与祝福 交换礼物：exchange gifts 唱圣诞颂歌：sing Christmas carols 圣诞大餐：Christmas dinner 圣诞快乐：Merry Christmas 六、万圣节（Halloween） 1. 特色活动 化妆舞会：costume party trick-or-treat：不给糖就捣蛋（小孩扮装要糖果） 南瓜灯：jack-o’-lantern 鬼魂 / 幽灵装饰：ghost / phantom decorations 2. 文化元素 黑猫 / 蝙蝠象征：black cats / bats as symbols 万圣节前夜：Halloween Eve 七、通用活动场景（适用于各类节日） 1. 聚会与社交 举办派对：hold a party 邀请朋友：invite friends 拍照留念：take photos as memories 分享美食：share delicious food 2. 情感与祝福 充满喜悦：be filled with joy 温馨氛围：a warm and cozy atmosphere 表达祝福：send wishes / express blessings 难忘的经历：unforgettable experiences 八、环保与现代主题（新兴趋势） 绿色庆祝：green celebration（e.g., reduce waste） 线上祝福：send online greetings（e.g., via social media） 公益活动：charity activities during holidays 低碳出行：low-carbon travel 练习 The Juneteenth celebration, held every year on June 19th, is a reminder of the end of slavery in the United States. The freeing of slaves started with Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (解放宜言) on September 22, 1862. Emancipation means setting free from another’s power. When slaves were emancipated, they were made into free men and women. The Emancipation Proclamation became official on January 1,1863, but it wasn’t until two and a half year later on June 19, 1865, that the last of the slaves in Texas were freed. Some slaves stayed on the plantations, and kept on working. The difference was that they were now free workers, and were paid. But many more left the plantations, as they felt that this was the first step toward freedom. Some went north and others headed off to find family in neighboring states. It was a very insecure time for the former slaves as they tried to fit into a society that had previously only thought of them as slaves. The celebration of June 19th every year gave stability to the lives of the members of the black community as they established themselves. Soon the June 19th celebration was known as “Juneteenth”. However, towards the turn of the century, the Juneteenth celebrations began to die down. Young people didn’t feel the same connection with the emancipation of the slaves. During the time of the Depression many people moved into cities, and it was difficult for them to take time off to celebrate Juneteenth. Then, during the Civil Rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, Juneteenth celebrations gathered new strength. On January 1, 1980, the Juneteenth celebrations received status as an official state holiday in Texas. Since then several states have followed Texas in making Juneteenth a state holiday. Juneteenth is a time for African-Americans and others living in the community to get together and celebrate their freedom. But why is this celebration still important today? To many African-Americans, Juneteenth is as important as any country’s Independence Day. It is a celebration of freedom and togetherness. 1．What is the purpose of the Juneteenth celebration? A．To memorize heroes of the Civil War. B．To honor the liberation of the slaves. C．To celebrate the Independence Day. D．To bring African-Americans together again. 2．Why do many people left the plantations after they were free? A．They thought they were not well-paid. B．They wanted to find a safe place. C．They had no place to stay there. D．They thought it as the first step towards freedom. 3．What is the difference for the former slaves working on the plantations after June 19,1865? A．They were free workers doing a paying job. B．They became owners of the plantations. C．They naturally fitted into the society. D．They didn’t get real freedom. 4．When did Juneteenth celebrations become official in Texas? A．On September 22, 1862. B．On January 1, 1863. C．On June 19, 1865. D．On January 1, 1980. 5．What can we learn from the text? A．It took three years for all slaves to get freedom. B．Juneteenth celebrations have been popular all the time. C．African-Americans placed a high value on Juneteenth. D．Depression boosted the development of Juneteenth celebrations. When photographer Elizabeth Kahane’s husband asked where in New York they should live after their engagement in 1998, she had one clear wish: a view of the annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. “It’s so funny, looking back, why it was so important to me and why that was my answer. But trust me, it was,” said Kahane, who loves the parade deeply. The couple moved into a third-floor apartment on Central Park West. Its windows offered the perfect spot to watch and photograph the parade, which moves through Manhattan to Macy’s store on Thanksgiving morning. Kahane has filmed the event almost every year since, missing it just twice in over 25 years. Her new book Come Join the Parade features 160 of her photos. Her images show marching bands, cheerleaders, floats, and crowds of viewers. But the main attractions are the huge balloons. SpongeBob SquarePants looks down at people below; the Grinch glares ahead with his dog Max. These photos require what Kahane calls a “one foot in, one foot out” method. “You won’t get that shot of Kermit if you’re not hanging out the window,” she explained. For Kahane’s family, watching the parade is a tradition. She prepares by having the windows cleaned and ordering special food. When her son was young, she would invite his friends’ families over. She would take photos from a separate room, careful not to set a dangerous example for the children with her photography style. The parade began in 1924 when Macy’s workers, many new to America, celebrated the store’s new location. It has become a major TV event, with 28.5 million viewers last year. Even during COVID-19 in 2020, the parade continued as a TV-only show. Kahane’s photos capture changing popular culture, as new balloon characters join or replace older ones each year. “Photography can capture a moment,” she said. “It’s a point in time that won’t happen again”. 1．What did Kahane want in her home? A．A quiet location. B．A parade view. C．A larger space. D．A better price. 2．Why did Kahane choose this apartment? A．She loved city life. B．She followed her dream. C．She needed more space. D．She wanted city views. 3．What shows Kahane’s devotion? A．She risks for photos. B．She buys new cameras. C．She studies photography. D．She arrives very early. 4．What changes in the parade? A．The route gets longer. B．The food becomes more delicious. C．The balloons change yearly. D．The time starts earlier. Food Festivals: A Global Journey of Flavors From ancient traditions to futuristic innovations, food festivals worldwide celebrate the magic of cuisine. These events not only satisfy taste buds but also connect cultures through unique experiences. Below are four festivals that showcase this delicious diversity: Maple & Harvest Fair (Canada) Held every September in Quebec, this festival honors Canada’s farming heritage. Visitors pick apples in orchards, watch maple syrup demonstrations, and taste “poutine” (fries with cheese curds and gravy) . A “Green Kitchen” zone teaches kids to cook with seasonal vegetables. Free entry for children under 8. Chili Fiesta (Mexico) Each July in Oaxaca, this spicy event attracts chili lovers. Chefs compete to create the hottest sauce using local peppers like habanero and chipotle. Street markets sell handmade tortillas, while workshops teach traditional recipes. Due to extreme heat, attendees must carry water bottles. Book tickets online to guarantee entry—kids under 8 enjoy half-price admission! Royal Tea Festival (UK) Taking place in London’s Kensington Gardens every May, this elegant event celebrates British tea culture. Guests sip rare blended vintages and watch scone-baking contests. A museum tent displays 18th-century silver teapots and teacups. Tickets include a free porcelain souvenir cup. Robo-Food Expo (Japan) This Tokyo festival in November combines food with AI technology. Robot chefs prepare sushi in 60 seconds, while VR headsets let users “taste” digital dishes. Visitors can design custom candies via 3D printers. If you book robot cooking classes online, you’ll receive a 10% discount. 1．Which festival offers free admission to young children? A．Maple & Harvest Fair. B．Chili Fiesta. C．Royal Tea Festival. D．Robo-Food Expo. 2．Where can people learn about ancient tools used for serving tea? A．In Japan. B．In the UK. C．In Canada D．In Mexico. 3．What is special about Robo-Food Expo? A．Free farm activities. B．Tea-making workshops. C．Traditional chili competitions. D．High-tech cooking methods. Unit 2 主题词积累：道德品质 一、诚实与正直（Honesty & Integrity） 诚实待人：be honest with others 讲真话：tell the truth 信守承诺：keep one’s promise 言行一致：act in accordance with one’s words 正直的品格：a man of integrity 欺诈行为：dishonest behavior 伪造信息：fabricate information 二、责任感与担当（Responsibility & Accountability） 承担责任：take responsibility for 履行义务：fulfill one’s duties 对... 负责：be accountable for 推卸责任：shirk responsibility 责任感强的：responsible /duty-bound 公民义务：civic responsibility 团队担当：team accountability 三、善良与乐于助人（Kindness & Helpfulness） 乐于助人：be willing to help others 展现善意：show kindness /extend a helping hand 体贴他人：be considerate towards others 无私奉献：selfless dedication 慈善活动：charity activities 同情心：compassion /sympathy 人道主义精神：humanitarian spirit 四、宽容与理解（Tolerance & Understanding） 宽容差异：tolerate differences 理解他人观点：understand others’ perspectives 避免偏见：avoid prejudice 胸襟开阔：open-minded 化解冲突：resolve conflicts 换位思考：put oneself in others’ shoes 接纳多样性：embrace diversity 五、勇气与坚持（Courage & Perseverance） 勇于面对挑战：have the courage to face challenges 克服恐惧：overcome fear 坚持信念：stand by one’s beliefs 毅力与决心：perseverance and determination 半途而废：give up halfway 逆境中坚持：persist in adversity 勇敢的行为：brave deeds 六、谦虚与尊重（Modesty & Respect） 谦虚谨慎：modest and prudent 尊重他人：show respect for others 虚心学习：learn with an open mind 傲慢态度：arrogant attitude 礼貌待人：be polite and courteous 尊老爱幼：respect the elderly and care for the young 文化尊重：cultural respect 七、团队合作与公平（Teamwork & Fairness） 团队协作：team collaboration 公平竞争：fair competition 分享与协作：share and cooperate 自私行为：selfish behavior 按劳分配：distribute according to labor 遵守规则：abide by rules 集体利益：collective interests 八、环保与社会责任（Environmental Responsibility & Social Duty） 环保意识：environmental awareness 节约资源：conserve resources 减少碳排放：reduce carbon emissions 可持续发展：sustainable development 社会责任：social responsibility 公益事业：public welfare undertakings 生态保护：ecological protection 九、抵制不良行为（Resisting Unethical Behaviors） 抵制诱惑：resist temptation 反对欺凌：oppose bullying 拒绝作弊：refuse to cheat 腐败现象：corruption 道德底线：moral bottom line 正义之举：just actions 维护道德准则：uphold ethical standards 练习 The Community Health Volunteer Program in Congo (刚果) offers a two-week experience for volunteers devoted to improving public health in rural areas. This program focuses on promoting health education, basic medical care, and hygiene (卫生) practices among local communities. Volunteers work alongside local health workers, providing essential support in under-resourced clinics and community centers. Responsibility ·Participate in community members in health education meetings. ·Help in basic medical check-ups and record-keeping. ·Help give out health supplies and educational materials. Schedule Day 1(Sunday): Attend a training meeting. Day 2-13(Monday-Friday): Morning: Help community health clinics for 3-4 hours for health education and basic medical support. Afternoon: Spend around 4-5 hours weekly on planning and preparing health education materials. Day 14(Saturday): Explore local cultural sites or engage in community activities with fellow volunteers. Requirements ·The recommended age is 18-50. ·Basic knowledge of health and hygiene practices. ·Volunteers are expected to wear provided health uniforms. Service ·Shared airport transfers (换乘) are available on both arrival and departure days at specific hours. ·Share accommodations in a volunteer house. Private rooms are available for an additional fee. ·Three meals per day are provided. 1．What’s the main purpose of this volunteer program? A．To train local health workers. B．To provide free medical treatments. C．To improve rural community healthcare. D．To explore Congolese living conditions. 2．What is expected of volunteers on the fourth afternoon? A．Doing basic medical check-ups. B．Joining in cultural activities. C．Attending local health meetings. D．Getting ready for health education. 3．Which of the following is available for volunteers? A．Coffee and snacks. B．Free private houses. C．Round-trip air tickets. D．Medical working clothes. The winner of this year’s Pritzker Architecture Prize, announced Tuesday, is Liu Jiakun. Liu is from Chengdu, Sichuan. His childhood was spent wandering the halls of the large brick hospital where his mother worked as an physician. “Sometimes when we were young, we would go to the roof of the building to see the whole city,” he recalled. From that high point, he said, he could look down over neighborhoods still filled with traditional wooden Chinese homes. After graduating in 1982, Liu worked at a state-owned architecture firm in Tibet but aspired to be a writer. “I had two identities,” he said. “One was as a worker in the architectural firm, and the other was doing my passion, writing.” These days, Liu said, he sees similarities between writing — he’s authored several books — and his practice as a designer of buildings and built environments. “What writing does for me,” he said, “is that it gives me more perspectives. Observations about society and human behavior. There are also vocabularies that are similar in architectural design and in literature. There are always beginnings and there are always endings. And then there are climaxes (高潮) and then there are always buildups (铺垫).” Liu also applies this vocabulary to busy public spaces. A 2020 exhibition dedicated to his work at the Savannah College of Art and Design included a room-sized model of West Village, as an example of what the organizer described as “translating traditional Chinese cultural ethos (精神特质) into contemporary architectural language.” The Pritzker jury, in its statement, applauded what it called Liu’s “respect for culture, history and nature, recording time and comforting users with familiarity through modern interpretations of classic Chinese architecture.” As one example, it cited a cleanly modern building Liu designed for the Novartis pharmaceutical company in Shanghai. Built in 2014, it summons ancient Chinese architectural design elements in its use of dramatic layered balconies. “I always aspire to be like water,” Liu wrote in his Pritzker statement. “To spread through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, which turns into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still keeps all the qualities of that place, both good and bad.” 1．What is the main influence of Liu’s childhood experiences on his work? A．His mother’s career in medicine. B．His fascination with natural landscapes. C．His early interest in modern skyscrapers. D．His exposure to conventional wooden Chinese structures. 2．Why does Liu compare architecture to writing? A．Both rely on modern interpretations of culture. B．Both create emotional bonds through narratives. C．Both involve narrative structures and aspects. D．Both depend on socio-historical insights. 3．What does Liu mean by “aspire to be like water” in the last paragraph? A．Buildings should fit naturally into their surroundings. B．Architecture should strictly follow local traditions. C．Buildings should use water as a central design theme. D．Architecture should emphasize fluid, water-like forms. 4．Which of the following best describes the core philosophy of Liu’s works? A．Technical and futuristic. B．Cultural and innovative. C．Literary and impractical. D．Commercial and devoted. Isabel Crook, a Canadian educator and anthropologist (人类学家), spent over 90 years in China, making significant contributions to both English education and cultural understanding. Born in Chengdu in 1915 to Canadian churchman parents, Crook returned to China after completing her master’s degree in anthropology at the University of Toronto. Her life was deeply connected with China’s history and development. Crook is best known for her pioneering work in English language education in China. In 1948, she accepted an invitation from the Chinese Communist Party to teach at the Central Foreign Affairs School, which later became Beijing Foreign Studies University. She spent over six decades there, contributing to forming China’s first university English curriculum and training generations of English teachers. Her efforts helped lay the foundation for modern English education in China, earning her the title of “Lifetime Honorary Professor” from the university. Beyond education, Crook was also a devoted anthropologist. She conducted extensive field research in rural China, including in Xinglongchang in Sichuan and Shilidian in Hebei. Her books, such as Revolution in a Chinese Village, Ten Mile Inn and Xinglongchang, Field Notes of a Village Called Prosperity, offer detailed and intimate portraits of Chinese rural life during the revolutionary period. These works have provided valuable insights into China’s social transformation and have been influential in shaping Western understanding of China. Crook’s commitment to China extended beyond her professional life. She and her husband, David Crook, supported various social projects, including setting up clinics, schools, and scholarships for poor students. Even after retiring at the age of 66, she continued to contribute by returning to rural areas to support education and development initiatives. In recognition of her contributions, Isabel Crook received numerous honors, including the “Friendship Medal” from the Chinese government in 2019. Her life and work show the profound impact that a foreigner can have through devotion and service. Isabel Crook passed away in August 2023 at the age of 108, leaving behind a legacy of cultural exchange and mutual understanding. 1．What is Crook best known for in China? A．Writing books on China’s rural life. B．Founding rural clinics and schools. C．Paving the way for English education. D．Helping foreigners understand China. 2．What is the main focus of Crook’s anthropological works? A．Criticizing Western views on China. B．Rural life during China’s revolutions. C．English education initiatives in China. D．Promoting prosperity in Chinese villages. 3．Which word can best describe Crook? A．Ambitious. B．Determined. C．Adventurous. D．Devoted. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Isabel Crook: A lifelong contributor to China B．Isabel Crook: A Pioneer of China’s education C．Isabel Crook: An expert in Sino-Canadian culture D．Isabel Crook: An innovator shaping China’s future Unit 3 主题词积累：文化多样性 一、文化认知与多样性基础（Cultural Awareness & Diversity Basics） 文化多样性：cultural diversity 多元文化社会：multicultural society 文化身份：cultural identity 文化差异：cultural differences 传统习俗：traditional customs 文化遗产：cultural heritage 民族特色：ethnic characteristics 二、文化交流与融合（Cultural Exchange & Integration） 文化交流：cultural exchange 跨文化沟通：cross-cultural communication 文化融合：cultural integration 吸收外来文化：absorb foreign cultures 传播本土文化：spread local culture 文化碰撞：cultural collision 兼容并包：inclusive and comprehensive 三、尊重与包容（Respect & Tolerance） 尊重文化差异：respect cultural differences 包容的态度：inclusive attitude 避免文化偏见：avoid cultural prejudice 文化敏感性：cultural sensitivity 平等对待：treat equally 接纳多元：embrace pluralism 文化相对主义：cultural relativism（指尊重不同文化的独特性） 四、文化保护与传承（Cultural Protection & Inheritance） 保护传统文化：protect traditional culture 非物质文化遗产：intangible cultural heritage 濒临失传的技艺：dying handicrafts 传承文化遗产：inherit cultural heritage 文化断层：cultural discontinuity 保留文化独特性：preserve cultural uniqueness 可持续传承：sustainable inheritance 五、全球化与文化多样性（Globalization & Cultural Diversity） 全球化背景下：in the context of globalization 文化同质化：cultural homogenization（如 “文化趋同”） 文化帝国主义：cultural imperialism 本土文化 vs 外来文化：local culture vs foreign culture 文化共生：cultural symbiosis 平衡传统与现代：balance tradition and modernity 六、文化符号与表达（Cultural Symbols & Expressions） 文化符号：cultural symbols（如中国龙、日本樱花） 传统节日：traditional festivals 特色美食：local cuisine 语言多样性：linguistic diversity 艺术形式：artistic forms（如戏曲、交响乐） 建筑风格：architectural styles 七、文化冲突与解决（Cultural Conflicts & Solutions） 文化冲突：cultural conflicts 误解源于文化差异：misunderstandings arise from cultural differences 文化适应：cultural adaptation 寻求共识：seek common ground 文化调解：cultural mediation 跨文化能力：cross-cultural competence 练习 Recently, a significant special campaign targeting the production and sale of fake and substandard meat products has been launched nationwide. This campaign, which is scheduled to last from April to December 2025, is an important measure taken by the government to ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. The campaign focuses on several key areas. First, it will closely examine producers to check if they use unqualified meat, expired ingredients, or excessive food additives in their products. Many consumers have been concerned about the safety of meat products, as some unscrupulous producers might try to cut costs by using low-quality materials. Second, food service providers, such as restaurants and food stalls, are also under the spotlight. The campaign aims to stop those who mislabel their meat products, for example, selling ordinary pork but claiming it is high-quality imported meat. In addition to the direct supervision of production and sales, the campaign also encourages the public to report any suspicious activities related to fake and substandard meat products. By doing so, the government hopes to build a comprehensive supervision system, combining official inspection with public participation. This way, the illegal behavior in the meat product market can be effectively cracked down on, and consumers can enjoy safer and more reliable meat products. 1．What is the main purpose of the special campaign? A．To increase the sales of meat products. B．To ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. C．To promote the development of the meat product industry. D．To help producers reduce production costs. 2．What will be examined about producers during the campaign? A．Whether they use high-quality packaging materials. B．Whether they have enough production equipment. C．Whether they use unqualified meat or excessive additives. D．Whether they have a good reputation in the market. 3．Why are food service providers targeted in the campaign? A．Because they often use too much food additives. B．Because they usually sell meat products at high prices. C．Because some of them mislabel their meat products. D．Because they don’t have proper food storage conditions. 4．How does the government want to build a comprehensive supervision system? A．By only relying on official inspection. B．By only depending on public participation. C．By combining official inspection with public participation. D．By increasing the number of inspection staff. Italian cuisine may be one of the most recognized and loved in the world — often imagined as a collection of ancient recipes and local traditions preserved by skillful grandmothers over centuries. But now, a food historian is exposing common myths and false stories, arguing that the Italian cuisine as we know it is barely a few decades old. Grandi claims in his latest book, Italian Cuisine Doesn’t Exist, the idea that many beloved recipes and products such as cheeses or cured meats have hundreds of years of history is pure fantasy. Most dishes have a shorter history than most people imagine. Migration is what made Italian cuisine what it is today. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, millions of people left Italy, a poverty-stricken country with limited dietary options, emigrating to South America, North America and European countries. The Italians who landed on New York’s Ellis Island left hunger and misery behind. And it was in the “new world”, Grandi argues, that Italian immigrants found the wealth and ingredients to create the recipes that eventually popularized Italian food worldwide. However, many Italians are not familiar with this history. They might imagine that their beloved recipes were born in Italy, passed down, unchanged, from generation to generation and eventually exported abroad by Italian migrants. Pizza is the most famous example of this. Born as a cheap street food in Naples, in the 19th Century it was synonymous with poverty and dirt. It was in America, says Grandi, that pizza became “red”. While fresh tomatoes were among the original toppings, Italian immigrants to the US popularized pizza prepared with tomato sauce, a product that industrialization made easy to access and store. And it was in the US that pizzerias really started to take off. Scholars call this process “the pizza effect”: when a product leaves its place of origin, gets profoundly transformed and then returns to its place of origin to be fully embraced in a completely different form. 1．What does Grandi challenge in his book? A．The role of Italian chefs. B．The history of Italian cuisine. C．The recipe for cured meats. D．The process of cheese production. 2．How did Italian immigrants contribute to the spread of Italian cuisine? A．By running Italian restaurants worldwide. B．By promoting food industrialization in Italy. C．By creating new recipes with local ingredients. D．By preserving ancient recipes through generations. 3．What does the underlined phrase “was synonymous with” in the last paragraph mean? A．Equaled. B．Removed. C．Caused. D．Exposed. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Migration of Italian Cuisine B．The Origin of the Pizza Effect C．The Secret of Traditional Recipes D．The Truths Behind Italian Cuisine Whoever says fast food is unhealthy for the body and the environment hasn’t been introduced to Sweetgreen, a chain restaurant committed to changing how we view food production, consumption and waste. In short, Sweetgreen represents a new era of fast food — one that focuses on healthy ingredients (原料) and local community. It began August 1, 2007 when three recent college graduates launched the flagship location in Washington D．C． Tired of having to choose between slow but healthy food options and food that was fast but unhealthy, they made a commitment to offering quality and convenient food as a better option. Every step along the 16-year journey has been focused on one central principle. The company explains in its mission statement, “Our core values guide our actions and we aim to empower our customers, team members and partners to be a positive force on the food system. That’s why we’re building a transparent (透明的) supply network.” Therefore, transparency is at the very foundation of the company. At the top of the list of items customers can expect is fresh ingredients that are locally sourced and organic whenever possible. Even with that goal in mind, the words “organic” and “local” were recently removed from the menu in an effort to honor full transparency in instances where ingredients may have traveled further or come from a farm not officially recognized as organic. To provide localized information, Sweetgreen restaurants post a source board. Online, customers can see specials that highlight local fare, such as Lobster Roll Salad in Boston, Garlic Chili Shrimp Bowl in Houston and Citrus Shrimp and Avocado in Miami. In order to protect the environment, Sweetgreen focuses on selecting foods that are regionally sourced and sustainably grown. The company also looks for agricultural operations that rely on regenerative farming practices that benefit the environment and Sweetgreen customers. By cooperating with local farmers who prioritize water conservation, the use of renewable energy and organic methods, etc., Sweetgreen calculates a 50% reduction in the footprint that comes from previous suppliers. “At Sweetgreen, we have a saying: the choices we make about what we eat, where it comes from, and how it’s prepared have a direct and powerful impact on the health of individuals, communities and the environment. Today, with the future of the planet at risk, these words have never rang more true,” said the company. 1．What problem about food did Sweetgreen aim to solve initially? A．The complex process of production. B．The time-consumption of packaging. C．The trade-off between quality and accessibility. D．The high costs between transportation and sale. 2．Why did Sweetgreen remove the words “organic” and “local” from its menu? A．To cut food sourcing expenses. B．To promote local fresh specials. C．To simplify the menu readability. D．To highlight the central principle. 3．Which word can best describe Sweetgreen? A．Conservative. B．Conventional. C．Innovative. D．Invariable. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Sweetgreen: Popularizing Fast-Food Restaurants B．Sweetgreen: Pioneering Sustainable Food Practices C．Sweetgreen: The New Approach to Organic Farming D．Sweetgreen: Transparent Supply and Community Focus Unit 4 主题词积累：地球与宇宙奥秘探索 一、宇宙与天文基础（Cosmology & Astronomy Basics） 宇宙：universe 太空：space 星系：galaxy 恒星：star 行星：planet 卫星：satellite 黑洞：black hole 暗物质：dark matter 光年：light-year 宇宙大爆炸：Big Bang theory 二、宇宙探索与航天（Space Exploration & Astronautics） 太空探索：space exploration 航天科技：space technology 航天器：spacecraft 火箭：rocket 宇航员：astronaut 国际空间站：International Space Station (ISS) 探测器：probe 登月：moon landing 太空望远镜：space telescope 三、地球科学与自然奥秘（Earth Science & Natural Mysteries） 地球科学：earth science 地质构造：geological structure 板块运动：plate tectonics 气候变化：climate change 生态系统：ecosystem 自然资源：natural resources 极地探索：polar exploration 深海奥秘：deep-sea mysteries 地震与火山：earthquakes and volcanoes 四、科技与观测工具（Technology & Observation Tools） 射电望远镜：radio telescope 哈勃望远镜：Hubble Space Telescope 人工智能：artificial intelligence (AI) 遥感技术：remote sensing 卫星导航：satellite navigation 数据建模：data modeling 虚拟现实：virtual reality (VR) 五、探索意义与挑战（Significance & Challenges of Exploration） 寻找地外生命：search for extraterrestrial life 太空垃圾：space debris 可持续探索：sustainable exploration 资源枯竭：resource depletion 人类命运共同体：a community with a shared future for mankind 科学突破：scientific breakthroughs 技术限制：technical limitations 六、天文现象与理论（Astronomical Phenomena & Theories） 日食 / 月食：solar/lunar eclipse 彗星：comet 流星 / 陨石：meteor/meteorite 星云：nebula 相对论：theory of relativity 量子力学：quantum mechanics 宜居星球：habitable planet 七、科幻与未来探索（Science Fiction & Future Exploration） 科幻小说：science fiction (sci-fi) 星际旅行：interstellar travel 外星文明：extraterrestrial civilization 太空殖民：space colonization 时间旅行：time travel 戴森球：Dyson sphere（设想中的恒星能量收集装置） 练习 On the early morning of November 4, Beijing time, with the familiar report, Shenzhou 18 astronauts Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu safely returned to Earth. At 1:24 on the same day, Shenzhou 18 manned spacecraft return module successfully landed in the Dongfeng landing field, concluding a six-month mission onboard the Tiangong space station. The on-site medical supervision and medical insurance personnel confirmed that the astronauts Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu are in good health, Shenzhou 18 manned mission was a complete success. What’s your first meal back on Earth? According to CCTV, the three astronauts ordered chicken custard. In addition, the staff also prepared beef noodles, soy sauce beef, radish mutton stew, shredded potatoes, broccoli, pickled mustard, small cakes, small steamed bread, millet porridge, small tomatoes, cantaloupe, grapes. According to the latest news, the crew of astronauts who successfully completed the manned mission of Shenzhou 18 arrived safely in Beijing by plane on November 4. Space station application and development phase flight mission headquarters leaders to the airport to meet. After arriving in Beijing, the three astronauts will enter a period of isolation and recovery, undergo a comprehensive medical examination and health assessment, and arrange for rest and recuperation. After that, they will meet with the media in Beijing. According to the statistics of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the three astronauts stayed in orbit for 192 days, carried out two extravehicular activities (出舱活动), set a new record for a single extravehicular activity of Chinese astronauts, and completed the installation of space debris protection devices on the space station and several cargo extravehicular missions. The installation, commissioning, maintenance and repair of the equipment inside and outside the module have been carried out successively, accumulating valuable data and experience for the long-term stable operation of the space station in orbit. At the same time, with the close cooperation of researchers on the ground, a large number of space science experiments involving basic microgravity (微重力) physics, space material science, space life science, space medicine, space technology and other fields have been completed. 1．How were the astronauts after landing? A．They were all in good health. B．They were not in the best of health. C．One of them was not in the best of health. D．Not mentioned in the text. 2．What did the three astronauts eat for their first meal when they returned to Earth? A．Egg custard. B．Beef noodles. C．Millet congee. D．Cherry tomato. 3．When will they be interviewed by the media? A．After their return to Beijing. B．After the quarantine period resumes. C．After a thorough physical examination. D．After recuperating. 4．What can we learn from China’s space achievements so far? A．We can put safeguards on the space station. B．We only have two cargo flights. C．We have carried out on-board commissioning work. D．We still can’t do space life science. Releasing tiny metal rods (金属棒) into Mars’ atmosphere could warm the planet enough to melt water and support microbial life. Scientists at the University of Chicago aim to find a way to make Mars suitable for humans to live. So it is crucial to raise its surface temperature. Some people have suggested putting mirrors above Mars’ surface or pumping methane (甲) into its atmosphere, but these ideas are difficult to apply because the raw materials required would need to be sent from Earth. Now, Edwin Kite and his colleagues have found relatively small dust clouds made from iron or aluminium (铝) rods taken from rocks on Mars could warm the planet in a period of a few months or over a decade, depending on how quickly the particles are released. These metal rods could be carried by wind from the surface to Mars’ upper atmosphere, where they would then remain for around a decade, trapping heat from below and allowing more sunlight through. Kite and his team modeled how the rods responded to light and then fed this information into climate simulations (模拟), which showed that the increase in temperature and pressure would be enough for parts of Mars to sustain liquid water and potentially oxygen-producing bacteria. They also found that this warming would only need the rods to be released at a rate equal to that of water flowing through about 30 garden taps, amounting to a total of 700,000 cubic metres of metal per year to achieve the required warming, or around 1 percent of Earth's metal production.   “According to our plan, we found a surprisingly small amount of engineered dust would be required, much less than the amount of engineered greenhouse gases required if you wanted the same amount of warming,” says Kite. “But it would still be challenging to dig large holes in the ground to collect iron or aluminium from Mars.” “One uncertainty in the simulations is how the tiny rods might interact with water in Mars’ atmosphere. Water can form a group with the dust and fall back to the surface as rain, reducing the warming,” says Manoj Joshi at the University of East Anglia, UK. 1．What do the scientists at the University of Chicago try to do? A．To make Mars habitable. B．To change Mars’ landscape. C．To send raw materials to Mars. D．To find microbial life on Mars. 2．What can the metal rods do? A．Help clean Mars’ atmosphere. B．Better expose Mars’ surface to the sun. C．Collect particles from Mars’ rocks. D．Keep Mars’ upper atmosphere cold. 3．What is the difficulty of the plan according to Kite? A．Sustaining liquid water on Mars’ surface. B．Mining for needed metal materials on Mars. C．Producing a large amount of water on lars. D．Releasing engineered greenhouse gases into Mars’ atmosphere. 4．What is Manoi Joshi’s attitude towards the plan? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Serious. D．Unclear. Planetary geoarchaeology (地质考古学), the study of how cultural and natural processes on Earth’s moon, on Mars, and throughout the solar system may be changing, preserving, or erasing the material record of space exploration, has been proposed by two researchers from the Kansas Geological Survey at the University of Kansas and their colleagues as a new scientific subfield. “Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid-20th century as relatively safe, "said Justin Holcomb, researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co-author, Rolfe Mandel. How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. “We feel that all material currently existing on extraterrestrial (地球外的) surfaces is space heritage and worthy of protection, ”Holcomb said. “However, some sites,  such as the very first footprints on the moon represent the material footprint of a long history of migration. ”Beyond those“firsts”, making decisions on a case-by-case basis will be necessary to sort through the tens of thousands of pieces of debris (残骸) now in orbit or dropped across the surfaces of the moon and Mars, which many people refer to as “trash” but Holcomb and his colleagues see as heritage. Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” 1．Why has planetary geoarchaeology been proposed? A．To protect space heritage. B．To study the solar system. C．To resist space exploration. D．To found a scientific field. 2．What do we know about the material record of space? A．It threatens the movement of people into space. B．It is the main focus of the ODYSSEY Program. C．It shows the whole process of human migration. D．It is not as safe as expected in the new space era. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The methods of classifying space trash. B．The first footprints on the moon and Mars. C．The question of planetary geoarchaeologists. D．The discussion on identifying space heritage. 4．What does Holcomb suggest other geoarchaeologists do? A．Learn from scientists like him. B．Lead upcoming NASA missions. C．Participate in space exploration. D．Ensure the security of astronauts. Unit 5 主题词积累：正确的价值观 一、道德与伦理（Morality & Ethics） 道德准则：moral standards 伦理责任：ethical responsibility 诚信：integrity 正义：justice 良知：conscience 责任感：sense of responsibility 善恶观：concept of good and evil 二、社会责任与公民意识（Social Responsibility & Civic Awareness） 社会责任：social responsibility 公民义务：civic duty 公共利益：public interest 志愿服务：volunteer service 环保意识：environmental awareness 平等与包容：equality and inclusion 可持续发展：sustainable development 三、积极品质与人生态度（Positive Qualities & Life Attitudes） 乐观：optimism 坚韧：perseverance 自律：self-discipline 谦逊：modesty 感恩：gratitude 同理心：empathy 奋斗精神：striving spirit 四、人际关系与情感（Interpersonal Relationships & Emotions） 尊重：respect 包容：tolerance 合作：cooperation 互助：mutual help 友谊：friendship 家庭价值观：family values 冲突解决：conflict resolution 五、个人成长与自我价值（Personal Growth & Self-Worth） 自我提升：self-improvement 人生目标：life goals 独立思考：independent thinking 批判性思维：critical thinking 自我认同：self-identity 人生意义：meaning of life 追求卓越：pursuit of excellence 六、反对不良价值观（Opposition to Negative Values） 贪婪：greed 自私：selfishness 偏见：prejudice 歧视：discrimination 短视：short-sightedness 物质主义：materialism 七、文化与普世价值（Cultural & Universal Values） 普世价值：universal values 文化传承：cultural inheritance 人道主义：humanitarianism 和平与发展：peace and development 人类命运共同体：a community with a shared future for mankind 练习 An 18-year-old and his mother have reunited with the Officer Zach Gruver after he saved the teen’s life during a runaway car incident on September 17. The event unfolded in Minnesota and North Dakota. “It was incredible to have the opportunity to meet the Officer Gruver who saved my son. To think about him risking his life to save my son is simply amazing,” Catherine Dutcher told Good Morning America. Catherine made the 911 call when she realized that the 2022 white Honda Pilot her son Sam was driving had failed to work. Sam attempted everything he could to stop the car during the 20-minute incident. “I’m in big trouble. I’m going to die. I don’t think this is going to stop. I’m going to hit the end of the road”, Sam recalled thinking. The high-speed rescue was caught on body camera footage. Gruver, one of the responding officers, said, “Over the radio, it was there that he was doing 80 to 90 miles an hour. And when I caught up to him, I hit my radar and he was at 113.” Gruver knew the road would soon split and there wasn’t enough time to disable the car’s tires. He made a quick decision to accelerate (加速) in front of the Honda Pilot and take the impact of the crash. “It was kind of just, get in front of them and try to get him stopped. It was definitely a big relief,” Gruver said, “If we wouldn’t have been able to get it stopped, I don’t think Sam would be here to talk about it. The circumstances then were full of extreme danger.” Sam walked away with only minor injuries. Honda company responded in a statement: “We are grateful that the customer is safe. We cannot infer the issue experienced by the customer without a detailed inspection of the vehicle. We encourage the family to have the vehicle pulled to an authorized Honda dealer to enable that inspection.” The Dutchers said they took the Honda Pilot to a dealership, and the car is now in storage. 1．What can be inferred from Catherine Dutcher’s words? A．She was scared to think about the incident. B．She was deeply grateful to Officer Gruver. C．She didn’t want her son to drive again. D．She thought her son was very lucky. 2．What was Sam’s primary concern during the incident? A．Losing his life. B．Damaging the car. C．Hurting other people. D．Contacting police immediately. 3．What did Officer Gruver do to save Sam? A．He waited for backup officers. B．He used a device to slow the car. C．He sped up to take the crash. D．He shot the tires to stop the car. 4．What does Officer Gruver think of the situation? A．Routine. B．Awkward. C．Hopeless. D．Critical. My Penguin Friend is what you’d expect from an animal picture. Except that it’s better—lifted by a smart screenplay, sensitive direction and a truly beautiful performance by Jean Reno. It’s based on a real-life event that happened about 15 years ago in a small village in Brazil. A retired fisherman named Joau, rescued a Magellanic penguin who’d been covered in oil following a tanker oil spill (泄漏). He cleaned up the penguin and nursed him back to full health with a daily diet of fish. After some months, the penguin went back into the water and continued his usual penguin life. But the penguin reunited with Joau again. He swam over 5,000 miles, from Patagonia to Brazil, for eight years in a row. And each time he stayed for several months. My Penguin Friend takes that framework and decorates it with fictional elements that reflect Joau’s sadness. Joau, played by Jean Reno, has been saddened many years over his late son. This has become a hidden barrier between him and the world, but something about caring for this animal brings a part of him back to life. Something in the way director David Schurmann films the penguin brings out the animal’s essential dignity. At heart, My Penguin Friend is about the dignity of all species of living things, and it’s a call to humanity to do right by the animals with whom we share the planet. It’s not only about what people should do for animals, but about what animals do for us and how they can reconnect us with the natural world. My Penguin Friend might not hold the interest of younger viewers. There’s a whole subplot centering on a penguin research team that really eats into the runtime without being all that appealing. While its rigid dialogue and stretches of awkward silence might not bother younger viewers the way it bothers me, they certainly impact the pacing, inviting restlessness and phone-checking. But it builds in emotion and becomes genuinely heart-warming. 1．What is My Penguin Friend mainly about? A．A rescue of an oil-covered penguin. B．A man’s deep friendship with a penguin. C．A call for humans to protect wild animals. D．A team’s extensive research into penguins. 2．What can we learn about Joau from paragraph 3? A．He regretted releasing the penguin too early. B．He pleased his son by raising the penguin. C．He had some misunderstanding of folks. D．He took great comfort from the penguin. 3．What does the author think of My Penguin Friend? A．It is lacking in pace. B．It is full of surprises. C．It takes too long to play. D．It has too much dialogue. 4．What type of writing is the text? A．A news report. B．A movie review. C．A children’s story. D．A documentary advert. Two years ago, I had a bad habit of waking up late for work. Every morning was the same — I’d start my shift, do the work, and count the hours until I could log off. In the evenings, I played video games. The next day, the cycle would repeat. Now, while gaming remains a passion, I wake up early and my mornings are dedicated to learning and writing before my 9-to-5 begins. This shift started a domino effect (多米诺效应): a new higher-paying job and my own apartment that I didn’t have to share with strangers. Life didn’t become less demanding, but meaningfully busier. A key component of this transformation? Gamification. Video games thrive on clear objectives and progress. Think of the main mission as your overall goal, and side mission as the milestones along the way. Completing these “side mission” provide a flood of dopamine (多巴胺) , fueling continued engagement and self-improvement. Last year, my “main mission” was to become a cloud engineer. This required consistent learning and practical application. The sub-goals included mastering programming and databases. Each newly acquired skill felt like opening up new possibilities in my life. Just as video games track progress through skill points, I needed a way to visualize my advancement. Measuring my growth, even on days when I felt frustrated — everything I was studying was leaving my brain faster than it entered, offered powerful reassurance and reminded me that I was leveling up. It provided concrete feedback, highlighting how far I’d come and reducing the temptation to quit. I diligently documented every new skill I acquired toward becoming a cloud engineer, comparing it against the ‘requirements’ and the ‘nice to have’ sections of job descriptions until I covered everything. In essence, I applied the principles of playing games to motivate myself and stay on track. Through gamified thinking and the consistent cultivation of positive habits, I engineered my own growth. 1．Before forming a new habit, the author’s mornings were characterized by _________. A．rushing through daily missions B．handling counting-related duties C．repeating routines mechanically D．getting involved in video games 2．What was the author’s primary goal last year? A．To grasp skills like programming and databases in a year. B．To become a cloud engineer through continuous learning. C．To track his progress using skill points like a video game. D．To secure an apartment without sharing with strangers. 3．The underlined word “leveling up” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________. A．making progress B．following routines C．defending beliefs D．seeking entertainment 4．The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________. A．persuade readers to get clear life targets B．share some strategies for personal growth C．criticize the current state of the job market D．promote the benefits of playing video games 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$