内容正文:
专题22 冠词和数词 (
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读
01
】
不定冠词
a
(n)
的用法
【知能解读
02
】
含不定冠词的介词短语
【知能解读
03
】
含不定冠词的动词短语
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破
01
】
定冠词
the
的用法
【重难点突破
0
2
】
含定冠词
t
he
的短语
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错
01
】
使用零冠词场合
【易混易错
0
2
】
不含冠词的
介词
短语
【易混易错
0
3
】
不含冠词的
动词
短语
【易混易错
0
4
】
有无冠词意义不同的短语
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展
0
1
】
基数词的基本用法
【用法拓展
0
2
】
序数词的基本用法
【用法拓展
0
3
】
数词命题热点
)
01 不定冠词a(n)的用法
1. 不定冠词a(n)的区别
a用在辅音开头的单词前,an用在以元音开头单词前;特别注意元音字母u:读/ʌ/,前边用an,如umbrella, ugly;读/juː/时,前边用a,如a unique culture, an European country;还应注意honest, honour等字母是以元音开头。记忆秘诀【不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音】
a university一所大学---university 发音为 /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/,开头是辅音音素 /j/
a useful book一本有用的书---useful 发音为 /ˈjuːsfl/,开头是辅音音素 /j/
a European country一个欧洲国家---European 发音为 /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/,开头是辅音音素 /j/
a one-year-old baby一个一岁的婴儿---one 发音为 /wʌn/,开头是辅音音素 /w/
an apple一个苹果---apple 发音为 /ˈæpl/,开头是元音音素 /æ/
an hour一小时---hour 发音为 /ˈaʊə(r)/,开头是元音音素 /aʊ/,字母 “h” 不发音
an honest man一个诚实的人---honest发音为 /ˈɒnɪst/,开头是元音音素 /ɒ/,字母 “h” 不发音
an MP3一个 MP3 播放器---MP3 发音以元音音素 /e/ 开头
2.第一次提到的某人或某物之前用不定冠词。
There’s a bird in the tree. It’s singing loudly. 树上有一只鸟,它在大声唱歌。
On a cold evening a stranger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上,一个陌生人来到我的住处。
3.用在表示数量、长度、时间等的名词前,表示“每一”。
The car runs at 120 kilometers an hour. 这辆车以每小时 120 公里的速度行驶。
4.不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。
Losing the game was a big failure for him. 输掉比赛对他来说是一次重大的失败。
5.用于专有名词前,表示“一位叫……的人”。
A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。
6.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。
I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。
7.用于最高级前表示强调,意为“非常”。
We had a most enjoyable evening. 我们度过了一个极其愉快的夜晚。
8.不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。
She ordered a beer and a juice. 她点了一杯啤酒和一杯果汁。
9.用于某些职业、身份前,表示 “一个……(身份的人)”。
He wants to be an astronaut in the future. 他未来想成为一名宇航员。
10.用于一些固定词组中。
His father makes a living as a taxi driver in the city. 他父亲在城里当出租车司机谋生。
Thanks for doing me a favor when I needed it most. 谢谢你在我最需要的时候帮忙。
02含不定冠词的介词短语
1.含at介词短语
at a loss 不知所措;困惑
at a time 一次;每次
at a glance 一眼;乍一看
2.含in介词短语
in a hurry 匆忙
in a way 从某种意义上说
in a flash 刹那间
in a word 总而言之
in a day or two 在一两天内
in a good mood 心情好
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 简言之
in a nutshell 简而言之
in additon to 除了
3.含as介词短语
as a rule 通常
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 结果
as a whole 总体上
as a consequence of 由于…… 的缘故
5.含of介词短语
all of a sudden 突然
a large quantity of 大量
a place of interest 名胜
a series of一系列的
a variety of 种种
6.其他介词短语
be on a diet 节食
on a large scale大规模地
to a great extent 在很大程度上
to a certain degree 在一定程度上
03含不定冠词的动词短语
take a break 休息一下
take a bath 洗澡
make a decision 做出决定
make a choice 做出选择
put forward a suggestion 提出建议
catch a cold 感冒
have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
get a lift/ride 搭车
go on a diet 节食
go for a drive 开车兜风
do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙
make a living 谋生
make a fortune 发财
make a fire 生火
make a fool of 愚弄
make a mistake 犯错
keep an eye on 留意;照看
take a risk 冒险
pay a visit to 拜访
put an end to 结束
give a hand to 帮助
come to a conclusion 得出结论
10 / 24
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
【跟踪训练1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1._____unique style 2._____unimportant meeting 3.______ university student 4.______ unusual student 5.______European country 6.______ English-speaking country 7.______ one-eyed man 8.______ open-minded man 9.______ once-in-a-lifetime opportunity 10.______ online course 11.______ hungry boy 12.______ honest boy 13.______ humorous writer 14.______ honorable writer 15.______180-year- old bridge 16.______18-year-old girl 17.______ 110-meter bridge 18.______11-year-old girl 19.______ UN official 20.______umbrella 21.______UFO 22. ______ UK visa 23. ______ US scientist 24. make ______U-turn 25. ______FBI report 26. ______ H-shaped frame 27. ______LED screen 28.______MBA degree 29.______ NBA player 30._____ RTF file
【参考答案】
1.a 2.an 3.a 4. an 5.a 6.an 7.a 8.an 9.a 10.an 11.a 12.an 13.a 14.an 15.a 16.an 17.a 18.an 19.a 20.an 21.a 22.a 23.a 24.a 25.an 26.an 27.an 28.an 29.an 30.an
【跟踪训练2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It’s been________ hono(u)r to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
1.an
解析:考查不定冠词。句意:观看熊猫项目的发展并见证熊猫们适应新家,一直是一种荣幸。泛指一种荣幸,hono(u)r以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
2.I never felt urge to learn any sign language before.
2.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:我以前从未有过学习任何手语的冲动。分析句子可知,设空处应填冠词,urge是可数名词,此处表示泛指“一种冲动”,且urge以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an,符合语境。故填an。
3.“We really want to help expand awareness and grow the sport,” Lin said. “We’re hoping one day it’ll become Olympic sport.”
3.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:林说:“我们真的很想帮助扩大知名度和发展这项运动。我们希望有一天它会成为一项奥林匹克运动。”句中泛指一项奥林匹克运动,空格处应用不定冠词,Olympic音标的第一个音素为元音音素,故应用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.He picked up a pen from the shelf, but he wanted to make exchange before paying for it.
4.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:他从货架上拿起一支钢笔,但想在付款前换一支。结合句意,表示“交换”用make an exchange表达。故填an。
5.Chaplin was not just genius; he was among the most influential figures in film history.
5.a
解析:考查不定冠词。句意:卓别林不仅是个天才;他是电影史上最有影响力的人物之一。泛指一个天才,genius以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.When they took bite of a freshly picked watermelon, they knew the fruit came from a farm right in the town.
6.a
解析:考查冠词。句意:当他们咬一口刚摘下来的西瓜时, 他们知道这个水果就来自镇上的一个农场。分析句子可知,take a bite为固定搭配,意为“咬一口”,所以此处为冠词a的填入。故填a。
7.With increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
7.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:随着电视上男性厨师数量的增加,男孩们喜欢烹饪不再是“不酷”的事了。“a number of”表示“许多;大量”,number前有形容词“increasing”修饰,“increasing”是以元音音素开头的单词,所以此处需用不定冠词an,with an increasing number of意为“随着……数量的增加”,符合语境。故填an。
8. Our school has organized number of cultural events to enrich students’ life.
8. a
解析:考查冠词。句意:我们学校组织了许多文化活动来丰富学生的生活。根据空后名词复数cultural events 可知,固定短语a number of意为“许多”符合句意。故填a。
9.First impressions are most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make a first impression.
9.the,a
解析:考查冠词。句意:第一印象是最持久的。毕竟,你永远不会再有一次机会给别人留下第一印象。第一空应用the修饰形容词最高级most lasting,the most lasting意为“最持久的”;第二空表示泛指“再一次机会”,应用不定冠词,且second是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,a second chance表示“又一次/再一次机会”。故填the;a。
10.Wash painting is unique style of Chinese painting, especially in ancient China.
10.a
解析:考查冠词。句意:水墨画是中国绘画的一种独特风格,尤其是在中国古代。设空处修饰名词style,表泛指,应用冠词,而且unique发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
01 定冠词the的用法
1.用在特定的人或物的名词前,表示特指。
There’s a cat in the garden. The cat is chasing a mouse. 花园里有一只猫。这只猫正在追一只老鼠。
2.表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。
The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. 穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。
I bought a book yesterday. The book is about history. 我昨天买了一本书。这本书是关于历史的。
3.表示世界上独一无二的事物,如日月星辰地球等。
The sun provides light and heat for all living things. 太阳为所有生物提供光和热。
4.用在序数词或表示顺序的其他词前。
This is the hundredth letter I’ve written to her. 这是我写给她的第 100 封信。
5.用于形容词、副词的最高级前。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
6.用在表示演奏的西洋乐器之前。
They are practicing the guitar for the school concert. 他们正在为学校音乐会练习吉他。
7.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Turners were having lunch when I got there.我到那里的时候,特纳一家正在吃午饭。
8.用在世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
Fashion in the 2000s was influenced by digital culture. 21 世纪初的时尚受到数字文化的影响。
The Ming Dynasty built most of the Great Wall we see today. 我们今天看到的长城大部分是明朝修建的。
9.用在表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、运河、岛屿等名词前。
The West Lake in Hangzhou is a famous tourist attraction.杭州的西湖是著名的旅游景点。
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth.太平洋是地球上最大的海洋。
10. “the+形容词”或“the+可数名词单数”表示一类事物。
The nurse takes good care of the sick in the hospital.护士在医院里悉心照料病人。
11.用在表示方位名词之前。
Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
12.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
The British Museum has a huge collection of ancient artifacts.大英博物馆收藏了大量古代文物。
02 含定冠词的介词短语
at the moment 此刻
all over the country 遍及全国
at the age of 在…… 岁时
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便提及
in the dark 在暗处
in the distance 在远处
in the future 将来
in the form of 以……的形式
on the air 在广播
on the spot 当场
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the whole 总的说来
on the rise 在增长
on the contrary 相反
out of the question 不可能
in the daytime 在白天
not in the least 毫不
in the way 挡路
for the time being 暂时
at the end of 在…… 末端
by the end of 到…… 结束时
in the beginning 在开始
at the beginning of 在…… 开始时
all over the world 全世界
by the hour/day按小时/日
to the point 切题
03 含定冠词的动词短语
make the best of 充分利用
take the place of 替代
burn the midnight oil 开夜车
keep the house 居家不出门
make the most of 充分利用
tell the truth 说真话
hit sb. in the face 击中某人的面部
meet the deadline 赶上截止日期之前
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining balance of our ecosystem.
1.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我也更加深刻地认识到植物在维持我们生态系统平衡中所扮演的角色。在名词短语balance of our ecosystem中,balance被后置定语of our ecosystem明确限定,表特指某一具体的平衡,需用定冠词修饰,故填the。
2.It is recently reported that number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining.
2.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:最近有报道称,坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降。结合“is slowly declining”可知,此处特指“坚持传统饮食的人数”,应用定冠词the,the number of意为“……的数目,……的数量”。故填the。
3.First impressions are most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make a first impression.
3.the, a
解析:考查冠词。句意:第一印象是最持久的。毕竟,你永远不会再有一次机会给别人留下第一印象。第一空应用the修饰形容词最高级most lasting,the most lasting意为“最持久的”;第二空表示泛指“再一次机会”,应用不定冠词,且second是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,a second chance表示“又一次/再一次机会”。故填the;a。
4.As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
4.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。形容词的最高级的前面用定冠词the。故填the。
5.I consider myself very lucky because I was only one of the students who won a medal.
5.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我认为自己很幸运,因为我是学生们当中唯一一个赢得奖牌的人。only作定语修饰名词,表示“唯一的”时,其前面多用定冠词,即构成“the only+名词”结构。故填the。
6. Greens are a happy couple; they have been married for 30 years.
6.The
解析:考查冠词。句意:格林夫妇是一对幸福的夫妇,他们已经结婚30年了。根据空后“Greens”和句意可知,此处表示“格林夫妇”,应用“the+姓氏复数”结构,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”,且该空位于句首,首字母应大写。故填The。
7.The great scientist will come to give us a lecture on morning of Sunday this week.
7.the
解析:考查定冠词。句意:这位伟大的科学家将在本周日上午给我们做一场讲座。morning of Sunday this week(本周日上午)是一个特定的时间,在表示特定的某一天的上午、下午或晚上时,要用定冠词the。故填the。
8.At same time, Houston's Mission Control worked hard to help the astronauts return to Earth safely.
8.the
解析:考查固定短语。句意:与此同时,休斯顿任务控制中心努力帮助宇航员安全返回地球。“at the same time”是固定短语,意为“同时”,此处需要用定冠词the。故填the。
9.As Spring Festival approaches, global brands are launching special edition products to welcome the Year of the Rabbit.
9.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:随着春节的临近,全球品牌纷纷推出特别版产品来迎接兔年。“Spring Festival”(春节)是中国的传统节日,属于专有名词,在英语中,表示特定的节日、节气等专有名词前通常要加定冠词the。故填the。
10.Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to former.
10.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:在失业率和犯罪率高的地方,可以认为后者是前者造成的。former和latter是成对使用的,表示“前者”和“后者”,前面需要加定冠词the。故填the。
01 使用零冠词场合
1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词的名词前不用冠词。
Wisdom comes from experience. 智慧源于经验。
2.有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词。
The children's toys are scattered all over the floor. 孩子们的玩具散落在地板上。
3.表示学科、语言、球类、棋类的名词前不用冠词。
He speaks English and French fluently. 他能流利地说英语和法语。
We often play basketball after school. 我们放学后经常打篮球。
4.表示一日三餐名词前不用冠词。
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. 早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。
5.表示星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前不用冠词。
Easter is celebrated in many Western countries. 许多西方国家庆祝复活节。
6.复数名词表示类属时前不用冠词。
Teachers play an important role in education. 教师在教育中扮演重要角色。
7.表示职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。
They appointed him manager of the department. 他们任命他为部门经理。
8. by表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。
They traveled to France by plane. 他们乘飞机去法国旅行。
02 不含冠词的短语
at ease 无拘无束
at first 最初
at hand 在手边
at length 终于,详细地
at most 至多
at peace 和平时期
at random 随意地
at risk 在危险中
at war 在交战
by accident 无意中
by chance 偶然,无意地
by design 出于谋划
by force 用武力
by hand 用手工
by mistake 错误地
by name 名叫,凭名字
by nature 天生地
in advance 预先,事先
in danger 在危险中
in despair 在绝望中
in detail 极详细地
in order 整齐地
in person 本人,亲自
in place 在适当的地方
in return 作为回报
in surprise 惊讶地
in turn 轮流;反过来
in vain 徒劳地
on average 平均
on board 在船上/飞机上
on demand 一经要求
on display/show 被展示
on earth 在世界上;究竟
on foot 步行
on guard 在值勤
on purpose 故意地
03 有无冠词意义不同的短语
1.by sea 由海路vs by the sea 在海边
2.by day在白天vs by the day按日计算
3.in office 执政vs in the office 在办公室里
4.in store 储存vs in the store 在商店里
5.on earth 究竟,到底vs on the earth 在地球上
6.in charge of负责... vs in the charge of 由……负责
7.in possession of拥有... vs in the possession of 为……所有
8.in front of在…(外部)前面vs in the front of在…(内部)前面
9.out of question不成问题vs out of the question 不可能
10. sit at table 坐下吃饭vs sit at the table 坐在桌旁
11.leave school毕业,辍学vs leave the school离校
12.go to church 做礼拜vs go to the church 去教堂
13.go to school 去上学vs go to the school 去学校
14.go to sea 出海vs go to the sea 去海边
15.in case of 万一vs in the case of就…… 而言
She is in charge of the marketing department. 她负责管理市场部。
The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer. 这个项目由一位资深工程师负责。
With his rich experience, finishing the task on time is out of question.
以他丰富的经验,按时完成任务是不成问题的。
Asking him to apologize? That’s out of the question. He’s too stubborn.
让他道歉?绝无可能。他太固执了。
The kids sat at the table, coloring pictures instead of eating.孩子们坐在桌旁画画,没有吃饭。
The family sat at table quietly, enjoying the homemade dinner.一家人坐下吃饭,安静地享用家常菜。
【跟踪训练1】单句改错
1. (山东2006)For him the stage is just means of making a living.
2. (全国II 2004)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off price.
3. (湖南2004)For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break silence.
4. (江苏2004) Tom owns the larger collection of books than any other student in our class.
5. (辽宁2004)When you finish reading the book, you will have the better understanding of life.
6. (上海2004春) As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by an hour.
7. (辽宁2012)I woke up with bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.
8. (全国2011I)It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
9. (浙江2011)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
10. (重庆2010) Everything comes with a price; there is no such a thing as free lunch in the world.
【答案】
1. means前加a 2. price前加the 3. silence前加the 4. the改为a 5. a better 6. an 改为the 7.bad前加a 8. man前加a 9. Picasso前加a 10. 去掉such后a
01 基数词的基本用法
1.基数词的构成
①1~12独立成词。
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
②13~19的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼写。
③表示整十的基数词:20~90的基数词都以ty结尾。特别注意twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety的写法。
④21~99的写法是:十位数加个位数,中间用连字符号“”连接。如:26 twenty-six;57 fifty-sevenz。
⑤101~999的构成是:百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如:123 one hundred and twenty-three。
⑥hundred,thousand,million,billion等词表示具体数目,直接前加基数词;表示不确定数目,既加s,又加of。three hundred students三百名学生 thousands of students成千上万的学生。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
one
eleven
thirty
two
twelve
forty
three
thirteen
fifty
four
fourteen
sixty
five
fifteen
seventy
six
sixteen
eighty
seven
seventeen
ninety
eight
eighteen
hundred
nine
nineteen
thousand
ten
twenty
million/billion
2.基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight。
③表示时刻。7:00读作seven o'clock;8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty;3:05读作five past three/three five
5:48读作twelve to six/five fort图片yeight。
④表示顺序。单数名词+基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如:
Class Two,Room12,No.3 Middle School
注:“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如:Lesson Three=the third lesson
⑤“数词+单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如:a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。ten years old,3600 meters long
⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。
In his sixties,he rode a bike round the world.
The light was invented in the 1870s.
⑧与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。
another three hours,two more cakes
02 序数词的基本用法
1.序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six-→sixth,seven-→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。
twenty-one→twentyfirs,thirtytwo→thirty-second,two hundred and ninetyeight→two hundred and ninetyeighth
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth。
注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
first
eleventh
thirtieth
second
twelfth
fortieth
third
thirteenth
fiftieth
fourth
fourteenth
sixtieth
fifth
fifteenth
seventieth
sixth
sixteenth
eightieth
seventh
seventeenth
ninetieth
eighth
eighteenth
hundredth
ninth
nineteenth
thousandth
tenth
twentieth
millionth/billionth
⑤基数词变序数词要遵循以下原则:
一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成; 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加eth; 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
2.序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,其前须用定冠词the,后接单数名词。
I'm the first one to arrive here.
易错题型:如序数词前出现人称代词,则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时,则关系代词只能用that。
Today is my thirtieth birthday.
②用于最高级前。
John is the second tallest boy in our class.
③分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子为l,分母用单数,分子大于l,分母用复数。
one fifth,three fifths
—些习惯用法:1/4也可表示为a quarter,3/4也可表示为three quarters,1/2也可表示为a half
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。
Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。
⑤表示数量上再增加“一”,用:a(an)+序数词+单数名词。
She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。
基数词变序数词口诀
基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;
一二三,特殊记,
八加h,九去e,ve要用f替,
以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记;
若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
03 数词命题热点
1.序数词前往往加the;序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再”。
The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。
We have tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?
2.基数词+量词+形容词表示年龄、长、宽、高、面积等,在句中作表语或后置定语。
The giraffe is five meters tall. 这只长颈鹿 5 米高。
They built a road ten miles long last year. 他们去年修了一条 10 英里长的路。
3.分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:
a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三
4.分数修饰名词时,需在分数后加 of,且名词的单复数由所修饰的名词本身决定。
Three fourths of the orange looks fresh. 橙子的四分之三看起来很新鲜。
A quarter of the land is covered in forests. 四分之一的土地被森林覆盖。
5.数词其他重要表达方式
half an hour半小时
one and a half hours=one hour and a half一个半小时
an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩
a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程
two more hours=another two hours再多两个小时
6.数词用于比较等级表示倍数
用法
示例
倍数词+as…as…
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
倍数词+比较级+than…
He runs twice faster than his brother.他跑得比弟弟快两倍。
倍数词+the名词+of+短语
The elephant is twenty times the weight of the dog.
这头大象的重量是这只狗的 20 倍。
【跟踪训练】
1.The population now in this village is five times it was ten years ago.
1.what
解析:考查倍数表达。句意:现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。此处为倍数表达法:倍数+what从句,故填what。
2.Now, Cao has started the (two) part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.
2.second
解析:考查序数词。句意:现在,曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分——沿着“一带一路”走下去。由于所填词前有the修饰,其后接了单数可数名词part,要将基数词two变成对应的序数词second,表示“第二”。故填second。
3.It is reported that the United States uses twice much energy as the whole of Europe.
3.as
解析:考查倍数表达法。句意:据报道,美国的能源消耗量是整个欧洲的两倍。该句属于“倍数+as...as...”结构。故填as。
4.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is (two) as expensive.
4.twice
解析:考查倍数。句意:我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的房子要小得多,但是价格却是我们房子价格的两倍。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处是想表达倍数,结构为“倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构,其中比较对象可以省略。“两倍”的正确表达为twice,该句后半句的完整形式为 but it is twice as expensive as ours。故填twice。
5.So some buildings don’t have the thirteenth floor. Instead, they go from the (twelve) to the fourteenth floor.
5.twelfth
解析:考查序数词。句意:因此一些建筑物没有十三楼, 相反, 它们是从十二楼直接上到十四楼。根据句中的thirteenth和fourteenth可知,此处应用twelve的序数词twelfth,表示“第十二”故填twelfth。
6.It’s the (five) time that I have been to Hangzhou.
6.fifth
解析:考查序数词。句意:这是我第五次去杭州了。分析句子可知,设空处应填序数词修饰名词“time”,表示“第五次”,所给词five的序数词形式是fifth。故填fifth。
7.The (nine) Asian Winter Games will be held in 2025 in the city of Harbin.
7.ninth
解析:考查序数词。句意:第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年在哈尔滨市举行。根据The和Asian Winter Games可知,修饰单数名词Asian Winter Games,定冠词the后用序数词ninth “第九”,作定语。故填ninth。
8.Sports team owners spend (million) of dollars attracting top talent.
8.millions
解析:考查名词。句意:运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。millions of意为“数百万的”,为固定搭配。故填millions。
9.More than a quarter of modern medicines (origin) from tropical forest plants.
9.originate
解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:超过四分之一的现代药物来源于热带森林植物。空处作谓语,应用origin的动词形式originate,意为“起源,产生”,动词短语originate from意为“起源于”,且此处描述科学事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语More than a quarter of modern medicines中名词medicines为复数,originate应用复数形式。故填originate。
10.One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.
10.is;are
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个国家的三分之一被树木覆盖,大多数公民是黑人。根据句意可知,该句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。be covered with表示“被……覆盖”,第①空主语“One-third of the country”是单数,故谓语动词用单数,be动词用is,第②空主语“the majority of the citizens”是复数,其谓语应为be动词,所以应用复数,be动词用are。故填①is②are。
(
冠词和数词
综合能力提升
)
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025年浙江 1月卷)The price of fashion – economically and environmentally – has led to the rise of _______ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too.
1. a
解析:考查冠词。way此处意为“方式”,为可数名词,且new以辅音音素开头,故填a,表示泛指。
2.(2023新课标I卷)The meat should be fresh with _______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
2.a
解析:考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
3.(2022全国甲卷)_______ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
3. A
解析:考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
4.(2021新课标I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _______ must to visit!
4. a
解析:句意为:你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山!泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
5.(2025全国一卷)Go is one of _______ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.
5. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
6.(2025八省联考卷)Chinese plays an increasingly important role in improving communication and cooperation between China and and _______ rest of the world.
6. The
解析:考查冠词。句意:中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。the rest of...“……的其余部分”,为固定短语,本空用冠词the,符合题意。故填the。
7.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for _______first time.
7. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
8.(2024年浙江 1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, _______ other stays fresh.
8. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
9.(2023新课标II卷)Not the pandas, even though____________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
9. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
10.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
10. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
11.(2022新课标I卷)Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
11. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
12.(2022新课标II卷)___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
12. The
解析:考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
13.(2022全国乙卷)To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
13. the
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
14.(2022年浙江 1月题)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
14. the
解析: 考查冠词。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
15.(2021全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ___________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
15. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
16.(2021全国乙卷)Due to ___________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
16. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
17.(2021浙江卷)____________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
17. The
解析:考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
18.(2020新课标II卷)The plum trees are __________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).
18. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
19.(2020浙江卷)Then,with ___________ rise of science,changes began.
19. the
解析:考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
20.(2019新课标I卷)Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
20. the
解析:考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
21.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the __________ (six) century, B. C.
21. sixth
解析:考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
22.(2021新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the __________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
22. seventh
解析:考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
二、冠词与语法填空
(24-25高二上·福建莆田·期末)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yang Shi’e was 1 outstanding figure in China’s underwater acoustics field, dedicating his entire life to China’s underwater acoustics cause.
Born 2 1931, he endured wars during his childhood, 3 strengthened his determination 4 (save) the country through science. In 1950, he left Tsinghua University before graduation to join the army, and later participated in the preparation for the establishment of the Harbin Institute of Military Engineering. Due to the country’s needs, he switched to 5 (research) underwater acoustics. After returning to China in 1960, he founded China’s first comprehensive underwater acoustics engineering major that integrates science and engineering with comprehensive coverage. He compiled many important 6 (work) such as Underwater Noise Science, pioneering a new pattern in China’s underwater acoustics education.
Yang Shi’e rooted 7 (he) in underwater acoustics education for nearly 70 years, cultivating more than 110 master’s and doctoral students, and teaching thousands of students. Even in his 90s, he still insisted 8 giving lectures to students. With the spirit of “standing firm until the end” and a rigorous academic attitude, he was 9 (deep) loved by students. He passed away in 2024. In September of the same year, the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee posthumously awarded him the title of “Model of the Times” in recognition of his outstanding contributions to China’s underwater acoustics science and technology as well as 10 (educate).
【答案】
1.an 2.in 3.which 4.to save 5.researching 6.works 7.himself 8.on 9.deeply 10.education
【导语】这是一篇人物传记。文章讲述杨士莪是中国水声领域杰出人物,毕生奉献该事业,获“时代楷模”称号,贡献卓越。
1.考查冠词。句意:杨士莪是中国水声领域的一位杰出人物,毕生致力于中国的水声事业。这里指“一位杰出人物”,应用不定冠词修饰可数名词figure,且outstanding是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
2.考查介词。句意:他生于1931年,童年经历战争,这更加坚定了他科技救国的决心。表示“生于某年”应用介词in。故填in。
3.考查定语从句。句意:他生于1931年,童年经历战争,这更加坚定了他科技救国的决心。此处考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:他生于1931年,童年经历战争,这更加坚定了他科技救国的决心。此处为固定搭配determination to do sth意为“做某事的决心”,此处应用动词不定式作定语。故填to save。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:由于国家需要,他转而研究水声。此处为switch to doing sth, 为固定搭配,意为“转而做某事”,to为介词,后接动名词作宾语,research的动名词形式为researching。故填researching。
6.考查名词复数。句意:他编撰了《水下噪声学》等多部重要著作,开创了中国水声教育的新格局。many后接可数名词复数形式,work作“著作”讲时为可数名词,其复数形式为works。故填works。
7.考查代词。句意:杨士莪深耕水声教育近70年,培养了110多名硕士、博士研究生,教过数千名学生。分析句子结构可知,此处应用反身代词作宾语,he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。
8.考查介词。句意:即使在90多岁高龄,他仍然坚持给学生上课。此处为insist on doing sth,为固定搭配,意为“坚持做某事”,符合语境。故填on。
9.考查副词。句意:他以“站好最后一班岗”的精神和严谨的治学态度,深受学生爱戴。此处应用副词修饰动词loved,deep的副词形式为deeply,表“深深地”,符合语境。故填deeply。
10.考查名词。句意:同年9月,中共中央宣传部追授他“时代楷模”称号,以表彰他为中国水声科技和教育事业作出的杰出贡献。此处应用名词与“science and technology”并列作介词to的宾语,educate的名词形式为education,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填education。
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试卷第21页,共13页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$专题22 冠词和数词 (
目录
01知识脑图·学科框架速建
02考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读
01
】
不定冠词
a
(n)
的用法
【知能解读
02
】
含不定冠词的介词短语
【知能解读
03
】
含不定冠词的动词短语
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破
01
】
定冠词
the
的用法
【重难点突破
0
2
】
含定冠词
t
he
的短语
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错
01
】
使用零冠词场合
【易混易错
0
2
】
不含冠词的
介词
短语
【易混易错
0
3
】
不含冠词的
动词
短语
【易混易错
0
4
】
有无冠词意义不同的短语
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展
0
1
】
基数词的基本用法
【用法拓展
0
2
】
序数词的基本用法
【用法拓展
0
3
】
数词命题热点
)
01 不定冠词a(n)的用法
1. 不定冠词a(n)的区别
a用在辅音开头的单词前,an用在以元音开头单词前;特别注意元音字母u:读/ʌ/,前边用an,如umbrella, ugly;读/juː/时,前边用a,如a unique culture, an European country;还应注意honest, honour等字母是以元音开头。记忆秘诀【不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音】
a university一所大学---university 发音为 /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/,开头是辅音音素 /j/
a useful book一本有用的书---useful 发音为 /ˈjuːsfl/,开头是辅音音素 /j/
a European country一个欧洲国家---European 发音为 /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/,开头是辅音音素 /j/
a one-year-old baby一个一岁的婴儿---one 发音为 /wʌn/,开头是辅音音素 /w/
an apple一个苹果---apple 发音为 /ˈæpl/,开头是元音音素 /æ/
an hour一小时---hour 发音为 /ˈaʊə(r)/,开头是元音音素 /aʊ/,字母 “h” 不发音
an honest man一个诚实的人---honest发音为 /ˈɒnɪst/,开头是元音音素 /ɒ/,字母 “h” 不发音
an MP3一个 MP3 播放器---MP3 发音以元音音素 /e/ 开头
2.第一次提到的某人或某物之前用不定冠词。
There’s a bird in the tree. It’s singing loudly. 树上有一只鸟,它在大声唱歌。
On a cold evening a stranger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上,一个陌生人来到我的住处。
3.用在表示数量、长度、时间等的名词前,表示“每一”。
The car runs at 120 kilometers an hour. 这辆车以每小时 120 公里的速度行驶。
4.不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。
Losing the game was a big failure for him. 输掉比赛对他来说是一次重大的失败。
5.用于专有名词前,表示“一位叫……的人”。
A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。
6.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。
I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。
7.用于最高级前表示强调,意为“非常”。
We had a most enjoyable evening. 我们度过了一个极其愉快的夜晚。
8.不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。
She ordered a beer and a juice. 她点了一杯啤酒和一杯果汁。
9.用于某些职业、身份前,表示 “一个……(身份的人)”。
He wants to be an astronaut in the future. 他未来想成为一名宇航员。
10.用于一些固定词组中。
His father makes a living as a taxi driver in the city. 他父亲在城里当出租车司机谋生。
Thanks for doing me a favor when I needed it most. 谢谢你在我最需要的时候帮忙。
02含不定冠词的介词短语
1.含at介词短语
at a loss 不知所措;困惑
at a time 一次;每次
at a glance 一眼;乍一看
2.含in介词短语
in a hurry 匆忙
in a way 从某种意义上说
in a flash 刹那间
in a word 总而言之
in a day or two 在一两天内
in a good mood 心情好
in a sense 在某种意义上
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 简言之
in a nutshell 简而言之
in additon to 除了
3.含as介词短语
as a rule 通常
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 结果
as a whole 总体上
as a consequence of 由于…… 的缘故
5.含of介词短语
all of a sudden 突然
a large quantity of 大量
a place of interest 名胜
a series of一系列的
a variety of 种种
6.其他介词短语
be on a diet 节食
on a large scale大规模地
to a great extent 在很大程度上
to a certain degree 在一定程度上
03含不定冠词的动词短语
take a break 休息一下
take a bath 洗澡
make a decision 做出决定
make a choice 做出选择
put forward a suggestion 提出建议
catch a cold 感冒
have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
get a lift/ride 搭车
go on a diet 节食
go for a drive 开车兜风
do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙
make a living 谋生
make a fortune 发财
make a fire 生火
make a fool of 愚弄
make a mistake 犯错
keep an eye on 留意;照看
take a risk 冒险
pay a visit to 拜访
put an end to 结束
give a hand to 帮助
come to a conclusion 得出结论
10 / 24
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
【跟踪训练1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1._____unique style 2._____unimportant meeting 3.______ university student 4.______ unusual student 5.______European country 6.______ English-speaking country 7.______ one-eyed man 8.______ open-minded man 9.______ once-in-a-lifetime opportunity 10.______ online course 11.______ hungry boy 12.______ honest boy 13.______ humorous writer 14.______ honorable writer 15.______180-year- old bridge 16.______18-year-old girl 17.______ 110-meter bridge 18.______11-year-old girl 19.______ UN official 20.______umbrella 21.______UFO 22. ______ UK visa 23. ______ US scientist 24. make ______U-turn 25. ______FBI report 26. ______ H-shaped frame 27. ______LED screen 28.______MBA degree 29.______ NBA player 30._____ RTF file
【参考答案】
1.a 2.an 3.a 4. an 5.a 6.an 7.a 8.an 9.a 10.an 11.a 12.an 13.a 14.an 15.a 16.an 17.a 18.an 19.a 20.an 21.a 22.a 23.a 24.a 25.an 26.an 27.an 28.an 29.an 30.an
【跟踪训练2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It’s been________ hono(u)r to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
1.an
解析:考查不定冠词。句意:观看熊猫项目的发展并见证熊猫们适应新家,一直是一种荣幸。泛指一种荣幸,hono(u)r以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
2.I never felt urge to learn any sign language before.
2.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:我以前从未有过学习任何手语的冲动。分析句子可知,设空处应填冠词,urge是可数名词,此处表示泛指“一种冲动”,且urge以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an,符合语境。故填an。
3.“We really want to help expand awareness and grow the sport,” Lin said. “We’re hoping one day it’ll become Olympic sport.”
3.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:林说:“我们真的很想帮助扩大知名度和发展这项运动。我们希望有一天它会成为一项奥林匹克运动。”句中泛指一项奥林匹克运动,空格处应用不定冠词,Olympic音标的第一个音素为元音音素,故应用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.He picked up a pen from the shelf, but he wanted to make exchange before paying for it.
4.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:他从货架上拿起一支钢笔,但想在付款前换一支。结合句意,表示“交换”用make an exchange表达。故填an。
5.Chaplin was not just genius; he was among the most influential figures in film history.
5.a
解析:考查不定冠词。句意:卓别林不仅是个天才;他是电影史上最有影响力的人物之一。泛指一个天才,genius以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.When they took bite of a freshly picked watermelon, they knew the fruit came from a farm right in the town.
6.a
解析:考查冠词。句意:当他们咬一口刚摘下来的西瓜时, 他们知道这个水果就来自镇上的一个农场。分析句子可知,take a bite为固定搭配,意为“咬一口”,所以此处为冠词a的填入。故填a。
7.With increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
7.an
解析:考查冠词。句意:随着电视上男性厨师数量的增加,男孩们喜欢烹饪不再是“不酷”的事了。“a number of”表示“许多;大量”,number前有形容词“increasing”修饰,“increasing”是以元音音素开头的单词,所以此处需用不定冠词an,with an increasing number of意为“随着……数量的增加”,符合语境。故填an。
8. Our school has organized number of cultural events to enrich students’ life.
8. a
解析:考查冠词。句意:我们学校组织了许多文化活动来丰富学生的生活。根据空后名词复数cultural events 可知,固定短语a number of意为“许多”符合句意。故填a。
9.First impressions are most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make a first impression.
9.the,a
解析:考查冠词。句意:第一印象是最持久的。毕竟,你永远不会再有一次机会给别人留下第一印象。第一空应用the修饰形容词最高级most lasting,the most lasting意为“最持久的”;第二空表示泛指“再一次机会”,应用不定冠词,且second是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,a second chance表示“又一次/再一次机会”。故填the;a。
10.Wash painting is unique style of Chinese painting, especially in ancient China.
10.a
解析:考查冠词。句意:水墨画是中国绘画的一种独特风格,尤其是在中国古代。设空处修饰名词style,表泛指,应用冠词,而且unique发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
01 定冠词the的用法
1.用在特定的人或物的名词前,表示特指。
There’s a cat in the garden. The cat is chasing a mouse. 花园里有一只猫。这只猫正在追一只老鼠。
2.表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。
The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. 穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。
I bought a book yesterday. The book is about history. 我昨天买了一本书。这本书是关于历史的。
3.表示世界上独一无二的事物,如日月星辰地球等。
The sun provides light and heat for all living things. 太阳为所有生物提供光和热。
4.用在序数词或表示顺序的其他词前。
This is the hundredth letter I’ve written to her. 这是我写给她的第 100 封信。
5.用于形容词、副词的最高级前。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
6.用在表示演奏的西洋乐器之前。
They are practicing the guitar for the school concert. 他们正在为学校音乐会练习吉他。
7.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Turners were having lunch when I got there.我到那里的时候,特纳一家正在吃午饭。
8.用在世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
Fashion in the 2000s was influenced by digital culture. 21 世纪初的时尚受到数字文化的影响。
The Ming Dynasty built most of the Great Wall we see today. 我们今天看到的长城大部分是明朝修建的。
9.用在表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、运河、岛屿等名词前。
The West Lake in Hangzhou is a famous tourist attraction.杭州的西湖是著名的旅游景点。
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth.太平洋是地球上最大的海洋。
10. “the+形容词”或“the+可数名词单数”表示一类事物。
The nurse takes good care of the sick in the hospital.护士在医院里悉心照料病人。
11.用在表示方位名词之前。
Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
12.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
The British Museum has a huge collection of ancient artifacts.大英博物馆收藏了大量古代文物。
02 含定冠词的介词短语
at the moment 此刻
all over the country 遍及全国
at the age of 在…… 岁时
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便提及
in the dark 在暗处
in the distance 在远处
in the future 将来
in the form of 以……的形式
on the air 在广播
on the spot 当场
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the whole 总的说来
on the rise 在增长
on the contrary 相反
out of the question 不可能
in the daytime 在白天
not in the least 毫不
in the way 挡路
for the time being 暂时
at the end of 在…… 末端
by the end of 到…… 结束时
in the beginning 在开始
at the beginning of 在…… 开始时
all over the world 全世界
by the hour/day按小时/日
to the point 切题
03 含定冠词的动词短语
make the best of 充分利用
take the place of 替代
burn the midnight oil 开夜车
keep the house 居家不出门
make the most of 充分利用
tell the truth 说真话
hit sb. in the face 击中某人的面部
meet the deadline 赶上截止日期之前
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining balance of our ecosystem.
1.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我也更加深刻地认识到植物在维持我们生态系统平衡中所扮演的角色。在名词短语balance of our ecosystem中,balance被后置定语of our ecosystem明确限定,表特指某一具体的平衡,需用定冠词修饰,故填the。
2.It is recently reported that number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining.
2.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:最近有报道称,坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降。结合“is slowly declining”可知,此处特指“坚持传统饮食的人数”,应用定冠词the,the number of意为“……的数目,……的数量”。故填the。
3.First impressions are most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to make a first impression.
3.the, a
解析:考查冠词。句意:第一印象是最持久的。毕竟,你永远不会再有一次机会给别人留下第一印象。第一空应用the修饰形容词最高级most lasting,the most lasting意为“最持久的”;第二空表示泛指“再一次机会”,应用不定冠词,且second是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,a second chance表示“又一次/再一次机会”。故填the;a。
4.As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
4.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。形容词的最高级的前面用定冠词the。故填the。
5.I consider myself very lucky because I was only one of the students who won a medal.
5.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我认为自己很幸运,因为我是学生们当中唯一一个赢得奖牌的人。only作定语修饰名词,表示“唯一的”时,其前面多用定冠词,即构成“the only+名词”结构。故填the。
6. Greens are a happy couple; they have been married for 30 years.
6.The
解析:考查冠词。句意:格林夫妇是一对幸福的夫妇,他们已经结婚30年了。根据空后“Greens”和句意可知,此处表示“格林夫妇”,应用“the+姓氏复数”结构,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”,且该空位于句首,首字母应大写。故填The。
7.The great scientist will come to give us a lecture on morning of Sunday this week.
7.the
解析:考查定冠词。句意:这位伟大的科学家将在本周日上午给我们做一场讲座。morning of Sunday this week(本周日上午)是一个特定的时间,在表示特定的某一天的上午、下午或晚上时,要用定冠词the。故填the。
8.At same time, Houston's Mission Control worked hard to help the astronauts return to Earth safely.
8.the
解析:考查固定短语。句意:与此同时,休斯顿任务控制中心努力帮助宇航员安全返回地球。“at the same time”是固定短语,意为“同时”,此处需要用定冠词the。故填the。
9.As Spring Festival approaches, global brands are launching special edition products to welcome the Year of the Rabbit.
9.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:随着春节的临近,全球品牌纷纷推出特别版产品来迎接兔年。“Spring Festival”(春节)是中国的传统节日,属于专有名词,在英语中,表示特定的节日、节气等专有名词前通常要加定冠词the。故填the。
10.Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to former.
10.the
解析:考查冠词。句意:在失业率和犯罪率高的地方,可以认为后者是前者造成的。former和latter是成对使用的,表示“前者”和“后者”,前面需要加定冠词the。故填the。
01 使用零冠词场合
1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词的名词前不用冠词。
Wisdom comes from experience. 智慧源于经验。
2.有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词。
The children's toys are scattered all over the floor. 孩子们的玩具散落在地板上。
3.表示学科、语言、球类、棋类的名词前不用冠词。
He speaks English and French fluently. 他能流利地说英语和法语。
We often play basketball after school. 我们放学后经常打篮球。
4.表示一日三餐名词前不用冠词。
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. 早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。
5.表示星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前不用冠词。
Easter is celebrated in many Western countries. 许多西方国家庆祝复活节。
6.复数名词表示类属时前不用冠词。
Teachers play an important role in education. 教师在教育中扮演重要角色。
7.表示职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。
They appointed him manager of the department. 他们任命他为部门经理。
8. by表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。
They traveled to France by plane. 他们乘飞机去法国旅行。
02 不含冠词的短语
at ease 无拘无束
at first 最初
at hand 在手边
at length 终于,详细地
at most 至多
at peace 和平时期
at random 随意地
at risk 在危险中
at war 在交战
by accident 无意中
by chance 偶然,无意地
by design 出于谋划
by force 用武力
by hand 用手工
by mistake 错误地
by name 名叫,凭名字
by nature 天生地
in advance 预先,事先
in danger 在危险中
in despair 在绝望中
in detail 极详细地
in order 整齐地
in person 本人,亲自
in place 在适当的地方
in return 作为回报
in surprise 惊讶地
in turn 轮流;反过来
in vain 徒劳地
on average 平均
on board 在船上/飞机上
on demand 一经要求
on display/show 被展示
on earth 在世界上;究竟
on foot 步行
on guard 在值勤
on purpose 故意地
03 有无冠词意义不同的短语
1.by sea 由海路vs by the sea 在海边
2.by day在白天vs by the day按日计算
3.in office 执政vs in the office 在办公室里
4.in store 储存vs in the store 在商店里
5.on earth 究竟,到底vs on the earth 在地球上
6.in charge of负责... vs in the charge of 由……负责
7.in possession of拥有... vs in the possession of 为……所有
8.in front of在…(外部)前面vs in the front of在…(内部)前面
9.out of question不成问题vs out of the question 不可能
10. sit at table 坐下吃饭vs sit at the table 坐在桌旁
11.leave school毕业,辍学vs leave the school离校
12.go to church 做礼拜vs go to the church 去教堂
13.go to school 去上学vs go to the school 去学校
14.go to sea 出海vs go to the sea 去海边
15.in case of 万一vs in the case of就…… 而言
She is in charge of the marketing department. 她负责管理市场部。
The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer. 这个项目由一位资深工程师负责。
With his rich experience, finishing the task on time is out of question.
以他丰富的经验,按时完成任务是不成问题的。
Asking him to apologize? That’s out of the question. He’s too stubborn.
让他道歉?绝无可能。他太固执了。
The kids sat at the table, coloring pictures instead of eating.孩子们坐在桌旁画画,没有吃饭。
The family sat at table quietly, enjoying the homemade dinner.一家人坐下吃饭,安静地享用家常菜。
【跟踪训练1】单句改错
1. (山东2006)For him the stage is just means of making a living.
2. (全国II 2004)If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off price.
3. (湖南2004)For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break silence.
4. (江苏2004) Tom owns the larger collection of books than any other student in our class.
5. (辽宁2004)When you finish reading the book, you will have the better understanding of life.
6. (上海2004春) As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by an hour.
7. (辽宁2012)I woke up with bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.
8. (全国2011I)It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
9. (浙江2011)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
10. (重庆2010) Everything comes with a price; there is no such a thing as free lunch in the world.
【答案】
1. means前加a 2. price前加the 3. silence前加the 4. the改为a 5. a better 6. an 改为the 7.bad前加a 8. man前加a 9. Picasso前加a 10. 去掉such后a
01 基数词的基本用法
1.基数词的构成
①1~12独立成词。
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
②13~19的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼写。
③表示整十的基数词:20~90的基数词都以ty结尾。特别注意twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety的写法。
④21~99的写法是:十位数加个位数,中间用连字符号“”连接。如:26 twenty-six;57 fifty-sevenz。
⑤101~999的构成是:百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如:123 one hundred and twenty-three。
⑥hundred,thousand,million,billion等词表示具体数目,直接前加基数词;表示不确定数目,既加s,又加of。three hundred students三百名学生 thousands of students成千上万的学生。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
one
eleven
thirty
two
twelve
forty
three
thirteen
fifty
four
fourteen
sixty
five
fifteen
seventy
six
sixteen
eighty
seven
seventeen
ninety
eight
eighteen
hundred
nine
nineteen
thousand
ten
twenty
million/billion
2.基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight。
③表示时刻。7:00读作seven o'clock;8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty;3:05读作five past three/three five
5:48读作twelve to six/five fort图片yeight。
④表示顺序。单数名词+基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如:
Class Two,Room12,No.3 Middle School
注:“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如:Lesson Three=the third lesson
⑤“数词+单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如:a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。ten years old,3600 meters long
⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。
In his sixties,he rode a bike round the world.
The light was invented in the 1870s.
⑧与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。
another three hours,two more cakes
02 序数词的基本用法
1.序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six-→sixth,seven-→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。
twenty-one→twentyfirs,thirtytwo→thirty-second,two hundred and ninetyeight→two hundred and ninetyeighth
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth。
注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
first
eleventh
thirtieth
second
twelfth
fortieth
third
thirteenth
fiftieth
fourth
fourteenth
sixtieth
fifth
fifteenth
seventieth
sixth
sixteenth
eightieth
seventh
seventeenth
ninetieth
eighth
eighteenth
hundredth
ninth
nineteenth
thousandth
tenth
twentieth
millionth/billionth
⑤基数词变序数词要遵循以下原则:
一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成; 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加eth; 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
2.序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,其前须用定冠词the,后接单数名词。
I'm the first one to arrive here.
易错题型:如序数词前出现人称代词,则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时,则关系代词只能用that。
Today is my thirtieth birthday.
②用于最高级前。
John is the second tallest boy in our class.
③分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子为l,分母用单数,分子大于l,分母用复数。
one fifth,three fifths
—些习惯用法:1/4也可表示为a quarter,3/4也可表示为three quarters,1/2也可表示为a half
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。
Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。
⑤表示数量上再增加“一”,用:a(an)+序数词+单数名词。
She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。
基数词变序数词口诀
基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;
一二三,特殊记,
八加h,九去e,ve要用f替,
以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记;
若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
03 数词命题热点
1.序数词前往往加the;序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再”。
The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。
We have tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?
2.基数词+量词+形容词表示年龄、长、宽、高、面积等,在句中作表语或后置定语。
The giraffe is five meters tall. 这只长颈鹿 5 米高。
They built a road ten miles long last year. 他们去年修了一条 10 英里长的路。
3.分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:
a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三
4.分数修饰名词时,需在分数后加 of,且名词的单复数由所修饰的名词本身决定。
Three fourths of the orange looks fresh. 橙子的四分之三看起来很新鲜。
A quarter of the land is covered in forests. 四分之一的土地被森林覆盖。
5.数词其他重要表达方式
half an hour半小时
one and a half hours=one hour and a half一个半小时
an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩
a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程
two more hours=another two hours再多两个小时
6.数词用于比较等级表示倍数
用法
示例
倍数词+as…as…
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
倍数词+比较级+than…
He runs twice faster than his brother.他跑得比弟弟快两倍。
倍数词+the名词+of+短语
The elephant is twenty times the weight of the dog.
这头大象的重量是这只狗的 20 倍。
【跟踪训练】
1.The population now in this village is five times it was ten years ago.
1.what
解析:考查倍数表达。句意:现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。此处为倍数表达法:倍数+what从句,故填what。
2.Now, Cao has started the (two) part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.
2.second
解析:考查序数词。句意:现在,曹已经开始了他梦想的第二部分——沿着“一带一路”走下去。由于所填词前有the修饰,其后接了单数可数名词part,要将基数词two变成对应的序数词second,表示“第二”。故填second。
3.It is reported that the United States uses twice much energy as the whole of Europe.
3.as
解析:考查倍数表达法。句意:据报道,美国的能源消耗量是整个欧洲的两倍。该句属于“倍数+as...as...”结构。故填as。
4.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is (two) as expensive.
4.twice
解析:考查倍数。句意:我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的房子要小得多,但是价格却是我们房子价格的两倍。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处是想表达倍数,结构为“倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构,其中比较对象可以省略。“两倍”的正确表达为twice,该句后半句的完整形式为 but it is twice as expensive as ours。故填twice。
5.So some buildings don’t have the thirteenth floor. Instead, they go from the (twelve) to the fourteenth floor.
5.twelfth
解析:考查序数词。句意:因此一些建筑物没有十三楼, 相反, 它们是从十二楼直接上到十四楼。根据句中的thirteenth和fourteenth可知,此处应用twelve的序数词twelfth,表示“第十二”故填twelfth。
6.It’s the (five) time that I have been to Hangzhou.
6.fifth
解析:考查序数词。句意:这是我第五次去杭州了。分析句子可知,设空处应填序数词修饰名词“time”,表示“第五次”,所给词five的序数词形式是fifth。故填fifth。
7.The (nine) Asian Winter Games will be held in 2025 in the city of Harbin.
7.ninth
解析:考查序数词。句意:第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年在哈尔滨市举行。根据The和Asian Winter Games可知,修饰单数名词Asian Winter Games,定冠词the后用序数词ninth “第九”,作定语。故填ninth。
8.Sports team owners spend (million) of dollars attracting top talent.
8.millions
解析:考查名词。句意:运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。millions of意为“数百万的”,为固定搭配。故填millions。
9.More than a quarter of modern medicines (origin) from tropical forest plants.
9.originate
解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:超过四分之一的现代药物来源于热带森林植物。空处作谓语,应用origin的动词形式originate,意为“起源,产生”,动词短语originate from意为“起源于”,且此处描述科学事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语More than a quarter of modern medicines中名词medicines为复数,originate应用复数形式。故填originate。
10.One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.
10.is;are
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个国家的三分之一被树木覆盖,大多数公民是黑人。根据句意可知,该句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。be covered with表示“被……覆盖”,第①空主语“One-third of the country”是单数,故谓语动词用单数,be动词用is,第②空主语“the majority of the citizens”是复数,其谓语应为be动词,所以应用复数,be动词用are。故填①is②are。
(
冠词和数词
综合能力提升
)
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025年浙江 1月卷)The price of fashion – economically and environmentally – has led to the rise of _______ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too.
1. a
解析:考查冠词。way此处意为“方式”,为可数名词,且new以辅音音素开头,故填a,表示泛指。
2.(2023新课标I卷)The meat should be fresh with _______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
2.a
解析:考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
3.(2022全国甲卷)_______ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
3. A
解析:考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
4.(2021新课标I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _______ must to visit!
4. a
解析:句意为:你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山!泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
5.(2025全国一卷)Go is one of _______ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.
5. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
6.(2025八省联考卷)Chinese plays an increasingly important role in improving communication and cooperation between China and and _______ rest of the world.
6. The
解析:考查冠词。句意:中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。the rest of...“……的其余部分”,为固定短语,本空用冠词the,符合题意。故填the。
7.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for _______first time.
7. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
8.(2024年浙江 1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, _______ other stays fresh.
8. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
9.(2023新课标II卷)Not the pandas, even though____________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
9. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
10.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
10. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
11.(2022新课标I卷)Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
11. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
12.(2022新课标II卷)___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
12. The
解析:考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
13.(2022全国乙卷)To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
13. the
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
14.(2022年浙江 1月题)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
14. the
解析: 考查冠词。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
15.(2021全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ___________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
15. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
16.(2021全国乙卷)Due to ___________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
16. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
17.(2021浙江卷)____________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
17. The
解析:考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
18.(2020新课标II卷)The plum trees are __________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).
18. the
解析:考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
19.(2020浙江卷)Then,with ___________ rise of science,changes began.
19. the
解析:考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
20.(2019新课标I卷)Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
20. the
解析:考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
21.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the __________ (six) century, B. C.
21. sixth
解析:考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
22.(2021新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the __________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
22. seventh
解析:考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
二、冠词与语法填空
(24-25高二上·福建莆田·期末)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yang Shi’e was 1 outstanding figure in China’s underwater acoustics field, dedicating his entire life to China’s underwater acoustics cause.
Born 2 1931, he endured wars during his childhood, 3 strengthened his determination 4 (save) the country through science. In 1950, he left Tsinghua University before graduation to join the army, and later participated in the preparation for the establishment of the Harbin Institute of Military Engineering. Due to the country’s needs, he switched to 5 (research) underwater acoustics. After returning to China in 1960, he founded China’s first comprehensive underwater acoustics engineering major that integrates science and engineering with comprehensive coverage. He compiled many important 6 (work) such as Underwater Noise Science, pioneering a new pattern in China’s underwater acoustics education.
Yang Shi’e rooted 7 (he) in underwater acoustics education for nearly 70 years, cultivating more than 110 master’s and doctoral students, and teaching thousands of students. Even in his 90s, he still insisted 8 giving lectures to students. With the spirit of “standing firm until the end” and a rigorous academic attitude, he was 9 (deep) loved by students. He passed away in 2024. In September of the same year, the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee posthumously awarded him the title of “Model of the Times” in recognition of his outstanding contributions to China’s underwater acoustics science and technology as well as 10 (educate).
【答案】
1.an 2.in 3.which 4.to save 5.researching 6.works 7.himself 8.on 9.deeply 10.education
【导语】这是一篇人物传记。文章讲述杨士莪是中国水声领域杰出人物,毕生奉献该事业,获“时代楷模”称号,贡献卓越。
1.考查冠词。句意:杨士莪是中国水声领域的一位杰出人物,毕生致力于中国的水声事业。这里指“一位杰出人物”,应用不定冠词修饰可数名词figure,且outstanding是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
2.考查介词。句意:他生于1931年,童年经历战争,这更加坚定了他科技救国的决心。表示“生于某年”应用介词in。故填in。
3.考查定语从句。句意:他生于1931年,童年经历战争,这更加坚定了他科技救国的决心。此处考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:他生于1931年,童年经历战争,这更加坚定了他科技救国的决心。此处为固定搭配determination to do sth意为“做某事的决心”,此处应用动词不定式作定语。故填to save。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:由于国家需要,他转而研究水声。此处为switch to doing sth, 为固定搭配,意为“转而做某事”,to为介词,后接动名词作宾语,research的动名词形式为researching。故填researching。
6.考查名词复数。句意:他编撰了《水下噪声学》等多部重要著作,开创了中国水声教育的新格局。many后接可数名词复数形式,work作“著作”讲时为可数名词,其复数形式为works。故填works。
7.考查代词。句意:杨士莪深耕水声教育近70年,培养了110多名硕士、博士研究生,教过数千名学生。分析句子结构可知,此处应用反身代词作宾语,he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。
8.考查介词。句意:即使在90多岁高龄,他仍然坚持给学生上课。此处为insist on doing sth,为固定搭配,意为“坚持做某事”,符合语境。故填on。
9.考查副词。句意:他以“站好最后一班岗”的精神和严谨的治学态度,深受学生爱戴。此处应用副词修饰动词loved,deep的副词形式为deeply,表“深深地”,符合语境。故填deeply。
10.考查名词。句意:同年9月,中共中央宣传部追授他“时代楷模”称号,以表彰他为中国水声科技和教育事业作出的杰出贡献。此处应用名词与“science and technology”并列作介词to的宾语,educate的名词形式为education,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填education。
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