Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、核心单词 shot（投球，射球，击球）、bump（隆起之处）、bounce（使弹起，使反弹）、warrior（武士，战士）、hoop（篮球中的篮圈）、muddy（沾满泥的，泥泞的）、sharpen（使提高，使改进）、expectation（预料，预期，期待）、net（网，球网）、burst（突然出现）、surgery（外科手术）、defeat（战胜，打败）、steely（钢铁般的，坚定的）、teamwork（合作，协作）、tournament（锦标赛） 二、拓展单词 association（协会，社团；联想，联系）、associated（有关联的）、sharpen（使提高）与sharp（锋利的）、cooperation（合作，协作）、cooperate（合作）、intense（紧张的，激烈的）、intensely（强烈地）、intensity（强烈，紧张） 三、重点短语 the most athletic player（最有运动天赋的运动员）、get a point（得分）、a far cry from（与……大不相同）、attach...to...（把……固定，把……附在……上）、in all directions（四处，四面八方）、day in and day out（日复一日）、give way（倒塌，向下垮）、carry on（继续）、continuous efforts（不断的努力）、the Most Valuable Player（最有价值的球员）、in a row（连续地）、set out to do sth.（开始做某事）、put in（花费，投入时间或精力）、living proof（活生生的例证）、determination to succeed（取得成功的决心） 时文拓展阅读 Bill Bowerman was a track coach. He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learnt how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971. Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes（鞋钉）on the sole（鞋底）. The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners. To make a lighter shoe，Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole，he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill dug through his wife Barbara’s jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was defeated. Then，one Sunday morning，Barbara made Bill waffles（华夫饼）for breakfast. Bill watched her cook. He studied the criss - cross pattern on a waffle iron. Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were flatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes hold any surface without tearing into it. When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that，when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron—and the Waffle Trainer was born. Bills company put the Waffle Trainer on market in 1974. It was a huge hit. Maybe you've heard of that company—it’s called Nike. And today it’s worth around $100 billion. It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill’s life—and helped turn Nike into a well - known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table. 【译文欣赏】 比尔·鲍尔曼是一名田径教练。他想帮助运动员跑得更快，因此学会了如何制作跑鞋。他还和一位朋友创办了一家鞋类公司。那是在1971年，当时的跑鞋很笨重，鞋底有鞋钉。这些鞋钉会损坏跑道，还会让跑步者速度变慢。 为了制作更轻便的鞋子，比尔尝试了鱼皮。为了制作更好的鞋底，他想换掉鞋钉。比尔翻遍了妻子芭芭拉的首饰盒，希望能找到一件带有有趣图案的首饰，然后将图案复制到新鞋底上。但都没有成功，比尔受挫了。 后来，一个周日的早晨，芭芭拉给比尔做华夫饼当早餐。比尔看着她做饭，研究起华夫饼烤盘上的十字交叉图案。灵感突然来了。华夫饼烤盘上的图案正是比尔在寻找的。这些方格比锋利的鞋钉更平、更宽，这种图案能帮助鞋子抓附任何表面，而不会损坏表面。 芭芭拉离开家后，比尔跑到自己的实验室。他取出一种液态化学物质，这种物质混合后会硬化成鞋底。他把混合物倒进华夫饼烤盘里，于是华夫训练鞋诞生了。 比尔的公司在1974年将华夫训练鞋推向市场，大获成功。也许你听说过那家公司，它就是耐克。如今，耐克市值约1000亿美元。 正是这个华夫饼烤盘改变了比尔的人生轨迹，也帮助耐克成为了一个知名品牌。如今，这个华夫饼烤盘被保存在耐克总部。它提醒着人们，如果我们坚持不懈，即使是最困难的问题也能找到解决方案。而且这些解决方案可能来自意想不到的地方，甚至是早餐桌。 【词汇积累】 重点单词：track（跑道；田径）、spike（鞋钉）、sole（鞋底）、waffle（华夫饼）、pattern（图案）、inspiration（灵感）、chemical（化学物质）、headquarters（总部）。 重点短语：slow down（使减速）、dig through（翻找）、strike sb.（某人突然想到）、give way（失败；屈服）、a huge hit（大获成功）。 【知识拓展】 运动鞋发展：文中介绍了耐克华夫训练鞋的诞生过程，反映了运动鞋设计研发往往源于实际需求和生活中的灵感。随着科技发展，如今运动鞋在材质、设计上不断创新，如采用轻质透气的面料、智能感应技术等，以更好地满足运动员和消费者的需求。 耐克品牌：耐克是全球著名的运动品牌，除了运动鞋，还生产运动服装、配饰等多种产品。其凭借创新的设计、高品质的产品和强大的营销手段，在全球运动市场占据重要地位，赞助了众多知名运动员和体育赛事，“Just Do It”的口号深入人心。 【词汇延伸】 与“track”相关：track and field（田径运动）、track meet（田径比赛）、track record（记录；业绩）。 与“chemical”相关：chemistry（化学）、chemist（化学家；药剂师）、chemical reaction（化学反应）。 与“inspiration”相关：inspire（激励；启发）、inspiring（鼓舞人心的）、inspired（受启发的）。 高考真题链接 （2023年天津卷第一次高考） One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out:  “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re here every Monday morning.” The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so happy. Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. 39．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________ A．nervous B．amazed C．frightened D．calm 40．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers? A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again. C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career 41．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping? A．She hesitated a bit before going. B．She suffered from a heart problem. C．She stayed in cold water too long. D．She regretted not doing enough warm up. 42．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author? A．She is more intelligent. B．She gets more competitive. C．She becomes a better storyteller. D．She regains her inner peace. 43．What message does the author most likely want to convey? A．Severe cold builds up character B．Group wisdom brightens our life. C．Tackling the odds together cures. D．Doing sports promotes friendship. 【答案】39．B 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在冰冷的湖中潜泳的经历，并且分享了参与这个活动的人们所带来的快乐和支持。通过这个经历，作者能够重新调整和振作起来，带着更强大的力量面对生活中的挑战。 39．推理判断题。根据第一段“Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. (然后我看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里跳上跳下。他们手牵着手，对着天空大喊大叫。他们看起来很自由，听起来也很自由。)”以及第二段“I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. (我一直觉得冰冷的水让人兴奋。它的冲击感就像按下一个按钮。似乎它能够重新调整我的身体和灵魂)”和第四段“The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out:   “You guys are awesome!” (冰勇士们从湖中冒出来，浑身冒着热气。他们颤抖着，但仍然笑着，互相拥抱着。我喊道：“你们太棒了!”)”可知，冷水让作者兴奋，她看到湖中的人，觉得他们太棒了，所以感觉是惊讶的。故选B项。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段“And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. (去年冬天，我确实需要重新调整一下。大多数早晨，当我强迫自己下床开始新的一天时，我都是带着一种沉闷、灰暗的感觉醒来的。我需要一些东西让自己振作起来，但我不知道是什么，直到那天。)”可知，作者去年冬天，整个人很沮丧，需要一些东西让自己振作起来，所以想加入游泳。故选B项。 41．细节理解题。根据第五段“The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. (第一次泡澡的前一天晚上，我既兴奋又紧张。冷水是一回事，但这个冰湖完全是另一回事。我应该退出吗?最后，我在黑暗中起床，驱车前往会面地点。)”可知，作者第一次尝试冬泳前，她犹豫了一下。故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. (现在我几乎每天都去游泳，我已经开始渴望那一刻，当寒冷成为我的第二层皮肤，我内心的声音安静下来。)”可知，冷水游泳使作者恢复了内心的平静。故选D项。 43．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. (具有讽刺意味的是，第一次潜水的惊险刺激使我免于沉入海底，但吸引我的是这个慷慨、心胸开阔的社区)”，倒数第二段“We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. (我们经常一起笑，但从我们分享的故事中，我知道我不是唯一一个面临生活挑战的人。去年冬天，我们手牵着手在冰冷的湖面上守望着彼此，今年也将如此。)”以及最后一段“It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. (它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。每次游泳结束后，我回到家，感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去。又一个冬天来临了，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。)”可知，作者最想传达的信息是，冬泳让自己感到惊险刺激，但是真正吸引作者的是和社区的人分享故事，一起面对生活的困难，互相鼓励，让自己感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去，所以是一起解决问题治愈人心。故选C项。 命题特点 覆盖面广：细节理解题涉及文章的方方面面，包括人物、事件、时间、地点、原因、方式等各类具体信息。例如在一篇关于历史事件的文章中，可能会考查事件发生的具体时间、地点以及参与人物等细节。 题型多样：常见的提问方式有特殊疑问句（如What, Who, When, Where, Why, How引导的问句）、一般疑问句的改写形式（如Is it true that...? ）以及以According to the passage 等开头的陈述性问题。比如“What was the main reason for the success of the project?”“According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the new technology?”等。 与原文紧密相关：答案几乎都能在原文中直接或间接找到依据，极少需要考生进行过度推理或主观臆断。 命题规律 围绕关键信息设置：通常围绕文章中的重要细节，如主题相关的细节、体现作者观点态度的细节、具有转折对比意义的细节等出题。比如在一篇探讨环保重要性的文章中，可能会针对作者列举的环境问题的具体表现或解决措施的细节设置题目。 按文章顺序出题：一般来说，题目的顺序与文章内容的先后顺序基本一致。这有助于考生按照行文顺序定位答案信息，例如第一题的答案通常在文章前部，后续题目依次往后寻找。 高频词汇处设题：文中反复出现的词汇、短语所在的句子或段落，往往容易设置细节理解题，因为这些高频内容通常是文章的重点所在。 细节理解题解题思维 关键词定位法：迅速找出题干中的关键词，然后在文中快速定位包含关键词或其同义词、近义词的句子或段落，进而确定答案。例如题干中出现“the latest research findings”，考生可在文中查找与“latest research”“findings”相关的表述。 分析逻辑关系：注意句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、并列等。有时正确答案需要通过理解这些逻辑关系来获取。比如文章中出现“because”“therefore”“however”等词时，要格外留意其前后的细节信息。 整合信息：对于一些需要综合多个句子或段落信息才能得出答案的题目，要将相关信息进行整合、归纳和总结。例如在介绍多种产品特点的文章中，可能需要将不同产品的优势信息整合起来回答关于产品对比的问题。 细节理解干扰项特征 部分正确：选项中部分内容与原文相符，但另一部分与原文不符或在原文中未提及，具有很强的迷惑性。 颠倒因果：把原文中的原因和结果颠倒过来，形成错误选项。 改变程度：对原文中描述的事物的程度进行夸大或缩小。 混淆时态：将原文中的过去、现在、将来等不同时态进行混淆。 1.“Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water.” 结构：see sb. doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事 ），“in bathing suits”是后置定语修饰“people” 。 表意：作者看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里蹦跳，呈现冬日里反常又充满活力的场景。 2.“The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul.” 结构：首句是比喻（like引导），次句“seem to do”表推测 。 表意：用“按开关”比喻冷水冲击的感受，强调其能“重置”身心，呼应作者对冷水刺激的独特体验。 3.“I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day.” 结构：“as”引导时间状语从句，“with + 情感名词”表伴随状态 。 表意：描述作者此前冬日早晨的负面状态——因强迫自己起床，带着沉闷、灰暗情绪醒来，为后文“reset（重置）”需求做铺垫。 4.“Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out?” 结构：“but”表转折对比；“Should I back out?”是一般疑问句表内心犹豫 。 表意：通过冷水和冰湖的对比，突出冰湖挑战更大，展现作者首次尝试冰泳前的纠结——想退缩又想突破。 1. bounce up and down：蹦蹦跳跳；上下弹跳 ，文中描述人们穿着泳衣在水里“bounce up and down”，呈现活跃状态 。 2. press a switch：按开关 ，文中用其比喻冷水冲击像“press a switch”重启身心 。 3. force oneself out of bed：强迫自己起床 ，对应作者冬日勉强起床的状态 。 4. cheer oneself up：让自己高兴起来；使自己振作 ，作者想借此改变情绪 。 5. emerge from：从……中出现；浮现 ，用于描述冰勇士从湖中出来 。 6. wave back：挥手回应 ，女士对作者呼喊做出的动作 。 7. back out：退缩；退出 ，作者临第一次冰泳前纠结是否“back out” 。 8. get up：起床 ，“got up in the dark”体现早起去冰泳集合点 。 9. drive to：开车前往 ，说明前往集合点的交通方式 。 10. freezing morning：寒冷的早晨 ，开篇点明时间场景的短语 。 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·河南信阳一模） KidsWorldFun Short Story Contest Calling all young writers from around the world! It’s time to release your creativity and share your incredible stories with us. KidsWorldFun presents the ultimate Short Story Contest, open to young people of all ages. Two Modes of Entry ● Free Entry: get the chance to win a certificate and have your story published on our website. ● Entry Fee of $10: get the chance to receive a cash prize as well as a certificate and have your story published. Payment links will be sent via email for these entries. Amazing Prizes Await First Prize: $100, certificate and publication; Second Prize: $75, certificate and publication; Third Prize: $50, certificate and publication. Highly commented stories will also be published for the world to enjoy. Contest Categories and Word Limits To ensure fairness, we have set three categories for writers to choose from and minimum and maximum word limits for each category. Categories Ages Word Limits Minimum Maximum Sub-junior 7-9 300 words 1000 words Junior 10-12 500 words 1000 words Senior 13-16 700 words 1000 words Submission Guidelines● Include proof of age with your entry (scan or take a photo of your identity card). Entries without proof of age will be disqualified. ● Your story must be original and unpublished. ● Type your story out. Our judges will evaluate each story based on content, language and writing style. Their decision will be final. For more information, please contact us at enquiry@kidsworldfun.com. We’re here to assist you every step of the way. Don’t miss this incredible opportunity to showcase your talent and win amazing prizes! Enter the KidsWorldFun Short Story Contest today! 1．What may a free entry second prize winner get? A．A reward of $10. B．A certificate and publication. C．Prize money and honors. D．$75, certificate and publication. 2．Which of the following meets the entry requirements? A．A handwritten draft. B．A science fiction of 1500 words. C．An award-winning essay. D．A printout of a 900-word original story. 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote a reading website. B．To appeal for participation. C．To explain an application process. D．To teach kids writing principles. Passage 2 【2024届贵州省六盘水市高三第二次诊断性试题】 In 1997, the Hungarian biochemist Katalin Kariko met another struggling researcher, the American immunologist Drew Weissman, as they queued to copy scientific papers at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). Due to the lack of funding for their work, the two scientists found a common scientific interest and decided to cooperate. Then they jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. But while both scientists endured years of professional struggle on the way to the huge approval, Kariko had to overcome greater difficulties than Weissman. Kariko worked in a few different research jobs before landing a junior position at the University of Pennsylvania. And for many years her career at the UPenn was fragile. She migrated from lab to lab, relying on one senior scientist after another to take her in. She never made more than $60,000 a year. She struggled to raise the funding essential for a scientific career and never had a stable position. Kariko said she endured being made fun of by university colleagues for her dogged pursuit. In 2013, she was kicked out from UPenn — forced to retire. She said in an interview that the university told her that she was unfit for her work. Yet the scientist’s commitment to her work did not falter. “When I was terminated (终止), I didn’t feel sorry for myself,” she said. “I have to focus all the energy on seeking out what’s next.” In a news conference held at UPenn, she encouraged young scientists to love learning to solve problems and to be prepared for failure. Researchers in her field are full of admiration for her generosity and persistence. “She is really the soul of perseverance and what it takes to be a great researcher,” Elliot Barnathan, a cardiologist who hired Kariko, said. 4．What was the difficulty that Kariko faced at the UPenn? A．Little support. B．Being laughed at. C．Working in different jobs. D．Migrating from place to place. 5．What does the underlined word “falter” mean in paragraph 2? A．Weaken. B．Quit. C．Fail. D．Insist. 6．How did Kariko respond to her termination from UPenn? A．She retired from her scientific work. B．She sought revenge against the university. C．She focused on finding new opportunities. D．She became discouraged by the challenges. 7．Why does the author write the text? A．To tell Kariko’s story. B．To show Kariko’s hardship. C．To list Kariko’s achievements. D．To highlight Kariko’s persistence. Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） Researchers have developed a material made of collagen protein (胶原蛋白) from pig’s skin, which resembles the human cornea (眼角膜) and restored vision to 20 people. The promising result of the trial brings hope to people suffering from corneal blindness. An estimated 12.7 million people around the world are blind due to their corneas being damaged or diseased. Their only way of regaining vision is to receive a transplanted cornea from a human donor. But just one in 70 patients receives a cornea transplant. Furthermore, most of them live in low and middle-income countries in which access to treatments is very limited. To avoid the above disadvantages of traditional cornea treatment, the researchers used collagen protein from pig’s skin. “It is possible to develop a biomaterial that meets all the criteria for being used as human implants (移植物), which can be mass-produced and reach more people with vision problems,” said Professor Neil Lagali. While donated corneas must be used within two weeks, the bioengineered corneas can be stored for up to two years before use. The pig skin used is a byproduct of the food industry, making it easy to access. The researchers have also developed a new surgical method for treating the disease. No stitches (缝针) are needed with this new method. In a pilot study, 14 of the 20 participants were blind before the operation. After two years, all of the patients regained their sight. Three of the Indian participants who had been blind had perfect vision after the operation. The researchers also want to study whether the technology can be used to treat more eye diseases, and whether the implant can be adapted to the individual for even greater effectiveness. 1．What is the disadvantage of traditional cornea treatment? A．Serious side effects. B．Low availability rate. C．Poor medical equipment. D．Complicated surgical process. 2．What do we know about the biomaterial? A．It has higher production costs. B．It can be stored for much longer. C．It is able to be used for several times. D．It can help people prevent vision problems. 3．Which of the following best describes the new surgical method? A．Successful. B．Ineffective. C．Convenient. D．Controversial. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To spread knowledge about cornea donation. B．To show the difficulties of treating blindness. C．To call on people to protect their eyes properly. D．To present a new breakthrough in the medical field. Passage 4 （2024届·四川眉山一模） While sweat serves as the built-in air conditioner, sweating it out can have many: other surprising health benefits. 1 It Eases Pain Did you wake up with back pain? 2 Then the best way to relieve your pain is to work up a sweat. It might be very tempting to skip this step since pain will make you want to sit still. But actually increasing your heart rate and working up a sweat is one of the best things you can do for your pain while sitting around will just make you even more stiff and sore. It Gets Rid of Toxins(毒素) Our bodies are subject to a lot of toxins throughout our everyday lives. 3 Sweating is a great way to expel (排出) those toxins from the body, which serves to better your immune system. It can also help get rid of substances like alcohol and salt. 4 Along with the sense of accomplishment from working out, working up a sweat releases endorphins (内啡肽), which make you happy. Sweating helps relieve stress and promote relaxation. Next time you’re feeling stressed out or need a break to clear your mind, think about hitting up a hot yoga class or taking a few minutes for yourself in the sauna (桑拿) to ease your mind, It Helps You Avoid Kidney Stones One of the lesser-known benefits of sweating is that it lowers the risk of getting kidney (肾) stones. Research has shown that sweating helps you get rid of salt and keep calcium in your bones. 5 The more frequently you find yourself sweating, the better. A．It Makes You Happier B．Are you sore from yesterday’s workout? C．Pain is usually caused by toxins produced in the body. D．Here are some top benefits of sweating in summer. E．Sweating also helps prevent pollutants from entering the body. F．This helps keep those elements from your kidneys where small stones will form. G．They come from the pollution in the air, our food, and are created naturally in the body. Passage5 （2024届·四川南充一模） There are hundreds of genres (流派) of music, so while some might like one kind, others might like something completely different. Why do people like different kinds of music? 6 At the same time, music can also help us feel like part of a group or a culture, especially one that shares an interest in a certain kind of music. Music can also be nostalgic, that is, it creates a kind of longing for the past. Musicians leave behind a footprint with their music. 7 Even long after the musicians are gone, people still find something in the musicians’ recordings that they can enjoy. We may also find that the music we like is strongly tied to our memory. Maybe there was a song that someone sang to us when we were little that brings up good memories. 8 When we listen to music that we like, a chemical called dopamine is sometimes released in the brain, which can make us feel good. 9 There are some algorithms (算法) today that can help pick up on the kind of music we like. When we are streaming music, some programs will let us like or dislike songs. People’s taste in music can remain the same in their whole life or it can change many times. But the truth is, we don’t know all the exact answers to why people like different kinds of music — or sports, or food, or colors. 10 We are all different people who like different things. A．It’s music to our ears. B．Music can be a part of our identity. C．It becomes a mirror that we are holding up. D．They leave a permanent mark in people’s lives. E．Therefore, we might want to listen to a song on repeat. F．Other times, we might find music can bring up sad memories. G．There are lots of different factors that can influence our preferences. Passage6 （2024届·河南信阳一模） During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general 1 of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(an) 2 way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented(补充) my self-introduction to 3 American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the 4 . In response, I looked down in 5 and thought that “expert” was a big word. When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to 6 . Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of 7 . At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart 8 , because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is 9 . Emotions are different enough to feel out of 10 when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel 11 , but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show 12 , but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me. We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in 13 , our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the 14 emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different 15 from where I was raised. 1．A．analysis B．state C．letter D．round 2．A．modest B．interesting C．dramatic D．proud 3．A．set B．fit C．evaluate D．recommend 4．A．approach B．situation C．topic D．course 5．A．curiosity B．pity C．disappointment D．embarrassment 6．A．play B．dine C．work D．perform 7．A．support B．noise C．fun D．argument 8．A．sank B．melted C．raced D．opened 9．A．harmonious B．normal C．strong D．distant 10．A．date B．shape C．place D．sight 11．A．reliable B．good C．serious D．careful 12．A．gratitude B．respect C．admiration D．affection 13．A．total B．advance C．detail D．reality 14．A．unbelievable B．pure C．invisible D．powerful 15．A．level B．culture C．standard D．value Passage7 （2024届·河南信阳一模） Earlier this year, I moved into a suburb of Atlanta. I decided to 16 the area on foot. On my walks, as I admired the range of residential 17 , I also admired another type of house: Little Free Libraries. I’d seen them all over Atlanta and 18 it’d be fun to build my own, but when I looked at the website’s official map, it turned out there were already a handful nearby. 19 , I decided to seek each of them out. I’ve since found six sites of these free book 20 . Without them, I would never have been able to “meet” people in my community. I quickly 21 my neighbors’ reading tastes, sorting through their small boxes of books. Each library is unique and shows the 22 of the person who built it, with 23 colors and designs. These Little Free Libraries are also the perfect way to 24 conversations with strangers. Since the pandemic began, Little Free Libraries have become a lifeline for many. They don’t 25 social distancing and everything is on an honor system. People 26 a book in exchange and some libraries have even become 27 food pantries (食品储藏柜) for people in need. In all the 28 they’ve taken on, these libraries have brought people together in a sense, especially when it feels like everything is trying to 29 us. Beyond conversation starters and personality 30 , Little Free Libraries find common ground — a precious thing, pandemic or not. 16．A．explore B．search C．measure D．clean 17．A．district B．setting C．development D．architecture 18．A．promised B．explained C．thought D．proved 19．A．Secretly B．Fortunately C．Naturally D．Cautiously 20．A．exchanges B．giveaways C．reservations D．publications 21．A．corrected B．learned C．improved D．satisfied 22．A．appearance B．expression C．health D．personality 23．A．standard B．ordinary C．varying D．new 24．A．go on with B．strike up C．break in on D．act out 25．A．require B．permit C．deserve D．guarantee 26．A．leave B．order C．edit D．write 27．A．fancy B．traditional C．private D．temporary 28．A．subjects B．burdens C．forms D．risks 29．A．inform B．persuade C．surprise D．divide 30．A．balancers B．indicators C．testers D．separators Passage8 【2024届贵州省六盘水市高三第二次诊断性试题】 Chinese chime bells are an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, 36 (play) melodically. They are also called bianzhong. These sets of chime bells were used 37 polyphonic (多音的) musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2, 000 to 3, 600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and struck with a wooden hammer. They have 38 lens-shaped section, the bell mouth has a distinctive profile, and the outer surfaces of the large bells feature studs. The sound of this musical instrument is heard by 39 (hit) the bell. The one produced depends on 40 you hit the bell. The center is the source of the primary tone. The right and left corners give the secondary tone in a 41 (high) pitch. Chime bells in ancient China 42 (reserve) for the nobles and symbolized power and wealth. In the Song Dynasty, musicians used this instrument for grand 43 (performance). In modern times, the standardized bianzhong are used by music and dance groups. A great example of the range of tones produced by these ancient instruments 44 (be) the bells of Marquis Yi, which were unearthed in 1978. These bells are still fully playable after long years and thanks to 45 (they) twin-tone capability, they can sound a complete 12-tone scale. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、核心单词 shot（投球，射球，击球）、bump（隆起之处）、bounce（使弹起，使反弹）、warrior（武士，战士）、hoop（篮球中的篮圈）、muddy（沾满泥的，泥泞的）、sharpen（使提高，使改进）、expectation（预料，预期，期待）、net（网，球网）、burst（突然出现）、surgery（外科手术）、defeat（战胜，打败）、steely（钢铁般的，坚定的）、teamwork（合作，协作）、tournament（锦标赛） 二、拓展单词 association（协会，社团；联想，联系）、associated（有关联的）、sharpen（使提高）与sharp（锋利的）、cooperation（合作，协作）、cooperate（合作）、intense（紧张的，激烈的）、intensely（强烈地）、intensity（强烈，紧张） 三、重点短语 the most athletic player（最有运动天赋的运动员）、get a point（得分）、a far cry from（与……大不相同）、attach...to...（把……固定，把……附在……上）、in all directions（四处，四面八方）、day in and day out（日复一日）、give way（倒塌，向下垮）、carry on（继续）、continuous efforts（不断的努力）、the Most Valuable Player（最有价值的球员）、in a row（连续地）、set out to do sth.（开始做某事）、put in（花费，投入时间或精力）、living proof（活生生的例证）、determination to succeed（取得成功的决心） 时文拓展阅读 Bill Bowerman was a track coach. He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learnt how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971. Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes（鞋钉）on the sole（鞋底）. The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners. To make a lighter shoe，Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole，he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill dug through his wife Barbara’s jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was defeated. Then，one Sunday morning，Barbara made Bill waffles（华夫饼）for breakfast. Bill watched her cook. He studied the criss - cross pattern on a waffle iron. Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were flatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes hold any surface without tearing into it. When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that，when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron—and the Waffle Trainer was born. Bills company put the Waffle Trainer on market in 1974. It was a huge hit. Maybe you've heard of that company—it’s called Nike. And today it’s worth around $100 billion. It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill’s life—and helped turn Nike into a well - known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table. 【译文欣赏】 比尔·鲍尔曼是一名田径教练。他想帮助运动员跑得更快，因此学会了如何制作跑鞋。他还和一位朋友创办了一家鞋类公司。那是在1971年，当时的跑鞋很笨重，鞋底有鞋钉。这些鞋钉会损坏跑道，还会让跑步者速度变慢。 为了制作更轻便的鞋子，比尔尝试了鱼皮。为了制作更好的鞋底，他想换掉鞋钉。比尔翻遍了妻子芭芭拉的首饰盒，希望能找到一件带有有趣图案的首饰，然后将图案复制到新鞋底上。但都没有成功，比尔受挫了。 后来，一个周日的早晨，芭芭拉给比尔做华夫饼当早餐。比尔看着她做饭，研究起华夫饼烤盘上的十字交叉图案。灵感突然来了。华夫饼烤盘上的图案正是比尔在寻找的。这些方格比锋利的鞋钉更平、更宽，这种图案能帮助鞋子抓附任何表面，而不会损坏表面。 芭芭拉离开家后，比尔跑到自己的实验室。他取出一种液态化学物质，这种物质混合后会硬化成鞋底。他把混合物倒进华夫饼烤盘里，于是华夫训练鞋诞生了。 比尔的公司在1974年将华夫训练鞋推向市场，大获成功。也许你听说过那家公司，它就是耐克。如今，耐克市值约1000亿美元。 正是这个华夫饼烤盘改变了比尔的人生轨迹，也帮助耐克成为了一个知名品牌。如今，这个华夫饼烤盘被保存在耐克总部。它提醒着人们，如果我们坚持不懈，即使是最困难的问题也能找到解决方案。而且这些解决方案可能来自意想不到的地方，甚至是早餐桌。 【词汇积累】 重点单词：track（跑道；田径）、spike（鞋钉）、sole（鞋底）、waffle（华夫饼）、pattern（图案）、inspiration（灵感）、chemical（化学物质）、headquarters（总部）。 重点短语：slow down（使减速）、dig through（翻找）、strike sb.（某人突然想到）、give way（失败；屈服）、a huge hit（大获成功）。 【知识拓展】 运动鞋发展：文中介绍了耐克华夫训练鞋的诞生过程，反映了运动鞋设计研发往往源于实际需求和生活中的灵感。随着科技发展，如今运动鞋在材质、设计上不断创新，如采用轻质透气的面料、智能感应技术等，以更好地满足运动员和消费者的需求。 耐克品牌：耐克是全球著名的运动品牌，除了运动鞋，还生产运动服装、配饰等多种产品。其凭借创新的设计、高品质的产品和强大的营销手段，在全球运动市场占据重要地位，赞助了众多知名运动员和体育赛事，“Just Do It”的口号深入人心。 【词汇延伸】 与“track”相关：track and field（田径运动）、track meet（田径比赛）、track record（记录；业绩）。 与“chemical”相关：chemistry（化学）、chemist（化学家；药剂师）、chemical reaction（化学反应）。 与“inspiration”相关：inspire（激励；启发）、inspiring（鼓舞人心的）、inspired（受启发的）。 高考真题链接 （2023年天津卷第一次高考） One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out:  “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re here every Monday morning.” The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so happy. Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. 39．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________ A．nervous B．amazed C．frightened D．calm 40．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers? A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again. C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career 41．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping? A．She hesitated a bit before going. B．She suffered from a heart problem. C．She stayed in cold water too long. D．She regretted not doing enough warm up. 42．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author? A．She is more intelligent. B．She gets more competitive. C．She becomes a better storyteller. D．She regains her inner peace. 43．What message does the author most likely want to convey? A．Severe cold builds up character B．Group wisdom brightens our life. C．Tackling the odds together cures. D．Doing sports promotes friendship. 【答案】39．B 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在冰冷的湖中潜泳的经历，并且分享了参与这个活动的人们所带来的快乐和支持。通过这个经历，作者能够重新调整和振作起来，带着更强大的力量面对生活中的挑战。 39．推理判断题。根据第一段“Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free. (然后我看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里跳上跳下。他们手牵着手，对着天空大喊大叫。他们看起来很自由，听起来也很自由。)”以及第二段“I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul. (我一直觉得冰冷的水让人兴奋。它的冲击感就像按下一个按钮。似乎它能够重新调整我的身体和灵魂)”和第四段“The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and hugging each other. I called out:   “You guys are awesome!” (冰勇士们从湖中冒出来，浑身冒着热气。他们颤抖着，但仍然笑着，互相拥抱着。我喊道：“你们太棒了!”)”可知，冷水让作者兴奋，她看到湖中的人，觉得他们太棒了，所以感觉是惊讶的。故选B项。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段“And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day. (去年冬天，我确实需要重新调整一下。大多数早晨，当我强迫自己下床开始新的一天时，我都是带着一种沉闷、灰暗的感觉醒来的。我需要一些东西让自己振作起来，但我不知道是什么，直到那天。)”可知，作者去年冬天，整个人很沮丧，需要一些东西让自己振作起来，所以想加入游泳。故选B项。 41．细节理解题。根据第五段“The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot. (第一次泡澡的前一天晚上，我既兴奋又紧张。冷水是一回事，但这个冰湖完全是另一回事。我应该退出吗?最后，我在黑暗中起床，驱车前往会面地点。)”可知，作者第一次尝试冬泳前，她犹豫了一下。故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second skin and my internal voice goes silent. (现在我几乎每天都去游泳，我已经开始渴望那一刻，当寒冷成为我的第二层皮肤，我内心的声音安静下来。)”可知，冷水游泳使作者恢复了内心的平静。故选D项。 43．主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically, saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls. (具有讽刺意味的是，第一次潜水的惊险刺激使我免于沉入海底，但吸引我的是这个慷慨、心胸开阔的社区)”，倒数第二段“We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only one who faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do so through this one. (我们经常一起笑，但从我们分享的故事中，我知道我不是唯一一个面临生活挑战的人。去年冬天，我们手牵着手在冰冷的湖面上守望着彼此，今年也将如此。)”以及最后一段“It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold again. (它不会解决我们生活中的所有问题，但出于某种原因，它会有所帮助。每次游泳结束后，我回到家，感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去。又一个冬天来临了，我已经准备好再次拥抱寒冷了。)”可知，作者最想传达的信息是，冬泳让自己感到惊险刺激，但是真正吸引作者的是和社区的人分享故事，一起面对生活的困难，互相鼓励，让自己感觉更强壮、更轻松，更能坚持下去，所以是一起解决问题治愈人心。故选C项。 命题特点 覆盖面广：细节理解题涉及文章的方方面面，包括人物、事件、时间、地点、原因、方式等各类具体信息。例如在一篇关于历史事件的文章中，可能会考查事件发生的具体时间、地点以及参与人物等细节。 题型多样：常见的提问方式有特殊疑问句（如What, Who, When, Where, Why, How引导的问句）、一般疑问句的改写形式（如Is it true that...? ）以及以According to the passage 等开头的陈述性问题。比如“What was the main reason for the success of the project?”“According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the new technology?”等。 与原文紧密相关：答案几乎都能在原文中直接或间接找到依据，极少需要考生进行过度推理或主观臆断。 命题规律 围绕关键信息设置：通常围绕文章中的重要细节，如主题相关的细节、体现作者观点态度的细节、具有转折对比意义的细节等出题。比如在一篇探讨环保重要性的文章中，可能会针对作者列举的环境问题的具体表现或解决措施的细节设置题目。 按文章顺序出题：一般来说，题目的顺序与文章内容的先后顺序基本一致。这有助于考生按照行文顺序定位答案信息，例如第一题的答案通常在文章前部，后续题目依次往后寻找。 高频词汇处设题：文中反复出现的词汇、短语所在的句子或段落，往往容易设置细节理解题，因为这些高频内容通常是文章的重点所在。 细节理解题解题思维 关键词定位法：迅速找出题干中的关键词，然后在文中快速定位包含关键词或其同义词、近义词的句子或段落，进而确定答案。例如题干中出现“the latest research findings”，考生可在文中查找与“latest research”“findings”相关的表述。 分析逻辑关系：注意句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、并列等。有时正确答案需要通过理解这些逻辑关系来获取。比如文章中出现“because”“therefore”“however”等词时，要格外留意其前后的细节信息。 整合信息：对于一些需要综合多个句子或段落信息才能得出答案的题目，要将相关信息进行整合、归纳和总结。例如在介绍多种产品特点的文章中，可能需要将不同产品的优势信息整合起来回答关于产品对比的问题。 细节理解干扰项特征 部分正确：选项中部分内容与原文相符，但另一部分与原文不符或在原文中未提及，具有很强的迷惑性。 颠倒因果：把原文中的原因和结果颠倒过来，形成错误选项。 改变程度：对原文中描述的事物的程度进行夸大或缩小。 混淆时态：将原文中的过去、现在、将来等不同时态进行混淆。 1.“Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing up and down in the water.” 结构：see sb. doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事 ），“in bathing suits”是后置定语修饰“people” 。 表意：作者看到一群穿着泳衣的人在水里蹦跳，呈现冬日里反常又充满活力的场景。 2.“The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and soul.” 结构：首句是比喻（like引导），次句“seem to do”表推测 。 表意：用“按开关”比喻冷水冲击的感受，强调其能“重置”身心，呼应作者对冷水刺激的独特体验。 3.“I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced myself out of bed to start the day.” 结构：“as”引导时间状语从句，“with + 情感名词”表伴随状态 。 表意：描述作者此前冬日早晨的负面状态——因强迫自己起床，带着沉闷、灰暗情绪醒来，为后文“reset（重置）”需求做铺垫。 4.“Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake was a whole other level. Should I back out?” 结构：“but”表转折对比；“Should I back out?”是一般疑问句表内心犹豫 。 表意：通过冷水和冰湖的对比，突出冰湖挑战更大，展现作者首次尝试冰泳前的纠结——想退缩又想突破。 1. bounce up and down：蹦蹦跳跳；上下弹跳 ，文中描述人们穿着泳衣在水里“bounce up and down”，呈现活跃状态 。 2. press a switch：按开关 ，文中用其比喻冷水冲击像“press a switch”重启身心 。 3. force oneself out of bed：强迫自己起床 ，对应作者冬日勉强起床的状态 。 4. cheer oneself up：让自己高兴起来；使自己振作 ，作者想借此改变情绪 。 5. emerge from：从……中出现；浮现 ，用于描述冰勇士从湖中出来 。 6. wave back：挥手回应 ，女士对作者呼喊做出的动作 。 7. back out：退缩；退出 ，作者临第一次冰泳前纠结是否“back out” 。 8. get up：起床 ，“got up in the dark”体现早起去冰泳集合点 。 9. drive to：开车前往 ，说明前往集合点的交通方式 。 10. freezing morning：寒冷的早晨 ，开篇点明时间场景的短语 。 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·河南信阳一模） KidsWorldFun Short Story Contest Calling all young writers from around the world! It’s time to release your creativity and share your incredible stories with us. KidsWorldFun presents the ultimate Short Story Contest, open to young people of all ages. Two Modes of Entry ● Free Entry: get the chance to win a certificate and have your story published on our website. ● Entry Fee of $10: get the chance to receive a cash prize as well as a certificate and have your story published. Payment links will be sent via email for these entries. Amazing Prizes Await First Prize: $100, certificate and publication; Second Prize: $75, certificate and publication; Third Prize: $50, certificate and publication. Highly commented stories will also be published for the world to enjoy. Contest Categories and Word Limits To ensure fairness, we have set three categories for writers to choose from and minimum and maximum word limits for each category. Categories Ages Word Limits Minimum Maximum Sub-junior 7-9 300 words 1000 words Junior 10-12 500 words 1000 words Senior 13-16 700 words 1000 words Submission Guidelines● Include proof of age with your entry (scan or take a photo of your identity card). Entries without proof of age will be disqualified. ● Your story must be original and unpublished. ● Type your story out. Our judges will evaluate each story based on content, language and writing style. Their decision will be final. For more information, please contact us at enquiry@kidsworldfun.com. We’re here to assist you every step of the way. Don’t miss this incredible opportunity to showcase your talent and win amazing prizes! Enter the KidsWorldFun Short Story Contest today! 1．What may a free entry second prize winner get? A．A reward of $10. B．A certificate and publication. C．Prize money and honors. D．$75, certificate and publication. 2．Which of the following meets the entry requirements? A．A handwritten draft. B．A science fiction of 1500 words. C．An award-winning essay. D．A printout of a 900-word original story. 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote a reading website. B．To appeal for participation. C．To explain an application process. D．To teach kids writing principles. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个将要举办的终极短篇小说大赛的具体事宜。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二个黑标题Amazing Prizes Await下第二行“Second Prize: $75, certificate and publication (二等奖：75美元，证书及出版)”可知，二等奖得主可以得到75美元，证书及出版。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由文章四个黑标题Submission Guidelines下第三行“Your story must be original and unpublished. (你的故事必须是原创的和未发表的。)”可知，参赛作品不能是一篇获奖文章。由文章四个黑标题Submission Guidelines下第四行“Type your story out. (把你的故事打出来。)”可知，参赛作品不能是手稿。由文章表格的最后一栏“Maximum”和“1000 words (1000字)”可知，文章字数不超过1000。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Calling all young writers from around the world!  It’s time to release your creativity and share your incredible stories with us. (号召来自世界各地的年轻作家！是时候释放你的创造力，和我们分享你不可思议的故事了。)”可知，文章主要是呼吁各地的年轻作家参与大赛。故选B。 Passage 2 【2024届贵州省六盘水市高三第二次诊断性试题】 In 1997, the Hungarian biochemist Katalin Kariko met another struggling researcher, the American immunologist Drew Weissman, as they queued to copy scientific papers at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). Due to the lack of funding for their work, the two scientists found a common scientific interest and decided to cooperate. Then they jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. But while both scientists endured years of professional struggle on the way to the huge approval, Kariko had to overcome greater difficulties than Weissman. Kariko worked in a few different research jobs before landing a junior position at the University of Pennsylvania. And for many years her career at the UPenn was fragile. She migrated from lab to lab, relying on one senior scientist after another to take her in. She never made more than $60,000 a year. She struggled to raise the funding essential for a scientific career and never had a stable position. Kariko said she endured being made fun of by university colleagues for her dogged pursuit. In 2013, she was kicked out from UPenn — forced to retire. She said in an interview that the university told her that she was unfit for her work. Yet the scientist’s commitment to her work did not falter. “When I was terminated (终止), I didn’t feel sorry for myself,” she said. “I have to focus all the energy on seeking out what’s next.” In a news conference held at UPenn, she encouraged young scientists to love learning to solve problems and to be prepared for failure. Researchers in her field are full of admiration for her generosity and persistence. “She is really the soul of perseverance and what it takes to be a great researcher,” Elliot Barnathan, a cardiologist who hired Kariko, said. 4．What was the difficulty that Kariko faced at the UPenn? A．Little support. B．Being laughed at. C．Working in different jobs. D．Migrating from place to place. 5．What does the underlined word “falter” mean in paragraph 2? A．Weaken. B．Quit. C．Fail. D．Insist. 6．How did Kariko respond to her termination from UPenn? A．She retired from her scientific work. B．She sought revenge against the university. C．She focused on finding new opportunities. D．She became discouraged by the challenges. 7．Why does the author write the text? A．To tell Kariko’s story. B．To show Kariko’s hardship. C．To list Kariko’s achievements. D．To highlight Kariko’s persistence. 【答案】4．A 5．A 6．C 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家Kariko在研究之路上遭遇重重困难，但是她不放弃，而是一直坚持自己的工作，不懈寻找机会，最终取得了成功。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And for many years her career at the UPenn was fragile. She migrated from lab to lab, relying on one senior scientist after another to take her in. She never made more than $ 60,000 a year. She struggled to raise the funding essential for a scientific career and never had a stable position. (多年来，她在宾夕法尼亚大学的职业生涯都很不牢固。她从一个实验室搬到另一个实验室，依靠一个又一个资深科学家收留她。她的年收入从未超过6万美元。她努力筹集科学事业所必需的资金，从未有过稳定的职位)”可知，Kariko在宾夕法尼亚大学面临的困难是没有稳定可靠的资金进行科学事业，即获得的支持很少。故选A项。 5．词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“She said in an interview that the university told her that she was unfit for her work. (她在一次采访中说，学校告诉她，她不适合她的工作)”和表示转折意义的“Yet”可推知，虽然学校认为Kariko不适合这份工作，但是她依然忠于自己的工作，对工作的投入并未减弱，falter意思应该是“减弱，衰弱”，与weaken意思相近。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中““When I was terminated (终止), I didn’t feel sorry for myself,” she said. “I have to focus all the energy on seeking out what’s next.” (“当我被解雇时，我没有为自己感到难过，”她说。“我必须把所有的精力都集中在寻找下一步。”)”可知，在Kariko被宾夕法尼亚大学解雇后，她并不难过，而是专注于寻找新的机会。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But while both scientists endured years of professional struggle on the way to the huge approval, Kariko had to overcome greater difficulties than Weissman. (但是，虽然两位科学家在获得巨大批准的道路上经历了多年的职业斗争，但Kariko必须克服比Weissman更大的困难)”和最后一段中““She is really the soul of perseverance and what it takes to be a great researcher,” Elliot Barnathan, a cardiologist who hired Kariko, said. (雇用Kariko的心脏病专家Elliot Barnathan说：“她真的是坚持不懈的灵魂，具备成为一名伟大研究人员所需要的东西”)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家Kariko在研究之路上的困难，突出了她一直坚持自己的工作，不懈寻找机会的科研精神。由此推知，作者写这篇文章是为了突出Kariko的坚持不懈。故选D项。 Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） Researchers have developed a material made of collagen protein (胶原蛋白) from pig’s skin, which resembles the human cornea (眼角膜) and restored vision to 20 people. The promising result of the trial brings hope to people suffering from corneal blindness. An estimated 12.7 million people around the world are blind due to their corneas being damaged or diseased. Their only way of regaining vision is to receive a transplanted cornea from a human donor. But just one in 70 patients receives a cornea transplant. Furthermore, most of them live in low and middle-income countries in which access to treatments is very limited. To avoid the above disadvantages of traditional cornea treatment, the researchers used collagen protein from pig’s skin. “It is possible to develop a biomaterial that meets all the criteria for being used as human implants (移植物), which can be mass-produced and reach more people with vision problems,” said Professor Neil Lagali. While donated corneas must be used within two weeks, the bioengineered corneas can be stored for up to two years before use. The pig skin used is a byproduct of the food industry, making it easy to access. The researchers have also developed a new surgical method for treating the disease. No stitches (缝针) are needed with this new method. In a pilot study, 14 of the 20 participants were blind before the operation. After two years, all of the patients regained their sight. Three of the Indian participants who had been blind had perfect vision after the operation. The researchers also want to study whether the technology can be used to treat more eye diseases, and whether the implant can be adapted to the individual for even greater effectiveness. 1．What is the disadvantage of traditional cornea treatment? A．Serious side effects. B．Low availability rate. C．Poor medical equipment. D．Complicated surgical process. 2．What do we know about the biomaterial? A．It has higher production costs. B．It can be stored for much longer. C．It is able to be used for several times. D．It can help people prevent vision problems. 3．Which of the following best describes the new surgical method? A．Successful. B．Ineffective. C．Convenient. D．Controversial. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To spread knowledge about cornea donation. B．To show the difficulties of treating blindness. C．To call on people to protect their eyes properly. D．To present a new breakthrough in the medical field. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是研究人员开发出一种由猪皮肤胶原蛋白制成的材料，这种材料类似于人类角膜，并使20人恢复了视力，这项试验的可喜结果给角膜失明患者带来了希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But just one in 70 patients receives a cornea transplant. Furthermore, most of them live in low and middle-income countries in which access to treatments is very limited.(但70名患者中只有1人接受了角膜移植。此外，他们大多数生活在低收入和中等收入国家，这些国家获得治疗的机会非常有限)”可知，只有七十分之一的患者能有机会接受眼角膜移植，而且大多数人还生活在低收入和中等收入国家。由此可知，在这些国家，获得治疗的途径非常有限。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While donated corneas must be used within two weeks, the bioengineered corneas can be stored for up to two years before use.(虽然捐献的角膜必须在两周内使用，但生物工程角膜在使用前可以储存长达两年)”可知，生物材料可以储存更长的时间。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“No stitches (缝针) are needed with this new method. In a pilot study, 14 of the 20 participants were blind before the operation. After two years, all of the patients regained their sight. Three of the Indian participants who had been blind had perfect vision after the operation.(这种新方法不需要缝针。在一项初步研究中，20名参与者中有14人在手术前是盲人。两年后，所有的病人都恢复了视力。三名印度盲人在手术后恢复了完美的视力)”可推知，这项新的手术方法是成功的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Researchers have developed a material made of collagen protein (胶原蛋白) from pig’s skin, which resembles the human cornea (眼角膜) and restored vision to 20 people.(研究人员开发出一种由猪皮肤胶原蛋白制成的材料，这种材料类似于人类角膜，并使20人恢复了视力)”和倒数第二段的“The researchers have also developed a new surgical method for treating the disease.(研究人员还开发了一种新的手术方法来治疗这种疾病)”可知，文章主要介绍了科研人员提取猪皮中的胶原蛋白，制成了人类角膜的替代品，并且还开发了一种新的治疗方法。由此推知，文章的目的是展示医学领域的新突破。故选D。 Passage 4 （2024届·四川眉山一模） While sweat serves as the built-in air conditioner, sweating it out can have many: other surprising health benefits. 1 It Eases Pain Did you wake up with back pain? 2 Then the best way to relieve your pain is to work up a sweat. It might be very tempting to skip this step since pain will make you want to sit still. But actually increasing your heart rate and working up a sweat is one of the best things you can do for your pain while sitting around will just make you even more stiff and sore. It Gets Rid of Toxins(毒素) Our bodies are subject to a lot of toxins throughout our everyday lives. 3 Sweating is a great way to expel (排出) those toxins from the body, which serves to better your immune system. It can also help get rid of substances like alcohol and salt. 4 Along with the sense of accomplishment from working out, working up a sweat releases endorphins (内啡肽), which make you happy. Sweating helps relieve stress and promote relaxation. Next time you’re feeling stressed out or need a break to clear your mind, think about hitting up a hot yoga class or taking a few minutes for yourself in the sauna (桑拿) to ease your mind, It Helps You Avoid Kidney Stones One of the lesser-known benefits of sweating is that it lowers the risk of getting kidney (肾) stones. Research has shown that sweating helps you get rid of salt and keep calcium in your bones. 5 The more frequently you find yourself sweating, the better. A．It Makes You Happier B．Are you sore from yesterday’s workout? C．Pain is usually caused by toxins produced in the body. D．Here are some top benefits of sweating in summer. E．Sweating also helps prevent pollutants from entering the body. F．This helps keep those elements from your kidneys where small stones will form. G．They come from the pollution in the air, our food, and are created naturally in the body. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．G 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夏天出汗的主要好处。 1．上文“While sweat serves as the built-in air conditioner, sweating it out can have many: other surprising health benefits. (汗液就像内置的空调一样，把汗液排出来还有很多其他意想不到的健康益处。)”说明排汗有健康益处，选项D“这里有一些夏季出汗的主要益处。”承接上文，点明文章主题，引出下列各段，说明夏季出汗的主要益处。故选D项。 2．上文“Did you wake up with back pain? (你醒来时腰疼吗?)”提出疼痛问题，选项B“你昨天锻炼后感到疼痛吗?”和上文并列，提出另一个疼痛问题，引出下文“Then the best way to relieve your pain is to work up a sweat. (那么缓解疼痛的最好方法就是出一身汗。)”给出缓解疼痛的最好办法。故选B项。 3．上文“Our bodies are subject to a lot of toxins throughout our everyday lives. (在我们的日常生活中，我们的身体会受到很多毒素的影响。)”说明身体受毒素影响，选项G“它们来自空气中的污染，我们的食物，并在体内自然产生。”承接上文，说明毒素是怎样产生的。选项中They指上文中toxins。故选G项。 4．下文“Along with the sense of accomplishment from working out, working up a sweat releases endorphins (内啡肽) , which make you happy. (伴随着锻炼带来的成就感，出汗会释放内啡肽，让你感到快乐。)”说明出汗能带来快乐，选项A“它让你更快乐”总结概括本段大意，适合做小标题。故选A项。 5．上文“One of the lesser-known benefits of sweating is that it lowers the risk of getting kidney (肾) stones. Research has shown that sweating helps you get rid of salt and keep calcium in your bones. (出汗的一个鲜为人知的好处是它可以降低患肾结石的风险。研究表明，出汗可以帮助你排出盐分，保持骨骼中的钙。)”说明出汗能预防肾结石，出汗可以帮助排盐保钙，选项F“这有助于防止肾脏中的这些元素形成小结石。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系。选项中kidney和上文词汇重叠，故选F项。 Passage5 （2024届·四川南充一模） There are hundreds of genres (流派) of music, so while some might like one kind, others might like something completely different. Why do people like different kinds of music? 6 At the same time, music can also help us feel like part of a group or a culture, especially one that shares an interest in a certain kind of music. Music can also be nostalgic, that is, it creates a kind of longing for the past. Musicians leave behind a footprint with their music. 7 Even long after the musicians are gone, people still find something in the musicians’ recordings that they can enjoy. We may also find that the music we like is strongly tied to our memory. Maybe there was a song that someone sang to us when we were little that brings up good memories. 8 When we listen to music that we like, a chemical called dopamine is sometimes released in the brain, which can make us feel good. 9 There are some algorithms (算法) today that can help pick up on the kind of music we like. When we are streaming music, some programs will let us like or dislike songs. People’s taste in music can remain the same in their whole life or it can change many times. But the truth is, we don’t know all the exact answers to why people like different kinds of music — or sports, or food, or colors. 10 We are all different people who like different things. A．It’s music to our ears. B．Music can be a part of our identity. C．It becomes a mirror that we are holding up. D．They leave a permanent mark in people’s lives. E．Therefore, we might want to listen to a song on repeat. F．Other times, we might find music can bring up sad memories. G．There are lots of different factors that can influence our preferences. 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．F 9．E 10．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐对人们的影响。 6．根据后文“At the same time, music can also help us feel like part of a group or a culture, especially one that shares an interest in a certain kind of music.(与此同时，音乐也可以帮助我们感觉自己是一个团体或文化的一部分，尤其是对某种音乐有共同兴趣的人)”可知，后文提到了音乐对自身其他方面的影响，故本句是在说明音乐可以成为身体的一部分，故B选项“音乐可以成为我们身份的一部分”符合语境，故选B。 7．根据上文“Musicians leave behind a footprint with their music.(音乐家在音乐中留下了足迹)”可知，上文提到了音乐家，D选项They指代上文Musicians。故D选项“他们在人们的生活中留下了永久的印记”符合语境，故选D。 8．根据上文“We may also find that the music we like is strongly tied to our memory. Maybe there was a song that someone sang to us when we were little that brings up good memories.(我们可能还会发现，我们喜欢的音乐与我们的记忆密切相关。也许在我们小的时候，有人给我们唱过一首歌，勾起了我们美好的回忆)”可知，上文提到音乐可以勾起美好回忆，同样也能唤起悲伤的回忆。故F选项“其他时候，我们可能会发现音乐能唤起悲伤的回忆”符合语境，故选F。 9．根据上文“When we listen to music that we like, a chemical called dopamine is sometimes released in the brain, which can make us feel good.(当我们听自己喜欢的音乐时，大脑中有时会释放一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，它能让我们感觉良好)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出喜欢的音乐让我们感觉良好，所以喜欢重复听。故E选项“因此，我们可能想要重复听一首歌”符合语境，故选E。 10．根据上文“But the truth is, we don’t know all the exact answers to why people like different kinds of music — or sports, or food, or colors.(但事实是，我们并不知道人们为什么喜欢不同种类的音乐、运动、食物或颜色的确切答案)”可知，本句承接上文说明影响偏好的因素很多，无法确定。故G选项“有很多不同的因素可以影响我们的偏好”符合语境，故选G。 Passage6 （2024届·河南信阳一模） During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general 1 of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(an) 2 way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented(补充) my self-introduction to 3 American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the 4 . In response, I looked down in 5 and thought that “expert” was a big word. When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to 6 . Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of 7 . At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart 8 , because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is 9 . Emotions are different enough to feel out of 10 when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel 11 , but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show 12 , but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me. We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in 13 , our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the 14 emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different 15 from where I was raised. 1．A．analysis B．state C．letter D．round 2．A．modest B．interesting C．dramatic D．proud 3．A．set B．fit C．evaluate D．recommend 4．A．approach B．situation C．topic D．course 5．A．curiosity B．pity C．disappointment D．embarrassment 6．A．play B．dine C．work D．perform 7．A．support B．noise C．fun D．argument 8．A．sank B．melted C．raced D．opened 9．A．harmonious B．normal C．strong D．distant 10．A．date B．shape C．place D．sight 11．A．reliable B．good C．serious D．careful 12．A．gratitude B．respect C．admiration D．affection 13．A．total B．advance C．detail D．reality 14．A．unbelievable B．pure C．invisible D．powerful 15．A．level B．culture C．standard D．value 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人，在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不同。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一轮全体自我介绍中，我谦虚地介绍自己是“对文化和情感感兴趣”的人之一。A. analysis分析；B. state状态；C. letter信；D. round阶段，轮次。根据空后的“of self-introductions”和上文中的“asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion”可知，作者参加了一个研讨会，在会上大家依次做一轮自我介绍。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. modest谦虚的；B. interesting有趣的；C. dramatic急剧的；D. proud骄傲的。根据空后的“as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”和下文中的“saying I was one of the world’s experts”可知，作者介绍自己的时候说自己只是一个对文化和情感感兴趣的人，而教授却说作者是专家，由此可知，作者介绍自己的时候非常谦虚。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位教授补充了我的自我介绍，以符合美国的标准，说我是世界上关于这个话题的专家之一。A. set设置；B. fit适合，符合；C. evaluate评估；D. recommend推荐。根据空后的“American standards”可知，这位教授补充作者的自我介绍是为了更符合美国人说话的习惯，让别人更容易理解。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. approach方式；B. situation情况；C. topic话题，题目；D. course课程，讲座。根据上文中的“a seminar on culture and emotion”可知，作者参加的是关于文化和情感的研讨会，所以这里是说作者是关于这个话题的专家。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，我尴尬地往下看，认为“专家”是一个很大的词。A. curiosity好奇心；B. pity遗憾；C. disappointment失望；D. embarrassment窘迫，尴尬。根据空后的“and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word”可知，作者觉得用专家来形容自己显得太过了，感觉很尴尬。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我住在北卡罗来纳州时，我的新朋友们来家里吃饭。A. play玩；B. dine进餐，用饭；C. work工作；D. perform表演，履行。根据下文中的“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，作者的新朋友来作者家里吃饭。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈话充满了兴趣和活力，也充满了乐趣。A. support支持；B. noise噪音；C. fun快乐，乐趣；D. argument争吵，争辩。根据句中的“full of interest and energy”可知，作者和朋友们的谈话很有趣，所以充满了乐趣。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心一沉，因为我在荷兰出生和长大，在那里，“谢谢你的饭”意味着这段关系很疏远。A. sank下沉；B. melted（使）熔化，融化；C. raced参加比赛；D. opened打开。根据空前的“My heart”可知，作者听到客人们的感谢后心情低落，my heart sinks意为“情绪低落”。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. harmonious和谐的；B. normal正常的；C. strong强壮的；D. distant遥远的，疏远的。根据下文中的“they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知，在作者的文化中，感谢别人的饭说明这段关系很疏远。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你从一种文化转移到另一种文化时，情感的差异足以让你感到格格不入。A. date日期，out of date意为“过时的”；B. shape形状，out of shape“变形的”；C. place地方，out of place意为“位置不当，不适当”；D. sight视力，看见，out of sight意为“看不见”。根据空后的“when you move from one culture to another”并结合上文作者与美国人打交道的两件事可知，作者从一种文化进入到另一种文化，两种文化表达感情的方式不同，让人感觉格格不入。故选C。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：密歇根大学的教授本想让我感觉良好，但却让我感到不舒服。A. reliable可靠的；B. good好的；C. serious严肃的；D. careful小心的。根据空后的“but instead made me uncomfortable”可知，空处表达内容应和uncomfortable相反，教授的本意是想让作者感觉良好。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们本想表达感激之情，但却让我感到不舒服，但他们让我觉得他们在疏远我。A. gratitude感激，感谢；B. respect尊重；C. admiration羡慕。赞赏；D. affection喜爱，钟爱。but前后表示转折，but后的“they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”讲朋友们感谢作者的招待让作者感觉他们在疏远自己，所以这里应是说朋友们本意是想表示感激。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们认为情感是我们内心深处的感受，但事实上，我们的情感发生在与他人的互动中。A. total总计，in total意为“总共”；B. advance进步，in advance意为“提前”；C. detail详情，全部细节，in detail意为“详细地”；D. reality现实，in reality意为“事实上”。根据句中的“We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us”可知，这里是将我们认为和实际相比较。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我自己的文化中，很难观察到别人那看不见的情感，但当我搬到美国——一种与我成长的地方不同的文化时，我能够看到它们的不同。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. pure纯粹的；C. invisible看不见的，无形的；D. powerful强有力的。根据句中的“but I was able to see them”可知，后面说作者能看见别人的情感，这里与之相反，表示的是作者很难看到这些无形的情感。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. level程度，水平；B. culture文化；C. standard标准；D. value价值。根据句中的“In my own culture”并结合全文可知，作者主要讨论的是文化不同表达情感的方式也不同，作者搬到了美国，这里的文化与作者自己的文化不同。故选B。 Passage7 （2024届·河南信阳一模） Earlier this year, I moved into a suburb of Atlanta. I decided to 16 the area on foot. On my walks, as I admired the range of residential 17 , I also admired another type of house: Little Free Libraries. I’d seen them all over Atlanta and 18 it’d be fun to build my own, but when I looked at the website’s official map, it turned out there were already a handful nearby. 19 , I decided to seek each of them out. I’ve since found six sites of these free book 20 . Without them, I would never have been able to “meet” people in my community. I quickly 21 my neighbors’ reading tastes, sorting through their small boxes of books. Each library is unique and shows the 22 of the person who built it, with 23 colors and designs. These Little Free Libraries are also the perfect way to 24 conversations with strangers. Since the pandemic began, Little Free Libraries have become a lifeline for many. They don’t 25 social distancing and everything is on an honor system. People 26 a book in exchange and some libraries have even become 27 food pantries (食品储藏柜) for people in need. In all the 28 they’ve taken on, these libraries have brought people together in a sense, especially when it feels like everything is trying to 29 us. Beyond conversation starters and personality 30 , Little Free Libraries find common ground — a precious thing, pandemic or not. 16．A．explore B．search C．measure D．clean 17．A．district B．setting C．development D．architecture 18．A．promised B．explained C．thought D．proved 19．A．Secretly B．Fortunately C．Naturally D．Cautiously 20．A．exchanges B．giveaways C．reservations D．publications 21．A．corrected B．learned C．improved D．satisfied 22．A．appearance B．expression C．health D．personality 23．A．standard B．ordinary C．varying D．new 24．A．go on with B．strike up C．break in on D．act out 25．A．require B．permit C．deserve D．guarantee 26．A．leave B．order C．edit D．write 27．A．fancy B．traditional C．private D．temporary 28．A．subjects B．burdens C．forms D．risks 29．A．inform B．persuade C．surprise D．divide 30．A．balancers B．indicators C．testers D．separators 【答案】 16．A 17．D 18．C 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者搬到一个新地方后，发现了小型免费图书馆自疫情开始以来，成为许多人的生命线。从某种意义上说，这些图书馆以各种形式把人们聚集在一起，尤其是当一切都在试图分裂我们的时候。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定徒步探索这个地区。A. explore探索；B. search寻找；C. measure测量；D. clean清理。根据上文“I moved into a suburb of Atlanta.”以及该句中的“the area on foot.”可知，作者新搬到一个地方，所以决定徒步探索这个地区。故选A项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：散步时，我欣赏着这里各式各样的住宅建筑，同时也欣赏着另一种类型的房子：小型免费图书馆。A. district地区；B. setting环境，场合；C. development发展；D. architecture建筑。根据下文“I also admired another type of house”可知，作者散步时，欣赏着这里各式各样的住宅建筑。选D项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在亚特兰大到处都见过这样的房子，我想自己建一个应该很有趣，但当我查看网站的官方地图时，发现附近已经有一些了。A. promised承诺；B. explained解释；C. thought认为，想；D. proved证明。根据上文“I’d seen them all over Atlanta”以及该句中的“it’d be fun to build my own”可推知，此处为作者在亚特兰大到处都见过这样的房子，想自己建一个应该很有趣。故选C项。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然，我决定把它们一个个都找出来。A. Secretly秘密地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Cautiously小心翼翼地。根据上文“it turned out there were already a handful nearby.”以及下文“I’ve since found six sites of these free book ____5____. ”结合语境可知，此处为作者自然地想把它们一个个都找出来。故选C项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我找到了6个这样的免费图书交换点。A. exchanges交换；B. giveaways赠品；C. reservations预定；D. publications出版物。根据下文“People ____11____ a book in exchange”可知，此处为作者找到了6个这样的免费图书交换点。故选A项。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快就了解了邻居们的阅读品味，整理了他们的小盒子里的书。A. corrected改正；B. learned了解；C. improved提高；D. satisfied满足。根据该句中的“my neighbors’ reading tastes,”以及下文“sorting through their small boxes of books.”可推知，此处为作者很快就了解了邻居们的阅读品味，整理了他们的小盒子里的书。故选B项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个图书馆都是独一无二的，用不同的颜色和设计展示了建造它的人的个性。A. appearance外观；B. expression表达方式；C. health健康；D. personality个性。根据句意以及该句中的“of the person who built it”可知，此处为用不同的颜色和设计展示了建造它的人的个性。故选D项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个图书馆都是独一无二的，用不同的颜色和设计展示了建造它的人的个性。A. standard标准的；B. ordinary普通的；C. varying不同的；D. new新的。根据句意以及该句中的“Each library is unique and shows the personality of the person who built it”可知，此处为每个图书馆都是独一无二的，用不同的颜色和设计展示了建造它的人的个性。故选C项。 24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些免费的小图书馆也是与陌生人交谈的完美方式。A. go on with继续；B. strike up开始（谈话、友谊等）；C. break in on打断，闯入；D. act out付诸行动。根据该句中的“conversations with strangers.”可知，此处为这些免费的小图书馆也是与陌生人交谈的完美方式。strike up开始（谈话、友谊等）：开始与某人交谈或建立友谊。故选B项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不需要保持社交距离，一切都是基于荣誉制度。A. require要求；B. permit允许；C. deserve值得；D. guarantee保证。根据下文“and everything is on an honor system.”可推知，此处为他们不需要保持社交距离，一切都是基于荣誉制度。故选A项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们留下一本书作为交换，一些图书馆甚至成为有需要的人的临时食品储藏室。A. leave留下；B. order订购；C. edit编辑；D. write写。根据句意和常识以及该句中的“in exchange”可知，此处为人们留下一本书作为交换。故选A项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们留下一本书作为交换，一些图书馆甚至成为有需要的人的临时食品储藏室。A. fancy花俏的；B. traditional传统的；C. private私人的；D. temporary临时的。根据句意以及该句中的“food pantries for people in need.”结合各个选项意思可知，此处为一些图书馆甚至成为有需要的人的临时食品储藏室。故选D项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这些图书馆以各种形式把人们聚集在一起，尤其是当一切都在试图分裂我们的时候。A. subjects主题；B. burdens负担；C. forms形式；D. risks冒险。根据下文“these libraries have brought people together in a sense”可推知，此处为从某种意义上说，这些图书馆以各种形式把人们聚集在一起。故选C项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这些图书馆以各种形式把人们聚集在一起，尤其是当一切都在试图分裂我们的时候。A. inform通知；B. persuade劝服；C. surprise使惊讶；D. divide分开。根据上文“Since the pandemic began, Little Free Libraries have become a lifeline for many.”提到的疫情，以及上一句提到的这些图书馆以各种形式把人们聚集在一起，可知，此处为这些图书馆以各种形式把人们聚集在一起，尤其是当一切都在试图分裂我们的时候。故选D项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了开场白和个性指标，小小的免费图书馆能找到共同点——这是一件宝贵的事情，不管是否疫情。A. balancers    平衡器；B. indicators指标；C. testers测试人员；D. separators分隔符。根据上文“shows the personality of the person who built it, with varying colors and designs.”用不同的颜色和设计展示了建造它的人的个性。可推知，此处指的是个性指标。故选B项。 Passage8 【2024届贵州省六盘水市高三第二次诊断性试题】 Chinese chime bells are an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, 36 (play) melodically. They are also called bianzhong. These sets of chime bells were used 37 polyphonic (多音的) musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2, 000 to 3, 600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and struck with a wooden hammer. They have 38 lens-shaped section, the bell mouth has a distinctive profile, and the outer surfaces of the large bells feature studs. The sound of this musical instrument is heard by 39 (hit) the bell. The one produced depends on 40 you hit the bell. The center is the source of the primary tone. The right and left corners give the secondary tone in a 41 (high) pitch. Chime bells in ancient China 42 (reserve) for the nobles and symbolized power and wealth. In the Song Dynasty, musicians used this instrument for grand 43 (performance). In modern times, the standardized bianzhong are used by music and dance groups. A great example of the range of tones produced by these ancient instruments 44 (be) the bells of Marquis Yi, which were unearthed in 1978. These bells are still fully playable after long years and thanks to 45 (they) twin-tone capability, they can sound a complete 12-tone scale. 【答案】 36．played 37．as 38．a 39．hitting 40．where 41．higher 42．were reserved 43．performances 44．is 45．their 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了古代的编钟。编钟是一种古老的乐器，它是由一套青铜铃组成的，这些铃都是按照旋律演奏的。在古代，编钟是贵族的象征，代表着权力和财富。在宋代，编钟被音乐家用于大型演出。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国编钟是一种古老的中国乐器，由一套铜钟组成，有旋律地演奏。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为are，此处应用非谓语动词，又因为play“演奏”与逻辑主语bronze bells之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填played。 37．考查固定短语。句意：这些编钟被用作多音乐器。 结合句意和were used可知，本空填介词as。be used as...意为“被用作……”，为固定短语。故填as。 38．考查冠词。句意：它们有一个透镜形状的部分，钟口有一个独特的轮廓，大钟的外表面有螺柱。此处泛指“一个独特的轮廓”，且lens-shaped以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种乐器的声音是通过敲击钟来听到的。动词hit意为“打，击”。by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”，为固定搭配。故填hitting。 40．考查宾语从句。句意：钟的声音取决于你敲击钟的什么地方。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句缺少“哪里，哪个地方”之意，故用where引导。故填where。 41．考查形容词比较级。句意：左右两个角的辅音音调更高。根据句意可知，左右两个角的音与中间的音对比，辅音音调更高，故此处应用比较级higher“更高”。故填higher。 42．考查动词的语态。句意：在中国古代，编钟是贵族的专属，象征着权力和财富。reserve for...意为“为……预留”，为固定搭配。主语Chime bells与reserve为被动关系，根据in ancient China可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were reserved。 43．考查名词的数。句意：在宋代，音乐家用这种乐器进行大型演出。performance意为“演出”，为可数名词，结合句意可知，演出不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作for的宾语。故填performances。 44．考查动词时态。句意：1978年出土的易侯钟就是这些古代乐器发出的音调范围的一个很好的例子。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为A great example，故be动词用is。故填 is。 45．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这些钟在多年后仍然可以完全演奏，由于它们的双音能力，它们可以发出完整的12音音阶。此处应用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”， 作定语，修饰名词twin-tone capability。故填their。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$