Unit 5 Revealing Nature（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing Nature 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 动植物相关：bud（芽，苞，花蕾）、stem（茎）、floret（小花）、blossom（开花）、iguana（鬣蜥）、Komodo dragon（科莫多巨蜥）、mangrove（红树），还有“grow hollow and smooth（长得空而光滑）”“reveal large spade - shaped leaves（露出大的铲状叶子）”等短语。 自然现象与奥秘：evolution（进化）、characteristic（特征，特性）、evidence（证据）、habitat（栖息地）、living fossil（活化石）、natural tunnel（天然隧道），以及“be linked underground by（由……在地下相连）”“date back to（追溯到）”等表达。 科学研究与探索：geologist（地质学家）、sample（样本）、detect（发现，察觉）、reveal（揭示，展现）、uncover（揭开）、scientific（科学的），常见短语有“answer the call（响应号召）”。 环境保护：pesticide（杀虫剂，农药）、decline（减少）、blame（责怪，指责；把……归咎于），相关短语有“grow crops without pesticides（不使用农药种植作物）”“drive insects away（驱赶昆虫）”。 时文拓展阅读 A tiny dinosaur’s final moments became science’s greatest treasure when its feathered tail was trapped in tree resin 99 million years ago, creating the first dinosaur material ever found preserved in amber. Paleontologist Lida Xing discovered this extraordinary fossil at a Myanmar amber market in 2016. It was initially dismissed as plant material before revealing its true nature under scientific examination. The match - stick - sized specimen contains eight vertebrae from a juvenile coelurosaur, a sparrow - sized dinosaur related to Tyrannosaurus rex. Published in Current Biology, the discovery revolutionized our understanding of dinosaur anatomy by preserving features impossible to study in traditional rock fossils. The amber captured not just bones, but soft tissue, skin, and intricate feathers in perfect three - dimensional detail. “It’s amazing to see all the details of a dinosaur tail—the bones, flesh, skin, and feathers—and to imagine how this little fellow got his tail caught in the resin,” explains co - author Professor Mike Benton from the University of Bristol. The feathers, chestnut brown on top and white underneath, lacked the central shaft found in modern bird feathers, suggesting they were ornamental rather than functional for flight. Most remarkably, traces of ferrous iron around the bones indicate remnants of the dinosaur’s blood, while evidence suggests the animal was still alive when it became trapped in the sticky resin. This preservation has provided scientists with their first glimpse of how feathers were actually arranged on living dinosaurs, filling crucial gaps in our understanding of the evolutionary link between dinosaurs and modern birds. 【译文欣赏】 9900万年前，一只小型恐龙生命的最后时刻，因羽毛尾巴被困在树脂中，意外成为科学界最珍贵的宝藏——这是首次在琥珀中发现保存完好的恐龙遗骸。 古生物学家邢立达于2016年在缅甸的一个琥珀市场上发现了这一非凡化石。最初它被误认为是植物材料，直到科学检测揭示出它的真实本质。 这个火柴棒大小的样本中，包含了一只幼年虚骨龙类恐龙的八节脊椎骨，这种麻雀大小的恐龙与霸王龙有亲缘关系。这项研究发表在《当代生物学》上，它通过保存传统岩石化石无法呈现的特征，彻底革新了我们对恐龙解剖结构的理解。 这块琥珀不仅封存了骨骼，还保存了软组织、皮肤以及精细复杂的羽毛，三维细节完美无缺。“能够看到恐龙尾巴的全部细节——骨骼、肌肉、皮肤和羽毛——真是令人惊叹，令人不禁想象这小家伙是如何把尾巴卡进树脂中的。”合著作者、布里斯托大学的迈克·本顿教授如此解释。 这些羽毛顶部呈栗褐色、底部为白色，缺乏现代鸟类羽毛中常见的中轴，表明它们更可能是用于装饰而非飞行功能。最令人震惊的是，骨骼周围存在亚铁元素的痕迹，表明保留了恐龙血液的残迹，同时也有证据显示，这只恐龙在被困进黏性树脂时仍然活着。 这种保存方式首次让科学家得以窥见活体恐龙羽毛的实际排列方式，填补了我们在恐龙与现代鸟类进化关联方面的关键知识空白。 【词汇积累】 • resin：n. 树脂 • paleontologist：n. 古生物学家 • extraordinary：adj. 非凡的，特别的 • specimen：n. 标本，样本 • vertebrae：n. 脊椎骨（vertebra的复数形式） • anatomy：n. 解剖结构，解剖学 • intricate：adj. 复杂的，错综复杂的 • ornamental：adj. 装饰性的 n. 装饰品 • ferrous iron：亚铁 • remnant：n. 残余，遗迹 【知识拓展】 琥珀化石：琥珀是一种有机宝石，其形成需要经过漫长的时间，通常是树脂滴落后包裹住各种物体，经过地质作用掩埋地下，逐渐石化而成。除了恐龙尾巴，琥珀中还曾发现过昆虫、植物等多种生物化石，为研究古代生态环境和生物演化提供了珍贵资料。 恐龙与鸟类的进化关系：越来越多的化石证据表明，鸟类是由恐龙进化而来的。本文中提到的羽毛特征就是重要证据之一，此外，恐龙和鸟类在骨骼结构、生理特征等方面也存在诸多相似之处。 【词汇延伸】 与“化石”相关词汇：fossil（化石）、fossilization（化石作用）、rock fossil（岩石化石）、fossil record（化石记录）。 与“恐龙”相关词汇：dinosaur（恐龙）、tyrannosaurus（霸王龙）、velociraptor（迅猛龙）、dinosaur egg（恐龙蛋）。 高考真题链接 （2025年1月浙江首考） A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD. B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C. Matrix gardens need more CARE. D. Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 命题特点 考查“整体感知”能力：不聚焦细节，而是要求提炼文章（或段落）的核心观点、主要内容，或概括作者的写作目的。 提问方式固定：常见设问如：What is the main idea of the passage?What does the passage mainly talk about?The purpose of the passage is to ______.Which of the following can best summarize the passage? 覆盖全文或段落：题目可能针对全文主旨，也可能针对某段主旨（需注意题干限定，如“Paragraph 2 mainly discusses”）。 命题规律 主旨句常“藏”在关键位置： 全文主旨：多位于首段（开门见山）、尾段（总结升华），或首尾段呼应处；若文章为“问题-分析-解决”结构，主旨可能在“解决方法”部分。 段落主旨：多位于段首（总起句）或段尾（总结句），少数在段中（转折后引出核心）。 与文章结构强相关： 说明文/议论文：常通过“观点+论据”展开，主旨即核心观点； 记叙文：主旨常是故事传达的道理、情感，或对人物/事件的评价，需结合情节发展和结尾升华句判断。 避免“细节干扰”：正确选项需涵盖全文核心，而非某一细节（即使细节多次出现，若未贯穿全文，也非主旨）。 主旨大意题解题思维 定位“主旨句”：优先读首尾段、各段首尾句，标记含“观点、总结、转折（but/however）”的句子，这类句子往往是主旨句的关键来源。 串联“核心话题”：若无明显主旨句，需梳理全文高频出现的核心名词（或同义替换词），结合各段内容，总结这些内容围绕“什么话题”展开——核心话题+作者对话题的态度/观点，即为主旨。 验证“全面性”：正确选项需覆盖全文主要内容（而非某一段细节），同时不超出文章讨论范围。 主旨大意干扰项特征 以偏概全：仅涉及文章某一段的细节，或某个例子的内容，未涵盖全文核心。 过度延伸：超出文章内容，加入原文未提及的信息或作者未表达的观点。 偷换概念：将原文核心话题的关键词替换为近义但不同义的词，或歪曲原文观点。 无关信息：选项内容与文章话题完全无关，或仅为背景信息，并非作者要表达的核心。 细节放大：将原文中次要的细节（如举例、解释）当作主要内容，颠倒主次。 1.A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. 结构分析： 主语：A novel design approach to gardening（一种新颖的园艺设计方法 ），“to gardening”为后置定语，修饰“design approach” 。 谓语：has been gaining in（一直在……方面增长 ），是现在完成进行时，表示从过去持续到现在且可能继续的动作 ，“gain in popularity”是常用搭配，意为“越来越受欢迎； popularity（受欢迎程度；流行 ）” 。 状语：worldwide（在全球范围内 ），作地点状语 。 译文：一种新颖的园艺设计方法在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。 2.Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 结构分析： 状语：Eschewing fertilizers and power tools（避开化肥和电动工具 ），是现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是句子主语“it”（指代前文的matrix planting这种园艺方法 ），“eschew”是谓语动词，意为“避开；不采用” 。 主语：it（指代matrix planting这一园艺设计方法 ） 。 谓语：is based on（以……为基础 ），“based”是过去分词，与“is”构成被动语态 。 宾语：an elegantly simple principle（一个极为简单的原则 ） 。 同位语：to garden more like nature does（更像大自然那样进行园艺种植 ），对“principle”进行解释说明，其中“like nature does”是方式状语，“does”代替前文的“gardens”，避免重复 。 译文：这种园艺方法不使用化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极为简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植。 1. gain in popularity （逐渐）受到欢迎；越来越流行 2. aim for 旨在；以……为目标 3. eschew fertilizers 避开/不用化肥 4. seek to do sth. 试图做某事；设法做某事 5. create planting mixes 创造种植组合 6. group...so that... 把……分组以便…… 7. form a cooperative ecosystem 形成合作生态系统 8. popularize this style 推广这种风格 9. add artistic flavors to 给……增添艺术韵味 10. play with color and form 运用色彩和形态 11. serve the needs of wildlife 满足野生动物的需求 12. invite sb. to do sth. 吸引/促使某人做某事 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·四川眉山一模） Forest Park Easy Hike in Queens EVENT DESCRIPTION: Walk out into the great outdoors, just outside Manhattan! Forest Park is filled with natural treasures and is a perfect getaway for locals and visitors alike. Can you believe this park has been around for over a century? Take the chance to bring family and four-legged friends, and expect to see a friendly doggie here and there. During the hike, you will explore different trails (all well-paved) and stop at a few key spots to learn more about the 3rd largest park in Queens. Get Tickets Here: https: /newyorksocialnetwork.com/events/forest-park-easy-hike-in-queens-7 Cost: $20 general members Date: May 7, 2023, Sunday How it works: •We’ll meet at 3 p.m. at Wallenberg Square right outside of Forest Park in Queens. •Be prepared to walk as we explore multiple paths throughout the park! •Public transit is available! You can take the EF to Union Turnpike or the LIRR to Kew Gardens and walk 15 minutes over to Wallenberg Square. •The hike will start and end at Wallenberg Square. What to bring: Water, hiking boots or sneakers Difficulty Level: Easy What if it rains? Refunds will be given if the event is canceled due to rain. Can I come alone? Yes, most guests do! It’s a great way to meet new people. Dress Code: Be comfortable and casual. Dress for the weather. You will be outside for 90 minutes. Ages: 20+. Most of our events attract 20’s-40’s although some events can be adjusted to younger or older (50’s) depending on the event. Questions? Email Dave Cervini at dave@newyorksocialnetwork.com or call 212.873.2256, M-F 10 a. m. to 4 p.m.. Nonrefundable unless canceled. 10．What can we learn about Forest Park Easy Hike? A．It is a dog-friendly event. B．It requires non-stop walking. C．It is held in the city center. D．It takes place on unpaved paths. 11．What is the age requirement for the event? A．Older than ten. B．Older than twenty. C．Older than thirty. D．Older than forty. 12．What should you do if you want to go hiking? A．Form a group. B．Carry an umbrella. C．Prepay the ticket. D．Wear formal clothes. Passage 2 【2024届四川省绵阳南山中学高三二诊热身模拟试题】 Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary. When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness. On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人), set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a.m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step. At 11: 30 a. m., the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.” Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He also left a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.” 24．What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition? A．His undisputed reputation. B．His previous training on Mount Everest. C．His remarkable physical condition. D．His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold. 25．What does the Hillary Step refer to? A．A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered. B．An ax Hillary used to scratch snow. C．A mistake Hillary avoided making. D．A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped. 26．What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest? A．Overwhelming joy. B．A touch of astonishment. C．Complete disbelief. D．Enormous pride. 27．What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering? A．It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering. B．It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue. C．It enabled him to give back to his hometown. D．It opens up possibilities for other climbers. Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） The sales temptation: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right? After all, eye strain (疲劳) is a real issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost 15 dollars all the way up to several hundred dollars. But do they work? Elizabeth Esparaz, an ophthalmologist (眼科专家) in Cleveland, Ohio, says the science that manufacturers share as they promote these glasses can be confusing. For starters, blue light is not just about tech devices, and it’s not always bad. “The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of course, and it’s actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood, alertness and sleep-wake cycle. The problem is blue light at night: It controls the release of melatonin (褪黑素). “Melatonin helps regulate our circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and makes us sleepy,” says Dr. Esparaz. So in theory, wearing blue-light-blocking glasses should help people who watch movies in bed or read from a table t at night to avoid sleeplessness. A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using these glasses. As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses. And a 2018 review study also by Australian researchers, found insufficient evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases. “These glasses aren’t going to be harmful,”  says Dr. Esparaz. But, she adds, a lack of standardization in the industry means there’s no way to know if one pair is better than another. A more reliable solution:  Turn on the blue-light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed. To help with eye strain, Dr. Esparaz suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops. 9．What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs? A．It may facilitate sleep. B．It actually causes severe health issues. C．It can be of benefit in some aspects. D．It merely comes from digital devices. 10．Who will benefit from the glasses according to the studies? A．People under great pressure B．People experiencing eye strain C．People with eye diseases D．People suffering from sleep disorders 11．Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses . A．doesn’t contribute to less eye strain B．benefits those affected by shift work C．is not harmful to eyesight D．helps prevent eye disease 12．What might be the best title of this passage? A．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Your Best Choice B．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Good or Bad C．Blue-light-blocking glasses: A Good Business D．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Smart and Cool Passage 4 （2024届·四川宜宾一模） How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations. Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. 21 They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem. 22 when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. 23 This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself. When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. 24 Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time. And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.   25 A．You also learn what you’re good at. B．Here is how you can be more resourceful. C．These may be practical things like pens and paper. D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves. E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways. F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best. Passage5 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Do you sometimes wish there was a quick and easy way to do your homework? Well a new artificial intelligence technology has been released and people are concerned that it could lead to students cheating on their work. ChatGPT is an online service which can not only answer questions but also write realistic school essays just like humans. 26 . But what exactly is ChatGPT and how could it affect the future of homework? ChatGPT was released late last year by company OpenAI, which was founded by Elon Musk. 27 , answering questions from the user. The online chatbot has been trained on lots of information and data from the internet - it can have a human-like conversation answering questions, admitting mistakes and rejecting any inappropriate questions. Experts say it can be used to write essays, stories, poems and even solve computer coding. 28 , which OpenAI admit. Sometimes it writes answers which are incorrect or don’t make sense, and it occasionally guesses what the user has asked it, rather than asking more follow-up questions to understand the question better. What are people saying about it? 29 . Some think students might use it to cheat whereas others think they should use the tool in the classroom to help children learn. 30 . They argue that, just like when the calculator or Google were created, people were unsure at first, but if teachers introduce the technology and teach pupils the benefits but also the downfalls that could help their learning. There are the problems with ChatGPT. CEO of OpenAI, Sam Altman tweeted last year: “ChatGPT is incredibly limited…it’s a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now.” A．But there are limits to what it can do B．ChatGPT is an easy way for students to write an essay C．ChatGPT is getting mixed reviews from people D．The technology chats in a conversational way E．It also isn’t always accurate as well F．Some people have suggested that the software should be welcomed G．Teachers are worried that students may use it to cheat Passage6 （2024届·甘肃白银一模） In high school, I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me 66 that science could teach us a lot. It teaches us the 67 so we know where we are from. That day, I firmly 68 to be a scientist. Ever since that day, I have studied harder 69 in all my science-related subjects. After school, I do much research on how I can become a 70 scientist in the future. One of my 71 in becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock, who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25, she already had her PhD in botany. After that, she started her 72 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she 73 herself to that research for the rest of her life. If I am lucky and given the 74 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 75 something that helped the other scientists 76 the things about genetics (遗传学). I know I will be able to achieve my 77 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I achieve my goal, I will share my 78 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 79 as the stars in the night sky. However, my future is still far. I will make the most of the 80 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist. 66．A．doubt B．wonder C．realize D．value 67．A．school B．origin C．growth D．study 68．A．refused B．volunteered C．continued D．decided 69．A．especially B．possibly C．properly D．separately 70．A．happy B．popular C．real D．careful 71．A．experiences B．persuasions C．generations D．inspirations 72．A．attempt B．career C．praise D．tradition 73．A．devoted B．invited C．limited D．reduced 74．A．reason B．freedom C．right D．opportunity 75．A．heard B．expected C．discovered D．awarded 76．A．set out B．figure out C．stick out D．take out 77．A．dream B．reward C．fame D．stage 78．A．fortune B．location C．light D．secret 79．A．bright B．capable C．proud D．brave 80．A．lesson B．present C．mind D．heart Passage7 （2024届·四川绵阳一模） Around Thanksgiving, I flew to visit my family. A woman across the aisle 81 to push her suitcase into the tight overhead bin. When we landed, she was pulling, but the suitcase didn’t 82 . I asked if I could help, 83 she replied, “It’ll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out.” Her calmness and confidence 84 me, striking me as a recipe for cultivating (培养) resilience (抗逆力) in life. Resilience is the ability to 85 challenging circumstances, refocus and find ways back into a positive life. The woman’s reaction to her 86 luggage was a beautiful example of cultivating resilience: “ 87 seeing crises as unsolvable problems.” The 88 situation might not be a “crisis”, but you know how 89 a plane aisle can be when everyone is trying to get off the plane. The woman kept herself 90 by recognizing her problem had a solution. The 91 reminded me of something that happened to me this past fall, when I took a solitary (单独的) hike along a rocky ocean path. I was enjoying myself in the fresh air, feeling 92 as I picked my way from rock to rock and congratulating myself when I reached the end of the dock. Then I turned around and saw how 93 I had traveled, I felt myself slipping into nervous self-doubt. What if I 94 and twisted my ankle? I took a deep breath and, like the woman on the 95 , realized with relief that I could certainly make it 96 . When I finally stepped back onto the shore, I not only felt 97 , but also confident and accomplished. When 98 plant seeds of “I can’t” in your mind, maybe you’ll remember the woman on the plane. Wherever life has brought you, consider that there is a 99 to come back to yourself. You have the power of resilience within you whenever you are 100 it. 81．A．helped B．refused C．delayed D．struggled 82．A．fit B．respond C．move D．open 83．A．or B．so C．for D．but 84．A．beat B．inspired C．controlled D．appreciated 85．A．get into B．give up C．meet with D．adapt to 86．A．stuck B．checked C．broken D．delivered 87．A．Mind B．Avoid C．Enjoy D．Practice 88．A．seat B．memory C．luggage D．breath 89．A．noisy B．focused C．packed D．changeable 90．A．cool B．brave C．special D．popular 91．A．test B．moment C．performance D．appearance 92．A．strong B．breathless C．ashamed D．weak 93．A．far B．soon C．quick D．often 94．A．left B．tripped C．returned D．hesitated 95．A．shore B．stage C．plane D．ground 96．A．up B．out C．away D．back 97．A．free B．safe C．relieved D．frustrated 98．A．desires B．responsibilities C．accidents D．challenges 99．A．way B．coincidence C．lesson D．reward 100．A．in favor of B．in need of C．in choice of D．in advance of Passage8 【2024届江西省江西省部分高中九校联考高三二模试题】 Using needles to help life’s energy flow For thousands of years, the Chinese have relieved pain and cured disease through acupuncture (针灸). 36 (evolve) from the discovery that using stone needles to prick specific points on the surface of the body could relieve pain and symptoms, acupuncture has become 37 integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, in line with the philosophy that promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans with nature. According to Records of the Grand Historian, 38 (write) by Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago, Bian Que, a highly skilled 39 (physical) during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), was famous for having saved a prince from “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint on the head of the unconscious man. According to TCM (中医), there are a dozen meridians (经脉) in the human body, 40 the qi, or life energy, circulates to nourish the organs. Cold, infections or diseases can result in blocking of the energy, and so stimulating the acupoints can unblock stagnant (不流动的) qi, restore normal circulation and improve health. Today, acupuncture is still 41 (wide) used in China. In 2010, UNESCO inscribed acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Yet, the practice is not just cultural and historical, 42 a medical technique widely used and researched today. For years, 43 the clear therapeutic effects of acupuncture in treating many diseases, there were few convincing studies that explained how acupoint stimulation worked, or what meridians were anatomically speaking, so the technique always seemed somewhat 44 (mystery). However, as scientific research of acupuncture 45 (grow) in recent years, producing good quality results, the technique is gaining traction around the world. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Revealing Nature 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 动植物相关：bud（芽，苞，花蕾）、stem（茎）、floret（小花）、blossom（开花）、iguana（鬣蜥）、Komodo dragon（科莫多巨蜥）、mangrove（红树），还有“grow hollow and smooth（长得空而光滑）”“reveal large spade - shaped leaves（露出大的铲状叶子）”等短语。 自然现象与奥秘：evolution（进化）、characteristic（特征，特性）、evidence（证据）、habitat（栖息地）、living fossil（活化石）、natural tunnel（天然隧道），以及“be linked underground by（由……在地下相连）”“date back to（追溯到）”等表达。 科学研究与探索：geologist（地质学家）、sample（样本）、detect（发现，察觉）、reveal（揭示，展现）、uncover（揭开）、scientific（科学的），常见短语有“answer the call（响应号召）”。 环境保护：pesticide（杀虫剂，农药）、decline（减少）、blame（责怪，指责；把……归咎于），相关短语有“grow crops without pesticides（不使用农药种植作物）”“drive insects away（驱赶昆虫）”。 时文拓展阅读 A tiny dinosaur’s final moments became science’s greatest treasure when its feathered tail was trapped in tree resin 99 million years ago, creating the first dinosaur material ever found preserved in amber. Paleontologist Lida Xing discovered this extraordinary fossil at a Myanmar amber market in 2016. It was initially dismissed as plant material before revealing its true nature under scientific examination. The match - stick - sized specimen contains eight vertebrae from a juvenile coelurosaur, a sparrow - sized dinosaur related to Tyrannosaurus rex. Published in Current Biology, the discovery revolutionized our understanding of dinosaur anatomy by preserving features impossible to study in traditional rock fossils. The amber captured not just bones, but soft tissue, skin, and intricate feathers in perfect three - dimensional detail. “It’s amazing to see all the details of a dinosaur tail—the bones, flesh, skin, and feathers—and to imagine how this little fellow got his tail caught in the resin,” explains co - author Professor Mike Benton from the University of Bristol. The feathers, chestnut brown on top and white underneath, lacked the central shaft found in modern bird feathers, suggesting they were ornamental rather than functional for flight. Most remarkably, traces of ferrous iron around the bones indicate remnants of the dinosaur’s blood, while evidence suggests the animal was still alive when it became trapped in the sticky resin. This preservation has provided scientists with their first glimpse of how feathers were actually arranged on living dinosaurs, filling crucial gaps in our understanding of the evolutionary link between dinosaurs and modern birds. 【译文欣赏】 9900万年前，一只小型恐龙生命的最后时刻，因羽毛尾巴被困在树脂中，意外成为科学界最珍贵的宝藏——这是首次在琥珀中发现保存完好的恐龙遗骸。 古生物学家邢立达于2016年在缅甸的一个琥珀市场上发现了这一非凡化石。最初它被误认为是植物材料，直到科学检测揭示出它的真实本质。 这个火柴棒大小的样本中，包含了一只幼年虚骨龙类恐龙的八节脊椎骨，这种麻雀大小的恐龙与霸王龙有亲缘关系。这项研究发表在《当代生物学》上，它通过保存传统岩石化石无法呈现的特征，彻底革新了我们对恐龙解剖结构的理解。 这块琥珀不仅封存了骨骼，还保存了软组织、皮肤以及精细复杂的羽毛，三维细节完美无缺。“能够看到恐龙尾巴的全部细节——骨骼、肌肉、皮肤和羽毛——真是令人惊叹，令人不禁想象这小家伙是如何把尾巴卡进树脂中的。”合著作者、布里斯托大学的迈克·本顿教授如此解释。 这些羽毛顶部呈栗褐色、底部为白色，缺乏现代鸟类羽毛中常见的中轴，表明它们更可能是用于装饰而非飞行功能。最令人震惊的是，骨骼周围存在亚铁元素的痕迹，表明保留了恐龙血液的残迹，同时也有证据显示，这只恐龙在被困进黏性树脂时仍然活着。 这种保存方式首次让科学家得以窥见活体恐龙羽毛的实际排列方式，填补了我们在恐龙与现代鸟类进化关联方面的关键知识空白。 【词汇积累】 • resin：n. 树脂 • paleontologist：n. 古生物学家 • extraordinary：adj. 非凡的，特别的 • specimen：n. 标本，样本 • vertebrae：n. 脊椎骨（vertebra的复数形式） • anatomy：n. 解剖结构，解剖学 • intricate：adj. 复杂的，错综复杂的 • ornamental：adj. 装饰性的 n. 装饰品 • ferrous iron：亚铁 • remnant：n. 残余，遗迹 【知识拓展】 琥珀化石：琥珀是一种有机宝石，其形成需要经过漫长的时间，通常是树脂滴落后包裹住各种物体，经过地质作用掩埋地下，逐渐石化而成。除了恐龙尾巴，琥珀中还曾发现过昆虫、植物等多种生物化石，为研究古代生态环境和生物演化提供了珍贵资料。 恐龙与鸟类的进化关系：越来越多的化石证据表明，鸟类是由恐龙进化而来的。本文中提到的羽毛特征就是重要证据之一，此外，恐龙和鸟类在骨骼结构、生理特征等方面也存在诸多相似之处。 【词汇延伸】 与“化石”相关词汇：fossil（化石）、fossilization（化石作用）、rock fossil（岩石化石）、fossil record（化石记录）。 与“恐龙”相关词汇：dinosaur（恐龙）、tyrannosaurus（霸王龙）、velociraptor（迅猛龙）、dinosaur egg（恐龙蛋）。 高考真题链接 （2025年1月浙江首考） A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD. B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS. C. Matrix gardens need more CARE. D. Old garden plots work WONDERS. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“The future of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。 命题特点 考查“整体感知”能力：不聚焦细节，而是要求提炼文章（或段落）的核心观点、主要内容，或概括作者的写作目的。 提问方式固定：常见设问如：What is the main idea of the passage?What does the passage mainly talk about?The purpose of the passage is to ______.Which of the following can best summarize the passage? 覆盖全文或段落：题目可能针对全文主旨，也可能针对某段主旨（需注意题干限定，如“Paragraph 2 mainly discusses”）。 命题规律 主旨句常“藏”在关键位置： 全文主旨：多位于首段（开门见山）、尾段（总结升华），或首尾段呼应处；若文章为“问题-分析-解决”结构，主旨可能在“解决方法”部分。 段落主旨：多位于段首（总起句）或段尾（总结句），少数在段中（转折后引出核心）。 与文章结构强相关： 说明文/议论文：常通过“观点+论据”展开，主旨即核心观点； 记叙文：主旨常是故事传达的道理、情感，或对人物/事件的评价，需结合情节发展和结尾升华句判断。 避免“细节干扰”：正确选项需涵盖全文核心，而非某一细节（即使细节多次出现，若未贯穿全文，也非主旨）。 主旨大意题解题思维 定位“主旨句”：优先读首尾段、各段首尾句，标记含“观点、总结、转折（but/however）”的句子，这类句子往往是主旨句的关键来源。 串联“核心话题”：若无明显主旨句，需梳理全文高频出现的核心名词（或同义替换词），结合各段内容，总结这些内容围绕“什么话题”展开——核心话题+作者对话题的态度/观点，即为主旨。 验证“全面性”：正确选项需覆盖全文主要内容（而非某一段细节），同时不超出文章讨论范围。 主旨大意干扰项特征 以偏概全：仅涉及文章某一段的细节，或某个例子的内容，未涵盖全文核心。 过度延伸：超出文章内容，加入原文未提及的信息或作者未表达的观点。 偷换概念：将原文核心话题的关键词替换为近义但不同义的词，或歪曲原文观点。 无关信息：选项内容与文章话题完全无关，或仅为背景信息，并非作者要表达的核心。 细节放大：将原文中次要的细节（如举例、解释）当作主要内容，颠倒主次。 1.A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. 结构分析： 主语：A novel design approach to gardening（一种新颖的园艺设计方法 ），“to gardening”为后置定语，修饰“design approach” 。 谓语：has been gaining in（一直在……方面增长 ），是现在完成进行时，表示从过去持续到现在且可能继续的动作 ，“gain in popularity”是常用搭配，意为“越来越受欢迎； popularity（受欢迎程度；流行 ）” 。 状语：worldwide（在全球范围内 ），作地点状语 。 译文：一种新颖的园艺设计方法在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。 2.Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 结构分析： 状语：Eschewing fertilizers and power tools（避开化肥和电动工具 ），是现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是句子主语“it”（指代前文的matrix planting这种园艺方法 ），“eschew”是谓语动词，意为“避开；不采用” 。 主语：it（指代matrix planting这一园艺设计方法 ） 。 谓语：is based on（以……为基础 ），“based”是过去分词，与“is”构成被动语态 。 宾语：an elegantly simple principle（一个极为简单的原则 ） 。 同位语：to garden more like nature does（更像大自然那样进行园艺种植 ），对“principle”进行解释说明，其中“like nature does”是方式状语，“does”代替前文的“gardens”，避免重复 。 译文：这种园艺方法不使用化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极为简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植。 1. gain in popularity （逐渐）受到欢迎；越来越流行 2. aim for 旨在；以……为目标 3. eschew fertilizers 避开/不用化肥 4. seek to do sth. 试图做某事；设法做某事 5. create planting mixes 创造种植组合 6. group...so that... 把……分组以便…… 7. form a cooperative ecosystem 形成合作生态系统 8. popularize this style 推广这种风格 9. add artistic flavors to 给……增添艺术韵味 10. play with color and form 运用色彩和形态 11. serve the needs of wildlife 满足野生动物的需求 12. invite sb. to do sth. 吸引/促使某人做某事 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·四川眉山一模） Forest Park Easy Hike in Queens EVENT DESCRIPTION: Walk out into the great outdoors, just outside Manhattan! Forest Park is filled with natural treasures and is a perfect getaway for locals and visitors alike. Can you believe this park has been around for over a century? Take the chance to bring family and four-legged friends, and expect to see a friendly doggie here and there. During the hike, you will explore different trails (all well-paved) and stop at a few key spots to learn more about the 3rd largest park in Queens. Get Tickets Here: https: /newyorksocialnetwork.com/events/forest-park-easy-hike-in-queens-7 Cost: $20 general members Date: May 7, 2023, Sunday How it works: •We’ll meet at 3 p.m. at Wallenberg Square right outside of Forest Park in Queens. •Be prepared to walk as we explore multiple paths throughout the park! •Public transit is available! You can take the EF to Union Turnpike or the LIRR to Kew Gardens and walk 15 minutes over to Wallenberg Square. •The hike will start and end at Wallenberg Square. What to bring: Water, hiking boots or sneakers Difficulty Level: Easy What if it rains? Refunds will be given if the event is canceled due to rain. Can I come alone? Yes, most guests do! It’s a great way to meet new people. Dress Code: Be comfortable and casual. Dress for the weather. You will be outside for 90 minutes. Ages: 20+. Most of our events attract 20’s-40’s although some events can be adjusted to younger or older (50’s) depending on the event. Questions? Email Dave Cervini at dave@newyorksocialnetwork.com or call 212.873.2256, M-F 10 a. m. to 4 p.m.. Nonrefundable unless canceled. 10．What can we learn about Forest Park Easy Hike? A．It is a dog-friendly event. B．It requires non-stop walking. C．It is held in the city center. D．It takes place on unpaved paths. 11．What is the age requirement for the event? A．Older than ten. B．Older than twenty. C．Older than thirty. D．Older than forty. 12．What should you do if you want to go hiking? A．Form a group. B．Carry an umbrella. C．Prepay the ticket. D．Wear formal clothes. 【答案】10．A 11．B 12．C 【导语】本篇为应用文。主要介绍皇后区森林公园徒步活动。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Take the chance to bring family and four-legged friends, and expect to see a friendly doggie here and there. (抓住机会带上家人和你的宠物狗，并期待在各处看到一只友好的小狗)”可知，这次的森林公园徒步活动是可以带狗狗的。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Ages: 20+. Most of our events attract 20’s-40’s although some events can be adjusted to younger or older (50’s) depending on the event. (年龄：20岁以上。我们的大多数活动都吸引20至40岁的人，尽管有些活动可以根据活动的不同调整为更年轻或更年长（50岁）)”可知，活动的年龄要求是20岁以上。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“What if it rains? Refunds will be given if the event is canceled due to rain. (如果下雨怎么办？如果活动因下雨而取消，将给予退款)”和最后一段“Nonrefundable unless canceled. (除非取消，否则不予退还)”可知，参加这项活动需要提前购票。故选C项。 Passage 2 【2024届四川省绵阳南山中学高三二诊热身模拟试题】 Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary. When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness. On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人), set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a.m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step. At 11: 30 a. m., the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.” Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He also left a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.” 24．What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition? A．His undisputed reputation. B．His previous training on Mount Everest. C．His remarkable physical condition. D．His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold. 25．What does the Hillary Step refer to? A．A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered. B．An ax Hillary used to scratch snow. C．A mistake Hillary avoided making. D．A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped. 26．What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest? A．Overwhelming joy. B．A touch of astonishment. C．Complete disbelief. D．Enormous pride. 27．What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering? A．It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering. B．It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue. C．It enabled him to give back to his hometown. D．It opens up possibilities for other climbers. 【答案】24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了登山者Edmund Hillary攀登珠峰的尝试以及他对后人的影响。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.(这是他在两年多的时间里第四次去喜马拉雅探险，他正处于健康的巅峰。)”可知，是卓越的身体状况让Edmund Hillary在1953年的探险中成为一名有能力的登山者。故选C。 25．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.(但在那之后，山脊稍微下降，然后在真正的顶峰前突然上升到一个大约17米高的岩石岬。由于其极端的俯仰，这个阵型很难攀爬，因为一个错误将是致命的。希拉里用斧头刨雪，克服了这个巨大的障碍，后来被称为“希拉里台阶”。)”可知，“希拉里台阶”指的是希拉里征服的一处陡峭的岩尖。故选A。 26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise.(当然，我非常非常高兴能登上顶峰，但我的第一个想法是有点惊讶。)”可知，希拉里登上珠穆朗玛峰的第一感觉有点惊讶。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He also left a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”(他还留下了一笔可观的遗产，登山者们一直在追逐。正如一位年轻的登山者所说，“登上珠穆朗玛峰顶峰的不只是希拉里和Tenzing。这是全人类。突然间，我们所有人都可以去了。”)”可知，希拉里的成就为其他登山者提供了可能性。故选D。 Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） The sales temptation: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right? After all, eye strain (疲劳) is a real issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost 15 dollars all the way up to several hundred dollars. But do they work? Elizabeth Esparaz, an ophthalmologist (眼科专家) in Cleveland, Ohio, says the science that manufacturers share as they promote these glasses can be confusing. For starters, blue light is not just about tech devices, and it’s not always bad. “The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of course, and it’s actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood, alertness and sleep-wake cycle. The problem is blue light at night: It controls the release of melatonin (褪黑素). “Melatonin helps regulate our circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and makes us sleepy,” says Dr. Esparaz. So in theory, wearing blue-light-blocking glasses should help people who watch movies in bed or read from a table t at night to avoid sleeplessness. A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using these glasses. As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses. And a 2018 review study also by Australian researchers, found insufficient evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases. “These glasses aren’t going to be harmful,”  says Dr. Esparaz. But, she adds, a lack of standardization in the industry means there’s no way to know if one pair is better than another. A more reliable solution:  Turn on the blue-light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed. To help with eye strain, Dr. Esparaz suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops. 9．What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs? A．It may facilitate sleep. B．It actually causes severe health issues. C．It can be of benefit in some aspects. D．It merely comes from digital devices. 10．Who will benefit from the glasses according to the studies? A．People under great pressure B．People experiencing eye strain C．People with eye diseases D．People suffering from sleep disorders 11．Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses . A．doesn’t contribute to less eye strain B．benefits those affected by shift work C．is not harmful to eyesight D．helps prevent eye disease 12．What might be the best title of this passage? A．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Your Best Choice B．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Good or Bad C．Blue-light-blocking glasses: A Good Business D．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Smart and Cool 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是防蓝光眼镜是否能够起作用，并给出一些具体的措施。 9．推理判断题。根据根据第一段中的“But do they work?(但它们真的有效吗?)”可知，通过提问的方式，引出本文讲述的话题，防蓝光眼镜有用吗？结合第二段中的““The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of course, and it’s actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood, alertness and sleep-wake cycle. (Esparaz博士说：“当然，太阳发出的蓝光强度比人造设备高得多，这实际上是有益的。它有助于我们的情绪、警觉性和睡眠-觉醒周期。”)”可知，Esparaz博士说，太阳光发出的蓝光强度比人早设备高很多，实际上是有益的，有助于我们的情绪、警觉性和睡眠——觉醒周期，由此可知，蓝光在一些领域是有益的。故选C项 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using these glasses.(俄克拉荷马大学2021年的一项综述研究发现，受睡眠障碍、时差和轮班工作影响的人在戴上这种眼镜后入睡更快。)”可知，俄克拉荷马大学的研究发现，受睡眠障碍影响的人带上这种眼镜后会入睡很快，由此可知，这种眼镜对有睡眠障碍影响的人有益。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses.(至于眼睛疲劳，2021年澳大利亚的一项研究表明，戴眼镜的人的眼睛疲劳并不比戴透明眼镜的人少。)”可知，澳大利亚的研究表明，戴防蓝光眼镜的人的眼疲劳比戴透明眼镜人的眼疲劳并不少，也就是说，戴防蓝光眼镜并不会减少眼疲劳。故选A项。 12．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The sales temptation: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right? After all, eye strain (疲劳) is a real issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost 15 dollars all the way up to several hundred dollars. But do they work?(销售诱惑：防蓝光眼镜本应保护眼睛免受智能手机、电脑屏幕和LED灯发出的短波长光的影响。考虑到我们在设备上花费的时间，这听起来是一项明智的投资，对吧？毕竟，眼睛疲劳是一个真正的问题，它会导致睡眠质量差甚至眼疾。眼镜的价格从15美元到几百美元不等。但它们真的有效吗?)”可知，现在人们花很多的时间在智能手机、电脑屏幕等发射蓝光的电子设备上，会造成眼镜疲劳、睡眠质量差等问题，人们开始在防蓝光眼镜上投资，首段通过提问的形式引出本文的话题，戴防蓝光眼镜真的有用吗？结合下文中对戴防蓝光眼镜的益处的分析以及澳大利亚的一些研究证实戴防蓝光眼镜对缓解眼疲劳以及预防眼疾方面并没有什么效果和证据，综合以上信息，本文讲述的是戴防蓝光眼镜在一些方面有益，但有些方面也没什么效果，所以本文的标题为“防蓝光眼镜：有好有坏”符合本文的内容，且概括全文的主题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2024届·四川宜宾一模） How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations. Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. 21 They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem. 22 when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. 23 This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself. When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. 24 Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time. And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.   25 A．You also learn what you’re good at. B．Here is how you can be more resourceful. C．These may be practical things like pens and paper. D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves. E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways. F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best. 【答案】21．F 22．E 23．A 24．G 25．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。 21．根据前句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”和后句“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. (它们也可以是任何有用的东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经历。)”中的also可知，空处和下文为并列关系，也是在列举可以利用的资源可能是什么。所以选择项F“These may be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. (这些可能是著名的座右铭，总是激励我们继续前进。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 22．挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。 23．该段首句说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(...它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项：你还能知道你所擅长的是什么，对自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。 24．该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项：然后衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个，其中them指代上一句solutions，G项填到此处最合适。故选G。 25．上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项意为“没有人是被期望要独自解决所有问题的”，与上文意义一致。故填D。 Passage5 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Do you sometimes wish there was a quick and easy way to do your homework? Well a new artificial intelligence technology has been released and people are concerned that it could lead to students cheating on their work. ChatGPT is an online service which can not only answer questions but also write realistic school essays just like humans. 26 . But what exactly is ChatGPT and how could it affect the future of homework? ChatGPT was released late last year by company OpenAI, which was founded by Elon Musk. 27 , answering questions from the user. The online chatbot has been trained on lots of information and data from the internet - it can have a human-like conversation answering questions, admitting mistakes and rejecting any inappropriate questions. Experts say it can be used to write essays, stories, poems and even solve computer coding. 28 , which OpenAI admit. Sometimes it writes answers which are incorrect or don’t make sense, and it occasionally guesses what the user has asked it, rather than asking more follow-up questions to understand the question better. What are people saying about it? 29 . Some think students might use it to cheat whereas others think they should use the tool in the classroom to help children learn. 30 . They argue that, just like when the calculator or Google were created, people were unsure at first, but if teachers introduce the technology and teach pupils the benefits but also the downfalls that could help their learning. There are the problems with ChatGPT. CEO of OpenAI, Sam Altman tweeted last year: “ChatGPT is incredibly limited…it’s a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now.” A．But there are limits to what it can do B．ChatGPT is an easy way for students to write an essay C．ChatGPT is getting mixed reviews from people D．The technology chats in a conversational way E．It also isn’t always accurate as well F．Some people have suggested that the software should be welcomed G．Teachers are worried that students may use it to cheat 【答案】26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT，作者认为人工智能还有很长的路要走。 26．根据上文“ChatGPT is an online service which can not only answer questions but also write realistic school essays just like humans. (ChatGPT是一个在线服务，不仅可以回答问题，还可以像人类一样写实际的学校论文。)”可知，此处介绍了ChatGPT的功能之一是可以写论文。B项“ChatGPT is an easy way for students to write an essay. (ChatGPT是学生写文章的一种简单方法。)”补充解释了这一功能，符合语境。故选B。 27．根据下文“it can have a human-like conversation answering questions, admitting mistakes and rejecting any inappropriate questions. (它可以进行类似人类的对话，回答问题或拒绝任何不适合的问题。)”可知，这个在线聊天机器人可以与人类进行对话。D项“The technology chats in a conversational way .( 这项技术以对话的方式聊天。)”符合语境，承接下文“answering questions from the user(回答用户的问题)”。故选D。 28．根据上文“Experts say it can be used to write essays, stories, poems and even solve computer coding. (专家表示，它可以用来写文章、故事、诗歌，甚至解决电脑编码问题。)”以及下文“Sometimes it writes answers which are incorrect or don’t make sense (有时它会写出不正确或没有意义的答案)”可知，上文介绍了ChatGPT的优点，下文介绍了它的局限，所以此处表示转折，引出ChatGPT的缺点。A项“But there are limits to what it can do. (但它所能做的是有限的。)”符合语境。故选A。 29．根据上文“What are people saying about it? (关于它人们是怎么说的？)”以及下文“Some think students might use it to cheat whereas others think they should use the tool in the classroom to help children learn. (一些人认为学生可能会用它来作弊，而另一些人则认为他们应该在课堂上使用这个工具来帮助孩子学习。)”可知，此处介绍人们对于ChatGPT的看法，人们的看法各不相同。C项“ChatGPT is getting mixed reviews from people. (人们对ChatGPT的评价褒贬不一。)”符合语境。故选C。 30．根据下文“They argue that, just like when the calculator or Google were created, people were unsure at first, but if teachers introduce the technology and teach pupils the benefits but also the downfalls that could help their learning. (他们认为，就像计算器或谷歌被创造出来时一样，人们一开始也不确定，但如果教师引入这项技术，并教给学生好处和坏处，这将有助于他们的学习。)”可知，本段介绍了随着新事物的出现，认清它们的优缺点会对人们有帮助。F项“Some people have suggested that the software should be welcomed .( 一些人建议应该欢迎这个软件。)”最能概括本段内容。故选F。 Passage6 （2024届·甘肃白银一模） In high school, I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me 66 that science could teach us a lot. It teaches us the 67 so we know where we are from. That day, I firmly 68 to be a scientist. Ever since that day, I have studied harder 69 in all my science-related subjects. After school, I do much research on how I can become a 70 scientist in the future. One of my 71 in becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock, who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25, she already had her PhD in botany. After that, she started her 72 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she 73 herself to that research for the rest of her life. If I am lucky and given the 74 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 75 something that helped the other scientists 76 the things about genetics (遗传学). I know I will be able to achieve my 77 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I achieve my goal, I will share my 78 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 79 as the stars in the night sky. However, my future is still far. I will make the most of the 80 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist. 66．A．doubt B．wonder C．realize D．value 67．A．school B．origin C．growth D．study 68．A．refused B．volunteered C．continued D．decided 69．A．especially B．possibly C．properly D．separately 70．A．happy B．popular C．real D．careful 71．A．experiences B．persuasions C．generations D．inspirations 72．A．attempt B．career C．praise D．tradition 73．A．devoted B．invited C．limited D．reduced 74．A．reason B．freedom C．right D．opportunity 75．A．heard B．expected C．discovered D．awarded 76．A．set out B．figure out C．stick out D．take out 77．A．dream B．reward C．fame D．stage 78．A．fortune B．location C．light D．secret 79．A．bright B．capable C．proud D．brave 80．A．lesson B．present C．mind D．heart 【答案】 66．C 67．B 68．D 69．A 70．C 71．D 72．B 73．A 74．D 75．C 76．B 77．A 78．D 79．A 80．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在中学某次做实验的时候，发现了科学能够教会我们很多东西，自此作者励志成为一名科学家，尽管未来很遥远，作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。 66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个实验让我意识到科学可以教会我们很多东西。A. doubt怀疑；B. wonder想知道；C. realize意识到；D. value珍视。后文“It teaches us the ___2___ so we know where we are from.”进一步描述科学教会了我们的具体内容，所以该空表示实验让作者“意识”到了科学能教育我们。故选C。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它教会我们起源，让我们知道自己来自哪里。A. school学校；B. origin起源；C. growth成长；D. study学习，研究。根据空后内容“so we know where we are (因此我们知道我们来自于哪里)”可知科学教了我们“起源”。故选B。 68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我下定决心要成为一名科学家。A. refused拒绝；B. volunteered志愿做；C. continued继续；D. decided决定。此处考查动作顺序。空前作者通过做实验发现了科学能教授内容；空后“I have studied harder ___4___ in all my science-related subjects.”作者更加努力去学习与科学有关的学科，所以该空描述作者“决定”去成为一名科学家。故选D。 69．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我更加努力地学习，尤其是在所有与科学相关的科目上。A. especially尤其；B. possibly可能；C. properly适当地；D. separately分别地。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家，所以“尤其”会对与科学相关的课程更关注。故选A。 70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：放学后，我做了很多关于如何在未来成为一名真正的科学家的研究。A. happy高兴的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. real真实的；D. careful仔细的。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付诸努力，所以此处作者去调研如何成为一名“真正”的科学家。故选C。 71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我成为科学家的灵感之一是Barbara McClintock，她曾获得1983年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。A. experiences经历；B. persuasions说服；C. generations代；D. inspirations灵感。根据后文具体介绍的科学家Barbara McClintock可知，她是作者变成科学家的“灵感”之一。故选D。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，她作为玉米细胞遗传学研究的领导者开始了她的职业生涯，并将她的余生奉献给了这项研究。A. attempt尝试；B. career事业；C. praise表扬；D. tradition传统。空后“ the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) ”是她从事的“事业”的具体领域。故选B。 73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，她作为玉米细胞遗传学研究的领导者开始了她的职业生涯，并将她的余生奉献给了这项研究。A. devoted奉献；B. invited邀请；C. limited限制；D. reduced减少。根据空后“for the rest of her life”可知，Barbara McClintock开启研究后，余生都“奉献”给了这项研究。故选A。 74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我很幸运，有机会实现我作为一名科学家的抱负，我想成为McClintock博士那样的人。A. reason理由；B. freedom自由；C. right权利；D. opportunity机会。根据空后“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前提示词“lucky”可知，此处表示将来未发生的，所以是被给予成为科学家的“机会”。故选D。 75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的发现帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的一些事情。A. heard听说；B. expected期待；C. discovered发现；D. awarded授予。根据空后内容“something that helped the other scientists”可知，她“发现”的一些事情帮助了其他科学家。故选C。 76．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的发现帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的一些事情。A. set out出发；B. figure out弄清楚；C stick out伸出；显眼；D. take out取出。McClintock博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家“弄清楚”了关于遗传学的内容。故选B。 77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道只要我把我的心和毅力投入其中，我就能实现我的梦想。A. dream梦想；B. reward奖励；C. fame荣誉；D. stage阶段，舞台。由提示动词achieve可知，A选项符合题意，同时呼应前文的“ambition”。故选A。 78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我实现了我的目标，我将与所有同样热爱科学并想成为科学家的孩子们分享我的成功秘诀。A. fortune幸运；B. location位置；C. light光；D. secret秘诀。根据空后“of success with all the kids”可知，作者会和孩子们分享成功的“秘诀”。故选D。 79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的未来会像夜空中的星星一样明亮。A. bright明亮的；B. capable有能力的；C. proud自豪的；D. brave勇敢的。作者把自己的未来比作天上的星星，所以应该是“明亮的”。故选A。 80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我将充分利用现在来实现我成为一名科学家的最伟大的抱负。A. lesson课程；B. present现在；C. mind思维；D. heart内心。前文描述作者的未来还很遥远，所以此处应该是作者会充分把握好“现在”去实现未来目标。故选B。 Passage7 （2024届·四川绵阳一模） Around Thanksgiving, I flew to visit my family. A woman across the aisle 81 to push her suitcase into the tight overhead bin. When we landed, she was pulling, but the suitcase didn’t 82 . I asked if I could help, 83 she replied, “It’ll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out.” Her calmness and confidence 84 me, striking me as a recipe for cultivating (培养) resilience (抗逆力) in life. Resilience is the ability to 85 challenging circumstances, refocus and find ways back into a positive life. The woman’s reaction to her 86 luggage was a beautiful example of cultivating resilience: “ 87 seeing crises as unsolvable problems.” The 88 situation might not be a “crisis”, but you know how 89 a plane aisle can be when everyone is trying to get off the plane. The woman kept herself 90 by recognizing her problem had a solution. The 91 reminded me of something that happened to me this past fall, when I took a solitary (单独的) hike along a rocky ocean path. I was enjoying myself in the fresh air, feeling 92 as I picked my way from rock to rock and congratulating myself when I reached the end of the dock. Then I turned around and saw how 93 I had traveled, I felt myself slipping into nervous self-doubt. What if I 94 and twisted my ankle? I took a deep breath and, like the woman on the 95 , realized with relief that I could certainly make it 96 . When I finally stepped back onto the shore, I not only felt 97 , but also confident and accomplished. When 98 plant seeds of “I can’t” in your mind, maybe you’ll remember the woman on the plane. Wherever life has brought you, consider that there is a 99 to come back to yourself. You have the power of resilience within you whenever you are 100 it. 81．A．helped B．refused C．delayed D．struggled 82．A．fit B．respond C．move D．open 83．A．or B．so C．for D．but 84．A．beat B．inspired C．controlled D．appreciated 85．A．get into B．give up C．meet with D．adapt to 86．A．stuck B．checked C．broken D．delivered 87．A．Mind B．Avoid C．Enjoy D．Practice 88．A．seat B．memory C．luggage D．breath 89．A．noisy B．focused C．packed D．changeable 90．A．cool B．brave C．special D．popular 91．A．test B．moment C．performance D．appearance 92．A．strong B．breathless C．ashamed D．weak 93．A．far B．soon C．quick D．often 94．A．left B．tripped C．returned D．hesitated 95．A．shore B．stage C．plane D．ground 96．A．up B．out C．away D．back 97．A．free B．safe C．relieved D．frustrated 98．A．desires B．responsibilities C．accidents D．challenges 99．A．way B．coincidence C．lesson D．reward 100．A．in favor of B．in need of C．in choice of D．in advance of 【答案】 81．D 82．C 83．D 84．B 85．D 86．A 87．B 88．C 89．C 90．A 91．B 92．A 93．A 94．B 95．C 96．D 97．C 98．D 99．A 100．B 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者有一次坐飞机，发现一位女士费力地取行李箱，想要给予帮助时，这位女士的一番话以及镇定自若的态度让作者明白一个道理：即使困难在你心中播下“我不行”的种子，只要你坚信问题一定能解决，你的内心就有坚韧的力量。 81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过道对面的一位女士费力地把她的手提箱推到头顶上狭小的箱子里。A. helped帮助；B. refused拒绝；C. delayed推迟；D. struggled挣扎，艰难进行。根据下文“I asked if I could help”推知，女士推行李箱时很费力。故选D。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们降落时，她正在拉，但行李箱没有动。A. fit适合；B. respond回应；C. move移动，感动；D. open打开。根据“she was pulling”和表示转折的but可知，虽然女士在推，但行李箱没动。故选C。 83．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我问她是否可以帮忙，但她回答说：“能行的。我把它弄进去了，一定有办法把它弄出来。”A. or或者，否则；B. so因此，所以；C. for因为；D. but但是。根据“I asked if I could help”和““It’ll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out. ””可知，女士拒绝了作者的帮助，由此推知上下文是转折关系。故选D。 84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的冷静和自信启发了我，让我觉得这是培养生活韧性的良方。A. beat敲打，打败，跳动；B. inspired启发，鼓励；C. controlled控制；D. appreciated感激。根据“striking me as a recipe for cultivating (培养) resilience (抗逆力) in life.”可知，女士的行为让作者受到了启发，认为这是培养生活韧性的好方法。故选B。 85．考查动词短语辨析。句意：韧性是适应具有挑战性的环境、重新集中注意力并找到重返积极生活的方法的能力。A. get into进入，陷入；B. give up放弃；C. meet with会面。经历；D. adapt to适应。根据“challenging circumstances”并结合常识可知，此处是指适应具有挑战的环境需要韧性。故选D。 86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位女士对行李卡住的反应是培养韧性的一个很好的例子：“避免将危机视为无法解决的问题。”A. stuck坚持，贴，卡住；B. checked检查，核实；C. broken打破；D. delivered投递，交付。根据上文“she was pulling, but the suitcase didn’t 　　2　　.”可知，行李箱被卡住了。故选A。 87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位女士对行李卡住的反应是培养韧性的一个很好的例子：“避免将危机视为无法解决的问题。”A. Mind介意；B. Avoid避免；C. Enjoy享受；D. Practice练习。根据上文“It’ll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out.”推知，作者认为不要把危机看作无法解决的问题，而是要利用这个机会培养自己的韧性。故选B。 88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：行李情况可能不是“危机”，但你知道当每个人都试图下飞机时，飞机过道会有多拥挤。A. seat座位；B. memory记忆；C. luggage行李；D. breath呼吸。根据上文“A woman across the aisle 　　1　　 to push her suitcase into the tight overhead bin.”可知，作者利用女士推卡住的行李的事情来讲道理。故选C。 89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：行李情况可能不是“危机”，但你知道当每个人都试图下飞机时，飞机过道会有多拥挤。A. noisy吵闹的；B. focused专注的，目标明确的；C. packed拥挤的；D. changeable多变的，可变的。根据“when everyone is trying to get off the plane.”可知，当所有乘客都试图下飞机时是很拥挤的。故选C。 90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位妇女认识到自己的问题有解决办法，因此保持冷静。A. cool冷静的；B. brave勇敢的；C. special特别的；D. popular流行的。根据上文“Her calmness and confidence”可知，女士始终保持冷静。故选A。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一刻让我想起了去年秋天发生在我身上的事情，当时我独自一人沿着一条岩石小路徒步旅行。A. test测试；B. moment时刻；C. performance表现，表演；D. appearance出现，外表。根据下文“reminded me of something that happened to me this past fall”并结合上文的讲述的情形可知，这位女士平静地处理被卡在行李架中的行李箱的那一刻让作者想起一件事。故选B。 92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在新鲜空气中玩得很开心，从一块岩石走到另一块岩石时感觉很强壮，当我到达码头尽头时，我祝贺自己。A. strong坚固的，强壮的；B. breathless上气不接下气的；C. ashamed愧疚的；D. weak虚弱的。根据下文“as I picked my way from rock to rock and congratulating myself when I reached the end of the dock.”可知，作者感到自己很强壮，能够在岩石上行走到目的地。故选A。 93．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我转过身来，看到自己走了很远，我觉得自己陷入了紧张的自我怀疑。A. far远的；B. soon很快；C. quick快的；D. often常常。根据上文“from rock to rock and congratulating myself when I reached the end of the dock.”可知，作者从一个岩石到另一个岩石，最终走到了码头。由此可知，当作者转过头时发现自己其实走了很远。故选A。 94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我绊倒扭伤了脚踝怎么办？A. left离开，留下；B. tripped绊倒；C. returned返回，归还；D. hesitated犹豫，迟疑。根据“twisted my ankle”推知，作者反思万一自己在从岩石走到码头的过程中绊倒或扭伤了脚踝该怎么办。故选B。 95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我深吸了一口气，像飞机上的那个女人一样，如释重负地意识到我肯定能回来。A. shore海岸；B. stage舞台；C. plane飞机；D. ground地面。根据上文“Around Thanksgiving, I flew to visit my family. A woman across the aisle 　　1　　 to push her suitcase into the tight overhead bin.”可知，此处是指飞机上那个女人。故选C。 96．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我深吸了一口气，像飞机上的那个女人一样，如释重负地意识到我肯定能回来。A. up向上；B. out向外；C. away远离；D. back回来。根据上文“When I finally stepped back onto the shore”可知，作者认为自己既然能安全地过来，也能成功回去。故选D。 97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我终于回到岸边时，我不仅感到如释重负，而且充满信心和成就感。A. free免费的；B. safe安全的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. frustrated沮丧的。not only…but also…连接并列成份，根据“confident and accomplished”可知，作者回到岸边时如释重负并且充满自信和成就感。故选C。 98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当挑战在你脑海中播下“我不能”的种子时，也许你会想起飞机上的那个女人。A. desires渴望；B. responsibilities责任；C. accidents事故；D. challenges挑战。根据上文“challenging circumstances”可知，此处是指如果挑战让你觉得自己没有能力解决时。故选D。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论生活把你带到哪里，相信总有一条路可以让你回归。A. way路，方法；B. coincidence巧合；C. lesson课，教训；D. reward回报。根据上文““It’ll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out.””可知，无论遇到什么困难，总有自己可以解决的方法，即有一条路可以让你回归。故选A。 100．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当你需要的时，你的内心都有韧性的力量。A. in favor of赞成；B. in need of需要；C. in choice of选择；D. in advance of在……之前。根据上文““It’ll come. I got it in, and there has to be a way to get it out.”和“Wherever life has brought you, consider that there is a 　　19　　 to come back to yourself.”可知，只要我们需要，我们内心就会有坚韧。故选B。 Passage8 【2024届江西省江西省部分高中九校联考高三二模试题】 Using needles to help life’s energy flow For thousands of years, the Chinese have relieved pain and cured disease through acupuncture (针灸). 36 (evolve) from the discovery that using stone needles to prick specific points on the surface of the body could relieve pain and symptoms, acupuncture has become 37 integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, in line with the philosophy that promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans with nature. According to Records of the Grand Historian, 38 (write) by Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago, Bian Que, a highly skilled 39 (physical) during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), was famous for having saved a prince from “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint on the head of the unconscious man. According to TCM (中医), there are a dozen meridians (经脉) in the human body, 40 the qi, or life energy, circulates to nourish the organs. Cold, infections or diseases can result in blocking of the energy, and so stimulating the acupoints can unblock stagnant (不流动的) qi, restore normal circulation and improve health. Today, acupuncture is still 41 (wide) used in China. In 2010, UNESCO inscribed acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Yet, the practice is not just cultural and historical, 42 a medical technique widely used and researched today. For years, 43 the clear therapeutic effects of acupuncture in treating many diseases, there were few convincing studies that explained how acupoint stimulation worked, or what meridians were anatomically speaking, so the technique always seemed somewhat 44 (mystery). However, as scientific research of acupuncture 45 (grow) in recent years, producing good quality results, the technique is gaining traction around the world. 【答案】 36．Evolving 37．an 38．written 39．physician 40．where 41．widely 42．but 43．despite 44．mysterious 45．has grown 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中医针灸，包括其历史起源、理念、原理以及近年来的发展等。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：针灸源于人们发现用石针刺入身体表面的特定穴位可以缓解疼痛和症状，已经成为中医不可分割的一部分，符合促进人与自然和谐共处的理念。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作状语，对acupuncture作补充说明，evolve和acupuncture逻辑上是主动关系，应用evolve的现在分词形式，且空处位于句首，evolving的首字母需大写。故填Evolving。 37．考查冠词。句意：针灸源于人们发现用石针刺入身体表面的特定穴位可以缓解疼痛和症状，已经成为中医不可分割的一部分，符合促进人与自然和谐共处的理念。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且integral的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：据大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》记载，战国时期（公元前475—221年）的一位医术高超的医生扁鹊，曾用针刺激昏迷者头上的百会穴，使一位王子“死而复生”。分析句子可知，空处作Records of the Grand Historian的非限制性后置定语，是非谓语动词，write和Records of the Grand Historian逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，应用write的过去分词形式。故填written。 39．考查名词。句意：据大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》记载，战国时期（公元前475—221年）的一位医术高超的医生扁鹊，曾用针刺激昏迷者头上的百会穴，使一位王子“死而复生”。分析句子可知，空处作句子的主语，结合“a highly skilled”可知，名词physician“医生”符合题意，需用单数形式。故填physician。 40．考查定语从句。句意：根据中医的说法，人体有十几个经络，在这些经络中，气或生命能量循环以滋养器官。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词meridians作补充说明，关系词替代先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 41．考查副词。句意：今天，针灸在中国仍被广泛使用。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词used，wide的副词形式widely符合题意，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。 42．考查连词。句意：然而，这种做法不仅具有文化和历史意义，而且是今天广泛使用和研究的一种医疗技术。根据“not just”可推知，此处用固定句型not just…but…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 43．考查介词。句意：多年来，尽管针灸在治疗许多疾病方面有明显的疗效，但很少有令人信服的研究解释穴位刺激是如何起作用的，或者从解剖学上讲，什么是经络，所以这项技术总是显得有些神秘。此处提及针灸有一些明显的疗效，但缺少令人信服的研究，前后有让步关系，且空后为名词短语，因此用意为“尽管，即使”的介词despite。故填despite。 44．考查形容词。句意：多年来，尽管针灸在治疗许多疾病方面有明显的疗效，但很少有令人信服的研究解释穴位刺激是如何起作用的，或者从解剖学上讲，什么是经络，所以这项技术总是显得有些神秘。分析句子可知，空处作seemed的表语，mystery的形容词形式mysterious符合题意，意为“神秘的”。故填mysterious。 45．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着近年来针灸科学研究的发展，产生了高质量的结果，这项技术在世界范围内得到了关注。分析句子可知，空处作as引导的从句的谓语，时间状语为in recent years，时态应用现在完成时，且主语research不可数，助动词用has。故填has grown。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$