摘要:
该高中英语课件聚焦动词不定式作定语和状语,从基本形式(to+动词原形及否定式)导入,逐步展开定语(动宾关系、位置、不及物动词加介词)和状语(目的、结果、原因)的用法规则与典型例句,通过易混点辨析搭建递进学习支架,最终以练习题巩固,形成“基础-规则-辨析-应用”的完整脉络。
其亮点在于结构化呈现与思维品质培养,如通过“a plan to carry out(不定式,未发生)”与“a plan being carried out(现在分词,正在发生)”对比,引导学生分析差异。结合针对性练习(如“He stayed up late to finish the report”表目的状语)和易错点总结(不及物动词加介词等),提升学习能力。采用“规则-例句-辨析-练习”教学法,学生能夯实语言能力,教师可高效开展语法教学。
内容正文:
动词不定式作定语和状语
目录
1. 动词不定式的基本形式
2. 动词不定式作定语
- 用法规则
- 典型例句
3. 动词不定式作状语
- 用法规则(目的、结果、原因)
- 典型例句
动词不定式的基本形式
- 结构:to + 动词原形(否定式:not to + 动词原形)
- 特点:非谓语动词,无人称/数的变化,可表动作的未发生性
- 例句:
- She wants to study English.(肯定式)
- He decided not to go there.(否定式)
动词不定式作定语(1)—— 用法规则
- 定义:修饰名词/代词,表“要做的事”“该做的事”,逻辑上与被修饰词构成动宾关系
- 位置:置于被修饰的名词/代词之后
- 注意:若不定式动词为不及物动词,需加适当介词(与被修饰词搭配)
动词不定式作定语(2)—— 典型例句
1. I have a lot of homework to do.(do与homework构成动宾关系)
2. She is looking for a room to live in.(live为不及物动词,加介词in)
3. He is the first person to finish the task.(修饰序数词first)
4. There is no time to waste.(修饰名词time,表“可浪费的时间”)
动词不定式作状语(1)—— 表目的
- 用法:说明动作的目的,常译为“为了……”
- 标志词:可与in order to, so as to连用(so as to不能放句首)
- 例句:
1. He works hard to pass the exam.(为了通过考试)
2. In order to catch the early bus, she got up at 5:00.(为了赶早班车)
3. She saved money so as to buy a new bike.(为了买新自行车)
动词不定式作状语(2)—— 表结果
- 用法:说明动作的结果,常译为“(结果)……”
- 标志词:常与only连用(表“意外结果”)
- 例句:
1. He ran fast, only to miss the train.(结果没赶上火车)
2. The book is easy to understand.(结果是容易理解的)
3. She left home early, to arrive there on time.(结果准时到达)
动词不定式作状语(3)—— 表原因
- 用法:说明动作的原因,常置于表情感的形容词后(如happy, sorry, glad等)
- 例句:
1. I’m glad to see you.(因为见到你而高兴)
2. She was sad to hear the bad news.(因为听到坏消息而难过)
3. They are lucky to get the chance.(因为得到机会而幸运)
易混点辨析(1)—— 不定式作定语vs. 现在分词作定语
- 不定式作定语:表“未发生的动作”
例:a plan to carry out(将要执行的计划)
- 现在分词作定语:表“正在发生的动作”
例:a plan being carried out(正在被执行的计划)
易混点辨析(2)—— 不定式作目的状语vs. 目的状语从句
- 不定式:to do / in order to do(简洁)
例:He studies hard to get good grades.
- 目的状语从句:so that + 句子(可接情态动词)
例:He studies hard so that he can get good grades.
1. She has a lot of clothes ______ (wash) today.(定语)
2. He stayed up late ______ (finish) the report.(目的状语)
3. The girl was too excited ______ (say) a word.(结果状语)
4. We need a pen ______ (write) with.(定语)
5. I’m sorry ______ (trouble) you.(原因状语)
6. He hurried to the station, only ______ (find) the train had left.(结果状语)
7. This is a good chance ______ (improve) your English.(定语)
8. She decided ______ (not go) to the party.(不定式否定式)
9. They are ready ______ (start) the project.(定语)
10. In order ______ (win) the game, they practiced every day.(目的状语)
1. to wash(作定语,修饰clothes,表“要洗的衣服”)
2. to finish(作目的状语,表“为了完成报告”)
3. to say(与too搭配,表“太……而不能……”,结果状语)
4. to write(作定语,write为不及物动词,加介词with)
5. to trouble(作原因状语,置于sorry后,表“因为打扰你而抱歉”)
6. to find(与only连用,表意外结果,“结果发现”)
7. to improve(作定语,修饰chance,表“提升英语的机会”)
8. not to go(不定式否定式,“决定不去”)
9. to start(作定语,修饰ready后的逻辑宾语project,“准备开始的项目”)
10. to win(与in order搭配,表目的,“为了赢得比赛”)
易错点总结
1. 不定式作定语时,不及物动词需加介词(如live in a room)
2. 否定式直接在to前加not(not to do)
3. 表结果时only to do 表“意外结果”,to do 表“自然结果”
4. 目的状语中so as to 不能放句首,in order to 可放句首
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