Unit 4 Natural Disasters 词汇拓展短语清单-2025-2026学年高一上学期英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版(2019)必修1 Unit 4“Natural Disasters”单元的词汇拓展短语，涵盖自然灾害类型、应对措施、影响后果及实用表达四大知识范畴，搭建了从基础短语记忆到情境化应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合（如“slide”动词短语系列）、情境化例句（如“shelter from”描述躲雨场景）呈现知识体系，体现语言能力培养，例句帮助学生理解语境应用。设计同一词汇多搭配对比（如“suffer from drought”与“suffer a loss”），培养思维品质，不同基础学生可高效记忆，教师可据此设计情境教学活动，提升课堂实效。

人教版(2019)必修1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters期末词汇拓展短语背记 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句 1 natural disaster 自然灾害 Earthquakes and floods are common natural disasters. 地震和洪水是常见的自然灾害。 2 disaster relief 救灾 The government sent teams for disaster relief after the storm. 暴风雨后，政府派遣了救灾队伍。 3 tornado warning 龙卷风警报 The radio issued a tornado warning for the area. 电台对该地区发布了龙卷风警报。 4 hit by a tornado 被龙卷风袭击 The small town was hit by a tornado last night. 这个小镇昨晚被龙卷风袭击了。 5 severe drought 严重旱灾 The region suffered a severe drought this year. 该地区今年遭遇了严重旱灾。 6 suffer from drought 遭受旱灾 Farmers have suffered from drought for months. 农民们已遭受旱灾数月。 7 landslide accident 滑坡事故 A landslide accident blocked the mountain road. 一场滑坡事故阻断了山路。 8 cause a landslide 引发滑坡 Heavy rain may cause a landslide in the area. 暴雨可能在该地区引发滑坡。 9 slide down 滑下 The child slid down the snowy hill happily. 孩子开心地从雪坡上滑下。 10 slide into 滑入；陷入 The car slid into a ditch on the icy road. 汽车在结冰的路上滑进了沟里。 11 tsunami wave 海啸波 The tsunami wave destroyed many coastal houses. 海啸波摧毁了许多沿海房屋。 12 tsunami alert 海啸警报 The country issued a tsunami alert after the earthquake. 地震后，该国发布了海啸警报。 13 flood control 防洪 The government has taken measures for flood control. 政府已采取防洪措施。 14 be flooded with 被……淹没；充满 The streets were flooded with water after the rain. 雨后街道被水淹没。 15 volcanic eruption prediction 火山喷发预测 Scientists are working on volcanic eruption prediction. 科学家们正在研究火山喷发预测。 16 occur a volcanic eruption 发生火山喷发 A volcanic eruption occurred in the island last week. 上周该岛发生了火山喷发。 17 earthquake magnitude 地震震级 The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.5. 这次地震震级为6.5级。 18 of great magnitude 意义重大的 The discovery is of great magnitude for science. 这一发现对科学意义重大。 19 rescue operation 救援行动 The rescue operation lasted for three days. 救援行动持续了三天。 20 come to one's rescue 前来营救某人 A passer-by came to his rescue when he fell into the river. 他落水时，一位路人前来营救。 21 cause damage to 对……造成损害 The storm caused great damage to the crops. 暴风雨对庄稼造成了巨大损害。 22 serious damage 严重损失 The fire resulted in serious damage to the building. 火灾对大楼造成了严重损失。 23 destroy completely 彻底摧毁 The earthquake destroyed the village completely. 地震彻底摧毁了这个村庄。 24 be destroyed by 被……摧毁 The old temple was destroyed by a fire. 这座古庙被一场大火摧毁了。 25 evacuate people 疏散人群 Police helped evacuate people from the dangerous area. 警方帮助从危险区域疏散人群。 26 evacuate from 从……撤离 Residents were ordered to evacuate from the flood zone. 居民被命令从洪灾区撤离。 27 helicopter rescue 直升机救援 Helicopter rescue saved many people in the mountain. 直升机救援在山区救出了许多人。 28 by helicopter 乘直升机 They traveled to the remote area by helicopter. 他们乘直升机前往偏远地区。 29 death toll 死亡人数 The death toll from the accident has risen to 10. 事故死亡人数已上升至10人。 30 die a natural death 自然死亡 The old man died a natural death at the age of 90. 这位老人90岁时自然死亡。 31 affect one's health 影响某人的健康 Lack of sleep can affect your health. 睡眠不足会影响你的健康。 32 be affected by 被……影响 The crops were affected by the cold weather. 庄稼受到了寒冷天气的影响。 33 shelter from 躲避…… They sheltered from the rain under a big tree. 他们在大树下躲雨。 34 emergency shelter 应急避难所 The school served as an emergency shelter during the flood. 洪水期间，这所学校成了应急避难所。 35 crack down 镇压；打击 The government cracked down on illegal activities. 政府打击非法活动。 36 a crack in the wall 墙上的裂缝 There is a small crack in the wall of the room. 房间墙上有一道小裂缝。 37 as if + 从句 似乎……（引导方式状语从句） She looked as if she had seen a ghost. 她看起来好像见了鬼似的。 38 It looks as if... 看起来好像…… It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 39 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 The city lay in ruins after the war. 战后这座城市破败不堪。 40 ruin one's life 毁掉某人的生活 His addiction to drugs ruined his life. 他对毒品的成瘾毁掉了他的生活。 41 lie in ruins 处于废墟状态 The ancient castle lies in ruins now. 这座古堡现在处于废墟状态。 42 fall into ruins 变成废墟 The old building fell into ruins over time. 随着时间推移，这座旧建筑变成了废墟。 43 a hundred percent 百分之百 I am a hundred percent sure of his success. 我百分之百确定他会成功。 44 thirty percent 百分之三十 Thirty percent of the students like playing basketball. 百分之三十的学生喜欢打篮球。 45 brick wall 砖墙 The garden is surrounded by a brick wall. 花园被一堵砖墙围着。 46 make of bricks 用砖砌成 The house is made of red bricks. 这所房子是用红砖砌成的。 47 metal products 金属制品 The factory produces various metal products. 这家工厂生产各种金属制品。 48 heavy metal 重金属 Heavy metal music is popular among young people. 重金属音乐在年轻人中很流行。 49 in shock 震惊；吃惊 She was in shock after hearing the bad news. 听到坏消息后，她很震惊。 50 a great shock 极大的震惊 The accident was a great shock to his family. 这起事故对他的家人是极大的震惊。 51 remain in shock 仍处于震惊中 He remained in shock for hours after the earthquake. 地震后他仍处于震惊中达数小时。 52 be in a state of shock 处于震惊状态 The survivors were in a state of shock. 幸存者们处于震惊状态。 53 electricity supply 电力供应 The electricity supply was cut off during the storm. 暴风雨期间电力供应被切断。 54 save electricity 节约用电 We should save electricity by turning off lights when leaving. 我们离开时应关灯以节约用电。 55 trap in 被困在…… Many people were trapped in the burning building. 许多人被困在着火的大楼里。 56 fall into a trap 落入陷阱 He fell into a trap set by his enemies. 他落入了敌人设下的陷阱。 57 bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 She buried herself in her studies all day. 她整天埋头学习。 58 bury the dead 埋葬死者 The soldiers helped bury the dead after the battle. 战后士兵们帮助埋葬死者。 59 breathe in 吸入 We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. 我们吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。 60 breathe out 呼出 He breathed out slowly to calm down. 他慢慢呼出气体以平静下来。 61 revive sb. 使某人苏醒 The doctor tried to revive the unconscious man. 医生试图使失去意识的人苏醒。 62 revive after 在……后复苏 The plant revived after being watered. 这株植物浇水后复苏了。 63 economic revival 经济复苏 The country is expecting an economic revival next year. 该国预计明年经济复苏。 64 cultural revival 文化振兴 The festival aims to promote cultural revival. 这个节日旨在促进文化振兴。 65 make an effort 努力 She made an effort to finish the work on time. 她努力按时完成工作。 66 spare no effort 不遗余力 We will spare no effort to help you. 我们将不遗余力地帮助你。 67 unify the country 统一国家 The leader's dream was to unify the country. 这位领导人的梦想是统一国家。 68 unify into 统一成 The small states were unified into a big country. 这些小国家统一成了一个大国。 69 the wisdom of the elderly 老年人的智慧 We should learn from the wisdom of the elderly. 我们应该学习老年人的智慧。 70 practical wisdom 实用智慧 His practical wisdom helped solve the problem. 他的实用智慧帮助解决了问题。 71 in context 在上下文中 You need to understand the word in context. 你需要结合上下文理解这个词。 72 cultural context 文化背景 The novel should be read in its cultural context. 这部小说应结合其文化背景来读。 73 suffer from 遭受；患……病 He has suffered from a headache for years. 他患头痛多年了。 74 suffer a loss 遭受损失 The company suffered a big loss in the crisis. 这家公司在危机中遭受了巨大损失。 75 active volcano 活火山 Mount Fuji is an active volcano in Japan. 富士山是日本的一座活火山。 76 dormant volcano 休眠火山 The dormant volcano may erupt one day. 这座休眠火山有一天可能会喷发。 77 erupt suddenly 突然爆发 The volcano erupted suddenly without warning. 这座火山毫无预警地突然爆发。 78 volcano erupts 火山爆发 People were evacuated when the volcano erupted. 火山爆发时，人们被疏散了。 79 supply sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物 The factory supplies food to the local market. 这家工厂向当地市场供应食品。 80 in short supply 供应短缺 Fresh water is in short supply in the area. 该地区淡水供应短缺。 81 typhoon season 台风季节 Typhoon season in this region is from July to October. 该地区的台风季节是7月至10月。 82 hit by a typhoon 被台风袭击 The coastal city was hit by a strong typhoon. 这座沿海城市被强台风袭击了。 83 stay in the open air 待在户外 We stayed in the open air to watch the stars. 我们待在户外看星星。 84 hold a party in the open air 露天举办派对 They plan to hold a birthday party in the open air. 他们计划露天举办生日派对。 85 hurricane center 飓风中心 The hurricane center is moving towards the coast. 飓风中心正朝着海岸移动。 86 hurricane warning 飓风警报 A hurricane warning has been issued for the area. 该地区已发布飓风警报。 87 survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 Only a few people survived the disaster. 只有少数人在灾难中幸存。 88 survive on 靠……生存 They survived on wild fruits in the forest. 他们在森林里靠野果生存。 89 power failure 停电 We had a power failure last night. 昨晚我们停电了。 90 in power 执政；掌权 The party has been in power for ten years. 该党已执政十年。 91 tap on 轻敲…… She tapped on the table to get his attention. 她轻敲桌子以引起他的注意。 92 turn on the tap 打开水龙头 Please turn on the tap to wash your hands. 请打开水龙头洗手。 93 water pipe 水管 A water pipe burst and flooded the kitchen. 一根水管破裂，淹没了厨房。 94 gas pipe 煤气管道 The gas pipe was repaired by the workers. 工人们修好了煤气管道。 95 blow a whistle 吹哨子 The referee blew a whistle to end the game. 裁判吹哨结束了比赛。 96 whistle for 徒然渴望 You can't just whistle for success; you have to work for it. 你不能渴望成功而不努力。 97 emergency exit 紧急出口 Please remember the location of the emergency exit. 请记住紧急出口的位置。 98 in an emergency 在紧急情况下 Call 119 in an emergency. 紧急情况下请拨打119。 99 stay calm 保持镇静 It's important to stay calm in danger. 危险时保持镇静很重要。 100 calm down 平静下来 Take a deep breath to calm down. 深呼吸平静下来。 101 foreign aid 外援 The country received foreign aid after the disaster. 灾难后，该国收到了外援。 102 come to one's aid 帮助某人 His friends came to his aid when he was in trouble. 他遇到困难时，朋友们来帮助他。 103 first aid kit 急救箱 Every family should have a first aid kit at home. 每个家庭家里都应该有一个急救箱。 104 carry a first aid kit 携带急救箱 Hikers should carry a first aid kit when going into the mountains. 徒步旅行者进山时应携带急救箱。 105 have sth. on hand 手头有某物 We always have enough food on hand for unexpected guests. 我们手头总有足够的食物招待不速之客。 106 keep supplies on hand 储备物资 It's wise to keep emergency supplies on hand. 储备应急物资是明智的。 107 car crash 车祸 He was injured in a car crash yesterday. 他昨天在车祸中受伤了。 108 crash into 撞上 The truck crashed into a tree by the road. 卡车撞上了路边的一棵树。 109 sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 The new policy swept away all the old rules. 新政策彻底废除了所有旧规定。 110 sweep the floor 扫地 She helps her mother sweep the floor every day. 她每天帮妈妈扫地。 111 be swept away by 被……冲垮 The small bridge was swept away by the flood. 小桥被洪水冲垮了。 112 wave at 向……挥手 She waved at me when she saw me. 她看到我时向我挥了挥手。 113 ocean waves 海浪 The ocean waves are crashing against the rocks. 海浪拍打着岩石。 114 strike sb. 打某人 He was struck by a falling stone. 他被一块掉落的石头砸中了。 115 be struck by 被……打动；被……袭击 I was struck by her kindness. 我被她的善良打动了。 116 deliver a speech 发表演讲 The president will deliver a speech on TV tonight. 总统今晚将在电视上发表演讲。 117 deliver goods 送货 The company delivers goods to customers for free. 这家公司为客户免费送货。 118 in summary 总之 In summary, we need to work harder to achieve our goal. 总之，我们需要更努力以实现目标。 119 make a summary 做总结 The teacher asked us to make a summary of the text. 老师让我们对课文做总结。 120 have an effect on 对……有影响 Pollution has a bad effect on our health. 污染对我们的健康有不良影响。 121 take effect 生效 The new law will take effect next month. 新法律将于下个月生效。 122 in length 在长度上 The bridge is 500 meters in length. 这座桥长500米。 123 a length of 一段…… He cut a length of rope to tie the box. 他剪下一段绳子来捆盒子。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$