Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Using language（Word教参）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦构词法核心知识点，系统梳理合成法（如bookshop）、派生法（如unable）、转化法（如hand作动词“递”）等类型，通过语境体悟文本引入实例，结合语法入门解析构词规则，再以学案分类详解及对点练构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 资料特色在于语境化设计提升语言理解能力，分类讲解结合高考真题实例培养逻辑思维品质，融入听力语料库及录音训练强化听说技能。课中助力教师互动教学，课后通过应用融通练习与跟踪检测，帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Using language 语法项目——构词法 语境中体悟 What is language for? It is for the exchange of ideas and information①. It's meaningless② knowing all about a language if you can't use it freely③. Many students I have met know hundreds of grammar rules, but they can't speak correctly④ or fluently⑤. They think English is a headache⑥. They are frightened⑦ of making mistakes. They are unable⑧ to communicate with a foreigner⑨. Native speakers⑩make mistakes and break rules, too. Though Chinese students who are learning English should pay attention to grammar, they shouldn't overdo⑪ it. They should put communication⑫ first. When communicating with others, calm⑬ down and have a try⑭. [语法入门] ①派生：inform(告知)＋­ation(名词后缀)→n.信息 ②派生：mean(意思是)＋­ing(名词后缀)＋­less(形容词后缀，表示“无”)→adj.无意义的 ③派生：free(自由的)＋­ly(副词后缀)→adv.自由地，自如地 ④派生：correct(正确的) ＋­ly(副词后缀)→adv.正确地 ⑤派生：fluent(流利的)＋­ly(副词后缀)→adv.流利地 ⑥合成：head(头)＋ache(疼痛)→n.头疼 ⑦派生：fright(害怕)＋­en(动词后缀)＋­ed(表示感情的形容词后缀)→adj.害怕的 ⑧派生：un­(否定前缀)＋able(能)→adj.不能的 ⑨派生：foreign(外国的)＋­er(名词后缀)→n.外国人 ⑩派生：speak(说话)＋­er(名词后缀)→n.说话者 ⑪合成：over(超过)＋do(做)→v. 做过头 ⑫派生：communicate(交流)＋­ion(名词后缀)→n.交流 ⑬转化：calm(adj.镇静的)→calm(v.镇静) ⑭转化：try(v.尝试) →try(n.尝试) 学案中理清 英语中单词的构成方法常见的有：合成法、派生法、转化法、截短法和缩略法。 一、合成法 合成法是把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词连在一起合成一个新词，有的用连字符“­”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。用合成法构成的词叫做合成词。 1．合成名词 构成方式 举例 构成方式 举例 名词＋名词 Bookshop 书店 动词＋名词 Playground 操场 名词＋动词 Daybreak 破晓 副词＋名词 Downtown 市中心 名词＋ 动词­ing handwriting书写 形容词＋ 名词 greenhouse温室 2．合成形容词 构成方式 举例 构成方式 举例 名词＋动词­ing peace­loving 爱好和平的 形容词＋名词 part­time 兼职的 名词＋动词­ed man­made 人造的 形容词＋动词­ing good­looking好看的 副词＋ 动词­ing Outstanding 杰出的 形容词＋名词­ed warm­hearted 热心的 3．合成副词 构成方式 举例 构成方式 举例 形容词＋ 名词 Sometimes 有时 副词＋ 名词 Indoors 在室内 介词＋名词 alongside在一边 副词＋ 介词 Nearby 在附近 4.合成代词 构成方式 举例 代词宾格＋self herself她自己　himself他自己 物主代词＋self myself我自己　yourself你自己 代词＋名词 anything　　　任何东西 somebody 某个人 5．合成动词 构成方式 举例 名词＋动词 sunbathe晒太阳　typewrite打字 形容词＋动词 whitewash粉饰　safeguard保卫 副词＋动词 overthrow推翻 　 upset使生气 [名师点津] (1)合成名词的复数形式通常是把主体名词变复数。若没有主体名词，则在最后一个词后面加复数形式。例如：father­in­law→fathers­in­law, grown­up→grown­ups。 (2)由man或woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。 例如：woman doctor→women doctors。 (3)由“名词＋名词”构成的合成名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。 例如：girlfriend→girlfriends。 [对点练] (1)写出下列合成词的汉语意思 ①salesman　　　　　　　　 售货员 ②snow­white 雪白的 ③hard­working 勤奋的 ④blacklist 黑名单 ⑤roommate 室友 ⑥overeat 使吃过量；_吃得过饱 (2)将下列合成名词变为复数形式 ①daughter­in­law→daughters­in­law ②go­between→go­betweens ③man teacher→men_teachers ④Englishman→Englishmen 二、派生法 派生法是指在一个单词的前面加上前缀或后面加上后缀而构成一个新词。 1．前缀 前缀一般只改变单词的意思，不改变词性。 分类 举例 常见 否定 前缀 il­→illegal　　　　　非法的 un­→unhappy 不高兴的 im­→impatient 不耐烦的 dis­→disappear 消失 in­→incorrect 不正确的 ir­→irregular 不规则的 表示其 他意义 的常见 前缀 anti­(反对；抵抗)→antibody　　抗体 sub­(下面的)→subway 地铁 inter­(互相)→Internet 互联网 re­(再；又)→rewrite 重写 en­(使……)→enrich 使富足 pre­(前；预先)→preview 预习 post­(后的)→post­war 战后的 mid­(中；半)→midnight 午夜 vice­(副的)→vice­manager 副经理 micro­(微)→microscope 显微镜 for­/fore­(先；预)→forecast 预报 co­(共；同)→cooperation 合作 mini­(小型)→miniskirt 迷你裙 2.后缀 后缀常会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 分类 列举 举例 常见 名词 后缀 ­er/­or(从事……的人) ­ese(某地人) ­ess(雌性) ­ian(……的人) ­ist(专业人员) ­ism(主义) ­ment(性质；状态) ­ness(性质) ­tion/­ation(动作；过程) ­dom(状态；区域) teacher　教师 Chinese 中国人 waitress 女服务员 musician 音乐家 artist 艺术家 optimism 乐观主义 movement 　运动 darkness 　黑暗 invention 　发明 freedom 　自由 常见 动词 后缀 ­en(变成) ­fy(使……化) ­ize(使……成为) widen　　加宽 beautify 美化 realize 实现 常见 形容 词 后缀 ­al, ­able, ­an, ­ble ­ern, ­ful, ­ive ­less, ­like, ­ly, ­y ­ous, ­some national　民族的 reasonable 合理的 careful 细心的 active 有活力的 useless 无用的 friendly 友好的 dangerous 危险的 常见 副词 后缀 ­ly(以……方式) ­ward(s)(表示方向) quickly　迅速地 angrily 生气地 northward(s) 朝北 upward(s) 向上 常见 数词 后缀 ­teen, ­th, ­ty thirteen　十三 fourth 第四 fifty 五十 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2024·浙江1月高考)Suddenly (sudden) I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily (lucky) there was a telephone box across the street. ②(2024·浙江1月高考)Follow­up studies with the children later in life showed a connection (connect) between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various (vary) forms of success. ③(2023·全国甲卷)So, it's been useful (use) to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out. ④(2023·全国甲卷)I encourage (courage) you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. ⑤Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental protection (protect)． ⑥Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful (meaning). ⑦(2025·1月八省联考写作) I've found a professional coach for you, who is good at teaching beginners (begin)． 三、转化法 转化法是指把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法。 转化 举例 名词 ↑↓ 动词 hand　手/递　　　watch　手表/观看 smoke 烟/吸烟 fish 鱼/钓鱼 名词 ↑↓ 形容词 light　光线/轻的　wrong　错误/错的 right 右边/对的 动词 ↑↓ 形容词 clean　打扫/干净的 close 关上/近的 free 使自由/自由的 副词 ↑↓ 形容词 enough　足够地/足够的 last 最后/最后的 hard 努力地/辛苦的 读音不同， 词性不同 这些词作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前： contest 　竞赛　 export　出口 increase 增加 permit 允许 record 记录 refuse 拒绝 progress 进步 [对点练]　(同义句转换) ①We had lunch together after the meeting. →We lunched together after the meeting. ②Let's fill the water into this bottle. →Let's bottle the water. ③You are so fat that you have to go on a diet. →You are so fat that you have to diet. ④Snow often falls in my hometown in winter. →It often snows in my hometown in winter. 四、截短法 截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 方式 简写 全称 汉语 首部截短 phone telephone 电话 词尾截短 dorm dormitory 集体宿舍 首尾部截短 flu influenza 流行性感冒 五、缩略法 缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式：各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 缩写 全称 汉语 UN United Nations 联合国 VIP Very Important Person 大人物，贵宾 ID Identification Card 身份证明 IT Information Technology 信息技术 PRC People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 [对点练]　(写出下列缩写词) ①the Communist Party of China→CPC中国共产党 ②the United States→the US美国 ③the Voice of America→VOA美国之音 ④World Wide Web→WWW万维网 应用中融通 Ⅰ.写出黑体词的词性及词义 1．Her words warmed his heart.v.温暖 2．Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.v.肩负，承担 3．Mum, I'm going to water the garden.v.给……浇水 4．I have booked two rooms for the whole family.v.预订 5．The government hopes to better the conditions of the peasants.v.改善 6．Which country is to host the next Olympic Games？v.主办 7．The cars are made for the home market.adj.国内的 8．This apartment can house six people and a lot of furniture.v.给(某人)提供住处 9．Every year, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another. v．船运 Ⅱ.利用构词法知识，结合所给提示补全短文 Zhang Liang, my ①classmate(同班同学) is ②hard­working (勤奋的)．To improve his listening skill, every day he gets up at six and listens to VOA.What's more, he is also ③warm­hearted (热心的) and willing to help others. On his way to school yesterday, he came across a ④homeless (home) person and ⑤handed (递给) some food to him.He sets an example to us students. 一、由听力厚积语料库 1．a_kind_of_traditional_Chinese_food 一种中国传统食物 2．and_so_on 等等 3．come_from_Chinese 来自汉语 4．care_about 关心；在乎 5．take a look at this message 看看这条信息 6．laugh out loud 笑出声来 7．on the Internet 在互联网上 8．keep up with the times 跟上时代 二、教材录音材料的发掘训练 1．Where does “dim sum” come from? A．Mandarin(普通话). B．English. C．Guangdong dialect(方言)． 2．What does “cellfish” mean in the dialogue? A．Talking very loud. B．Only caring about oneself. C．Using one's own cellphone. 3．Who sent the message “LOL”？ A．Lucy.　 B．Bob.　 　C．Not mentioned. 答案：1～3　CBA 三、依据教材听力完成句子 1．I'm going to buy_something_to_eat from the restaurant downstairs. 2．When you say “selfish”， you mean only_caring_about_yourself and not about other people, right? 3．It means using a cellphone in a way that_shows_you_don't_care_about_the_other_people_around_you. 4．It's a_shorter_way_of_saying “laugh out loud”. 5．You use it to show you_think_something_is_very_funny. 四、听说交际训练 根据提示，完成下面关于讨论语言学习的对话。 W：Good afternoon, Mr. Franklin. Welcome to our radio program. M：Thanks for inviting me, Mary. W：We know that ①you_are_teaching_German (你在教德语) at a local school. M：Yes, after my graduation I started working in the school and I have been working there for more than three years. W：Are you German? M：No, I am English. I studied German for four years at university and now I'd like to② share_my_experience_in_learning_German (分享我学习德语的经验) with you. W：Do you think learning grammar is important? M：Yes, you should at least learn the basic grammar rules. That will help you understand and ③use_the_language_better (更好地使用这门语言). Also, it will make it easier to go on to a more advanced level. If you don't even understand the language's basic grammar, it will be extremely difficult to ④speak_the_language_fluently (流利地说这门语言)． W：What's a good way to remember vocabulary? M：I ⑤make_word_cards (制作单词卡片) with a word written on one side and its translation written on the other side. I usually look at the cards when I have a few minutes of free time. Besides, it's better to remember some phrases such as “⑥laugh_out_loud (笑出声来)” “ come across” “wind up” ⑦and_so_on (等等)． W: That sounds good. Thank you for your good suggestions. 1．When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. 当你打开词典时，你经常会遇到许多不熟悉的单词。 ★come across偶然发现；偶然遇见 |用|法|感|知| •(哲理性结尾)Life is short, and if you ever come across a beautiful, exciting, crazy moment in it, you have got to seize it while you can before that moment's gone. 人生短暂，如果你有机会碰到美丽、激动、疯狂的时刻，就在那一刻消失之前尽你所能紧紧把握住它。 •(“场景描写”佳句)The sun had only just come up over the horizon, but he already could feel its hot rays against his face. 太阳刚刚从地平线上升起，但他已经能感觉到它炽热的光线照射在他的脸上。 •(“动作描写”佳句)He walked up to me and said in a low voice, “Come on.You can do that.” 他走近我，低声说：“加油。你能行的。” [归纳点拨] come on　　　　 快点；加油；出场 come out 出现；开花；出版；显示 come up (问题、计划等)被提出；升起；发生 come up with 提出；想出 |应|用|融|会| (1)完成句子 ①The storybook, intended for English beginner, will_come_out_next_year. 这本专为英语初学者编写的故事书将于明年出版。 ②(2024·浙江1月高考)The tip that comes_up_most_often_is_simple:_build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in­person courses. 最经常提出的建议很简单： 将在线课程纳入你的每周日程表，就像你在面授课程中所做的那样。 ③Inspired by what the teacher said, Anne came_up_with_a_new_idea for her new project. 在老师话语的启发下，安妮为她的新项目想出了一个新主意。 (2)替换加黑词汇 ④When you run into a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first. come_across 2．likely adj.可能的，可能发生的 |用|法|感|知| •(“心理描写”佳句)When the helicopter arrived, my heart leaping with joy, I knew we were likely to be saved.当直升机抵达时，我的心高兴得怦怦直跳，我知道我们有希望得救了。 •(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)It is likely that students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone they don't get along with. 如果学生和他们相处不好的人搭档，他们可能会感到不舒服或缺乏动力。 •(主旨升华句)We may face some difficulties, but we are likely achievers if we put our heart into it. 我们可能会面临一些困难，但只要我们用心投入，就都有可能成为成功者。 [归纳点拨] be likely to　　　　　 有可能……；有希望…… It is likely that ... 有可能…… most/very likely 很可能 　　　　　|应|用|融|会|(句型转换) ①It is most likely that my parents will not allow me to go. →My parents are_most_likely_not_to_allow me to go. ②Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. →Brian is gifted in writing music; it is very_possible_for_him to be a Beethoven. →Brian is gifted in writing music; it is very likely/possible/probable that he will be a Beethoven. [易混辨析]　likely, possible, probable likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语 It is likely that ...或Sb./Sth.is likely to ... possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that ... probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语 It's probable that ... [课时跟踪检测] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Elements of Latin have made their way into many Western countries. Data varies, but as much as 70% of words in English have a Latin or Greek root (词根). By learning more about these roots and how they combine to create words, you will have an advantage in understanding new words, even if you've never seen them before. The great thing is that it's not hard to learn these roots and recognise the patterns. You're not learning the whole language with its grammar and difficult points. You just need to memorise some parts of the vocabulary that you often see in English. So how do word roots work? Every word has a root. This part contains the key to a word's meaning. Take the word “happy” for example. This word only contains the root, which means “full of joy”. There's nothing more to the meaning of the word in this form. Some words, however, have extra parts. We call these affixes, including prefixes, the part attached before the root, and suffixes, the part attached behind the root. Based on the additional meaning of the prefixes and suffixes, the meaning of the final word will be shaped to mean something new. Take the word “autobiography” for example. The root is “bio”， meaning life. You may have noticed that many words with “bio” have something to do with life or living beings — biology, biography, and so on. When the suffix “graph”， meaning to write, is added to it, it means a story about someone's or something's life. “Auto” means by oneself. Altogether, an “autobiography” is a story about a person's life, written by the person himself or herself. In a word, a better grasp of word roots can make you understand the English language better, and will help you with your vocabulary recognition and memory skills. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英语词根在英语单词学习中的重要作用。 1．What's needed to understand new words with roots? A．A good understanding of Latin or Greek. B．A full understanding of grammar. C．The ability to recognise different parts of words. D．The ability to speak various Western languages. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，用词根理解生词需要拥有识别单词不同部分的能力。 2．What do we know about the root? A．It can't form a word by itself. B．It is a necessary part of a word. C．It is of greater importance than affixes. D．It has no impact on a word's meaning. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段的“Every word has a root.”可知，词根是构成一个单词必不可少的一部分。 3．What is the meaning of “biochemistry”？ A．The science that is related to living things. B．A person who does research about chemistry. C．A person who does research about living things. D．The study of chemical reactions related to living things. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“You may have noticed that many words with ‘bio’ have something to do with life or living beings”以及“chemistry”可知，“biochemistry”应当同时含有生物和化学的意思。 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage? A．Secret of Understanding New Words B．Latin's Way into Western Languages C．Amazing Power of Affixes D．Hints on Language Exams 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第二段并结合下文内容可知，全文主要讲述如何通过词根来更有效地学习新词汇。A项“理解新单词的秘诀”可以作为文章的标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I am often asked how I learned to speak Chinese fluently. __5__， as a native English speaker, learning to speak in tones was the __6__ part about learning Chinese for me. To __7__ the tones, I lived in Shanghai for 6 months. Once, I wanted to buy a __8__ for my mother. Unluckily, the words for “horse” and “mother” are only differentiated by a __9__ tone. When I told the store clerk I wanted to buy a gift for my “horse”， she looked at me like I had lost my __10__ . In the end, she __11__ what I was trying to say, but it was a bit of a struggle. After that, I learned the __12__ between the two tones. After returning to England, I bought a web camera and found myself a language__13__by going to a website, where I met a native speaker willing to help me learn Chinese. Together, we __14__ speaking Chinese for a few hours per week. __15__， I not only mastered my tones but learned to speak more __16__， just like a native speaker. In my__17__， when studying Chinese in an English­speaking environment, my classmates and I often made a __18__ of the tones when speaking to one another. In fact, in a Chinese­speaking environment, the __19__ interaction is of great importance for fluency, and it separates the amateurs (业余爱好者) from the experts. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，作者认为学习中文最难的部分是区分声调，为此还发生了一个小误会。 5．A.Hopefully B．Actually C．Surprisingly D．Similarly 解析：选B　根据上文“I am often asked how I learned to speak Chinese fluently.”以及下文内容可知，作者虽然如今中文说得很流利了，但是实际上也遇到过困难。 6．A.main B．best C．basic D．hardest 解析：选D　根据后文“part about learning Chinese for me”以及作者去商店买礼物时，因其没有掌握“妈”字的声调导致了店员的误解可知，作者学习中文最难的部分是学会声调。 7．A.learn B．match C．lower D．record 解析：选A　根据后文“the tones, I lived in Shanghai for 6 months”可知，作者去上海是为了学习声调。 8．A.horse B．camera C．gift D．dictionary 解析：选C　根据后文“I wanted to buy a gift for my ‘horse’”可知，作者想给母亲买礼物。 9．A.soft B．formal C．single D．pleasant 解析：选C　根据上文“‘horse’ and ‘mother’”以及常识，这两个词只有一个声调的区别。 10．A.mind B．balance C．interest D．confidence 解析：选A　根据上文“I wanted to buy a gift for my ‘horse’”可知，店员听到作者要给“马”买礼物，以为作者疯了。lose one's mind表示“失去理智”。 11．A.agreed with B．worked out C．focused on D．brought up 解析：选B　根据后文“what I was trying to say, but it was a bit of a struggle”可知，店员最后理解了作者的话。 12．A.clue B．difference C．issue D．importance 解析：选B　根据上文“‘horse’ and ‘mother’ are only differentiated by a”可知，经过这件事，作者学会了这两种声调的区别。 13．A.test B．learner C．magazine D．partner 解析：选D　根据后文“where I met a native speaker willing to help me learn Chinese”可知，作者在网上找到了一个语言伙伴。 14．A.suggested B．considered C．practiced D．avoided 解析：选C　根据上文“where I met a native speaker willing to help me learn Chinese”可知，找语言伙伴的目的就是练习中文，因此，这里指他们每周一起练习说几个小时的中文。 15．A.As a rule B．At times C．As a result D．At first 解析：选C　后文提到作者掌握了中文的声调，此处是指结果。 16．A.fluently B．openly C．meaningfully D．slowly 解析：选A　根据后文“just like a native speaker”可知，作者的中文说得流利了。 17．A.heart B．dream C．power D．experience 解析：选D　后文介绍的是作者学习中文的心得，因此这里指作者学习中文以后得出的经验。 18．A.list B．mess C．habit D．collection 解析：选B　根据上文“in an English­speaking environment”可知，在一个说英语的环境中学习中文，因为大家的母语都是英语，所以作者和同学在彼此说话时经常弄混声调。 19．A.back­to­back B．eye­to­eye C．knee­to­knee D．face­to­face 解析：选D　根据上文“in a Chinese­speaking environment”可知，在说中文的环境中，身边都是说中文的人，因此是面对面的交流。 Ⅲ.语法填空(15分) I started learning English at middle school in China. At that time people 20.________ (care) more about giving tests on written English, especially at high school. I didn't have much experience in speaking English until I went to college, 21.________ I had my first foreign teacher from America. She told us the more we practice, the 22.________ (well) we spoke. At the beginning, I could only say a few 23.________ (phrase) and simple sentences because of my lack of words. However, one year later, I could communicate 24.________ more people freely and share my opinion in English. After 25.____________ (graduate), I moved to Canada and worked in an office. It was 26.________ large office. People were from different countries. We had to communicate in English at work. Although my 27.________ (speak) English was better, I still couldn't really understand what they were expressing. Therefore, I volunteered 28.________ (help) tourists from other countries. I talked more and more. All information around me was in English. Finally, a tourist from Japan asked me if I grew up in Britain. How 29.______________ (encourage) his words were! 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己在中学、大学阶段学英语的过程及工作后使用英语的感悟。 20．cared　考查动词时态。该空所给动词care在句中作谓语，作者在回忆自己的中学时代，应使用一般过去时。故填cared。 21．where　考查定语从句。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的名词college，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应填关系副词where。故填where。 22．better　考查副词比较级。固定句型“the ＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．.. ”表示“越……就越……”，符合语境，该空副词well的比较级拼写为better。故填better。 23．phrases　考查名词单复数。该空所给名词phrase表示“短语”，为可数名词，根据空前的限定词a few可知，该空应填名词复数形式。故填phrases。 24．with　考查介词。communicate with somebody意为“与某人交流”，符合语境。故填with。 25．graduation/graduating　考查名词或动名词。该空前after为介词，该空所给动词graduate应使用名词或动名词形式作宾语。故填graduation/graduating。 26．a　考查冠词。该空后名词office为可数名词，这里是单数，泛指“一个大公司”large的发音以辅音音素开头，应填不定冠词a。故填a。 27．spoken　考查非谓语动词。该空所给动词speak在句中作定语修饰名词English，English与speak为被动关系，应使用其过去分词形式。故填spoken。 28．to help　考查非谓语动词。volunteer to do something意为“自愿去做某事”。故填to help。 29．encouraging　考查形容词。该空需要一个形容词作表语，修饰主语words，表示话语“激励人心的”应使用形容词encouraging。故填encouraging。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$