Unit 4 Section Ⅲ “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节（Word教参）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　“Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节 一、阅读单词——知其义 1. 2．95 percent of homes 百分之九十五的家庭 3．bricks covered the ground 铺在地面上的砖块 4．a piece of metal 一块金属 5．a waste of electricity 电的浪费 二、重点单词——写其形 1. 2. 3．bury the dead 埋葬死者 4．the tireless efforts 不懈的努力 5．cultural context 文化背景 6．unify the country 统一国家 三、活用单词——悉其变 1. 5. 四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词) 1．electricity：“－ity”结尾的名词　 ①popularity　流行；普及　②equality　平等；相等 ③majority 大多数　④reality　真实；现实 2．unify：“－ify”结尾的动词　 ①simplify　简化　②beautify　美化 ③purify 净化 ④classify 分类 五、高级词块——通其用 1．as_if　　　　　　　　　　 似乎；好像；仿佛 2．come_to_an_end 结束；终结 3．cut_across 横穿 4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 5．blow_away 吹走；刮走 6．tens_of_thousands_of 成千上万的 7．in_shock 震惊；吃惊 8．dig_out 挖掘；发现 9．build_shelters_for 为……搭建避难所 10．get_back_up_on_one's_feet 站起来 11．be/become_a_home_to 成为……的家园 12．in_times_of 在……的时候 13．suffer_from 遭遇；遭受 14．go_through 经历；经受；仔细检查 1．People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。 ★shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊 |用|法|感|知| •He's still in a state of shock. 他仍惊魂未定。 •(“建议”类写作佳句) If you put your devotion to what you are doing, you will be shocked to see the excellent result. 如果你全身心地投入到你正在做的事情中，你将会对出色的结果感到震惊。 •She was taken to hospital suffering from shock. 她因休克被送到医院。 [归纳点拨] (1)in shock　　　　　　　　　 震惊；吃惊 be a shock to sb. 让某人吃惊 suffer from shock 休克 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的 be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth./that ... 对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 It is shocking that ... 令人震惊的是…… |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①It is shocking (shock) that students can't spell these words. ②Everyone in the street was shocked (shock) when they heard the news. ③We were all shocked at/by the news of his death. ④There was water everywhere, and the woman was clearly in shock. (2)完成句子 ⑤Jane was_shocked_to_find_(that) she was lost in the forest and she couldn't help crying.简震惊地发现她在树林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起来。 2．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。 ★bury vt.埋葬；安葬 |用|法|感|知| •(“情绪描写”典句)He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。 •(“丰富细节”写作佳句)Though buried in books these days, I have still joined two several student clubs in order to improve myself. 虽然这些天我埋头读书，但我还是加入了两个学生社团以提高自己。 归 纳 点 拨 (1)bury ... in ...　把……埋到……里 bury one's face/head in ... 把脸/头埋在…… 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 联 想 发 散 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语：focus on, be devoted to, be lost in, fix/concentrate one's attention on, be absorbed/engaged in等。 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn't aware that all the others had left. ②The unfortunate skier (滑雪者) was_buried (bury) under the snow. (2)一句多译 因为她专心于学习，所以她不知道外面正在下雪。 ③Because she_buried_herself_in_her_study,_she didn't know it was snowing outside. ④Burying_herself_in_her_study,_she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语) ⑤Buried_in_her_study,_she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语) 3．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。 ★effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 |用|法|感|知| •(总结升华句)There will always be rewards by giving; there will be gains by making efforts. 付出总有回报；努力就会有收获。 •I'll spare no effort to perform well in the volunteer job.我将不遗余力地做好志愿者工作。 •It is impossible to succeed without effort. 不努力就成功是不可能的。 [归纳点拨] make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 make every effort 尽一切努力 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 without effort 毫不费力地；轻松地 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①Jack has made an effort to improve his Chinese. ②The host family spared no effort to_help (help) me with my English. (2)完成句子 ③The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth_the_effort. 好消息是，它学起来简单，而且这个努力是值得的。 ④The clever boy soon worked out the difficult problem without_effort. 这个聪明的男孩很快就轻松地解决了这个难题。 4．Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries ... 有些人被发现时还活着，尽管他们受了重伤…… ★suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 |用|法|感|知| •Although we suffer from many serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties. 虽然我们遭受了许多严重的自然灾害，但我们一定能克服一切困难。 •Mencius said, “All men have a mind which cannot bear to see the sufferings of others.” 孟子曰：“人皆有不忍人之心。” [归纳点拨] (1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from 受……折磨；患……病 (2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 受难者；患病者 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. ②The old man went through a lot of sufferings (suffer) in the old days. ③Many countries suffered_great_losses in the financial crisis.许多国家在金融危机中损失惨重。 (2)替换加黑词汇 ④While there may be fierce competition for teaching positions in cities, schools in some mountainous areas have faced with a shortage of teachers. suffered_from 5．What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes? 还有哪些别的城市或小镇经历了相似的变化？ ★go through 经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；通过；用完；耗尽 |用|法|感|知| (写出下列各句中go through的含义) ①He was going through a very difficult time, but he was positive about all the challenges. 经历 ②Our plan on how to spend our summer holiday didn't go through. 通过 ③I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 完成 ④He went through his pockets looking for the keys. 仔细检查 [归纳点拨] go against　　　　　 违背；违反 go by 流逝；过去 go out 出去；熄灭 go over 复习；仔细检查 go up 上涨；上升 |应|用|融|会| (用上述短语的适当形式填空) ⑤Before examinations, students are always busy going_over their lessons. ⑥If human beings go_against nature, they will sooner or later be punished. ⑦With the help of my friends, I went_through that hard time. 1．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ (1)as if意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，引导表语从句常放在be, seem, sound, smell, feel, look等系动词之后作表语。 (2)as if还可引导状语从句。当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其结构如下： 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done) 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 (改为as if引导的表语从句) ①It is raining. →It seems as_if_it_is_raining. ②He has passed the test. →It seems as_if_he_has_passed_the_test. (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③那个女孩静静地听着，一动也不动，好像变成了一块石头似的。 The girl listened quietly and didn't move as if she had_turned_into_a_stone. ④他张开嘴好像要说什么。 He opened his mouth as if he would_say_something. 2．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。 感知将学语法——定语从句 who lived there为who引导的定语从句，修饰the people, who在从句中作主语。 ①The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 ②Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。 ③There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. (that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语) 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。 ④Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语) 工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 ⑤David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children. (which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语) 大卫患有一种脑部疾病，这使他不能像其他孩子一样走路或跑步。 3．Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 没有水和食物，电也停了。 句中“were hard to get”为“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。 “主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件： (1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系； (2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, good, comfortable, interesting, exciting等。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①This kind of problem is hard to solve. →It_is_hard_to_solve this kind of problem. ②It is easy to get along with me, so I strongly believe that I am the most suitable person. →I_am_easy_to_get_along_with，so I strongly believe that I am the most suitable person.(用“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式改写) (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③有你及时和实用的建议，这次主题班会很容易适合外国人的口味。 With your timely and practical advice, the theme class meeting is_easy_to_suit_the_foreigners'_taste. ④6 000米以上就会呼吸困难。 It_is_hard_to_breathe the air over 6,000 metres. 根据课文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Several days before 28 July 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. __1__.But people who lived there didn't think much of that.The earth began to shake at 3：42 a．m.that day, destroying almost all the city in less than sixty terrible seconds. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! __2__.About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. __3__. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, rescuers from all over the country came to help. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.__4__. __5__， a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. A．There were even no signs for it B．They were signs for an earthquake C．Nearly everything in the city was destroyed D．But most of the houses were still safe to live in E. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross F．The city began to revive itself and get up on its feet again G．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people 答案：1～5　BCEFG [课时跟踪检测] 第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练 (一)单词拼写(5分) (1)She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort (努力)． (2)I have dreamed of this place and wondered what it would be like to breathe (呼吸) this air. (3)Without a context (语境), it is very difficult to understand a word. (4)A number of thin cracks (裂缝) appeared in the wall. (5)His strong voice on the issue has helped unify (统一) the suggestions. (二)单句语法填空(共10空，20分) (6)He took a deep breath (breathe), and began to climb the stairs. (7)The place which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins (ruin)． (8)With knowledge and wisdom (wise), you can achieve great success. (9)His friend has suffered from illness for years. (10)He was_trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless. (11)It was a shocking story, and we all got shocked. (shock) (12)The miners were_buried (bury) alive when the tunnel collapsed. (13)A number of teachers are (be) present today, the number of whom is (be) 300. (三)选词填空(12分) in shock, be buried in, as if, dig out, come to an end, get back up on one's feet (14)After the final exams, all the lessons in school also came_to_an_end. (15)It was reported that an American couple had dug_out a lot of gold coins from their own yard. (16)She was_buried_in thought, so she didn't notice the water was boiling. (17)It seems as_if he knew everything that happened last night. (18)Everyone is in_shock about what the new world is going to be. (19)When that happens to him, we help him get_back_up_on_his_feet. (四)完成句子(10分) (20)Up to now, how much of the novel have_you_gone_through? 到目前为止，这本小说你看了多少？ (21)He is such a person who would spare_no_effort_to_do a good job on his post. 他就是这样一个将会不遗余力做好本职工作的人。 (22)It_seems_as_if there is no achievement without making any efforts in all fields. 在所有领域似乎不努力就没有成就。 (23)During the difficult time, when there were too many sufferings, even food_was_hard_to_find. 在困难时期，那时有太多的苦难，甚至连食物都很难找到。 (24)This year, ninety percent of the people who_worked_hard have been awarded some prizes in our company. 今年，我们公司努力工作的人有90%得到了奖励。 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (一)阅读理解 A Home fires can happen quickly, destroying lives and property, but unlike other disasters, most home fires can be prevented.Read on to learn four unexpected home fire dangers. Having old smoke alarms An effective smoke alarm can make much difference when it comes to surviving a house fire.It's not enough to change the batteries twice a year. You also need to replace your alarms every decade.“You should test your smoke alarms every month，” says Lorraine Carli, vice president of the National Fire Protection Association.“But also don't forget to check the dates and replace an alarm that is more than 10 years old.” Leaving the kitchen while you cook One in five Americans admitted leaving food cooking unattended on the stove, found an American Red Cross survey.Walking away from food cooking in the kitchen is a serious fire risk.“The leading cause of home fires is cooking, and the leading cause of those fires is unattended cooking，” says Carli.“If you need to use the stove or oven, be sure to keep an eye on it.” Turning the heat too high when you cook Turning up the heat too high can be deadly, even if you're in the kitchen while you cook.Kevin Kelley, senior director of the American Red Cross, recommends paying close attention and turning off the burner if you see smoke or grease (油脂) starting to boil while frying food. Having a dirty stove while you cook If your stove is covered with grease, a small kitchen fire can get out of hand quickly.Clean and clear the area around the stove before turning on the heat, or the result will be dangerous. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种意想不到的家庭火灾及其预防措施。 1．How long should you have a new smoke alarm? A．2 years.　　　　　 B．10 years. C．12 years. D．8 years. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Having old smoke alarms中的“It's not enough to change the batteries twice a year.You also need to replace your alarms every decade.”可知，烟雾报警器应该使用十年就需要更换新的。故选B项。 2．What is the leading cause of fires from kitchen? A．Having a dirty stove. B．Turning the heat too high. C．Having an old alarm. D．Walking away from food cooking. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Leaving the kitchen while you cook中的“The leading cause of home fires is cooking, and the leading cause of those fires is unattended cooking”可知，厨房起火的主要原因是人们没有待在正在被烹饪的食物旁边。故选D项。 3．Which of the following is correct? A．Unexpected home fire dangers can't be prevented. B．It is advisable to replace your alarms every month. C．Having a dirty stove is dangerous while you cook. D．Kevin Kelley suggests paying no attention to cooking. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Having a dirty stove while you cook的内容可知，当你做饭时，有一个脏炉子是危险的。故选C项。 B Though larger cities were mostly spared, Sunday's tornadoes damaged some small towns in the middle of the US. One of the hardest hits was Van, Texas, a town of about 2,600 people located 70 miles southeast of Dallas. Winds there reached up to 140 miles per hour and damaged about 30 percent of the area. Weather experts say it was the strongest tornado to hit the town in more than 70 years. Emergency workers in Van moved quickly to help those affected, but two people were killed and more than two dozen were injured by the tornado's winds. A driver in the nearby town of Corsicana was killed by floodwaters that had risen after the storm. In Lake City, Iowa, a tornado tore the roof off South Central Calhoun High School. One hundred and fifty people had gathered in the safety of the school's basement, and all escaped without major harm. Nine people were injured in the 130－mph winds of a tornado that touched down in Delmont, South Dakota, but tornadoes weren't the only severe weather that state saw on Sunday. Residents in the Black Hills region were faced with a late－spring snowfall of 10 to 18 inches. Scientists measure tornadoes using the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale. It categorizes tornadoes based on the amount of damage they cause and their estimated wind speed. EF1 tornadoes are the weakest, while EF5 tornadoes are the severest. The tornado in Van was categorized as an EF3. Although tornadoes can happen in any state, they are most common in the central US. This is why that part of the country is nicknamed (给……起绰号) Tornado Alley. Though this past weekend's storms were damaging, they were not abnormal for this time of year. More tornadoes hit the US. in May than in any other month, according to the National Weather Service (NWS)． “We've had at least one tornado reported somewhere in the nation every day since May 2，” weather expert Greg Carbin said. “It's a dangerous time of year.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一场龙卷风席卷了美国中部。 4．Which part of the US was hit by tornadoes on Sunday? A．The central part.　　　 B．The eastern part. C．The western part. D．The southern part. 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sunday's tornadoes damaged some small towns in the middle of the US.”可知，周日美国中部受到了龙卷风的袭击。 5．What happened to people in South Central Calhoun High School? A．They were killed by floodwaters. B．They survived the tornado luckily. C．They were badly hurt by the storm. D．They were not influenced by the tornado. 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第三段中的“One hundred and fifty people had gathered in the safety of the school's basement，and all escaped without major harm.”可推断学校的人因为提前躲到了地下室里而很幸运地从龙卷风中幸存下来。 6．Which tornadoes are the strongest? A．EF1 tornadoes. B．EF3 tornadoes. C．EF4 tornadoes. D．EF5 tornadoes. 解析：选D　细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“while EF5 tornadoes are the severest”可知答案。 7．The nickname Tornado Alley is connected with ______. A．a weather expert B．the area's climate C．the area's landform D．the creation of the EF Scale 解析：选B　推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“Although tornadoes can happen in any state, they are most common in the central US ...Tornado Alley.”可知，美国中部之所以有“龙卷风巷”的绰号是因为这一地区经常遭遇龙卷风。据此可推断，该绰号和该地的气候有关系。 (二)完形填空 “Fire! Fire！” I woke up with much noise in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, __8__ house — the sort that burns easily — and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of bed, __9__ the door and stepped out into the passage. It was full of smoke. I began to run, but as I was still only half awake, __10__ going towards the stairs, I went into the opposite direction. The smoke grew thicker and I found it hard to __11__. I ran into another room and tried to reach the __12__ for fresh air. Suddenly, one of my feet got caught in something __13__ and I fell down. The thing I had fallen over felt like a package of clothes, and I picked it up to protect my __14__ from the smoke and heat. Just then the floor __15__ under me and I fell through to the floor below with pieces of __16__ wood all round me. __17__， there was a doorway in front, so I put the package over my face and ran. As I reached the cold air outside, my package of clothes gave a __18__. I nearly dropped it in surprise. A woman among the crowd screamed as she saw me and came running __19__. “My baby! My baby！” she cried. Those people cheered loudly __20__ she took the smoke－blackened package out of my arms. I almost __21__ to see who she was — my boss's wife. I had __22__ her baby, and became a hero! 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者经历的一次火灾。 8．A.clean B．empty C．strong D．wooden 解析：选D　由该空后的“the sort that burns easily”可知，这是一座很大的木制的房屋。 9．A.opened B．closed C．locked D．answered 解析：选A　由该空后的“stepped out into the passage”可知，作者打开门，来到了走廊。 10．A.as for B．except for C．instead of D．because of 解析：选C　由于作者还是半睡半醒状态，没有朝楼梯跑去，而是朝相反的方向跑去。 11．A.sleep B．work C．hear D．breathe 解析：选D　由该空前的“The smoke grew thicker”可知，烟雾越来越浓，所以作者感到呼吸困难。 12．A.window B．table C．telephone D．bed 解析：选A　由该空后的“for fresh air”和常识可知，作者试图靠近窗户以便呼吸新鲜空气。 13．A.wet B．boring C．soft D．dangerous 解析：选C　由下文的“The thing ... felt like a package of clothes ...”可知，作者的一只脚被一个软软的东西绊了一下。 14．A.hands B．arms C．back D．face 解析：选D　作者把它捡起来遮住脸，以此来挡住烟和热气。 15．A.rose B．broke C．increased D．returned 解析：选B　由该空后的“I fell through to the floor below”可知，作者脚下的地板塌下去了。 16．A.burning B．growing C．green D．light 解析：选A　由于房屋是木质结构，所以，这里是说作者被几块燃烧着的木板包围。 17．A.Strangely B．Naturally C．Luckily D．Recently 解析：选C　由该空后的“there was a doorway in front”可知，作者感到非常幸运。 18．A.role B．cry C．task D．lesson 解析：选B　由下文的“I nearly dropped it in surprise”和“baby”等信息可知，从作者手里的那捆衣服里传出了哭声。 19．A.madly B．slowly C．carefully D．patiently 解析：选A　由下文的 “‘My baby！My baby！’ she cried.”可知，这位妇女看到自己的孩子被救出来，发疯似地跑了过来。 20．A.if B．once C．as D．unless 解析：选C　当她从作者手中接过那个被烟熏黑的包裹时，人们大声地欢呼了起来。 21．A.agreed B．forgot C．regretted D．failed 解析：选D　作者差点没有看出来她是谁。 22．A.hurt B．saved C．killed D．punished 解析：选B　由下文的“became a hero”可知，作者救了她的孩子。 (三)主题微写作(12分) 介绍自然灾害的文章中经常会使用一些数据，用以增强事件的真实感和事件的严重程度等，如教材课文中的Eleven kilometres directly below the city和more than 10,000 doctors and nurses等，突出了报告文学的纪实性特色。请运用此种写作方法描写飓风及其带来的影响，60词左右。 一场强大的飓风袭击了这座城市，风速约为每小时120英里。大雨持续了三天，导致许多地区被淹。数以千计的房屋遭到破坏，许多人不得不离开家园。飓风终于过去了，但留下了一片狼藉。 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： A powerful hurricane hit the city, with wind speeds around 120 miles per hour.The heavy rain lasted for three days, causing flooding in many areas.Thousands of houses were damaged, and many people had to leave their homes.The hurricane finally passed, but it left a big mess behind. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$