Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures（课件PPT）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦关系代词引导的定语从句，通过“语境中体悟”模块以龙卷风相关语篇呈现含that、who、whose、which的例句，结合“语法入门”解析引导词功能，搭建从语境感知到规则理解的学习支架。 其亮点在于采用“先感知-会发现-明规则”探究模式，引导学生从教材典句自主归纳关系代词用法，通过表格化规则梳理提升思维品质。融入真实语篇练习与综合检测，助力语言能力培养，既帮助学生高效掌握语法，也为教师提供系统教学方案。

Discovering Useful Structures 语法项目——定语从句(1)　关系代词引导的定语从句 Section Ⅳ 语境中体悟 学案中理清 应用中融通 课时跟踪检测 Contents 目录 01 02 03 04 2 01 语境中体悟 Tornadoes are strong winds that can cause great damage①. It is not easy to know where they will go, so it can be difficult to warn people who might be in danger②. In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and move, some brave researchers whose job is to explore the causes of tornadoes③ do what most of us would not.They chase storms in order to collect more detailed information first hand.Of course, the researchers have special equipment which can record detailed information④， but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger. [语法入门] ①that引导定语从句，修饰strong winds，指物且在从句中作主语。 ②who引导定语从句，修饰people，指人且在从句中作主语。 ③whose引导定语从句，修饰researchers，指人且在从句中作定语。 ④which引导定语从句，修饰special equipment，只能指物且在从句中作主语。 02 学案中理清 一、定语从句的基本概念 复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语或句子进行修饰和限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。 1．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 (1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。 (2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。 2．定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句及用法 [先感知] ①(教材典句)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. ②(教材典句)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. ③(教材典句)The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything that they could find. ④(教材典句)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. ⑤(教材典句)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ⑥(教材典句)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. ⑦(教材典句)The injured boy whose mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. ⑧Social media like blogs have come between us and the friends whom we love. [会发现] (1)①②③句的先行词指___，关系代词在①②句中作_____，在③句中作_____。 (2)④⑤⑧句的先行词指___，关系代词在④⑤句中作_____，在⑧句中作_____。 (3)⑥⑦句的先行词指___，关系代词在句中作_____。 物 主语 宾语 人 主语 宾语 人 定语 [明规则] 关系代词 指代 例句 that在从句中作主语或宾语 指物 A plane is a machine that can fly.(作主语) The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(作宾语) 指人 Let's ask the man that is reading the book over there.(作主语) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim's sister.(作宾语) which在从句中作主语或宾语 指物 They planted the trees which didn't need much water.(作主语) The fish (which) we bought was not fresh.(作宾语) 续表 who在从句中作主语或宾语 指人 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(作主语) The boy who I saw just now is called Wang Hua.(作宾语) whom在从句中作宾语 指人 The professor (whom) you mentioned hasn't come yet. The person to whom you have just talked is Mr Li. Mrs Brown is the professor to whom you should write. whose在从句中作定语 指人 Henry is the boy whose mother is our English teacher. 指物 The novel whose cover is broken belongs to me. [对点练] (1)用适当的关系词填空 ①(2024·浙江1月高考) It would have been easy to rely on my assumptions about this highway builder ________ had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. ②(2024·浙江1月高考) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. who/that that/which ③(2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast－paced development of modern life，with 21st－century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. ④His father works in a company ______ name always appears in the local newspapers. that/which whose (2)把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句 ⑤I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. →_____________________________________________ ⑥Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her. →______________________________________________________________ ⑦The student's article was published. I know the student. →___________________________________________ I have a friend who likes listening to classical music. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave (to) her. I know the student whose article was published. 三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况 [先感知] ①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? ②All that can be done has been done. ③There is little that I can do for you. ④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. ⑤This is the best film that I have ever seen. ⑥After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. ⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. ⑧Who is the man that is standing by the gate? ⑨Which is the T－shirt that fits me most? [会发现] (1)①②③句中先行词为_________，只能用that引导定语从句。 (2)④⑤句中先行词被_____________________修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 (3)⑥句中先行词被_______修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 (4)⑦句的先行词中既有___又有___，只能用that引导定语从句。 (5)⑧⑨句中先行词前有__________等疑问词，只能用that引导定语从句。 不定代词 序数词或形容词最高级 the only 人 物 who, which [明规则] 用法 例句 先行词为不定代词时，如all, much，every, no, few, any, little，anything, everything，something, nothing, none, no one等 I have said all (that) I want to say. Is there anything (that) I can do for you？ 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或本身就是最高级、序数词时 This is the best film that has been shown in the city. We'll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us. 续表 先行词被the only, the very, the last, just等修饰时 This is the very book (that) I want to buy. The only thing (that) I can do is have a rest. 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the man and the things that they saw. 当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? Who is the man that is talking with Mike？ [对点练]　(用适当的关系词填空) ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all _____ was left was pure water. ②The worst matter _____ I'd been afraid of happened in the end. ③The only thing _____ the students can do is study hard. ④We talked about the things and the people _____ we met during the trip. ⑤Which is the bag _____ belongs to me? that that that that that 03 应用中融通 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．At that moment, an attractive young lady _________ noticed my book came up to me. 2．The reason __________ he explained to us was that he hadn't read it before. 3．The boys ________ are playing football are all on our school team. 4．Kataria also offers books and DVDs to people _____ don't have access to a local Laughter Club. who/that that/which who/that who 5．He became interested in two theories _________ possibly explained how cholera killed people. 6．It helps older passengers and those ____ need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate. 7．I was amazed at the number of people ________ visited the Forbidden City on Saturday. 8．The person _______________ the girl turned to was my neighbor. that/which who who/that whom/who/that Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词完成短文 My father works in a hospital ①__________ is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school ②______________ I study in. She likes watching TV plays ③______ leading actors are very famous. I am a boy ④________ likes playing basketball. I have several good friends ⑤___________________ I often play basketball with. that/which that/which/不填 whose who/that who/whom/that/不填 One day, I went out to the city stadium to play basketball with several of my friends, ⑥______ homes are not far from mine. However, a terrible matter occurred when we were playing happily, ⑦______ made one of my legs hurt. Fortunately, the stadium where we were playing is not far from a clinic, so I was treated by a doctor ⑧________ is skilled. Later, I was sent home by my friends, ⑨______ help made me thank a lot. From this case, I know that the more attention I pay, the less pain I will get, ⑩______ is really a lively lesson. whose which who/that whose which Ⅲ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文 A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing Mary, ①_________________________(她的画被展出) at the exhibition last month, is a model student ②______________________(经常受到表扬) for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our attention was attracted by a very large picture ③_____________________________(被挂在墙上的) in front of us. The horse ④________________________________(被画在画中的) was exactly like a real horse. The man ⑤______________________(骑在它上面的) looked like a living man. whose drawings were shown who/that is often praised that/which was hung on the wall which/that was drawn in the picture who/that was riding on it It was the best picture ⑥__________________(我见过的), and I should say Mary is the best young painter ⑦_______________________ _____________ (我听说过的)． that I had ever seen that/who/whom I have ever heard of 04 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered. Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal function only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University of Duisburg－Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science. Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes. Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity, Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants' behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级) 2. There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period, and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only. According to Berberich, normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake, the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. “This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake.” Berberich told a news conference, according to Live Science. How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic fields (磁场). “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields，” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。 1．What's the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in paragraph 1? A．Form.　　　　　 B．Avoid. C．Recover. D．Improve. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和第四段中“This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake”可知，“resume”的含义与“恢复”有关。 √ 2．What's the function of the first paragraph? A．To lead to the main topic. B．To describe a new species of ant. C．To introduce a famous researcher. D．To tell how to predict an earthquake. 解析：推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，第一段表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章主题。 √ 3．What happens to the ants before an earthquake? A．They have no appetite. B．They are too excited to rest. C．They get lost on their way home. D．They refuse to go inside their nests. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“But before an earthquake, the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴。 √ 4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes. B．The result of the research is completely reliable. C．Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes. D．Researchers don't know how ants predict earthquakes. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“How do ants know an earthquake is coming？”可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因；再结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空 Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer.This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which ___ ran down to the river. My younger brother was getting ___ and thought we should evacuate.We spent hours trying to ___ him down.The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level.After a few more ___， the water levels were getting much higher than we'd seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher ___ just in case it got to the street level.Later, we ___ a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Finally, we decided to ___.The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from ___ our bottom floor.We left to spend the ___ with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by.We heard that the water had ___ further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn't see anything from our cousin's house. 11 13 14 12 The ___ moment was when we finally got to see our house.There is a high school behind our house, which ___ at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house.The water at its ___ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval.We ___ it to survey our house.Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable ___ I had ever seen. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在洪水期间的经历。 16 17 18 19 15 5．A．fast　　　　　　 B．slowly C．actually D．eventually 解析：根据前文内容以及后文“ran down to the river”可知，洪水最终流到了河里。 √ 6．A．excited B．nervous C．curious D．disappointed 解析：根据下文“We spent hours trying to _______ him down.”可知，作者的弟弟很紧张。 √ 7．A．turn B．lay C．calm D．break 解析：根据前文“My younger brother was getting _______ and thought we should evacuate.”可知，作者的弟弟很紧张，作者他们在努力让他平静下来。 √ 8．A．hours B．degree C．meters D．days 解析：根据前文“We spent hours trying to _______ him down.”可知，此处表示几个小时后。 √ 9．A．level B．ground C．speed D．house 解析：根据前文“the water levels were getting much higher than we'd seen before”可知，此处指把车开到更高的地方，以防水位涨到街道的高度。 √ 10．A．made B．sold C．covered D．moved 解析：根据后文“Finally, we decided to _______.”可知，此时他们要离开，所以把很多家具和电子设备搬到了楼上。 √ 11．A．swim B．separate C．leave D．stay 解析：根据后文“We left to spend the _______ with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by.”可知，水位越来越高，他们决定离开。 √ 12．A．reaching B．flooding C．entering D．destroying 解析：根据前文“The water was getting close to the street level”可知，洪水快到达他们房子的底层了。 √ 13．A．weekend B．money C．holiday D．night 解析：根据前文“Finally, we decided to _______.”和后文“but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn't see anything from our cousin's house”可知，他们要离开家，去表弟家过夜。 √ 14．A．fallen B．run C．risen D．washed 解析：根据前文“The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from _______ our bottom floor.”可知，此处表示洪水又涨了。 √ 15．A．funniest B．scariest C．strangest D．greatest 解析：根据后文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable _______ I had ever seen.”可知，看到他们的房子时，作者认为这是最可怕的时刻。 √ 16．A．lies B．operates C．keeps D．spreads 解析：根据后文“at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house”可知，这所高中就在他们房子后面，lie“位于”符合语境。 √ 17．A．height B．length C．depth D．width 解析：根据后文“about 2 inches from being level with the oval”可知，此处表示水的高度与椭圆体育场的水平面相距约2英寸。 √ 18．A．stood by B．waved at C．looked through D．walked across 解析：根据前文“The water at its ______ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval.”可知，他们穿过体育场去看房子。 √ 19．A．flood B．building C．view D．sport 解析：根据前文“Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house”可知，此处表示看到的景象，也是作者见过的最令人难以置信的景象。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)( ) Living beside an active volcano (火山) means that small earthquakes are not unusual. Everybody here 20. _____ (know) what they feel like，and they come 21. _____ no surprise to the local people. For me, they're a little different, though. What do you do when there's an earthquake？Most people would try to leave the building. I live on 22. _____ third floor of a flat with several more stores above me — nobody wants 23. _____ (trap) under that after an earthquake. I guess, if an earthquake came, I would probably just panic rather than think about what I need to do, such as hiding somewhere or 24. _____ (run) out of the building. I had never felt an earthquake until last week. There was a small earthquake 25. ______ could hardly even be called an earthquake. I was not really 26. ______ (frighten). To feel the earth move like that was just strange. Of course，it 27. ______ (last) only a few seconds. I have spoken to the local people since the event and 28. ______ (luck), there were no injuries or damage 29. ______ (do) by it. But if it had been a real earthquake，I think I would have felt quite differently. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。对于某些特定地区的人们来说，小级别的地震时常发生，作者记录下自己所经历的一次地震时的感受。 20．knows　考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时；本句主语是Everybody，不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填knows。 21．as　考查介词。come as no surprise意为“来得不稀奇，发生在意料之中”。 22．the　考查冠词。序数词前应用定冠词限定，故填the。 23．to be trapped　考查动词不定式。want后应接带to的不定式作宾语，因trap与nobody之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to be trapped。 24．running　考查非谓语动词。设空处与hiding somewhere并列作such as的宾语，故填running。 25．that/which　考查定语从句。该定语从句修饰先行词earthquake，空处在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 26．frightened　考查形容词。设空处作表语，表示“受惊吓的”，故填frightened。 27．lasted　考查时态。由语境可知，此处描述的是发生在上周的事情，应用一般过去时，故填lasted。 28．luckily　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰分句there were no injuries ... by it，故填luckily。 29．done　考查过去分词。设空处作后置定语修饰injuries or damage，因do与injuries or damage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填done。 本课结束 $$