Unit 3 Section 4 Focus on Language：The Passive（Word教参）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦被动语态核心知识点，系统梳理一般现在时、过去时、将来时等时态的被动构成，使用场合，主动表被动特殊用法及主动被动转换规则。通过中秋节语境实例引入，表格归纳规则，分层练习巩固，构建“语境感知-规则建构-应用巩固”学习支架。 资料亮点在于文化语境融合与语篇化语法教学，以中秋节素材渗透文化意识，通过“语境体悟-学案梳理-语篇应用”链条提升语言能力与思维品质。课中助教师分层授课，课后检测含单句及语篇练习，助力学生查漏补缺，强化语法应用能力。

Section 4　 Focus on Language：The Passive 课时目标 1.掌握被动语态的基本形式。 2.熟记不同时态的被动语态构成并学会在语境中正确使用。 3.掌握主动表示被动含义的特殊用法。 语境中体悟 The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.① On that night, it can be seen that the moon is brighter and fuller than any other night.② The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by eating mooncakes.③The mooncakes are delicious.It is liked by all the children.④ At night, a big party is usually held by the families.⑤ They like chatting with each other.Many things are talked about.⑥A lot of nice things will be provided, too.⑦ After dinner, they watch the moon, as in China a full moon is considered as a symbol of family reunion.⑧ The story of Chang'e will be told.⑨ She was made to fly to the moon and live in the Moon Palace.⑩ What a beautiful story! [语法入门] 句①③④⑤⑥⑧中黑体部分是一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式是is/are ＋ done； 句②中黑体部分是含有情态动词的被动语态，构成形式是can＋be done； 句⑦⑨中黑体部分是一般将来时的被动语态，构成形式是will＋be done； 句⑩中黑体部分是一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式是was＋done。 学案中理清 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 一、被动语态的基本形式 以动词do为例，其常见时态的被动语态见下表： 时态 被动语态构成形式 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 be going to/will/shall＋be done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being done 过去进行时 was/were＋being done 现在完成时 have/has＋been done 过去完成时 had＋been done 含情态动词 情态动词＋be done Football is played by people all around the world. 世界各地的人们都踢足球。 When the other pupils were taken to an exhibition, he was left behind. 当其余学生被带去参观展览时，他被留了下来。 A presentation will be given on the new products tomorrow morning. 明天上午将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。 The plan to explore the South Pole is being made these days. 最近正在制订勘探南极的计划。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.　当我走进会议室的时候，(人们)正在讨论这台机器的优缺点。 Over the years several similar theories have been put forward. 几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。 But to our surprise, the next morning, we were told that the money had been stolen. 但令我们吃惊的是，第二天早上，我们被告知钱被偷了。 Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 必须注意你的发音。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2025·1月八省联考)Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated (treat) equally. ②(2024·浙江1月高考)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes be offered (offer) in smaller packs. ③The GPNP is designed (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems”． ④It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put (put) into orbit. ⑤My car is being repaired (repair) so I have to go to work by bike. ⑥The building had been completed (complete) before I arrived. ⑦The problem was being discussed (discuss) at the meeting when the manager turned up. ⑧English Corner will be set (set) up in our school next week. ⑨It was built (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)． 二、被动语态的使用场合 使用场合 例句 注意事项 不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者 Do you know when the new railway will be put into use？ 不带by引导的短语 强调动作的承受者；或既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者 The novel was written by this high school student. 带by引导的短语 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 You are warmly invited to a party to be held at the Workers' Club at 7：00 p．m.on May 1st. 不必说明动作的执行者 修辞需要，为了避免更换主语，使句子简练 She stepped onto the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 只有一个主语 在文章标题、公告、科技报告、新闻中 Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity 用于书面语 　　[对点练]　(完成句子) ①Our school is situated in the center of the city.　我们学校坐落于市中心。 ②The old bridge was replaced by a new one last year. 那座旧桥去年被一座新桥取代了。 ③Many trees have been planted in the park where we often play. 我们经常玩耍的公园里已经种了很多树。 ④All the students were inspired by the inspiring speech. 所有的学生都被这鼓舞人心的演讲激励了。 三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1．连系动词如：look、 sound、 feel、 smell、 taste、 seem、 appear、 get、 grow、 keep等可用主动形式表示被动意义。 The dish tastes very good. 这道菜尝起来很不错。 2．表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如：drive、 lock、 sell、 read、 wash 等，常用主动形式表示被动含义。 These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服很容易洗。 |名师点津|　上面这些动词如果不强调主语的内在特征、性质或状态，而是强调被动的动作，则要用被动语态。试比较： The door won't lock.这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked.这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门) 3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词无被动语态，如：begin、 finish、 start、 open、 close、 stop、 end、 run、 move等。 The shop closes at 6：00 p．m.every day. 这家商店每天下午六点关门。 4．不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的有：appear (出现)、die (死亡)、 disappear (消失)、 end (结束)、 fail (失败)、 fall (跌倒)、 happen (发生)、 last (持续)、 lie (躺)、 remain (留下)、 sit (坐)、 stand(站)等。 Very little of the house remained after the big fire. 大火之后，这座房子所剩无几。 5．有些短语不能用于被动语态，如：agree with、 arrive at、 succeed in、 happen to、 take part in、 belong to、 break out、 come true、 take place、 run out、 come up、 come out等。 In my opinion, the dream will come true one day. 我认为，终有一天梦想会成为现实。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①The meeting will start (start) at 9：00 a．m. tomorrow. ②Whether we can have a holiday remains (remain) unknown. ③A big fire broke (break) out in the forest on April 5th. ④The poem reads nicely and it is being read by my students now.(read) ⑤This kind of shoes washes easily, so my son's shoes are washed twice a week.(wash) 四、主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 动作执行者 主动形式 动作的承受者 被动语态 动作的承受者 be＋过去分词 1.由主动语态变成被动语态时： (1)把主动句的宾语用作被动句的主语； (2)把主动句的谓语动词改成“be＋其过去分词”的形式，作被动句的谓语； (3)把主动句的主语放到介词by后面组成介词短语，在句中作状语，有时候可以省略。 They are planting trees.(主动句) Trees are being planted (by them)．(被动句) 2．在主动语态里，动词see、 make、 hear、 watch、 notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。 They made him go there alone.(主动语态) He was made to go there alone.(被动语态) 3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。 We gave him the letter. ＝He was given the letter by us. ＝The letter was given to him by us. 我们把那封信给他了。 4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类短语动词(如 look after、 put on、 pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留下来。 She often looks after the old.(主动语态) The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态) [对点练]　(将下列句子改为被动语态) ①We often sing this song. →This song is often sung (by us)． ②He broke his leg in the match. →His leg was broken in the match. ③She will sell her house soon. →Her house will be sold soon (by her)． ④He is repairing the machine. →The machine is being repaired (by him)． ⑤We must do something to help her. →Something must be done (by us) to help her. [随堂应用体验] 用所给动词的适当形式补全短文 It ①is known (know) that April 22nd is annual Earth Day.Many people express their love for the beautiful, blue planet in all kinds of activities. What we humans depend upon for survival is nature, which ②has been destroyed (destroy) day by day.Air, water and soil ③have been polluted (pollute) endlessly by those on behalf of so-called progress and development. If we keep this up, the results could not ④be imagined (imagine)．Let's make our efforts to protect the earth and I believe the Mother Earth must ⑤be filled (fill) with beauty and vigour in the near future! [课时检测] 第Ⅰ卷　语法强化训练 (一)单句语法填空(20分) (1)A dog was raised (raise) by my sister five years ago. (2)Sheep, cows and pigs have been kept (keep) at home as sources of food for many years. (3)Two eggs are eaten (eat) by the girl every day. (4)The GPNP will be set (set) up next year. (5)The fruit tastes (taste) sweet and juicy so it sells well. (6)Look! Food is being prepared (prepare) by my mum.We should wait a moment. (7)When I passed by, the trees were being watered (water)． (8)She said her work had been finished (finish) by the time I arrived so I didn't need to help her. (9)Great changes have taken (take) place in this small town in the past few years. (10)The leader said this problem would be discussed (discuss) in the next meeting. (二)将下列句子改为被动语态(20分) (11)They set up the oldest zoo in the world in Vienna in 1752. →The oldest zoo in the world was set up in Vienna in 1752. (12)We will hold a big birthday party for her next Monday. →A big birthday party will be held for her next Monday. (13)We see the boys play football after school every day. →The boys are seen to play football after school every day. (14)Bob made Mary help him do his homework yesterday. →Mary was made to help him do his homework yesterday by Bob. (15)We call our Chinese teacher Mr Tan. →Our Chinese teacher is called Mr Tan. (16)He has offered us a lot of advice on how to make a video. →We have been offered a lot of advice on how to make a video. (17)A worker is repairing my computer. →My computer is being repaired by a worker. (18)I had heard the song sung many times by the time I was ten. →The song had been heard sung many times by the time I was ten. (19)At this time yesterday I was making a film. →At this time yesterday a film was being made. (20)They promised that they would give me a gift. →They promised that I would be given a gift. (三)用所给词的适当形式完成短文(10分) At present electronic payment ①is being applied (apply) widely in Sweden. So far only about 20% of all consumer payment in Sweden ②has been made (make) in cash, compared with an average of 75% in the rest of the world.And even cash has not been offered in many of the country's banks in the past few years.However, not everyone is joyful.More Internet crimes ③have been caused (cause) because of Sweden's electronic payment up to now.Also, elderly people who use cash ④are being ignored (ignore) in Sweden now.But certainly cash isn't dead. The Swedish central bank predicts the use of cash ⑤is being reduced (reduce) fast but still be working in 20 years. Anyway, for more and more consumers, using cash is no longer their habit. 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (标语篇配有教师讲评课件) (一)阅读理解 Interesting festivals in the world Throwing tomatoes — Spain Spain takes “tomatoes fights” to a whole new level.But the tomatoes are being thrown, not eaten.The festival takes place during the last Wednesday in August.Trucks (卡车) carry tomatoes into the square.People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd. Rolling cheese — England This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May.It takes place on Cooper's Hill.A large wheel of cheese is rolled down Cooper's Hill.The festival is actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese.The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins the cheese. Burning man — The United States The Burning Man Festival lasts a week. It is from the Monday before Labor Day to Labor Day (which falls on the first Monday in September in America)．The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert.The best part of the festival is the burning of a large sculpture of a man. Pouring water — Thailand The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand.Rather than a single day, Thailand celebrates the New Year from April 13th to April 15th.Thai people run after each other pouring water.Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to the beautiful land. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个有趣的节日。 1．Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May? A．Spain.　　　　　　 B．England. C．The United States. D．Thailand. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Rolling cheese — England部分中“This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May.”可知，要在五月参加一个节日，可以去英国的滚奶酪节。 2．Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert? A．Throwing tomatoes. B．Rolling cheese. C．Burning man. D．Pouring water. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Burning man — The United States部分中“The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert.”可知，美国的火人节在黑岩石沙漠举办。 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The tomatoes are thrown into crowd to eat. B．Not all the festivals above fall on a single day. C．Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival. D．Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists. 解析：选B　细节理解题。结合四个节日的举办时间可知，西班牙的番茄节和英国的滚奶酪节时间为一天，美国的火人节持续一周，泰国的泼水节持续三天，所以B项说法正确。 4．Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A tour guide. B．A science report. C．A story book. D．A fashion magazine. 解析：选A　文章出处题。结合文章的标题Interesting festivals in the world可知，本文介绍的是世界上四个有趣的节日，所以文章可能和旅游有关，由此推断本文节选自旅游指南。 (二)语法填空(15分)() The Duanwu Festival， 5 (know) as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a major traditional Chinese festival, which 6 (celebrate) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.It enjoys higher popularity in 7 (south) areas, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian provinces. 8 is said that this traditional Chinese festival is to remember Qu Yuan, 9 was a poet of Chu State and ended his life in Miluo River.The people of Chu State 10 (respect) Qu Yuan very much.When they heard that Qu Yuan died in the river, they rowed the boats fast for Qu Yuan's body.So the dragon boat race has been 11 essential part of the festival.In addition, they threw zongzi into Miluo River to stop fish from 12 (eat) his body.Then zongzi became the 13 (important) food for the festival. At this festival, adults drink realgar (雄黄) wine and children wear sachet (香囊) 14 health and happiness.People usually say “Wish you safety and good health” to each other instead of “Wish you a happy Dragon Boat Festival”． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日——端午节的由来和庆祝方式。 5．known　考查非谓语动词。句子主语the Duanwu Festival与know之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。be known as意为“作为……而为人所知”。 6．is celebrated　考查动词时态和语态。句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；定语从句中，which指代的是先行词a major traditional Chinese festival，与celebrate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is celebrated。 7．southern　考查形容词。修饰名词areas，应用形容词形式。故填southern。 8．It　考查it的用法。此处为It is said that ...句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故填It。 9．who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Qu Yuan，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。 10．respected　考查动词时态。根据空前“The people of Chu State”可知，句子叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填respected。 11．an　考查冠词。a part of意为“……的一部分”，且essential以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 12．eating　考查非谓语动词。stop ...from doing ...意为“阻止……做……”，from后面接动名词形式作介词宾语。故填eating。 13．most important　考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填most important。 14．for　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，意为“为了……”，故填for。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$