Unit 2 Section 4 Focus on Language：Relative Clauses (1)（Word教参）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦定语从句（1）这一核心知识点，以关系代词（who/that/which/whom/whose）的功能及用法为主线，通过语境故事导入、语法入门解析、学案概念梳理（含限制性与非限制性定语从句）、that与which用法对比等学习支架，构建“感知-理解-应用”的完整学习链条。 资料特色在于语境化与结构化设计，以Lucy的故事创设真实情境，助力学生在语言活动中提升语言能力，通过表格归纳、高考真题对点练培养分析比较的思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后“名师在线”及课时检测帮助学生查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section 4　 Focus on Language：Relative Clauses (1) 名师在线 (课堂没学会，课下上线再学习) 课时目标 1.正确理解定语从句在句中的作用。 2.了解各种关系代词的功能。 3.掌握关系代词引导定语从句的用法，并能够在真实语境中运用。 语境中体悟 Lucy is my friend who/that① has a hearing problem.When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends.At first it was difficult to communicate with her.So I learnt a new language which/that② allows me to “speak” with my hands. Lucy is a smart girl whose③ ideas are always inspiring.I sometimes have problems which/that④ I can't solve.When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help.Lucy is a good listener who/whom/that⑤ I enjoy sharing moments of my life with. [语法入门] ①处who/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词my friend，指人，在从句中作主语； ②处which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a new language，指物，在从句中作主语； ③处whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a smart girl，指人，在从句中作定语； ④处which/that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词problems，指物，在从句中作宾语，可以省略； ⑤处who/whom/that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Lucy，指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 学案中理清 一、定语从句的相关概念 复合句中对名词、代词、名词短语或句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。 1．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或物。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。 (2)非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。 2．定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as；关系副词有when、 where、 why。关系词通常有下列作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个成分。本单元主要介绍的是关系代词引导的定语从句。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 指代功能 例句 that在从句中作主语或宾语 指物 A plane is a machine that can fly.(作主语) The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(作宾语) 指人 Let's ask the man that is reading the book over there.(作主语) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim's sister.(作宾语) which在从句中作主语或宾语 指物 They planted the trees which didn't need much water.(作主语) The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.(作宾语) who在从句中作主语或宾语 指人 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(作主语) The boy (who) I saw just now is called Wang Hua.(作宾语) whom在从句中作宾语 指人 The professor (whom) you mentioned hasn't come yet. The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. Mrs Brown is the professor to whom you should write. whose在从句中作定语 指人 Henry is the boy whose mother is our English teacher. 指物 The novel whose cover is broken belongs to me. [对点练]　 (1)单句语法填空 ①(2025·浙江1月高考) “I think it's an amazing idea，” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. ②(2024·浙江1月高考) Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. ③Kim Cobb is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (2)用定语从句改写句子 ④I'd like to see films.The films are just on show. →I'd like to see the films that/which_are_just_on_show. ⑤This is a book.The book has been translated into many languages. →This is the book that/which_has_been_translated_into_many_languages. ⑥The man was a painter.He was here yesterday. →The man who_was_here_yesterday was a painter. ⑦We all like the book.Its writer is from China. →We all like the book whose_writer_is_from_China. 三、关系代词that与which的用法区别 1．宜用that不用which的情况 用法 例句 先行词为不定代词时，如all、 much、 little、 everything、something、 anything、 nothing、 none、 no one等 I have said all (that) I want to say. Is there anything (that) I can do for you？ 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或本身就是最高级、序数词时 This is the best film that has been shown in the city. We'll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us. 先行词被the only、 the very、 the last、 just、 all、 every、 no、 little、 few、 any等修饰时 This is the very book (that) I want to buy. There is little work (that) you can do. The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest. 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the man and the things that they saw. 当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? Who is the man that is reading over there？ 2．宜用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。 (2)在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever read the book, which was written by a young girl? 你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？ [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range. ②This is the very book that I'm looking for. ③This is the best way that has been used against pollution. ④We were deeply moved by the man and his story that she told us. ⑤What's that which is under the desk? ⑥This is the room in which he lives. ⑦Tom came back, which made us very happy. [随堂应用体验] 用正确的关系代词填空 Walking group welcomes new members! Walk and Talk is a group ①that/which meets every Sunday.It is free to join.Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone ②whose weekends need some excitement.We are all teenagers ③who/that love walking and making new friends. We want you to join us! The next walk ④which/that is open to new members is on July 22.You can also bring your friends.However, anyone ⑤whom/who you bring must be over 12 years old. Come along and join in the fun! [课时检测] 第Ⅰ卷　语法强化训练 (一)单句语法填空(20分) (1)Do you still remember the museum that/which we visited three months ago? (2)—How are things going, Mr White? —Well, they have set out to deal with the present situation that/which deserves their immediate attention. (3)Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world. (4)What surprised me was not what he said but the way that he said it. (5)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. (6)I have visited my hometown recently, whose changes have left a deep impression on me. (7)It wasn't easy having my friends talk about their freshman years that/which I wasn't a part of. (8)Parents whose child was newly born might get a paper cut of children for present. (9)This letter was returned because the person to whom it was addressed died three years ago. (10)The man and the horse that fell into the river were saved by other people. (二)将下列句子改为定语从句(14分) (11)He often gets up very late in the morning, and this makes his mother angry. →He_often_gets_up_very_late_in_the_morning,_which_makes_his_mother_angry. (12)I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music. →I_have_a_friend_who_likes_listening_to_classical_music. (13)The girl is from America.Her father is a great scientist. →The_girl_whose_father__is_a_great_scientist_is_from_America. (14)My grandparents live in a house.It is more than 30 years old. →My_grandparents_live_in_a_house_which/that_is_more_than_30_years_old. (15)He is always making the same mistake, and it makes his teacher annoyed. →He_is_always_making_the_same_mistake,_which_makes_his_teacher_annoyed. (16)Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I gave it to her. →Yesterday_Emily_was_wearing_the_new_dress_that/which_I_gave_her. (17)The student's article was published.I know the student. →I know the student whose article was published. (三)完成句子(10分) (18)He is the one who_is_always_ready_to_help_others. 他是个总是乐于助人的人。 (19)This is the most beautiful park that_I_have_visited. 这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 (20)She took photographs of the things and people that_she_was_interested_in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。 (21)The children who_were_injured_in_a_car_accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 (22)The little girl is having an apple that/which_is_big_and_red. 小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (标语篇配有教师讲评课件) (一)阅读理解 Eight fitness exercises you can do at home Walking An effective walking workout at home will help to strengthen your legs, while getting some low-impact aerobic exercise as well.If you don't have any stairs available, just walk around the house a few times — it may not be very exciting, but it will do the job! Jumping jacks These are always fun, as they bring back memories of being a kid! Who hasn't done jumping jacks for fun as a child? Well, surprise — they are also great cardio (有氧运动) exercises, and good for warming up, too. Push-ups These are probably not the most favorite exercise of many people, but while they can be hard to do, you can find easier ways to do them.You don't need to pretend you're “Rocky”， and do them with one hand; just do what works for you.Do them on your knees, instead of keeping your legs straight.Or, do them by standing up against a wall.You will build up arm strength and work out muscles in your chest area. Leg lifts These are great for building up strength and muscles in your legs.If you find it hard to do the exercises with your legs straight, try bending them slightly. Crunches It's the best exercise for building up and strengthening belly muscles.When you're just getting started, don't worry about getting your head all the way up.So long as you're going up until you feel the stretching of the muscles, you will see some benefit. Jogging in place Jogging is a great exercise for your heart.You can jog in place at home while watching TV or listening to music.The only equipment you will require is a good pair of shoes, to eliminate any stress to your legs. Squats These are wonderful exercises for your legs and bottoms.You can even just try these by sitting and standing up again from a regular chair, if you're finding them to be too difficult.As long as you're able to do a few repetitions, you will provide some benefit to your body. Dancing Dancing is a wonderful exercise, which is great for your heart.Not only that, but it can lift your spirits as well, and give your overall feeling a boost. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种可以在家做的健身运动。 1．Which column does this article belong to if in the newspaper? A．Health.　　　　　　　 B．Entertainment. C．Travel. D．Advertisement. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章标题“Eight fitness exercises you can do at home”可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是健身运动，由此可推知，文章最有可能出现在报纸的“健康”专栏。 2．If Tom wants to strengthen his chest muscle, which exercise is most suitable for him? A．Walking. B．Push-ups. C．Jumping jacks. D．Squats. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据Push-ups段落下的最后一句“You will build up arm strength and work out muscles in your chest area.”可知，俯卧撑运动可以锻炼胸部肌肉。 3．What exercises are best for heart? A．Walking and push-ups. B．Leg lifts and crunches. C．Squats and dancing. D．Dancing and jogging in place. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Jogging in place段落下的第一句“Jogging is a great exercise for your heart.”及Dancing段落下的第一句“Dancing is a wonderful exercise, which is great for your heart.”可知，慢跑和跳舞这两项运动对心脏有益。 (二)语法填空(15分)() On the night of August 11,2024, the Paris Olympic Games officially closed with an impressive ceremony at France's national stadium.__4__ (hold) from July 26, this global sporting event witnessed a variety of __5__ (excite) moments. Paris, known __6__ its romantic atmosphere, presented __7__ unique opening ceremony.By holding the opening ceremony in an open urban space along the Seine, Paris __8__ (bring) athletes, performers and the audience closer together.The track and field events took place on a purple track, which was inspired by the lavender (薰衣草) fields of Provence.In line with the motto “Games Wide Open”， Paris also organised a Mass Participation Marathon, __9__ (provide) the public with a chance to run an Olympic marathon route at night. The Chinese delegation, consisting of over 700 energetic __10__ (athlete), achieved a record-breaking performance, winning a total of 40 gold medals __11__ ranking second in the medal table.Among them, six __12__ (traditional) strong sports for China — diving, table tennis, badminton, gymnastics, shooting and weightlifting — contributed 27 gold medals.Beyond pushing the limits of athletic achievement, all the Olympic athletes __13__ participated in the Paris Olympics will also be remembered for their excellent sportsmanship. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了巴黎奥运会的相关情况，包括开幕式、田径比赛场地、马拉松活动以及中国代表团的出色表现。 4．Held　考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，且this global sporting event与hold之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Held。 5．exciting　考查形容词。此处作定语修饰名词moments，应用-ing形式的形容词。故填exciting。 6．for　考查介词。be known for为固定搭配，意为“以……而著称”。故填for。 7．a　考查冠词。ceremony为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词修饰。故填a。 8．brought　考查动词时态。此处作谓语，陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时。故填brought。 9．providing　考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，且provide和前面的句子之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填providing。 10．athletes　考查名词复数。根据前面“over 700”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填athletes。 11．and　考查连词。winning a total of 40 gold medals和ranking second in the medal table为并列关系，应用连词and连接。 12．traditionally　考查副词。修饰形容词strong，应用副词作状语。故填traditionally。 13．who/that　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the Olympic athletes，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$