Unit 1 Section 4 Focus on Language：Infinitives（Word教参）-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词不定式这一核心语法点，以非谓语动词辨析为起点，通过体育手表广告的真实语境引导学生感知不定式功能，进而系统梳理其作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分的用法，构建“语境体悟-语法解析-应用练习”的学习支架。 资料亮点在于语境化与能力培养融合，以广告语篇让学生在真实情境中理解不定式，提升语言能力；通过“语法入门-学案理清-对点练-语篇综合”的梯度设计，培养分析和应用的思维品质；“名师点津”与分层练习助力学生优化策略，发展学习能力。课中辅助教师情境教学，课后学生可借练习与检测查漏补缺，强化语法应用能力。

Section 4　 Focus on Language：Infinitives 名师在线 (课堂没学会，课下上线再学习) 课时目标 1.辨析句子中的谓语动词与非谓语动词。 2.分析并识别非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分。 3.能正确识别动词不定式在句中的成分并准确使用。 语境中体悟 Are you looking for a sports watch to help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress① ? To wear a DX Sports Watch② is an ideal choice for you, whether you're a professional athlete or keen sportsperson.It has a digital display to record your steps, speed and distance③ , as well as monitor your heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting to enable you④ to stay hands-free⑤， while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear⑥. DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today! [语法入门] 句①中动词不定式to help you keep ...作后置定语，修饰a sports watch。 句②中动词不定式To wear ...作主语。 句③中动词不定式to record your steps ...作后置定语，修饰a digital display。 句④中动词不定式to enable ...作后置定语，修饰 a voice control setting。 句⑤中动词不定式to stay hands-free作宾语补足语。 句⑥中动词不定式 to wear作状语。 学案中理清 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。其基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。其进行时为to be doing，完成时为to have done，否定式为not to do。 一、动词不定式作主语、宾语和表语 1．动词不定式作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语时，表示具体的行为或将来的行为，谓语动词用单数。 As the saying goes, “To see is to believe.” 正如谚语所说：“眼见为实。” (2)为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放在句首，将不定式置于句末。 It took me half an hour to work out the difficult math problem. 我花了半个小时才解出这道数学难题。 |名师点津|　 (1)若要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者，要在不定式前加for或of引起的短语，构成“for/of＋名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”结构，这一结构被称为不定式的复合结构。 (2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时，要由of引出逻辑主语，不能用for。这类形容词主要有clever、friendly、careless、foolish、kind、nice、polite、silly、stupid、wise等。 It is important for him to attend every day. 他每天都要出席，这很重要。 It is kind of you to help me with my English. 你帮我学英语，你人真是太好了。 2．动词不定式作宾语 (1)有些动词后常跟不定式(而不跟动名词)作宾语，如： decide、 afford、 agree、 attempt、 choose、 determine、 demand、 expect、 fail、 hope、 manage、 offer、 plan、 prepare、 pretend、 promise、 refuse 等。 (2)用于“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有：feel、 find、 think、 believe、 consider、 make等。 I hope to have a new type of cell phone. 我希望有一部新款手机。 My father finally agreed to help us. 最终，我父亲同意帮我们。 3．动词不定式作表语 (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 (2)如果主语的中心词是aim、 duty、 hope、 idea、 job、 plan、 problem、 wish等，或是what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其做补充说明。 My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。 His job is to feed animals. 他的工作是喂养动物。 My dream is to become a dancer. 我的梦想是成为一名舞蹈家。 [对点练] (1)句型转换 ①To get up early is a good habit. →It_is_a_good_habit_to_get_up_early. ②It is difficult to speak a foreign language well. →To_speak_a_foreign_language_well_is_difficult. ③I find it is hard to work with him. →I find it_hard_to_work_with_him. (2)完成句子 ④(2025·浙江1月高考写作)It's an honor to_be_here_and_share_with_you the trend among a few students to film short videos with smartphones on campus. 很荣幸在这里与大家分享一些学生在校园里用智能手机拍摄短视频的趋势。 ⑤As high school students, it's our responsibility to_protect_oceans. 作为高中生，保护海洋是我们的责任。 ⑥When I entered the room, he pretended_not_to_see me. 当我进入房间时，他假装没看见我。 ⑦Our current plan is to_introduce_traditional_Chinese_festivals,_operas_and_paper_cutting. 我们目前的计划是介绍中国的传统节日、戏剧和剪纸。 ⑧The most important thing is to_learn_to_control_your_temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret. 最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能不会做或说任何你会后悔的事情。 二、不定式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1．动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。 (2)被修饰词前有序数词、形容词最高级或 the last/the only/the next等时后常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 (3)抽象名词 time、 way、 reason、 chance、 courage、 ability、 promise、 attempt 等后常用动词不定式作定语。 Your way to solve the problem is different from mine. 你解决这个问题的方法与我的不同。 (4)something、 nothing、 anything 等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。 I want to get something to read during the vacation. 我想找点能在假期里读的东西。 (5)动词不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系；如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 In my daily life, I always have piles of problems to deal with. 在我的日常生活中，我总是有成堆的问题要去处理。 2．动词不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般放在句子后半部分，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in order 和 so as，但 so as 不能放在句首。 To reduce air pollution, we should take the public transports rather than the private car. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共交通工具，而不是私家车。 (2)作原因状语 动词不定式常跟在一些形容词之后说明产生某种情绪的原因。此类形容词有：happy、 lucky、surprised、 sorry、 glad、 delighted、 eager、 anxious、 ready、 foolish、 interested、 worried等。 He was delighted to see his old friend again. 再次见到他的老朋友，他感到很高兴。 (3)作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上 only或 but only，以加强语气。 I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. 我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现关门了。 3．动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1)动词不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补足语：ask、 advise、 encourage、 expect、 invite、 notice、 order、 teach、 tell、 warn等。 We should encourage students to take part in some voluntary activities. 我们应该鼓励学生参加一些志愿活动。 (2)在使役动词 let、 have、 make后，感官动词see、 watch、 look at、 notice、 hear、 listen to、 feel等后作宾语补足语时，不定式常省略to。 The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后留在教室里。 |名师点津|　上述动词变为被动语态时不定式符号to不能省掉。如： He was seen to go upstairs just now. 有人看见他刚才上楼了。 [对点练]　 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①(2025·浙江1月高考)To_speed (speed) up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. ②(2024·浙江1月高考)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to_benefit (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. ③To_find (find) out the approaches to learning English beyond the classroom, we conducted a survey among students. ④Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over to_plant (plant) flowers in the front yard. ⑤Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker to_teach (teach) her all the skills. ⑥He hurried to the station, only to_find (find) that the train had left. (2)完成句子 ⑦(2025·浙江1月高考写作)We could organize creative activities and encourage_students_to_express_themselves without relying on phones. 我们可以组织创意活动，鼓励学生在不依赖手机的情况下表达自己。 ⑧The progress to_be_made_next_year is of great importance to us all. 明年要取得的进步对我们至关重要。 ⑨My hometown has changed too_much_for_me_to_recognize. 我的家乡变化太大了，我简直认不出来。 ⑩Tom hurried to the station to see his friend off, only_to_be_told_she_had_left. 汤姆急匆匆地赶到车站为他的朋友送行，结果却被告知她已经离开了。 三、疑问词＋动词不定式 1．疑问代词(who、 which、 what)和疑问副词(how、 when、 where)后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。 2．作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。 3．该结构中的不定式常用主动形式。 Here are some suggestions on how to keep fit. 这是一些关于如何保持健康的建议。 When to hold the meeting has not been decided.　会议何时举行尚未决定。 [对点练]　 (1)完成句子 ①He doesn't know which_one_to_choose. 他不知道该选哪一个。 ②The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how_to_settle_it. 分歧如此尖锐，我和他都不知道如何解决。 (2)句型转换 ③How to finish the work is still a question. →How_the_work_should_be_finished is still a question.(用主语从句改写句子) [随堂应用体验] 根据汉语提示用动词不定式完成短文 As some of the actors could not sing well enough, they ①determined_to_rely_on (决定依靠) other musicians ②to_help_them (来帮助他们)．So during the broadcasts they just ③pretended_to_sing (假装唱)．Anyhow their performances were humorous enough ④to_be_copied_by_other_groups (被其他团体模仿)．They were so popular that their fans ⑤hoped_to_get_familiar_with_them (希望熟悉他们)．Each week on TV, the band would play and sing some songs written by other musicians.However, after a year or so they became more serious about their work.They ⑥started_to_play_and_sing_their_own_songs (开始演奏和演唱自己的歌曲) like a real band.In the country they became even more popular than other bands. [课时检测] 第Ⅰ卷　语法强化训练 (一)单句语法填空(20分) (1)There is always something exciting to_do (do)． (2)The baby seems to_be_enjoying (enjoy) himself very much when his mother came in. (3)The question asked by the students was difficult to_handle (handle)． (4)The book to_be_published (publish) next week is written by a famous young writer. (5)He served people so wholeheartedly as to_be_praised (praise) by all. (6)To be honest, I preferred to_schedule (schedule) the meeting today rather than tomorrow. (7)Therefore, checking different sources enables us to_draw (draw) a more informed conclusion. (8)They are talking about what they will bring to the party to_be_held (hold) this weekend. (9)Sarah, who has taken part in shows, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. (10)The young girl was observed to_enter (enter) the office silently. (二)句型转换(8分) (11)Where can I buy some writing paper? Could you please tell me？(用“疑问词＋不定式”) →Could you please tell me where_to_buy some writing paper? (12)We all have a chance that we'll go to study abroad next year. →We all have a chance to_go_to_study_abroad next year. (13)The teacher recommended that we (should) read the novel. →The teacher recommended us to_read_the_novel. (14)Dan made for his car but found the driver's door locked. →Dan made for his car only to_find the driver's door locked. 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (标语篇配有教师讲评课件) (一)阅读理解 I've just done my first jump since the accident that nearly killed me just a year ago. As I was lying in hospital, thinking that I would never skydive again, I wasn't feeling glad to be alive. Instead, I was wondering how I could possibly live without it. It all started one evening after another nine-to-five day. I was sitting at home thinking, “There has to be more to life than this，” when an advertisement came on the television, “Try skydiving！” The next day, I called the nearest skydiving center and booked my first jump. I will never forget my first jump. It was a beautiful, cloudless day and the sun was just going down. As I pushed myself away from the plane at 11,000 feet, my mind went blank. Words cannot describe the excitement I experienced while I was free-falling. That was the most amazing four minutes of my life. From the first jump, I_was_hooked. I started spending every free moment I had skydiving. At work, I sat in front of my computer and imagined ways of making more money so that I could jump more often. The accident happened on my 1,040th jump. Another skydiver hit my parachute (降落伞) at 80 feet. I fell and hit the ground at about 30 mph, face down. I broke my legs, my right arm and my nose. I lost 6 liters of blood, 19 teeth and 25 pounds of fat. I was lucky to be alive. People who have never experienced skydiving will find it hard to understand that my only reason to get better was that I could do it again. All I can say is that for me, skydiving is life and life is skydiving. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者想要做一些比工作更有意义的事，便去尝试跳伞并爱上了跳伞。 1．Why did the writer begin skydiving? A．He wanted to find something more meaningful than just work. B．He was persuaded by the local skydiving club to have a try. C．He made a promise he would go on with it. D．He didn't realize what serious injury it might end in. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was sitting at home thinking, ‘There has to be more to life than this，’ when an advertisement came on the television, ‘Try skydiving！’”可知，作者开始跳伞是因为他想找到比工作更有意义的事情。 2．What can we learn about the writer's first skydiving from the passage? A．The writer planned it for a long time. B．The writer was too nervous to enjoy it. C．It proved to be fairly successful. D．It took place a year before the accident. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段“Words cannot describe the excitement I experienced while I was free-falling. That was the most amazing four minutes of my life.”可知，作者的第一次跳伞非常成功。 3．What does the underlined sentence “I was hooked” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．I was attracted by skydiving. B．I was shocked by skydiving. C．I became familiar with skydiving. D．I became curious about skydiving. 解析：选A　句意理解题。根据第五段中的“I started spending every free moment I had skydiving. At work, I sat in front of my computer and imagined ways of making more money so that I could jump more often.”可知，画线句子的意思是“我被跳伞吸引了”。 4．Which of the following shows the writer's strong will for skydiving? A．The writer spent almost every nine-to-five day skydiving. B．The writer worked hard to make more money for skydiving. C．The writer imagined himself skydiving while at the hospital. D．The writer expected to recover only to continue skydiving. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People who have never experienced skydiving will find it hard to understand that my only reason to get better was that I could do it again.”可知，作者希望身体恢复的唯一理由是继续跳伞表明作者对跳伞的强烈意愿。 (二)语法填空(15分)() Have you ever felt insecure (不安全的) because you have never experienced some of the things your friends have? It could be that you're the only one in your friendship group __5__ is still waiting to go through puberty (青春期) or you had to take time out of school and are now a year behind everyone else of your age.Or maybe it's the other way round and you're the first one in your class to be __6__ (tall) than some of your teachers.Perhaps you're the only one in your group of friends __7__ (take) a sport or hobby to the next level or have ended up __8__ (sit) an exam earlier than your classmates.This can make you feel that things are happening too soon. It is normal to notice that you're going through certain __9__ (experience) at different times from your peers.Sometimes, it might bring feelings of embarrassment or anxiety, or a sense that things aren't happening __10__ the right time. If you ever feel this way, it's helpful to remember that not everyone always __11__ (develop), either physically or emotionally, at the same rate.This is __12__ (perfect) natural and even a cause for celebration.Imagine how boring the world would be if everyone did everything at the same time.Your life is __13__ unique journey and the right time for you is __14__ it's time. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了个人成长的不同阶段。 5．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the only one，指人，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who/that引导。 6．taller　考查形容词的比较级。根据“than”和句意可知，空处应用形容词的比较级形式taller。 7．to take　考查非谓语动词。the only one后接不定式作后置定语。故填to take。 8．sitting　考查非谓语动词。end up doing sth.意为“最终做某事”，是固定短语。故填sitting。 9．experiences　考查名词复数。experience 表示“(一次)经历，体验”时，为可数名词。根据空后的“at different times”可知，空处表示不同的经历，应用复数形式。故填experiences。 10．at/in　考查介词。at/in the right time意为“在对的时间，在恰当的时间”，是固定短语。故填at/in。 11．develops　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境，此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为everyone，故填develops。 12．perfectly　考查副词。后面的natural为形容词，应用副词来修饰形容词。故填perfectly。 13．a　考查冠词。名词journey为可数名词，表泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 14．when　考查表语从句。结合句意，应用when引导表语从句，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$