Unit 3 On the move Reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第一册

该高中英语课件围绕“无人驾驶汽车”主题，系统呈现其工作原理、技术伦理法律挑战及未来展望。课堂导入通过交通技术进步（如高铁、磁悬浮）和无人驾驶认知问题激活学生旧知，搭建从已知到未知的学习支架，自然衔接课文学习。 其亮点在于融合语言能力（描述挑战、推断态度）、思维品质（分析场景导入手法、伦理法律思辨），如A3讨论导入方式培养批判性思维，B2练习预测短语提升语言运用。帮助学生提升综合素养，教师可直接利用结构化活动高效教学。

牛津译林版高中英语学程一课件 Unit 3 On the move Reading Page 30-33 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇是一篇汽车杂志文章，话题是“无人驾驶汽车”，内容紧扣社会生活，富有时代气息。文章介绍了无人驾驶汽车的工作原理、发展中面临的技术难关、伦理困境和法律问题等，表达对无人驾驶技术高速发展和造福人类的美好期待。 【Why】本文通过介绍发展中的无人驾驶技术，引发我们对未来交通方式进行理性思考，以全面的观点来评判科技发展所带来的利与弊。 【How】本文的语篇类型是说明文。文章结构清晰，主线分明。第一段描写一个想象中的未来交通出行的场景，引出话题；第二段说明无人驾驶汽车的工作原理；第三至第五段依次介绍了技术、伦理和法律层面的问题；最后一段，作者对该技术未来的发展充满期待。除文章第一段外，各个段落均有主题句。在说明无人驾驶汽车的工作原理时，作者使用了 meanwhile,then,next 等表示顺序的衔接词。在说明事物的过程中，作者使用了一些疑问句，旨在引发读者的深入思考。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1.describe the main challenges in the development of self-driving cars; 2. analyse the writing technique of using an imagined scene to introduce the topic; 3. use some phrases to predict probable future outcomes; 4.infer the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars; 5. imagine the future of transport development. New technologies from the digital era are set to transform our means of transport. The automobile magazine article below describes a new trend in transport: self-driving cars. Before you read the article, think about the following questions: 1)What technological advances in transport do you know about? I know about high-speed trains and maglev trains, which use very advanced technology. High-speed trains can travel at speeds of up to 350 kilometres per hour. High-speed trains’ bullet-shaped design reduces air resistance. This design,together with the specialized railway tracks the trains travel on, allows them to move fast, quietly and smoothly. The trains are operated with very advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. maglev/ˈmæɡˌlɛv/ 磁力悬浮火车 Maglev trains can travel even faster and can reach speeds of over 600 kilometres per hour.They float above the guideways suspended, guided and propelled by magnetic fields, which reduces the friction normally created between train wheels and guideways. float  /fləʊt/ 浮动；漂流；飘动；飘移;浮；漂浮 guide·way /ˈɡaɪdweɪ/ 导槽；导轨；导路 sus·pend  /səˈspend/ 悬；挂；吊 be suspended in sth悬浮 pro·pel  /prəˈpel/ ( -ll- )推动；驱动；推进 magnetic field/mæɡˈnetɪk/ 磁场 2)What do you know about self-driving cars? I know that self-driving cars use a combination of different technologies to help them drive by themselves. I also know this technology is still developing, so even though it is an exciting advancement in transport, there are still issues that need to be addressed. For example, cars will need technology that can think and behave as close to a human driver as possible to make them safer. This will require a lot of research, development and testing. Self-driving cars—destination known? Mr Zhang casually glances at the empty driver’s seat and says, “Destination Grand Hotel. Family mode. Start.” The car responds immediately, easing smoothly into the busy traffic and avoiding obstacles on the road. 张先生漫不经心地看了一眼空荡荡的驾驶座，说道：“目的地格兰酒店。家庭模式。出发。”汽车立即响应，平稳驶入繁忙的车流，避开路上的障碍。 driver's seat驾驶座 ease  /iːz/ （使）小心缓缓地移动;(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 He eased slowly forwards.他缓缓向前移动。 She eased herself into a chair.她轻手轻脚地坐到椅子上。 Inside the car, the family have chosen their entertainment from a pop-up display panel, ready for the journey ahead. This imagined scene provides a likely future reality for self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles. 车里面，一家人已经在弹出式显示面板上选好了娱乐项目，为前方的旅途作好准备。这个想象中的场景展示了自动驾驶汽车，也叫自主汽车，一种可能的未来的现实。 panel  /ˈpænl/ （汽车或其他机械的）控制板，仪表盘 a control/display panel 控制╱显示面板 However, before this evolution in transport becomes a revolution, it must be fully understood how self-driving cars work. Put simply, self-driving cars must “see” and “behave” appropriately to be safe on the road. They do this through various hardware and deep-learning artificial intelligence (AI). 然而，在这种交通方式的变革成为一场革命之前，必须充分了解自动驾驶汽车的工作原理。简言之，要想在路上安全行驶，自动驾驶汽车必须恰当地“看”和“做”。它们通过各种硬件和深度学习人工智能（AI）来实现。 revo·lu·tion (in sth)  /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ 巨变；大变革 Cameras as well as sensors like radar and lidar capture a variety of data from the external environment. Once the data is sent to the AI system, the “brain” of the self-driving car, it is analysed and put together like a puzzle so that the car can “see” its surroundings and determine its position. 摄像头以及雷达、激光雷达等传感器从外部环境中获取各种数据。数据一旦发送到人工智能系统，即自动驾驶汽车的“大脑”，立即被分析并像拼图一样被拼凑起来，于是汽车就能“看到”周围的环境并确定自身方位。 ex·ter·nal  /ɪkˈstɜːnl/ 外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;在外的 puzzle拼图游戏，拼图玩具 Meanwhile, the AI system identifies patterns from the data and learns from them. An action plan is then created to instruct the car how to “behave” in real time: stay in the lane, move into another one, speed up or slow down. 同时，人工智能系统从数据中识别出模式，从中学习。然后一份行动计划被创建出来，用以指导汽车如何实时“行动”：沿车道行进，变道，加速或减速。 speed up/speed sth up（使）加速 slow (sth/sb) (down/up)（使）放慢速度，减缓，松劲 Next, the necessary mechanical controls, such as the accelerator and brakes, are activated by the AI system, allowing the car to move in line with the action plan. 接下来，人工智能系统激活油门、刹车等必要的机械操纵装置，让汽车按照行动计划行驶。 mech·an·ic·al /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 机动的;机械驱动的;机械的 control（机器或车辆的）操纵装置，开关，按钮 ac·ti·vate  /ˈæktɪveɪt/ 使活动；激活；使活化 This may sound perfect in theory, but in reality technological barriers exist in the development of self-driving cars. The perception system is an example of this. Road traffic in the real world is so complicated that unfamiliar or unexpected conditions may occur at any time. 这理论上听起来很完美，但实际上，自动驾驶汽车的开发还存在技术障碍。其感知系统就是一个例子。真实世界中的道路交通如此复杂，以至于不熟悉或意外的情况时有发生。 technological/ˌtɛknəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ 与技术有关的 Since it is unreasonable for the database to include every possible object in every possible condition ahead of time, the system might not recognize everything on the road. In one tragic real-life case, a self-driving car’s perception system failed to identify a white truck against the bright, sunlit sky.既然数据库将每种可能发生的情况下的每个可能存在的物体都预先包含是不合理的，系统就无法识别路上所有东西。在一个悲惨的真实案例中，一辆自动驾驶汽车的感知系统未能从明亮晴空的背景下识别一辆白色卡车。 un·rea·son·able  /ʌnˈriːznəbl/ 不合理的;不公正的;期望过高的 real- life真实的；实际发生的；现实生活中的 against以…为背景；衬托 sun·lit  /ˈsʌnlɪt/ 阳光照耀的 It assumed that there was no obstacle in its path and did not activate the brakes, causing the death of the driver in the self-driving car. Accidents like this pose the question of how self-driving cars can better learn and improve their behaviours on the road to ensure safe journeys. 它只当行进路线上没有障碍物，没刹车，导致自动驾驶汽车的司机死亡。此类事故提出了这样一个问题，即自动驾驶汽车怎样才能更好地学习，改进行驶中的行为以确保安全出行。 ac·ti·vate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ vt.使活动；激活；使活化 Another aspect that needs careful consideration is the ethical responses self-driving cars would make in specific circumstances. The Trolley Problem is often used to discuss difficult ethical choices they may face. For example, should those in the self-driving car always be protected first even if it means endangering the lives of pedestrians?另一个需要仔细斟酌的方面是自动驾驶汽车在特定情况下的伦理反应。人们经常援引“电车难题”来讨论自动驾驶汽车可能面临的棘手的伦理抉择。例如，自动驾驶汽车内的人是否应该始终受到优先保护，即使这意味着危及行人的生命？ eth·ic·al  /ˈeθɪkl/ （有关）道德的；伦理的;合乎道德的 trolley/ˈtrɒlɪ/有轨电车 Should the self-driving car hit a single pedestrian to avoid crashing into a group of pedestrians? And would it make a different decision if the pedestrian were a child or a senior citizen? The moral dilemma that comes with how to ethically program self-driving cars has yet to be resolved. 为避免撞到一群行人，自动驾驶汽车是否应该去撞一个行人？这个行人如果是一个小孩或老人，自动驾驶汽车会作出不同的决定吗？如何编写程序让自动驾驶汽车合乎伦理，这个问题带来的伦理困境尚待解决。 senior citizen资深公民,老年人 pro·gram  /ˈprəʊɡræm/ 编写程序 Besides such ethical concerns, the legal situations the autonomous vehicle industry is likely to be confronted with have fuelled heated debates. In this emerging industry, manufacturing and programming standards are not yet uniform. Moreover, the quality and safety of the technology used in self-driving cars is still being challenged.除了这些道德方面的担忧，自动驾驶汽车行业可能面临的法律处境已经引发了激烈争论。在这个方兴未艾的行业里，制造和编程标准尚未统一。此外，自动驾驶汽车技术的可靠性和安全性依然受到质疑。 fuel  /ˈfjuːəl/加剧;增加；加强；刺激 uni·form  /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ 一致的；统一的；一律的 chal·lenge  /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ 对…怀疑（或质疑）；拒绝接受 This could lead to extraordinary cases like who should be held responsible when self-driving cars are involved in accidents—should it be the driver, the software programmer or the manufacturer? 这会导致一些意想不到的情况，例如，当自动驾驶汽车发生事故时，责任该由哪一方承担——是自动驾驶汽车的司机，软件程序员，还是生产商？ extra·or·din·ary  /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ 意想不到的;令人惊奇的;奇怪的 hold认为；相信 be involved in sth.参与的; 涉及的;专心于…的 programmer/ˈprəʊɡræmə/ (计算机) 程序员 manu·fac·tur·er  /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə(r)/ 生产者;制造者;生产商 Manufacturing and programming standards first have to be agreed upon to make it possible for law courts to decide who is at fault when things go wrong. As advances in autonomous vehicle design and technology are in progress, the final agreement on laws and regulations governing this industry remains to be seen.首先要有统一的制造和编程标准，法庭才能在出现问题时裁定谁有过错。自动驾驶汽车的设计和技术正在不断进步，而管理该行业的法律法规的最终一致尚待确定。 be agreed (on/upon sth)（对…）取得一致意见，一致同意 decide (for/against sb)裁决；判决 in progress在进行中 gov·ern /ˈɡʌvn/ 统治;控制;管理;治理 There can be little doubt that, despite all the challenges, self-driving cars will form a big part of our future. The question is, what is next? Some argue that self-driving cars should be allowed to operate without human control, while others are more cautious and believe that human operation, even if limited, is still necessary. 毫无疑问，尽管困难重重，但自动驾驶汽车将成为我们未来重要的一部分。问题是接下来会怎样？有些人主张应该让自动驾驶汽车在无人控制的情况下运行，而另一些人则更谨慎些，认为人工操控，即使是有限的，仍然是有必要的。 form是；成为 Only time will reveal its true path. While the journey ahead is not without obstacles, the eventual destination is bound to be another milestone for humankind’s amazing vision and inventiveness.只有时间才能揭示出正确的道路。虽然前方绝非坦途，但最终目的地必将成为人类惊人远见和创造力的又一座里程碑。 in·vent·ive  /ɪnˈventɪv/ adj.( 尤指人 ) 善于创新的；有创意的;(思想 ) 有新意的；有创意的 inventiveness/ɪnˈventɪvnəs/创造力 ori·gin·al·ity/creativity A. Understanding the text Page 32 A1. Read the automobile magazine article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph. How self-driving cars work Technological barriers Ethical concerns Legal problems The future of self-driving cars A2. Read the automobile magazine article again and answer the following questions. Page 32 1. How do self-driving cars “see”? Cameras as well as sensors like radar and lidar capture a variety of data from the external environment, which is sent to the AI system, analysed and put together like a puzzle. 2. Why is a self-driving car’s perception system likely to fail (出故障；失灵)? Because road traffic in the real world is so complicated that unfamiliar or unexpected conditions may occur at any time, and it is unreasonable for the database to include every possible object in every possible condition ahead of time. 3. What ethical choices may self-driving cars face in relation to the Trolley Problem? in relation to与…相比;关于 Whether those in the self-driving car should always be protected first, and whether it should hit a single pedestrian, such as a child or a senior citizen, to avoid crashing into a group of pedestrians. 4. What must be done first before law courts can decide who is at fault when self-driving cars are involved in accidents? 5. What are the two possible future paths of self-driving cars? Manufacturing and programming standards have to be agreed upon. Self-driving cars will be allowed to operate without human control, or there will always be human operation, even if limited. A3. In pairs, discuss the following questions. 1. The author uses an imagined scene to introduce the topic of self-driving cars. What do you think of this introduction? How would you introduce the topic if you were to write an article about self-driving cars? I think the introduction is appealing because it provides a vivid scene to help the reader visualize the possible experience of using a self-driving car. This way, it attracts them to read on to learn more about self-driving cars. If I were to write an article on self-driving cars, I would introduce the topic by making a comparison between self-driving cars and traditional cars. For example, self-driving cars allow drivers more freedom when they use the car, while traditional cars require drivers to concentrate at all times. Self-driving cars also use more advanced software and hardware than traditional cars, providing a fascinating travel experience for anyone who uses them. at all times总是；随时；永远 Comparing traditional cars with self-driving cars also showcases how far we have advanced technologically and suggests exciting future possibilities in transport.将传统汽车与自动驾驶汽车进行对比，也凸显了我们在技术方面所取得的巨大进步，并预示着未来交通领域令人兴奋的可能性。 suggest暗示；言下之意是说,=imply 2. The author mentions some barriers self-driving cars face. How do you think these barriers might be overcome? I think technological barriers can be overcome if AI technology advances to a stage where its deep-learning capabilities would enable it to think like humans do, or even better. The ethical concerns may be more challenging. Perhaps the advances in technology could contribute to solving certain ethical problems. But the differing ethical values would be a big obstacle. stage  /steɪdʒ/ （发展或进展的）时期，阶段，状态;段；步；步骤 differing不同的，有差异的 The first step in resolving this issue could be to create general universally accepted guidelines which countries agree upon, while considering the ethical principles unique to themselves. Overcoming legal barriers faced by self-driving cars would require new laws to be created or current ones amended. 解决这一问题的第一步可能是制定出各国都能普遍接受的通用准则，同时也要考虑到各国自身的伦理原则。要克服自动驾驶汽车所面临的法律障碍，就需要制定新的法律或者对现行法律进行修订。 unique (to sb/sth)（某人、地或事物）独具的，特有的 amend /əˈmend/ 修正，修订（法律文件、声明等） Not all possible legal situations involving self-driving cars are yet known so the law would need to deal with them as they become known.并非所有与自动驾驶汽车相关的可能的法律情形都已明确，因此法律需要在这些情形被发现时对其进行处理。 3. When predicting the future, the author talks about two possible paths of self-driving cars. Which path do you think self-driving cars will take? Why? I think self-driving cars will take the path that does not involve human drivers due to advancements in general technology and autonomous vehicle technology. The Internet of Things and 5G communications networks, for example, make roadways more intelligent. This, along with vehicle-to-vehicle communications technology,would mean self-driving cars can communicate with other cars as well as the road infrastructures more effectively. Besides, with further advancements in AI technology, the cars themselves could behave and think as humans do, making the need for human control unnecessary. I believe humans will always be needed for self-driving cars to work successfully and safely. Autonomous vehicle technology will probably never be as effective as the human brain, especially when it comes to making decisions in unexpected situations. For this reason, a certain amount of human control is always needed. Besides, not everyone will want to use a self-driving car which they cannot control.Some drivers may prefer having the option to choose how to drive their car. B. Building your language Page 33 B1. The passage below is about the use of big data in transport. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. revolution dilemma identify in line with fuel perception be bound to be confronted with Big data technology has started a (1) __________ in transport systems, which impacts ways people get around. get around出行;四处行走;走动;传播；流传;笼络某人 revolution Devices such as traffic cameras and underground fare gates collect information about drivers’ and passengers’ behaviours, including driving habits in various weather conditions and route choices at different times of day. The data is then analysed by algorithms and exchanged among devices and systems connected through the Internet of Things. Consequently, decisions can be made (2) ___________ this mass of data. fare gate检票闸机 mass of sth大量；许多 in line with The availability of big data provides considerable advantages for individuals who (3) __________________ the task of planning their travels. They can compare travel information according to their needs like fare, time and walking distance before deciding on which option suits them best. Similarly, drivers can use apps to easily access real-time traffic and parking information, thus avoiding traffic jams and seeking out available parking spaces. 大数据的可用性为那些需要规划出行的个人提供了极大的便利。他们可以根据自身需求（如票价、时间以及步行距离）来比较各种出行信息，从而在决定最佳出行方案时做出明智的选择。同样，司机也可以通过应用程序轻松获取实时交通和停车位信息，从而避免交通拥堵并找到可用的停车位。 are confronted with On the other hand, big data technology improves the management of public transport systems. Many countries face the (4) ________ between public transport coverage and ridership, as an expanded transport network would mean fewer passengers on a single vehicle. Now these countries can use information collected from GPS and passenger ticket data to (5) _______ patterns in passengers’ route choices and supply bus routes that meet their demands. cov·er·age  /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ 覆盖范围(或方式) dilemma identify Bus services are then tailored to offer shorter waiting times and faster routes. Enhancements like this present convenient options to passengers, changing public (6) __________ of transport systems. Furthermore, they offer sustainable long-term solutions which (7) ___________ benefit a country’s economy and environment. tailor sth to/for sb/sth /ˈteɪlə(r)/ 调整;专门制作；订做; enhancement/ɪnˈhɑːnsmənt/ 提高;增加,增强,改善,提高 perception are bound to However, the use of big data (8) __________ public concern about the protection of personal information. For example, many apps require access to users’ locations without them knowing how the data would actually be used. Therefore, measures must be taken to ensure users’ private information is kept secure. has fuelled B2. The automobile magazine article uses some phrases to predict probable future outcomes. Find them in the article and revise the paragraph below using these phrases. Phrases predicting probable future outcomes: have yet to be ..., be likely to ..., make it possible for ... to ..., ... remain to be seen, be bound to ... New technologies will give rise to amazing new transport options in the future. One option we may be able to see in China is smart roads. With the move towards smart technologies, IoT-enabled road sensors and electric recharging lanes may be used, which are able to quickly connect to and communicate with smart cars. 随着向智能技术的迈进，配备物联网技术的路侧传感器和电动充电车道可能会被采用，它们能够迅速与智能汽车建立连接并进行通信。 move (towards/to sth)/ (to do sth)行动 -enabled  /ɪˈneɪbld/ 能与某一系统（或技术）使用的 re·charge  /ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ 给（电池）充电；充电 This could greatly reduce the high number of serious road accidents. Furthermore, electric lanes that can recharge vehicles will certainly help reduce air pollution. New technologies will give rise to amazing new transport options in the future. One option we are likely to see in China is smart roads. The move towards smart technologies makes it possible for IoT-enabled road sensors and electric recharging lanes to be used, which are able to quickly connect to and communicate with smart cars. This could greatly reduce the high number of serious road accidents. Furthermore, electric lanes that can recharge vehicles are bound to help reduce air pollution. $$