Unit 4 Then and now 单元核心素养培优卷 2025 - 2026学年沪教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册英语

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 / 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语单元核心素养培优卷沪教版 （五四学制）（2024） Unit 4 Then and now 本试卷共9页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） Keiler Roberts sat with her 6-year-old daughter, Xia, last week at a playground in Chicago’s north. On Roberts’ lap was a library book, “Thumbelina”. On Xia’s were two Barbie dolls 1 to listen along to the tale. As Roberts 2 the pages with colorful pictures, Xia’s eyes widened. “Wouldn’t that be something if you opened up a flower and a little girl was 3 ?” Roberts said. The mother and daughter were 4 park visitors pleased by the Evanston Public Library’s new book bike. It’s a motorized 5 with a bright yellow cart 6 with about 50 different kinds of books. The bike, ridden by librarian Jill Skwerski to parks and community centers, let 7 of the community sign up for library cards, check out books and register for programs. The cart’s books included 8 authors such as Malcolm Gladwell, John Green and James Patterson, as well as titles on politics, history and self-help books. The cart also had a more playful selection, too, children’s fairy tales, the “Animorphs” series and “The Hunger Games” novels. The process was fast and simple, 9 for families who had library cards. When 6-year-old Sophie Levy looked at the cart of books, she immediately found her 10 , “Happy Pig Day!” by Mo Willems, and told Skwerski how much she loved it. 1．A．sitting B．jumping C．throwing D．flying 2．A．turned B．wrote C．created D．left 3．A．outside B．inside C．behind D．away 4．A．between B．around C．among D．above 5．A．bicycle B．car C．truck D．train 6．A．full B．filled C．carried D．go 7．A．owners B．customers C．designers D．members 8．A．unknown B．strange C．similar D．popular 9．A．especially B．certainly C．importantly D．equally 10．A．dream B．hobby C．favorite D．reason 二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。 A The Development of Transportation Transportation has developed greatly over the centuries. In ancient times, people mainly traveled on foot or by riding animals like horses. It was a slow and tiring way to travel. Then, the invention of the wheel changed transportation. People could use carts pulled by animals to carry goods and travel. In the 19th century, the steam engine was invented. Trains and steamships became popular. They could travel longer distances and carry more people and goods. In the 20th century, the invention of the car and the airplane brought even greater changes. Cars made it more convenient for people to travel short distances. Airplanes made long-distance travel much faster. Now, high-speed trains are also becoming more and more common in many countries. The development of transportation has made the world smaller. People can travel to different places more easily, and it also promotes international trade and cultural exchange. 11．How did people travel in ancient times? A．By car. B．By train. C．On foot or by riding animals. D．By airplane. 12．What invention changed transportation after ancient times? A．The steam engine. B．The car. C．The wheel. D．The airplane. 13．What became popular after the invention of the steam engine? A．Cars and airplanes. B．Trains and steamships. C．Bicycles and motorcycles. D．High-speed trains. 14．What is the advantage of high-speed trains? A．They are very cheap. B．They can carry the most people. C．They make long-distance travel faster. D．They are very comfortable. 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of transportation development. B．The importance of transportation. C．The future of transportation. D．The types of transportation. B I met a typhoon last summer in Fujian. It was a really frightening one. I was walking in the street with my mother. We were on our way home. The wind blew more and more strongly. We felt the difference. We started to walk as fast as we could in order to get home in no time. But the wind was still faster than feet. The big trees began to shake. The wind blew on our faces. It was so sharp that we couldn’t breathe. I held my mother tightly. I was afraid I would be blown away. I was excited when we were near our home. Luckily, a few minutes later, we arrived home safe and sound. “I am still alive,” I said to myself happily. I saw the strong typhoon through the window but I could do nothing about it. A typhoon is a large and powerful storm. It may do great damage. It is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world. It can make everything untidy! Typhoons have destroyed buildings, wiped out harvests, and taken thousands of lives. However, nature also provides our first defence (防御) against them—our typhoon-resilient (抗台风的) trees! Over the years, these trees have somewhat managed to protect people from the harmful effects of typhoons. We must prevent them from being cut down. 16．The writer and his mother were ________ when the typhoon happened. A．going home B．walking in the park C．shopping D．visiting someone 17．When the writer and his mother felt the wind was different, they began to ________. A．cry B．walk quickly C．shake D．hold each other 18．The writer and his mother couldn’t ________ because of the sharp wind. A．breathe B．walk fast C．see each other D．find their way home 19．The underlined word “disasters” means “________” in Paragraph 2. A．毁坏 B．灾难 C．风景 D．现象 20．What does the last paragraph show? A．Typhoons are actually preventable. B．People cut down trees for many reasons. C．Plants and trees are of great importance to the environment. D．Some trees play a big role in reducing the damage caused by typhoons. C Life in the Past and Now Life in the past was very different from what it is now. In the past, people used to make their own clothes by hand. They grew their own food and rarely bought things from the market. Communication was slow, mainly by writing letters. Now, we can buy all kinds of clothes in the stores. We have a wide variety of food from all over the world. With the development of technology, we can communicate with others instantly through mobile phones, the Internet and other means. In the past, people had fewer ways to entertain themselves. They might read books or play simple games. But now, we have TV, computers, video games and many other forms of entertainment. However, the fast-paced modern life also brings some problems. People are often stressed out and have less time for their families. But overall, we enjoy the convenience and richness that modern life brings. 21．How did people make clothes in the past? A．They bought them from the store. B．They made them by machine. C．They made them by hand. D．They ordered them online. 22．What was communication like in the past? A．Fast. B．Instant. C．Slow. D．Easy. 23．What forms of entertainment did people have in the past? A．TV and computers. B．Video games. C．Reading books or playing simple games. D．Watching movies in the cinema. 24．What problems does modern life bring? A．People have no money. B．People are stressed out and have less family time. C．There is no entertainment. D．Communication is difficult. 25．What can we infer from the passage? A．Life in the past was better. B．Life now is completely perfect. C．Both past and present life have their own advantages and disadvantages. D．We should go back to the past life. 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，从方框内所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余） Is robot guide dog the future? Scientists from China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot “guide dog” to help blind people. 26 With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people. It can help them during daily trips outside and be a “friend” at home. Blind people can also use a cane (手杖) to control the robot’s walking and running speed. The robot can even recognize traffic lights (识别信号灯) — real guide dogs are unable to do that. The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider. 27 The extra (额外的) legs make it more stable (稳定的) and help it move faster. 41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are helping test the robot. 28 Zhu often uses a cane to move around. “The robot dog will make it easier to get into public places than with real guide dogs. 29 It could change our lives in the near future,” Li said. In China, there are about 17.31 million blind people, but there are only about 400 guide dogs. 30 “We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes’ for blind people,” said Professor Gao Feng, one of the scientists. He thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，有一项为多余选项。 A．I am happy to join the test. B．It has six legs instead of four. C．The robot is now being tested in Shanghai. D．My mum and her brothers grew like that. E．The new robot is trying to solve this problem. F．Li is totally blind and Zhu can only see a little. 三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 31．The (modern) of the city is amazing. 32．Although he is young, he is very (knowledge). 33．The city has made great (progress) in education. 34．The children in poor areas hope to receive good (educate). 35．China’s (develop) catches the world’s attention (注意). 36．Proper training is an important (条件) if you want to master the new skills. 37．The shows of Mei Lanfang were popular among people in the 20th (百年). 38．After years of hard work, scientists (开发) a cure that saves millions of lives. 39．The whole class enjoyed the spring outing yesterday (除了……以外) Simon, who missed it because of a fever. 40．It’s eleven at night and my baby sister is still playing, with eyes open (充分地)! 四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 41．在这个世纪，人们使用计算机做了许多不可思议的事情。 , people have done many great things with computers. 42．这些志愿活动对学生的发展产生了巨大的影响。 These volunteer activities made a great difference to the of students. 43．在现代艺术课上，老师告诉我们一个消息。 During the art class, our teacher told us a piece of news. 44．许多大学生选择在毕业后出国深造。 Many college students choose to abroad after graduation. 45．人工智能的发展对人们的生活有重大影响。 The of AI makes a big difference to people’s lives. 五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 从方框中选择单词，用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺。 change, use, memory, wide, modern, belong, imagine, develop, although, condition Our life has 46 a lot in the past few decades. In the past, the roads were not 47 and people 48 to travel by bike or on foot. The houses were small and the living 49 were not very good. Nowadays, with the 50 of technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. We live in 51 buildings and can travel long distances by car, train or plane. Mobile phones and the Internet make communication much easier. I still have many sweet 52 of the past, 53 life now is better. It’s hard to 54 what life will be like in the future. But I’m sure it will become even better as time goes by. And these wonderful things 55 to all of us. 六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was on vacation in Japan with my friends last year, we lived in a homestay (民宿). We chose it 56 (simple) because it was in a good location (位置). The owner was a doctor called Dr. Joyato. We reached the house at around 9:00 pm and found our Japanese host was waiting for us outside the house. After we met each other, he 57 (lead) us into his house. Dr. Joyato and his wife invited us for dinner. He was 77 years old. After retiring (退休) at the age of 67, he took 58 1,000-kilometer journey on foot with his wife. They met many kind 59 (tour) during the trip. Later, they decided to turn their house into a homestay. Dr. Joyato told me, " About 170 people from 44 different countries 60 (live) in my house since we had this homestay. " The talk went quite well that night. The next morning, 61 I woke up at 6:00 am, our host was busy preparing breakfast for us! After breakfast, we went to the Disneyland, and had so much fun. On the last day, we considered 62 (take) a bicycle ride, but Dr. Joyato thought he should care about our 63 (safe), so he showed us around the city. During the whole vacation, we got 64 well with the couple. The experience has left us a warm memory. If everyone shows a kind heart to others, we will make our world a 65 (peace) place. 七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） What do you often do during the breaks between classes? Xiao Jingsheng, a student fromBeijing. often had to run to the toilet and then back to class with no time for anything else before.But now things are different. “I can have more time to rest and share interesting things with my classmates,” said the 14-year-old boy. Starting from this fall semester (学期) , students at primary and middle schools in Beijing have longer breaks between classes. They can rest for 15 minutes. Students now can spend more time outside, so they can be healthier and happier. Many schools have spaces for reading, playing the piano or even playing with animals. “We have some ducks and rabbits in our school!” said Zhang Boren, a 13-year-old from Beijing. “We can play with them or exercise on the playground. Getting closer to nature is relaxing. It makes our school life more enjoyable.” 根据语篇内容，用完整的句子回答问题。 66．What did Xiao Jingheng often do between classes before? 67．How long is the break at primary and middle school in Beijing now? 68．Who can play with animals between classes? 69．How is getting closer to nature? 70．Do you want to have longer breaks? Why? 第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分） 71．公众健康日（7 月7 日），旨在倡导“全民健康，快乐为本”的理念。随着生活水平的提高，健康越来越受到重视。你们准备组织一个关于“健康”主题的演讲活动，请你根据下面内容，准备一篇题为“How to live a healthy and happy life” 的演讲稿。 How to live a healthy and happy life 身体健康 1. 健康饮食；2. 适当锻炼；3. 充足睡眠。 希望 ……（至少一点） 要求： 1. 词数80 左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不得出现真实的地名、校名、人名等信息。 How to live a healthy and happy life Hi, my dear classmates, Now we are paying more and more attention to our health. Then how can we students live a healthy and happy life? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you! 参考答案及试题解析 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲了Keiler Roberts和女儿在公园通过埃文斯顿公共图书馆的新书车便捷地借阅图书，体验了社区图书馆服务的便利与多样性。 1．句意：Xia的身边放着两个芭比娃娃，它们坐着听故事。 sitting坐着；jumping跳；throwing扔；flying飞。根据“to listen along to the tale”可知，芭比娃娃是听故事的状态，坐着听故事符合语境，故选A。 2． 句意：当罗伯茨翻动带有彩色图片的书页时， Xia的眼睛睁大了。 turned翻动；wrote写；created创造；left离开。根据“On Roberts’ lap was a library book, ‘Thumbelina’”以及“the pages with colorful pictures”可知，罗伯茨在看书，所以是翻动书页，故选A。 3．句意：如果你打开一朵花，里面有一个小女孩，那会是多么奇妙的事情啊？ outside在外面；inside在里面；behind在后面；away离开。根据“you opened up a flower and a little girl was...”结合常识和童话情境，花里面有小女孩更符合语境，故选B。 4．句意：这对母女是埃文斯顿公共图书馆新推出的图书自行车所取悦的公园游客之一。 between在两者之间；around在周围；among在三者及以上之中；above在上面。根据“park visitors”可知，游客不止两人，母女是其中的一部分，故选C。 5．句意：这是一辆机动自行车，带有一个亮黄色的推车，里面装满了大约50种不同的书。 bicycle自行车；car汽车；truck卡车；train火车。根据“the Evanston Public Library’s new book bike”可知，这是一辆自行车，故选A。 6．句意：这是一辆机动自行车，带有一个亮黄色的推车，里面装满了大约50种不同的书。 full满的；filled充满；carried携带；go去。根据“about 50 different kinds of books”可知，推车里面装满了书，“filled with”意为“充满”，故选B。 7．句意：图书管理员吉尔·斯克斯基骑着这辆自行车去公园和社区中心，让社区成员可以申请借书证、借书和注册参加活动。 owners主人；customers顾客；designers设计师；members成员。根据“of the community”可知，是社区成员，故选D。   8． 句意：推车里的书包括马尔科姆·格拉德威尔、约翰·格林和詹姆斯·帕特森等受欢迎的作家的作品，还有关于政治、历史和自助的书籍。 unknown未知的；strange奇怪的；similar相似的；popular受欢迎的。根据“such as Malcolm Gladwell, John Green and James Patterson”可知，这些都是知名的、受欢迎的作家，故选D。 9． 句意：这个过程又快又简单，特别是对于有借书证的家庭来说。 especially特别；certainly当然；importantly重要地；equally平等地。根据“for families who had library cards”可知，对于有借书证的家庭来说尤其简单，故选A。 10．句意：6岁的索菲·利维看着一推车的书，立刻找到了她最喜欢的莫·威廉姆斯的《快乐的小猪节！》，并告诉斯克斯基她有多喜欢这本书。 dream梦想；hobby爱好；favorite最喜欢的事物；reason原因。根据“told Skwerski how much she loved it”可知，她找到了自己最喜欢的书，故选C。 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了交通的发展历程，从古代的出行方式，到轮子、蒸汽机、汽车、飞机以及高铁的发明和应用，阐述了交通发展带来的影响。 11．细节理解题。根据“In ancient times, people mainly traveled on foot or by riding animals like horses.”可知，古代人们步行或骑动物出行，故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“Then, the invention of the wheel changed transportation.”可知，轮子的发明在古代之后改变了交通，故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“In the 19th century, the steam engine was invented. Trains and steamships became popular.”可知，蒸汽机发明后，火车和蒸汽船流行起来，故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据“Airplanes made long-distance travel much faster. Now, high-speed trains are also becoming more and more common in many countries.”和“People can travel to different places more easily”，飞机让长途旅行更快，而高铁也在国家中变得更加常见，交通方式的发展让世界变得更小，可推断其优势是让长途旅行更快，故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章标题“The Development of Transportation”以及全文对不同时期交通方式的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是交通发展的历史，故选A。 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文叙述了作者遭遇台风的经历，提到了一些树木有防御台风的作用，并呼吁我们要保护树木。 16．细节理解题。根据“We were on our way home.”可知，台风来时，作者和妈妈正在回家的路上。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据“We felt the difference. We started to walk as fast as we could in order to get home in no time.”可知，两人感受到风的异样后，开始快速向家走。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据“It was so sharp that we couldn’t breathe.”可知，凛冽的风让作者和妈妈不能呼吸。故选A。 19．词句猜测题。根据“It may do great damage.”和“It can make everything untidy!”可知，画线词所在句句意应为“台风是世界上最严重的自然灾害之一。”由此可推知，disasters意为“灾害”。故选B。 20．细节理解题。根据“However, nature also provides our first defence (防御) against them—our typhoon-resilient (抗台风的) trees! Over the years, these trees have somewhat managed to protect people from the harmful effects of typhoons.”可知，一些树木能够帮助我们抵御台风，它们在一定程度上削弱了台风的影响，因此它们应该受到保护。D项“一些树木对降低台风造成的破坏有很大作用”表述正确。故选D。 21．C 22．C 23．C 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，对比了过去和现在的生活方式，涵盖服装制作、通信、娱乐方式以及现代生活的优缺点。 21．细节理解题。根据“In the past, people used to make their own clothes by hand.”可知，过去人们制衣的方式是手工制作。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“Communication was slow, mainly by writing letters.”可知，过去的通信特点是缓慢的。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“In the past, people had fewer ways to entertain themselves. They might read books or play simple games.”可知，过去的娱乐形式是读书或玩简单游戏。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“People are often stressed out and have less time for their families.”可知，现代生活的问题是压力和家庭时间减少。故选B。 25．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文对比过去与现在生活的优缺点，可推知，过去和现在的生活各有优劣。故选C。 26．C 27．B 28．F 29．A 30．E 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中国科学家研发的机器人导盲犬，及其功能、优势和对盲人生活的潜在影响。 26．根据“With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, listen and speak with blind people…”（在摄像头和人工智能的帮助下，机器人导盲犬可以看、听并与盲人交流）可推知，此处需补充机器人当前的状态。选项C“该机器人目前正在上海测试。”与上下文衔接自然，说明其研发进展。故选C。 27．根据“The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider… The extra legs make it more stable”（机器人导盲犬体型与英国斗牛犬相近但更宽……额外的腿使其更稳定）可推知，此处需解释“更宽”和“额外腿”的具体信息。选项B“它有六条腿而非四条。”直接对应“extra legs”，故选B。 28．根据“41-year-old Li Fei and 42-year-old Zhu Sibin are helping test the robot… Zhu often uses a cane to move around”（41岁的李飞和42岁的朱思彬参与测试……朱常借助手杖行动）可推知，此处需说明两人的视力状况。选项F“李完全失明，朱仅能看见一点。”与后文朱使用手杖的行为逻辑一致，故选F。 29．根据“The robot dog will make it easier to get into public places… It could change our lives in the near future”（机器人导盲犬将更方便进入公共场所……可能改变我们的生活）可推知，此处需表达测试者的积极态度。选项A“我很高兴参与测试。”符合语境，故选A。 30．根据“In China, there are about 17.31 million blind people, but only about 400 guide dogs… ‘We believe our robot will act as a pair of eyes’”（中国有1731万盲人，但仅400只导盲犬……“我们相信机器人将成为盲人的‘眼睛’）可推知，此处需说明机器人解决导盲犬短缺问题。选项E“新机器人正试图解决这一问题。”与数据对比和科学家目标直接对应，故选E。 31．modernization 【解析】句意：这座城市的现代化令人惊叹。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词形式，作主语，modernization“现代化”符合。故填modernization。 32．knowledgeable 【解析】句意：他虽然年轻，但知识渊博。句中“is”为系动词，后面跟形容词作表语。名词knowledge的形容词为knowledgeable，意为“博学的”。故填knowledgeable。 33．progress 【解析】句意：这座城市在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。progress“进步”，progress为不可数名词，在句中作made的宾语。故填progress。 34．education 【解析】句意：贫困地区的孩子希望接受良好的教育。receive“接受”，是动词，后接名词；educate是动词，其名词形式是education，意为“教育”。故填education。 35．development 【解析】句意：中国的发展令世界瞩目。空前的China’s是所有格形式，其后接名词，所以空处应用develop的名词形式development，此处表示“发展”的整体概念，无需复数形式。故填development。 36．condition 【解析】句意：如果你想掌握新技能，适当的训练是一个重要的条件。根据中文提示“条件”可知，对应的英文单词为“condition”。“condition”表示“条件”时为可数名词，空格前有不定冠词“an”，故用单数形式。故填condition。 37．century 【解析】句意：梅兰芳的表演在20世纪受到人们欢迎。century“百年”，根据“in the 20th”可知，名词用单数形式。故填century。 38．developed 【解析】句意：经过多年的艰苦工作，科学家们终于开发了一种能挽救数百万生命的治疗方法。开发：develop，句子时态为一般过去时，动词使用过去式。故填developed。 39．except 【解析】句意：全班同学昨天都很享受春游，除了西蒙，他因为发烧没去。except“除了……以外”，介词。故填except。 40．wide 【解析】句意：现在是晚上十一点，我的小妹妹还在玩，眼睛睁得大大地！根据中文提示，wide“充分地”符合题意，描述眼睛状态时，“wide open”是固定搭配，表示“眼睛睁得大大地”，故填wide。 41．In this century 【解析】in this century“在这个世纪”，作状语，句首首字母大写。故填In this century。 42．development 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少内容“发展”，development“发展”，此处表示“学生的发展”。故填development。 43．modern 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“现代的”的英文modern，修饰名词art class。故填modern。 44．further their education 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处应填“深造”的英文表达，其英文表达是“further one’s education”，动词短语；又因为“choose to do sth.”表示“选择做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填further their education。 45．development 【解析】根据题干可知，空处缺少“发展”，应用名词development表示，固定搭配the development of表示“……的发展”。故填development。 46．changed 47．wide 48．used 49．conditions 50．development 51．modern 52．memories 53．although 54．imagine 55．belong 【导语】本文描述了现在生活相比过去所发生的巨大变化。 46．句意：在过去的几十年里，我们的生活发生了很大的变化。根据所给词和句中“a lot in the past few decades”可知，此句是说过去几十年中，生活发生了很大改变。根据“has”可知，此句用现在完成时，其构成为“has/have done”。故填changed。 47．句意：在过去，道路不宽，人们常常骑自行车或步行。根据所给词和句中“by bike or on foot”可知，此句是说过去道路不宽。wide“宽的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故填wide。 48．句意：在过去，道路不宽，人们常常骑自行车或步行。根据所给词和句中“to travel”可知，此句是说人们过去常常骑自行车或步行。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，故填used。 49．句意：房子很小，居住条件也不是很好。根据所给词和句中“were not very good”可知，此句是说居住条件也不好。condition“条件，状况”，根据系动词“were”可知，应用复数形式。故填conditions。 50．句意：如今，随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。根据所给词和句中“of technology”可知，此句是说随着科技的发展。develop“发展”，动词，根据定冠词“the”可知，此处用名词development。故填development。 51．句意：我们住在现代化的大楼里，可以乘汽车、火车或飞机来长途旅行。根据所给词和前句“our life is becoming more and more convenient”和句中“buildings”可知，此句是说住在现代化的大楼里。modern“现代的”，形容词，在句中作定语。故填modern。 52．句意：虽然现在的生活好多了，但我仍然对过去有许多甜蜜的回忆。根据所给词和句中“of the past,”可知，此句是说仍然对过去有许多甜蜜的回忆。memory“回忆”，可数名词，根据修饰词“many”可知，用复数形式。故填memories。 53．句意：虽然现在的生活好多了，但我仍然对过去有许多甜蜜的回忆。根据所给词和句中“life now is better”可知，此句是说虽然现在生活好多了。although“虽然，即使”，引导让步状语从句。故填although。 54．句意：很难想象未来的生活会是什么样子。根据所给词和句中“It's hard to”可知，此句是说很难想象未来生活的样子。imagine“想象”，动词，此处用动词不定式作真正的主语，句中“It”为形式主语。故填imagine。 55．句意：这些美好的东西属于我们所有人。根据所给词和句中“to all of us”可知，此句是说这些美好的东西属于我们所有人。belong to“属于”，动词短语，此句为一般现在时，主语“these wonderful things”不是第三人称单数，belong用原形。故填belong。 56．simply 57．led 58．a 59．tourists 60．have lived 61．when 62．taking 63．safety 64．on 65．peaceful 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去年和朋友在日本度假时住在民宿的经历，以及与民宿主人的相处情况。 56．句意：我们选择它仅仅是因为它的位置很好。根据“We chose it...(simple) because”可知，此处需用副词修饰整个原因状语从句，“simple”的副词形式是“simply”，意为“仅仅；只”。故填simply。 57．句意：我们见面后，他带我们进了他的房子。根据“After we met each other, he...(lead) us into his house”可知，文章描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，“lead”的过去式是“led”。故填led。 58．句意：67岁退休后，他和妻子一起进行了一次1000公里的徒步旅行。根据“...1,000-kilometer journey”可知，“a”表示泛指“一次1000公里的旅行”，“1,000-kilometer”是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 59．句意：他们在旅途中遇到了许多善良的游客。根据“many kind...(tour)”可知，“many”后接可数名词复数，“tour”的名词形式是“tourist”，复数为“tourists”。故填tourists。 60．句意：Joyato博士告诉我：“自从我们有了这个民宿，来自44个不同国家的大约170人住过我家。”根据“since we had this homestay”可知，此处需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“About 170 people”是复数，“live”的过去分词是“lived”。故填have lived。 61．句意：第二天早上，当我早上6点醒来时，房东正忙着为我们准备早餐！根据“...I woke up at 6:00 am, our host was busy preparing breakfast”可知，“when”意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。 62．句意：最后一天，我们考虑骑自行车，但Joyato博士认为他应该关心我们的安全，所以他带我们参观了这座城市。根据“considered...(take) a bicycle ride”可知，“consider doing sth.”是固定短语，意为“考虑做某事”，“take”的动名词形式是“taking”。故填taking。 63．句意：最后一天，我们考虑骑自行车，但Joyato博士认为他应该关心我们的安全，所以他带我们参观了这座城市。根据“care about our...(safe)”可知，“our”后接名词，“safe”的名词形式是“safety”，意为“安全”。故填safety。 64．句意：在整个假期里，我们和这对夫妇相处得很好。根据“got...well with the couple”可知，“on”用于“get on well with”短语中，意为“与……相处融洽”。故填on。 65．句意：如果每个人都对别人表现出一颗善良的心，我们会使我们的世界成为一个和平的地方。根据“a...(peace) place”可知，此处需用形容词修饰“place”，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“和平的”。故填peaceful。 66．Xiao Jingheng often had to run to the toilet and then back to class with no time for anything else before. 67．The break at primary and middle school in Beijing now is 15 minutes. 68．Zhang Boren can play with animals between classes. 69．Getting closer to nature is relaxing. 70．Yes, I do. Because longer breaks can help me relax and have more time to communicate with my classmates. (开放性问题，根据自身情况回答) 【导语】本文介绍了现在北京中小学生的课间休息时间变长了，这样学生可以花更多的时间在户外，因此他们会更健康，更快乐。 66．根据“Xiao Jingsheng, a student fromBeijing. often had to run to the toilet and then back to class with no time for anything else before.”可知，肖静生以前在课间经常要跑上厕所，然后再回到教室，没有时间做其他事情。故填Xiao Jingheng often had to run to the toilet and then back to class with no time for anything else before. 67．根据“Starting from this fall semester (学期) , students at primary and middle schools in Beijing have longer breaks between classes. They can rest for 15 minutes.”可知，现在北京的中小学课件是15分钟，故填The break at primary and middle school in Beijing now is 15 minutes. 68．根据“‘We have some ducks and rabbits in our school!’ said Zhang Boren, a 13-year-old from Beijing.”可知，张伯仁可以在课间玩动物。故填Zhang Boren can play with animals between classes. 69．根据“Getting closer to nature is relaxing.”可知，接近自然是令人放松的。故填Getting closer to nature is relaxing. 70．开放性习题，答案不唯一，参考答案为：Yes, I do. Because longer breaks can help me relax and have more time to communicate with my classmates. 71．例文 How to live a healthy and happy life Hi, my dear classmates, Now we are paying more and more attention to our health. Then how can we students live a healthy and happy life? It is important to keep our bodies healthy. We need to eat healthy food , and we also have some good eating habits. We’d better eat three meals a day on time . We need to exercise in a right way every day. For example, we can run for 30 minutes every morning or play sports after school. We still need enough sleep every day. I hope everyone can have a healthy body, and then we can have a healthy and happy life every day. That’s all. Thank you! 【解析】[总体分析]   ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿；   ②时态：主要为“一般现在时”；   ③提示：围绕学生如何过上健康快乐的生活展开论述，内容完整，逻辑清晰，语言简洁易懂，符合演讲面向同学的口语化表达需求。   [写作步骤]   第一步，提出问题：通过设问“学生如何过上健康快乐生活”直接点明演讲核心话题，快速抓住听众注意力。   第二步，分层论述：从饮食、运动、睡眠三个基础维度展开。   第三步，总结升华：以“拥有健康身体”为前提，重申“健康快乐生活”的愿景。 [亮点词汇]   ①pay attention to 关注 ②on time 按时 ③for example 例如 [高分句型]   ①It is important to keep our bodies healthy.（it固定句型） ②I hope everyone can have a healthy body, and then we can have a healthy and happy life every day.（宾语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$