内容正文:
现在分词作定语和表语
现在分词的本质与特征
- 定义:动词加“ing”构成的非谓语形式,不能作谓语
- 核心含义:表“主动关系”(逻辑主语是动作发出者)或“动作正在进行”
- 特征:保留动词属性(可带宾语/状语),具有形容词/副词性质
- 例句:
- She saw a falling leaf.(falling表主动、进行)
- The story is touching.(touching表性质)
现在分词作定语(一):单个分词作定语
- 位置:通常置于被修饰名词前
- 功能:说明名词的“动作状态”或“固有特征”
- 例句:
- a barking dog(正在吠的狗,表进行)
- an inviting smell(诱人的气味,表特征)
- 转换:可改为主动意义的定语从句
→ a dog that is barking
现在分词作定语(二):分词短语作定语
- 位置:置于被修饰名词后(相当于后置定语)
- 功能:描述名词“正在进行的动作”或“所处状态”,逻辑上为主动关系
- 例句:
- The girl dancing on the stage is my cousin.(正在舞台上跳舞的女孩)
- I hate the noise coming from the next room.(来自隔壁的噪音)
- 转换:The girl who is dancing on the stage...
与过去分词(done)作定语的区别 - 现在分词(doing):表主动关系或动作正在进行(名词是动作的发出者)。例:a burning candle(燃烧的蜡烛,蜡烛主动发出“燃烧”的动作)- 过去分词(done):表被动关系或动作已完成(名词是动作的承受者)。例:a burnt candle(烧完的蜡烛,蜡烛被动承受“燃烧”的结果)
现在分词作表语(一):基本用法
- 位置:位于系动词(be/look/seem/sound等)后
- 功能:描述主语的“性质”“状态”或“给人的感受”
- 主语特征:多为事物(表“令人……的”),偶尔指人(表“本身具有……特征”)
- 例句:
- The movie is thrilling.(电影很刺激)
- His speech was inspiring.(他的演讲令人鼓舞)
- He is annoying(他很烦人)
与“be + 现在分词”(现在进行时)的区别
现在分词作表语:是形容词化的状态描述,不强调动作正在进行,句子无明确的时间指向。例:The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣,表性质)
现在进行时(be + doing):是谓语动词的时态,强调动作“正在进行”,有明确的时间暗示。例:She is reading the interesting book.(她正在读那本有趣的书,表动作)
与过去分词(done)作表语的区别 - 现在分词(doing):表“令人……的”(主语是事物,描述事物给人的感受)。例:The movie is exciting.(电影令人兴奋)- 过去分词(done):表“感到……的”(主语是人,描述人的感受)。例:We are excited about the movie.(我们为这部电影感到兴奋)
1. The ______ (laugh) children attracted everyone’s attention.
2. I can’t stand the noise ______ (come) from the construction site.
3. The story he told was so ______ (move) that many cried.
4. Do you know the boy ______ (play) the guitar over there?
5. Her ______ (excite) voice showed she won the game.
1. laughing(现在分词作定语,修饰children,表主动“正在笑的”)
2. coming(现在分词短语作定语,修饰noise,表主动“来自……的”)
3. moving(现在分词作表语,表“令人感动的”,主语是story)
4. playing(现在分词短语作定语,修饰boy,表“正在弹吉他的”)
5. exciting(现在分词作定语,修饰voice,表“令人兴奋的”)
1. The ______ (burn) building was surrounded by firefighters.
2. This song sounds ______ (relax), so I often listen to it.
3. Do you like the painting ______ (hang) on the wall?
4. The ______ (disappoint) result made us quiet.
5. Those ______ (wait) for the bus are getting impatient.
1. burning(现在分词作定语,表“正在燃烧的”,building主动发出动作)
2. relaxing(现在分词作表语,表“令人放松的”,主语是song)
3. hanging(现在分词短语作定语,修饰painting,表“挂在墙上的”)
4. disappointing(现在分词作定语,表“令人失望的”,修饰result)
5. waiting(现在分词短语作定语,修饰those,表“正在等公交车的”)
1. We met a group of ______ (travel) students on the way.
2. The film about space is ______ (fascinate).
3. The man ______ (stand) at the door is our new teacher.
4. Her ______ (tire) face showed she worked all night.
5. The ______ (fall) snow covers the whole village.
1. traveling(现在分词作定语,表“旅行的”)
2. fascinating(现在分词作表语,表“令人着迷的”)
3. standing(现在分词短语作定语,表“站在门口的”)
4. tiring(现在分词作定语,表“令人疲惫的”,修饰face)
5. falling(现在分词作定语,表“正在下的”,修饰snow)
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