第03讲 新增课标词+高考熟词生义（复习讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第03讲 新增课标词+高考熟词生义+常见俚语 目录 01 2 02 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 考点一 新增课标词 3 知识点1 首字母a~c 4 知识点2 首字母d~k 7 知识点3 首字母l~s 13 知识点4 首字母t~w 20 考点二 高考熟词生义 24 知识点1 2025年高考真题熟词生义 24 知识点2 2024年高考真题熟词生义 29 知识点3 2023年高考真题熟词生义 36 知识点4 2022年高考真题熟词生义 40 考点三 常见俚语 55 知识点1 首字母a~h开头 52 知识点2 首字母i~w开头 55 04 真题溯源 考向感知 58 考情分析 从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解的难度都比较大，涉及文章的题材多样，有应用文、记叙文、普通说明文，科普说明文，研究报告等。词汇有新增课标词及熟词生义，还涉及到很多常用的俚语。如： 2025新高考I卷部分长词示例：automobile汽车; breakdown故障；分解; lightweight轻量的; sustainable可持续的；comparatively相对地；crucially至关重要的；persuasive有说服力的；upgrade升级；a quick pick-me-up提神的东西；cutting-edge尖端的；contemporary当代的； 2025新高考I卷部分熟词生义：.champion [熟义]n.冠军； [生义]捍卫;支持 （阅读理解C 篇)“Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion 'New York as a decent place to live”“简·雅各布斯呼吁她的市长支持‘纽约是一个适宜居住的地方’”。 2025 新高考I卷七选五：hit [熟义h.打;击[生义]n.成功;走红的事物 “I am sure it will be a hit in the newspaper!” “我肯定这会在报纸上大受欢迎！” 2025年新高考II卷部分词汇示例：address设法解决；eateries餐馆；stronghold要塞；据点；medieval中古的；unused未用过的；tailor-made特制的；ingredient原料；well-being健康，幸福；surgery外科学；free-range散养；ship out发出；发货；exclusively唯一地，专门地 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷长词示例： mental aspect 心理方面 hypothesis n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提 mindset n. 观念模式，思维倾向，心态 engaging adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣(engage的ing形式)；预订 demonstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 identical adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的 对阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类、科技科普、环保生态类等话题高频词汇的精准掌握有助于快速理解文章内容，正确解题。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握阅读理解新增课标词。 2. 牢记高频熟词生义词，并学会根据语境推断熟词生义。 3. 熟练掌握常用俚语。 考点一 阅读理解新增课标词 知识点1 首字母a~c A absolutely  adv  完全地；绝对地; 确实 according to   prep 按照；根据 actually  adv 实际上；事实上 addict  n [C] 吸毒上瘾的人；对……着迷的人 adorable   adj 讨人喜欢的；可爱的 ambitious  adj 有抱负的；野心勃勃的 anticipate  vt 期待；预期；预料 apparently  adv 看来 (好像)；显然；据说 assign  vt 分配；分派 【2025年新高考II卷】Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments;有些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业； B barely  adv 仅仅；勉强；几乎没有 bet   ■ vi & vt (用……) 打赌；(与……) 打赌; vt 敢说；确信 ■ n [C] 打赌；赌金： blog  n [C] (计算机) 网络日志；博客 boost  vt 使增长；使兴旺 【2025年新高考II卷】They boosted the sales of cars.他们提高了汽车的销量。 C calendar  n [C] 日历；历法 calligraphy  n [U] 书法 calorie  n [C] 卡路里 (食物的热量单位) campus   n [C] & [U] (大学、学院的) 校园；校区 capable   adj 有能力的；能干的  【2025年新高考II卷】Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 志愿服务让你觉得自己有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天。 capacity   n [C] & [U] 容量；能力 career   n [C] 事业；职业； 生涯；(一段) 工作经历 cease   vi & vt 停止；终止；结束 celebrity   n [C] 名人；名流 certainly   adv 必然；肯定地；当然；没问题 charity  n  [U] 慈善 (事业)；[C] 慈善机构 / 团体；[U] 慈悲；宽容 cite vt  引用 claim   ■ vt 声称；宣称；vt & vi (根据权利) 要求；索要；认领；vt 夺去 (生命) ■ n [C]  声称；断言；(对事物的) 权利；所有权； 要求；索赔 client  n [C] 委托人；顾客；客户 clue  n [C] 线索；提示 collapse vi 倒塌；崩溃；瓦解 column n [C] 柱；圆柱；柱状物； (表格等的) 栏；列；(报刊等的) 专栏 comic   ■ adj 滑稽的； ■ n [C] 连环漫画 community   n  [C] 社区;群体；团体；界;  [与the连用] 社会；公众 comparison  n [C] & [U] 比较；比拟 complain  vi & vt 抱怨 complicated   adj 复杂的；难懂的 compose  vt  构成；组成；vt & vi 创作 (乐曲、诗歌等)；vt 撰写 comprehensive   ■ adj 全面的；综合 (性) 的： ■ n [C] 综合中学 comprise vt 包括；构成 confidence  n [U] 信赖；信任; 自信；信心；确信；把握 Confucianism n [U] 孔子学说；儒教 Confucius n 孔子 confused adj 困惑的；糊涂的；混乱的；难懂的 consultation  n [U] 商量；咨询 consumption  n [U] 消费(量)；消耗 (量) contact ■ n [U] 触碰；接触；[U] 联系；联络；交往；[C] 社会关系；门路；熟人 ■ vt (用电话、信件等) 联系 / 联络 (某人) contest  n [C] 比赛；竞争；竞赛 context  n [C] & [U] (文章的) 上下文；语境；(事情发生的) 背景 contract   ■ n [C] 契约；合同 ■ vi 缩小；收缩；vi & vt 签 (合同) contrast   ■ vt & vi (使) 形成对照；(使) 形成对比 ■ n [C] & [U] 差异；对比；对照 cooperate  vi 合作；协作；配合 core ■ n [C] 果核；核心；最重要的部分 ■ adj 基础的；核心的 corporate adj 公司的；团体的 costume  n [C] & [U] (某地或某历史时期的) 服装；戏装 council  n [C] 委员会；理事会；(英国的) 地方议会 county  n [C] (英国的) 郡；(美国的) 县 coverage  n [U] 覆盖 (范围)；新闻报道；保险 (范围) creative  adj 有创造力的；创造性的 crisis n [C] & [U] 危机；紧要关头 critical   adj 批判的；挑剔的；紧要的；关键的 criticize / criticise  vi & vt 批评；批判；指责；vt 评价；评论 (艺术作品等) crucial  adj 关键性的；至关重要的 current   ■ adj 现时的；当前的；现行的；通用的；流通的；流行的 ■ n [C] 水流；电流；气流 cute adj 漂亮的；逗人喜爱的 知识点2 首字母d~j D decent   adj 正派的；得体的；相当好的 definitely  adv 确切地；肯定地 definition  n [C] & [U] 释义；定义 demonstrate  vt 证明；论证；vt 示范；演示；显示；vi 示威；示威游行 deny   vt 否认；否定；拒绝承认；拒绝接受；拒绝给予： depress  vt 将 (某物) 压下；推下；拉下；使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使萧条；削弱 despite   prep 不管；尽管；任凭 detail  n [C] 细节；琐事；[U] 详情 detect  vt 察觉；发现；侦查出 device  n [C] 装置；设备；仪器 dining  n [U] 进餐 discipline  n  [U] 训练；管教；纪律；[C] 训练办法；[U] 自制力 display ■ n [C] 陈列；展览；表演； (特性、情感或能力的) 显示；表露 ■ vt 陈列；展览；显示 distinct  adj 明显不同的；截然不同的；明显的；清楚的 distribution  n [U] 分配；配送；[C] & [U] 分布 dolphin  n [C] 海豚 domain   n [C] 领地；领域： domestic  adj 家务的；家养的；本国的；国内的 dominate  vi & vt 支配；控制；vt (山、塔等) 高出于；俯视 dragon   n [C] 龙 drama  n  [C] (一出) 戏；戏剧性事件；[U] 戏剧；戏剧艺术；戏剧文学 dramatic  adj 戏剧的；戏剧性的；给人印象深刻的 drought  n [U] & [C] 干旱；旱灾 duration  n [U] 持续；期间 E ease ■ n [U] 舒适；悠闲；自在；容易；不费力 ■ vi & vt 减轻；缓解；(使) 小心缓慢地移动 economic  adj 经济 (学) 的；经济上的；有利可图的；合算的 efficient  adj 有效率的；高效能的 elderly  adj  (人) 较老的；上了年纪的 election  n [C] & [U] 选举；推选 element  n [C] 要素；基本部分；(化学) 元素 elsewhere  adv 在别处；到别处 embarrassed  adj 尴尬的 emerge  vi 浮现；出现；(问题等) 冒出；兴起 emotion  n [C] & [U] 感情；情绪；激情 emphasis  n [C] & [U] 强调；重视；重读；重音；加重语气 enable  vt 使能够；使成为可能 encounter   ■ vt 遇到 (问题等)；偶然碰到 (某人) ■ n [C] 相遇；邂逅 engage  vt & vi (使) 参加；(使) 参与；vt 吸引 (住) ；vt 雇用；聘请 English ■ n [U] & [C] 英语；英文；[U] 英语学科； (the English) 英格兰人 ■ adj 英语的；英格兰 (人) 的；英国 (人) 的 enhance   vt 增强 enormous    adj 巨大的；庞大的 ensure    vt 确保；保证 entirely  adv 全部地；完全地 entitle   vt 给……取名 / 命名；使……有权利 / 资格 episode  n [C] (电视连续剧或广播剧的) 一集 equator   n [用单数，常用作the equator] 赤道 establish  vt 建立；创立；设立；确立；立足；得到认可 essential  adj 必不可少的；最重要的；本质的 establish vt  建立；创立；设立；确立；立足；得到认可 estate  n  [C] 庄园；种植园；[C] 房地产；上有大片建筑物的土地；[C] & [U] 个人全部财产 (尤指遗产) estimate ■ vt 估计；估算；估价 ■ n [C] 估计；估算；估价 eve  n [C] (节日或重大事件的) 前夜；前夕 exactly   adv 确切地；恰好；正是 exceptional  adj 杰出的；罕见的 excited  adj 兴奋的；激动的 exciting  adj 令人兴奋的；使人激动的 expansion   n [C] & [U] 扩大；扩张；扩充 exposure  n [U] 暴露；显露；[U] 揭露；揭发 extend  vt 伸开；展开；伸出；vt & vi (使) 延伸；(使) 延长；vt & vi (使) 扩大；(使) 扩展 external  adj 外 (面) 的；外部的 extinction  n [U] 灭绝；消亡 extremely   adv 极其；非常 F fabric  n [U] & [C] 织物；织品；结构 facilitate  vt 促进；使便利 facility   n [C] [复数] 设施；设备; (用于某种活动、行业或服务的) 场所；建筑 factor   n [C] 因素；要素 fashion  n  [U] & [C] (服饰等的) 流行式样；最新款式；[C] (谈吐、行为等的) 时尚；[U] 时装业 feature ■ n [C] 特征；特点；面貌的一部分 (指眼、口、鼻等)；面貌 (特征)；(报纸、电视等的) 特写；专题节目 ■  vt 是……的特征；以……为特色；vi 起重要作用；占重要地位 finally  adv 最后；最终 finding  n [C] 发现；调查 / 研究结果 flavo(u)r  n [C] & [U] 味道；风味；特点 formal   adj 正式的；正式场合用的；正规的；形式 (上) 的 fortunately  adv 幸运地；幸亏 foundation  n  [U] 创建；创办；[C] & [U] 基础；基本原则；根据；[C] 地基；房基；[C] 基金会 frank  adj 坦白的；直率的 frequency  n [U] & [C] 频繁；发生率 frequently  adv 频繁地；经常地 frightened  adj 受惊的；害怕的 fund ■ n [C] 基金；专款；[复数] 资金；基金会 ■ vt 为……提供资金；资助 G gap  n [C] 缺口；间隔；差距；分歧 gender   n [C] & [U] 性别 generate  vt 产生；创造 genius   n [U] 天才；天赋；[C] 天才人物 genuine  adj 真 (实) 的；真诚的 global  adj 全球的；全世界的；全面的；总体的 grab  vt 抓住；(因忙碌而) 匆忙地吃 / 喝 gradually   adv 逐渐地 grandparent  n [C] (外) 祖父；(外) 祖母 greenhouse  n [C] 温室；暖房 guideline  n [C] 指导方针；指导原则 guy  n [C] 男人；小伙子；家伙；伙计 H habitat  n [C] & [U] (动物) 栖息地；(植物) 生长地 harmonious adj 协调的；和谐的；和睦的 hence  adv  因此；所以 highlight ■ vt 突出；强调；使醒目 ■ n [C] 最精彩的场面 / 部分 highly   adv 很；非常；高度地 hike ■ vi 徒步旅行 ■ n [C] 徒步 historic   adj [常用于名词前]历史上著名的；有历史意义的 household   ■ n [C] 一家人；家庭 ■ adj  家庭的；家用的 housing  n [U] 住房；房屋 humble  adj 谦卑的；地位低下的 I ideal   ■ adj 理想的；完美的 ■ n [C] 理想；想象中的人 / 事物 identical  adj 同一的；完全相同的 identify  vt 认出；识别；确认；找出；表明……的身份 illustrate  vt 给……作插图；(用示例、图画等) 说明；解释 image  n [C] & [U] 影像；图像；形象；印象 impact  n [U] & [C]撞击 (力)；冲击 (力)；影响；作用 imply   vt 含有……的意思；暗示；暗指；说明；表明 incredible  adj 难以置信的；无法相信的；极好的 individual   ■ adj [只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的 ■ n [C] 个人；个体；人 infection  n [U] 传染；[C] 传染病 infer   vt 推断 influential   adj 有影响的；有势力的 initiative  n [C] 倡议；[U] 主动性 inner  adj 内部的；内心的 innovation  n [C] 新观念 / 方法；[U] 创新；革新 input  n [C] & [U] 投入 (时间、知识等)；(计算机) 输入 inquire vi & vt 询问；打听 insight   n [C] 顿悟；[U] 洞察力；眼光 inspection   n [U] & [C] 视察；检查 instance   n [C] 例子；事例 integrate   vi & vt (使) 结合；(使) 合并 integrity   [U] 完整；完好；诚实；正直 intelligent   adj 聪明的；有才智的；有智力的 intense   adj 强烈的；激烈的 interaction  n [C] & [U] 交流；互动；相互作用 internal  adj 内部的；体内的；内心的 interpret  vt 解释；阐述；vt & vi (口头) 翻译 intervention   n [C] & [U] 干涉；干预；介入 investigate   vt & vi 调查；侦查；调查研究 investment   n [U] 投资；[C] 投资额；投资物 involve   vt 包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加 issue ■ n [C] 议题；争论的问题 (尤指社会或政治方面)；(令人担忧的) 问题；(报刊的) 号；版次 ■ vt 公布；发布；(正式) 发给；供给 item  n [C] (表格、目录、数据等的) 项目；细目；一件商品 / 物品；一条 / 一则 (新闻) J joint   ■ n [C] 关节；接缝；接合处 ■ adj [只用于名词前] 联合的；共同的 journal  n [C] 日报；杂志；期刊；日志；日记 justify vt 证明…正当 / 有理；为……辩护；对……作出解释 K kit n [C] & [U] 成套工具；成套设备 知识点3 首字母l~s L label ■ n [C] 标签；标记 ■ vt 贴标签于；用标签标明 landscape n [C] 风景；风景画 landslide  n [C] 塌方；滑坡；压倒的优胜 (尤指竞选中选票的一面倒) laptop  n [C] 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 launch   ■ vt 使 (船) 下水；发射；发动；创办；把……投放市场 ■ n [C] [常用单数] 发射；(新产品的) 投放市场；(新书的) 发行 leadership n [U] 领导；领导力；领导 leisure  n [U] 闲暇；业余时间 limited adj 有限的；不多的 literally  adv 照字义；根据字面意思 living ■ adj 活的；活着的；在使用的 ■ n [C] & [U] 生活；生计；[the living] 活着的人 loan  n [C] 贷款；借款 location   n [C] 地点；位置 log  vt & vi 记录 logical  adj (符合) 逻辑的；合乎情理的 lower   ■ adj [low的比较级] 较低的；较下的；较低级的 ■ vt  把……放低；把……降下；降低；减低 (价格、声音等) lunar   adj 月球的；以月球公转测度的 luxury   n [U] 奢侈；奢华；[C] 奢侈品 M maintain vt 保持；维持；维护；保养；坚持认为 massive  adj 大而重的；大规模的；巨大的 mechanical   adj 机械方面的；用机械的；机械似的 membership  n [U] 会员身份；会员；会员数 military  adj 军事的；军用的 minor   adj  较小 / 少的；轻微的 missing  adj 丢失的；失踪的；缺少的 mission   n [C] 任务；使命；职责 mobile phone  n [C] 移动电话；手机 mode   n [C] 方式；运行方式；模式 monthly   ■ adj 每月的；按月的 ■ adv 每月；每月一次 ■ n [C] 月刊 mood  n [C] 心情；情绪；心境 moreover  adv 再者；而且 mostly  adv 主要地；多半 motion  n [C] & [U] 动；运动；动作 motivate   vt 使有动力；激发；激励 motive  n [C] 动机；目的 mount  n (缩写为Mt) 山；峰 multiple   ■ adj 多个 (人 / 事件 / 物组成) 的 ■ n [C] 倍数 muscle  n [C] 肌肉；[U] 体力；力气 N negative   adj 否定的；负面的；消极的 ；(电) 负的；(医) 阴性的 nevertheless    adv 然而；不过 O objective   ■ n [C] 目的；目标  ■ adj 客观的 obviously  adv 显而易见地 occasion  n [C] (某事发生的) 时刻；场合；时机；机会；重大 / 特殊活动；盛会odd  adj 奇怪的；怪异的；偶尔发生的；(一双或一套中) 不成对的 online   ■ adj 在线的；联网的 ■ adv 在网上 opponent  n [C] 对手；反对者 opportunity  n [C] & [U] 机会；时机 option  n [C] & [U] 选择 organic  adj  器官的；有机的；不使用化肥的 original ■ adj 最初的；原先的；原创的；原作的；新颖的；创新的；独特的 ■ n [C] 原文；原作；原稿 overall ■ adj  全部的；全面的 ■ adv 总共； 总的说来 overseas   ■ adv 在国外；向海外 ■ adj 海外的；国外的 P panel  n [C] 嵌板；镶板；专家咨询小组 passion  n [C] & [U] 激情；热爱 peak ■ n [C] 山峰；山顶； 高峰；顶峰 ■ adj 最高的；高峰的 ■ vi 达到最高点；达到高峰 perceive  vt  察觉；发觉；看待；理解 personality  n [C] & [U]个性；人格 pessimistic  adj 悲观的 phase  n [C] 阶段；时期 philosophy  n [U] 哲学；[C] 哲学体系；[U] & [C] 人生哲学；(生活、工作的) 准则 player n [C] 比赛者；选手；演员；演奏者；播放机 poetry  n [U] 诗歌 polar  adj 极地的；近极地的 pose ■ vi 摆好姿势；佯装： ■ n [C] 姿势；姿态；假装 precisely  adv 精确地；确切地；恰好 prior  adj  先前的；早前的 priority  n [C] 优先事项； [U] 优先权 proceed   vi 继续；继续做；继续进行 professional   ■ adj 职业的；专业的 ■ n [C] 专业人士；职业选手 profile  n [C] 侧面 (像)；外形；轮廓；简介；概况 proof   n [U] & [C] 证明；证据 property  n [U] 财产；资产；(房)地产 proposal  n [C] & [U] 建议；提议 prospect  n [U] 可能性；预期；设想；[C] 前景；前途；[C]视野；景色 protein  n [C] & [U] 蛋白质 protest ■ vi & vt 抗议；反对 ■ n [C] & [U] 抗议；反对 pudding  n [C] & [U] 布丁 pursue津   vt 追求；(继续) 从事；追赶；追捕 Q qualify vt & vi (使) 具有资格；(使) 合格 quote   ■ vt & vi 引用；援引 ■ n [C] 引语；引文 R rating  n [C] 等级；级别 reaction  n [U] & [C] 反应；作用 realistic   adj 现实的；实际的；现实主义的；逼真的 recall  vt 回忆；回想；召回；收回 recently   adv 近来；最近 recognition    n [U] 认出；识别；承认 recording  n [U] 记录；录制；[C] 录制品 region   n [C] 地区；地带；行政区; 范围；领域 release   ■ vt 放开；松开；放出；排放；释放；首映 (电影)；发行 (CD、书等)；发布 (新闻等) ■ n  [U] 放走；释放；排放；宣泄；[U] 发行；发布；[C] 发行的影片等；发布的新闻等 remarkable  adj 非凡的；卓越的；引人注目的 resident n [C] 居民；住户 resistance  n [U] 反抗；抵制 resolution n [C] & [U] 解决；决心 resolve vt 解决；vt & vi 决心；决定 resource   n [C] 资源；物力；财力 respective  adj 各自的 response  n [C] & [U] 回答；反应 responsible  adj 有责任的；尽责的；作为原由的 restore  vt 恢复；修复 restrict  vt 限制；约束 reveal  vt 揭露；泄露 revise  vi & vt 复习；温习；vt 修订；修正 romantic  adj 浪漫的；传奇 (式) 的；浪漫主义的；不切实际的；虚构的 route  n [C] & [U] 路线；路程；航线；途径 rural   adj 农村的；乡村的 S sample n [C] 样本；样品；试用品 saving  n [C] 节约；节省物；[复数]储蓄金；存款 secondary adj 中等的；次要的；第二位的 series   n [C] [单复数同] 一系列；连续 setting n [C] 环境；背景 shift   ■ vi & vt (使) 转移；(使) 移动；vi & vt (使) 改变 ■ n [C] 转移；转换；[C] 班；轮班；[U] (计算机) 转换 (键) shortage n [C] & [U] 不足；缺乏；短缺 sign   ■ n [C] 符号； 指示牌；标记；(头、手、眼等的) 示意动作；手势；[C] & [U] 迹象；征兆 ■ vt & vi 签 (名)；签字 (于信、文件等)；示意；以手势表示 significant  adj 重要的；重大的；显著的；(数量) 大的 site  n [C] 地点；遗址；网站 slightly  adv 略微；稍微 snack  n [C] 小吃；点心 solution   n [C] 解答；解决方法 solve  vt 解决；解答 somewhat    adv 稍微；有点 source  n [C] 源头；发源地；来源；根源；原因；消息来源；原始资料 species  [C] (动植物的)物种；种 stability  [U] 稳定 (性)；固定 (性) stimulate  vt 刺激；激发；促进 stomachache  n [U] & [C] 胃痛；腹痛 strategy   n [C] 战略；策略 stretch   ■ vt & vi (被) 拉长；伸；延 ■ n [C] & [U] 伸长；延伸；伸展；连绵 structure  n [C] & [U] 结构；构造；[C] 建筑物 stuff  n [U] 东西；物品 subsequent  adj 继……之后的；随后的  substance  n [C] 物质；东西；[U] 事实基础；根据 substantial   adj 大量的；多的 suburb  n [C] [常用复数] 市郊；郊区 subway n [C] 地道；地铁 sufficient   adj 足够的；充足的 sum ■ n [C] 算术；总数；总和；全部 ■ sum up 总结；概括 surf  vi & vt 冲浪 surgery  n [U] 外科手术；[C] 诊所 survey ■ n [C] 调查；全面审视；测量；勘测 ■ vt 调查；全面审视；测量；勘测 suspend  vt 悬挂；暂停；中止 sustain   vt 保持；维持 swimming  n [U] 游泳 知识点4 首字母t~w T tackle  vt 处理 / 对付 (难题)；抢断 territory  n [C] & [U] 领土；版图；领地；(具有某种特性的) 地区；区域 thirsty   adj 渴的； 缺水的；干旱的；渴求的；渴望的 threat  n [C] & [U] 威胁；恐吓；[C] 构成威胁的人 / 事物；[U] & [C] 凶兆 threaten  vt 威胁；恐吓；危及到；vt & vi 预示 (……的) 凶兆 tone  n [C] 音调；语调；腔调；语气 U ultimately  adv 最后；最终 usually  adv 通常 V variation  n [C] & [U] 变化；差别 vary  vi (大小、形状等) 相异；不同；vi 变化；vt 改变 venue   n [C] 举办地点；举行场地 virtual  adj 几乎的；虚拟的 visible  adj 看得见的；明显的 vision  n [U] 视力 ；视觉；[C] 想象；幻象 volume  n [C] 卷；册；[C] & [U] 体积；容积；(生产、交通等的) 量；[U] 音量；声量 W warning  n [C] & [U] 警告；告诫 weapon n [C] 武器；兵器 Wi-Fi n [U] 无线保真 wrap  vt (用……) 包；裹；(用……) 缠绕；围住 writer  n [C] 作者；作家 考向 考查词义 例1 (2025年高三模拟阅读节选) The Texas City Independent School District’s dress code is established to teach grooming (仪容) and hygiene (卫生), prevent trouble, and minimize safety risks. 例2 (2025年高三模拟阅读节选)If the school determines that a student violates (违反) the district’s dress code, the student will be given an opportunity to correct the problem at school. If not, the student will be assigned to in-school suspension (禁闭) for the remainder of the day until the problem is corrected, or until a parent brings accept-able clothing to the school. Repeated offenses may result in more serious disciplinary actions being taken in accordance with the Student Code of Conduct. 【变式训练1·变考法】（2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Cutting carbon emissions(排放)is not enough to keep global warming to less than 1.5℃—the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change. Not anymore, at least. As a result, hundreds of start-ups trying to remove greenhouse gases from the air and water have sprung up within the past few years. While land-based carbon dioxide removal projects have been undergoing testing and development for decades, ocean-based carbon removal is more recent in the push to fight against climate change. And one of the leaders in that field—Equatic—is about to increase its efforts in a big way. What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy-funded research project out of the University of California Los Angeles has already grown into a pair of pilot projects in Los Angeles and Singapore. And now, the company has its sights set on building a massive marine carbon capture(海洋碳捕获)facility in Quebec. The process for capturing carbon begins by pumping seawater into a tank and then using an electrical current to break down the water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) gases and a solution, which is then reacted with the air, pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and chemically transforming it into two byproducts. One, calcium carbonate, is a white powder. The other is a solution that gets released back into the ocean. The proposed Quebec plant differs significantly from Equatic’s existing facilities. Its Singaporean pilot facility can process 4,000 tonnes of carbon each year. The planned Quebec facility, meanwhile, will be capable of processing 110,000 tonnes annually—about as much carbon as is emitted by 24,000 cars. Ultimately, though, the young industry is full of uncertainties. So far, research on marine carbon removal has been based on lab experiments and trials. So as Equatic’s planned Quebec plant moves ahead, scientists will be watching to learn more about its environmental impact and about just how effective marine carbon dioxide removal can really be. 1．What can we know about Equatic from the first two paragraphs? A．It started as a university research project. B．It is a land-based carbon removal project. C．It has undergone tests for decades. D．It is a start-up located in Quebec. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Environmental impacts of carbon removal. B．Comparative analysis of removal methods. C．Economic advantages of Quebec facility. D．Equatic’s carbon capture mechanism. 3．What sets the proposed Quebec plant apart? A．Its location. B．Its capacity. C．Its priority. D．Its partnership. 4．What is the author’s perspective on marine carbon removal? A．It’s energy-intensive. B．It’s a permanent fix. C．It’s down-to-the-ground. D．It’s an open question. 【变式训练2·变情景】 （24-25高三下·湖北·阶段练习）Contrary to most boys, I’ve never had a problem saying “no”. No to let my desk neighbor borrow a pencil. No to just take “one sip” (尝一口) of a drink I didn’t want. Saying “no” to everything just felt natural, and the two letters slid off my tongue so well that eventually people stopped asking me to do things. My thought process was simple: If something wasn’t within my comfort zone, I should avoid it. One of my favorite poems from the Bible has always been, “She is clothed with strength and dignity, and she laughs without fear of the future”, but I never actually laughed or did anything without fearing what would happen next. So, with a sudden urge, I decided to start saying “yes” as long as it wasn’t illegal and didn’t violate my own moral code. This one word brought all kinds of new experiences where I found myself in a bar playing late one night with new friends and sitting in the front row at SoulCycle — a nice change from my back row, corner spot. Of course this change has had both good and bad outcomes, ranging from fun memories to lots of work and making semi - costly mistakes, leading to the unavoidable blames from my boss. Remember when we were six and the whole world was ours? We colored on the walls and slid into the cookie jar, fearless and unconcerned. We said “yes” to whatever we felt like doing, and then we became adults. Our dreams and sense of adventure faded away with our imaginary friends. Reality is that we all have dreams, but most of us make excuses for not pursuing them. It’s more like a matter of inertia (惰性), of just ignoring the dreams, of maintaining the present situation. “No” keeps everything predictable. But you can break out of your comfort zone and get more out of life through the simple power of “yes”. 5．Why did people no longer ask the author for help? A．He had no ability to offer help. B．They had no confidence in him. C．They already knew his response. D．He disliked to relate with others. 6．What did the author learn from the poem in the Bible? A．Tolerating uncertainty was a must. B．It was necessary to stay cautious. C．What was not banned was allowed. D．Moral principles could be adjusted. 7．What did saying “yes” bring to the author? A．Laughter from his boss. B．Vital mistakes at work. C．Friends and higher status. D．More tasks and less focus. 8．Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A．Children are more brave than adults. B．Life gives back to those who dare to try. C．Golden days in childhood are precious. D．Dreams fuel one’s courage to take risks. 考点二 熟词生义 知识点1 2025年高考真题熟词生义 1.address [熟义]n.地址;演讲 [生义]设法解决;处理;对付 (2025 全国一卷听力材料)The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities. 句意：那些在自家院子里挂上标语的人创建了一个真正的业主协会，以应对社区的气候变化。 2.breakdown [熱义]n 故障;垮掉 [生义](对庞杂信息的)分类，分析 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 A 篇)Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport 句意：以下是2018年不同交通方式的排放量下降情况. 3.butt [熟义]n.屁股 [生义]n残端;末端 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解D篇) cucumber butts 句意：黄瓜蒂 4.central [熟义]n.中心的;中央的 [生义]adi.集中的 (2025 全国二卷语法填空) ...central heating doesn't exist... 句意：中央供暖不存在” 5.champion [熟义]n.冠军 [生义]捍卫;支持 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解C 篇)Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion 'New York as a decent place to live. 句意：简·雅各布斯呼吁她的市长支持“纽约是一个适宜居住的地方”。 6.decent [熟义]ad.体面的;正派的 [生义]ad.合适的;像样的 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解C篇) New York as a decent place to live. 句意：New York as a decent place to live. 7.dismissed [熟义] 解雇;开除 [生义](学校)放学;解散 (2025 全国二卷听力材料)The students aren't dismissed until three thirty. 句意：学生们要到三点三十分才能下课。 8.green [熟义]ad.绿色的; [生义]ad.环保的 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 A 篇)The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful... 句意：运输燃料不仅需要绿色、廉价和强大的... 9.guide(名词形式 guidance) [熟义]导游;指导 [生义]n.指引;导向 (2025 全国一卷语法填空)“force them to follow your 'guidance’ till they lose’ 10.home [熱义]n.家 [生义]n.所在地;发源地 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解A 篇)Hereford 部分“It's also home to an ancient library. 句意： 11.hit [熟义]h.打;击 [生义]n.成功;走红的事物 (2025 全国一卷七选五) I am sure it will be a hit in the newspaper! 句意：我确信这会在报纸上大受欢迎！ 12.1ift [熟义]举起;抬起 [生义]v鼓舞;激励 (2025 全国二卷完形填空) Lift others up on you journey. 句意：在你的旅程中帮助别人。 13.practice [熱义]n.练习 [生:义]n.执业;".从事(职业) (2025 全国二卷阅读理解C篇) ...doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law.... 句意：医生行医，律师执业 14.present [熟义]n.礼物;现在;ad.出席的 [生义]展示;呈现 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解D篇) We hope to present the rather abstract Go game... 句意：我们希望展示这款相当抽象的围棋游戏... 15.post [熟义]n.邮政;岗位;帖子;v张贴 [生义](在网络平台)发布 (2025 全国一卷完形填空)... took a picture of the vase and posted it online 句意：拍了花瓶的照片，发布到了网上 16. rejected [熱义]拒绝 [生义]ad.被挑拣的;不合格的 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解D篇)...rejected sweet potatoes 句意：被剔除来的红薯 17.rush [熟义]v冲;奔 [生义]n.匆忙;仓促 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 C 篇) Why the Rush? 句意：为什么要这么匆忙？ 18.spare [熱义]ad.(形容词)空闲的;备用的 [生义]v.节省;避免 (2025 全国一卷完形填空)Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill. 句意：每一次交换都为保护垃圾填埋场提供了机会。 19.strike [熟义]打击;罢工 [生义]u给…… 留下印象;让…… 觉得 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 B 篇) writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. 句意：写作本身，对他们来说并不重要 20. stepping stone [熱义]n垫脚石 [生义]n.达成目标的中间阶段 (2025 全国二卷完形填空) Consider failure as a stepping stone to success. 句意：把失败看作通向成功的垫脚石。 21.store [熱义]n.商店 [生义]v储存;贮藏 (2025 全国一卷完形填空）...rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.. 句意：租了个地方来存放我们所谓的重要的东西. 22.story [熟义]n.故事;传说‘ [生义]n.(学生创作的)文章;作品 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 B 篇) The students.. turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each. 句意：学生们交了故事，每篇10到20页。 23.sustain [熟义v.维持;支撑 [生义v.养护;照料 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解C篇) You should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. 句意：你应该允许自己进行维持植物生长所需的练习。 24.translate [熱义]v.翻译 [生义v.转化为;导致 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解 C 篇) This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. 句意：这种效率也适用于成年人的工作场所。 25.trap [熟义]n.陷阱;使陷入困境 [生义]捕获;收集 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解D篇)...trapped through the boiling process... 句意：在沸腾的过程中收集... 26. working [熱义]ad.工作的 [生义]ad.仍在使用的;运营中的 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解 A 篇) The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774. 句意：工作港（港口）于1774年建成。 27.wake-up call [熱义]n.叫醒电话 [生义]n.警醒事件;警示 (2025 全国二卷完形填空) She only started to exercise seven years ago after having a wake-up call. 句意：七年前，在接到一个警钟后，她才开始锻炼。” 28.work out [熟义]计算出;解决 [生义]锻炼;健身 (2025 全国二卷完形填空)...began to workout and follow a healthy life style. 句意：开始锻炼，保持健康的生活方式。 知识点2 2024年高考真题熟词生 1. address [熟义]n.地址 [生义]v.处理；应对 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical road map addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 句意：Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的新书是一份应对即将到来的人工智能革命（变革）挑战的实用路线图。 2. call [熟义]v.打电话 [生义]n.请求；呼吁 ①(2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B篇)We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. 句意：我们想做一件事，我们给湾区的艺术家打电话，让他们为比赛提交故事。 ②(2024北京卷阅读B篇)Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. 句意：要成为一名成功的画家，需要有坚定的决心。 3. closely [熟义]adv.紧密地，密切地 [生义]adv.仔细地 (2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. 她会安静地坐在长餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。 4. condition [熟义]n.状况 [生义]n. 疾病 (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 句意：莱特·廷代尔的狗查理有严重的心脏病。 5. cover [熟义]v.覆盖 [生义]①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程) ①(2024新课标I卷听力)Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. 句意：约翰逊在科罗拉多大学读二年级时就开始写体育方面的文章，为家乡的报纸报道高中排球比赛。 ②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? 句意：在报道相同的内容时，听和看内容是否与阅读书面文字一样有效？ 6. draw [熟义]v.画 [生义]v.吸引 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 句意：只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方。 7. enter [熟义]v.进入 [生义]v.报名参加 (2024新课标I卷完形填空)I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 句意：我有一辆好自行车，经常骑车。我梦想参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看望我的妹妹。 8. favor [熟义]n.帮助；恩惠 [生义]v.偏袒，特别照顾 (2024全国甲卷完形填空)Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 句意：就像在典型的家庭中，男孩比女孩更受青睐，我的祖母不得不呆在家里做家务。 9. favorite [熟义]adj.最喜爱的 [生义]n.最喜欢的东西 (2024新课标I卷语法填空)These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 句意：这些植物包括现代西方人喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。 10. geography [熟义]n.地理 [生义]n.布局 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 句意：对于纸张来说，字面上是手放在手上，同时还有不同页面的视觉地理。 11. greens [熟义]adj.绿色的 [生义]n.绿叶菜 (2024新课标卷Ⅱ阅读C篇)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 句意：这种创新的设计需要很少的努力就能获得可靠的每周新鲜蔬菜供应。 12. introduce [熟义]v.介绍 [生义]v.使初次了解/尝试 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A篇)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 13. original [熟义]adj.最初的 [生义]adj.原创的 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B篇)Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 句意：有些是经典短篇小说，有些是原创作品。 14. piece [熟义]n.碎片 [生义]n.文章，报道 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 句意：然而，心理学家已经证明，当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们记住的内容比听或看相同的文章要多。 15. point [熟义]v.指向 [生义]n.观点 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 句意：坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些负责人工智能的公司——科技公司和世界领导人——这样他们就能与目前开发人工智能的所有专家达成一致。 16. pose [熟义]n.姿势 [生义]v.提出 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 句意：当实验者从提出简单的任务——比如识别阅读文章的主要思想——转向需要心理抽象的任务——比如从文本中进行推理时，阅读印刷品的好处就特别明显了。 17. power [熟义]n.力量 [生义]v.驱动 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ... 句意：在错误的人手中，这样的书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码（代码）一样难以处理…… 18. print [熟义]n.印刷 [生义]n.印刷品；出版物 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 句意：当实验者从提出简单的任务——比如识别阅读文章的主要思想——转向需要心理抽象的任务——比如从文本中进行推理时，打印阅读的好处就特别明显了。 19. promise [熟义]v.承诺 [生义]v.有……的希望；有……的可能 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A篇)With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 句意：在环保主义者Eanna Lamhna的指导下，这次徒步旅行将是一次富有信息量的旅行。 20. property [熟义]n.资产 [生义]n.性质，特性 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 句意：印刷和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。 21. role [熟义]n.角色 [生义]n.作用 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 句意：数字文本、音频和视频都有教育作用，特别是在提供印刷品中没有的资源时。 22. roll [熟义]v.滚动 [生义]v.行驶 (2024新课标I卷读后续写)Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. 句意：最后，我们只剩两分钟的时间，就开进了汽车站。 23. say [熟义]v.说 [生义]v.比方说(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 句意：音频（音频）和视频可能比文本更有吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术——比如，分配一个在线演讲，而不是同一个人的文章。 24. side [熟义]n.一边 [生义]n.一面；方面(2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place. 句意： 25. skip [熟义]v.跳过 [生义]v.避开；不做 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 26. slower [熟义]adj.缓慢的 [生义]adj.冷清的 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 句意： 27. solid [熟义]adj.固体的 [生义]adj.可靠的 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 句意： 28. tell [熟义]v.告诉；告知 [生义]v.辨别，识别 (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇)That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 句意：这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即知道它们的主人是否在其他猫身边，而它们通常不喜欢这样做。 29. throw [熟义]v.投；掷；抛 [生义]v.把……拉制成坯 (2024全国甲卷阅读A篇)Wheel Throwing 30. translate [熟义]v.翻译 [生义]v.(使)转变 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 但谢天谢地，坎贝尔有20多年的职业经验，能把令人兴奋的东西翻译成易于理解的东西。 31. visibility [熟义]n.能见度 [生义]n.关注度；知名度 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility. 这些文化元素增加了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。 知识点3 2023年高考真题熟词生义 1. structure [生义]n总体安排 [熟义]n 结构 [2023浙江卷] Camp Structure : The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group... 探险营总体安排：这一天每个年龄组分为两个专题会议...（A篇阅读理解） 2. assign v  [生义]确定（价值、功能等） [熟义]分派，布置（工作、任务） [2023浙江卷] The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.确定意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。（C篇阅读理解） 3. run v  [生义]运行 熟义：跑 [2023浙江卷] Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.  大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。（七选五） 4. unfold v  [生义]展现，呈现 [熟义]打开 [2023浙江卷] Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. 一本书，织毛衣，做一个填字游戏，或者只是看看窗外的世界。（七选五） 5. type n  [生义]具有某种特征的人 [熟义]类型 Train trips aren't for impatient types.火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人。（七选五） 6. stretch n  [生义]一片地域 [熟义]v（时间上）延续；（空间上）延伸（完形填空） [2023浙江卷] I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.我跟着养蜂人齐亚德穿过一片广阔的草原，然后进入了一片茂密的丛林。 7. inch [生义]v慢慢移动 熟义：n 英寸 [2023浙江卷] Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 他坐在一根树枝上，慢慢地向蜂箱靠近，用手电筒把烟吹进蜂箱上的一个小洞里。（完形填空） 8. sharp adj.  [生义]刺耳的 [熟义]尖的，锋利的 Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.突然，齐亚德发出一声刺耳的喊叫。（完形填空） 9. court n  [生义]宫廷，宫殿 [熟义]法院，法庭；球场 [2023浙江卷] In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同反映的是北京人的草根文化。 10. stuff [生义]v塞，填满 [熟义]n 东西，物品 [2023浙江卷] I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.我把一块布塞进洞里，把她带了出去，随手把门牢牢地关上。（读后续写） 11. branch n. [熟词]树枝，分枝； [生义]分部。句意：总厨师大卫·汤普森于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这个分店。 [2023全国甲卷] Head Chef David Thompson opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. 12.Credit [熟词]n. 信用，信贷； [生义]v.认为是……的功劳。 [2023全国甲卷]She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. 句意：她把这些技能归功于她已故的祖父和建造者德里克·劳埃德。 13.splitv. [ 熟词]分裂；分开； [生义]分担，分摊。 [2023全国甲卷]Terri avoided losing the deposit on the house she rented by splittingthe rent with a roommate. 句意：特里通过和室友分担房子租金避免了她租的房子上的押金。 14.quarter n.  [熟词]四分之一；一刻钟，十五分钟； [生义]住所，住处。 [2023全国甲卷]Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quartersis also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. 句意：在养鸡场和其他农场动物住处做电剑网也很有效地使灰熊远离。 15. voice n.  [熟词]嗓音，说话声； [生义]意见，呼声。 [2023全国甲卷]The voice of the biologists has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies. 句意：生物学家的呼声已经阻止了美国鱼和野生动物的伤害灰熊。 16. squares n.  [熟词]正方形，正方形物； [生义]广场。 [2023新高考Ⅰ]Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. 句意：骑自行车是一种最经济、可持续、最有趣的方式来探索这座城市,它的运河、公园、广场和无数的灯光。 17. strategic adj.  [熟词]战略的，策略的； [生义]有用的，重要的。 [2023新高考Ⅰ] With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 句意：在重要地点我们的五家租赁商店里,有超过2500辆自行车，我们确保有一辆自行车可供你使用。 18. n. [熟词]陷阱，网，圈套，诡计； [生义]困境。 [2023新高考Ⅰ] You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 句意：你会听到这些参与者的故事,学习哪些策略对他们来说很有效,以及他们遇到的你应该避免的困境。 19.capitalize v. [熟词]提供资金； [生义]利用。 [2023新高考Ⅰ] This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. 句意：这一效应利用了一个事实,即当人们犯错时,这些错误并不总是一样的。 20.draw [熟词]画画； [生义]引，使感兴趣。 [2023新高考ⅠI] Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. 句意：发现为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引到这个特殊的地方。 知识点4 2022年高考真题熟词生义 1. accept [熟义]v.接受;接纳   [生义] v.忍受;承受 (2022·全国乙卷·D)However，some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. 句意：然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，因为担心惹恼消费者而拒绝改变。 长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心的”人的证据。 2. celebrate [熟义]v.庆祝 [生义]v.赞美,颂扬 (2022·全国乙卷·A)This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn comes to London. 句意：这场展览将在伦敦举行,展出苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的60多幅杰作,以纪念他的一生和作品。 3. creature  [熟义]n.生物，动物 [生义] n。(具有某种特征的)人 (2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)For a long time. this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. 句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”（自我中心的）生物的证据。 4. content [熟义]n.(容器等)容纳的东西;内容   [生义]n.含量 (2022·全国乙卷·D)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. 自4月份以来根据含糖量,饮料公司不得不为其生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便士的税。 句意： 5. dead [熟义]adj.死的  [生义]adj.  (机械或设备)不运行的，不转动的 (2022·新高考全国I卷·完形填空) We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 句意： 我们被困在湖中，汽车熄火了。 6. draw  [熟义]u.拉,拖;拔出;画;吸引 [生义]v.获取，得到 (2022·新高考全国I卷·A)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. 句意：课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须做好准备，完成简短的课堂写作或测试,这些内容直接来自指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记,因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。 7. drive  [熟义]n.驾驶;驱车旅行   [生义] n.冲劲;干劲 (2022·全国甲卷·D)We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. 句意：我们建立在古老文化基础上，但同时还是一个充满动力和活力的年轻国家。 8. excuse  [熟义]vt.原谅;宽恕;n.借口;理由 [生义]v.准许……离开,请求准予离开 (2022·新高考全国I卷·A)Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 句意：因请假缺席而错过的短文将被接受。 9. introduce  [熟义]v.介绍;引见  [生义] v.推行;实施;采用 (2022·全国乙卷·D)First announced in April, 2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). 句意：该税收政策与2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料,实施该政策旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。 10. keep  [熟义]v.保持;保留;保管 [生义] v.饲养;供养 (2022·新高考全国I卷·C)She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.” 句意：她说:“我小时候养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要为它们准备早餐。” 11. period  [熟义]n.(一段)时间;时期;阶段 [生义]n.学时,课时 (2022·新高考全国I卷·A)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. 句意：没有按期在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降为一个等级。 12. pick  [熟义]v.摘;采;挑选;选择  [生义]n.精品;精华 (2022·全国甲卷·A)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre. 句意：这座新剧院是加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院，它展示了西区的精华以及英国巡回演出的精品。 13. practice  [熟义]n.练习;实践 [生义]  n.习俗;习惯 (2022·全国甲卷·七选五)The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. 句意：你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 14. present  [熟义]v颁发,授予;赠送;提出;呈递 [生义]v.推出;上演 (2022·全国乙卷·A)Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. 句意：苏格兰国家肖像画廊为公众举办了一系列讲座。 15. produce [熟义]v.生产,制造  [生义] v.拿出，掏出 (2022·全国甲卷·完形填空)A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. 句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是,这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。 16. random  [熟义]adj.随机的;任意的  [生义]adj.不可思议的;出人意料的 (2022·全国甲卷·七选五)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 句意：这些文化饮食礼仪规则可能看起来不可思议和奇怪，但它们在各个国家都很重要。 17. regard  [熟义]v.认为……是;n.尊重  [生义] n.关注，注意 (2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)They simply insist on mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. 句意：他们只是坚持相互认可和关注。 18. reject  [熟义]v.拒绝;排斥;嫌弃;冷落  [生义]v.(因质量不好而)废弃 (2022·新高考全国I卷·B)It's jaw- dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from“ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 句意：虽能食用但因“长相难看”就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜,大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴,这些非常不错的食物就这样被扔掉,简直令人吃惊。 19. roll  [熟义]v.滚动;转动 [生义]:v.(雷或鼓)隆隆作响 (2022·新高考全国卷·完形填空) The wind picked up and thunder rolled. 句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。 20. run  [熟义]v.跑;运作;运转 [生义] v.发表，刊登 (2022·新高考全国卷·七选五) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” 句意：《健身》杂志最近发表了一篇题为“感谢锻炼伙伴的五个理由”的文章。 21. stick  [熟义]v.刺入;粘住;贴住;伸出 [生义]v.放置 (2022·新高考全国I卷·B)I stuck the chicken in the freezer. 句意：我把鸡肉放在冰箱里。 22. subject  [熟义]n.主题;科目;学科  [生义]n.实验对象 (2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. 句意：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。 23. switch  [熟义]n.开关v.改变;转变;交换   [生义]n.(铁路的)道岔 (2022·全国乙卷·C)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways. detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. 句意：通过使用最新技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在铁路或道岔出现任何安全问题之前检测出故障。 24. way [熟义]n. 方面  [生义]adv.远远地;大大地 (2022·新高考全国I卷·B)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. 句意：更糟糕的是,我不假思索地买了太多;我本可以用我扔掉的东西做六份沙拉 知识点5 2021年高考真题熟词生义 1. determine  [熟义]v. (使)下决心，(使)做出决定 [生义]vt.左右,直接影响 (2021•全国甲卷•D)And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 句意：我们看得越多，就越会发现像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能直接影响天才的出现。 2. dry [熟义]adj.干的;口渴的 [生义] ut.把……弄干vi.变干 (2021•新高考I卷•C)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). 句意：数百万英亩的湿地被人为弄干涸，以养活和容纳不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地。 3. entry [熟义]n.进入;入口 [生义]n.参赛作品 (2021•全国甲卷•A)Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. 句意：每年，参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 4. event [熟义]n.事件,大事 [生义] n.比赛项目 (2021•全国乙卷•A)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. 句意：所有这些体育场馆仍在使用,仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。 5. excite  [熟义]vt.使激动，使兴奋 [生义]  vt.激发,引起 (2021•新高考I卷•D)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion 句意：尽管情商继续受到大众的关注是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能激发人们对情感的科学和学术研究更大的兴趣。 6. flow [熟义]v.(使)流动,涌流;流通 [生义]n.连贯,流畅 (2021•新高考I卷•B)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. 句意：他的工作就是坐在钢琴师旁边，翻动乐谱，这样音乐家就不用自己动手破坏音流了。 7. given  [熟义]prep.考虑到 [生义] n.基本事实 (2021•全国乙卷•完形填空)Oh，this isn't for the care I had. I take that as a given. 句意：哦，这不是为了我接受过的照顾。我认为这是理所当然的。 8. grade  [熟义]n.成绩，年纪 [生义]n.程度 (2021•全国乙卷•完形填空) And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. 句意：然后我意识到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词汇，事情会简单得多。 9. gray [熟义]adj.灰色的;苍白的 [生义]adj.阴沉沉的 (2021•全国甲卷•C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. 句意：我9岁的时候，我们收拾好在洛杉矶的房子，在一月的一个阴天早晨到达了伦敦希思罗机场。 10. head  [熟义]n.头 [生义]n.负责人 (2021•全国甲卷•B)Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family...” 句意：林普尼港犀牛部门的负责人保罗•比尔说:“显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一头小犀牛加入我们的黑犀牛家族……” 11. inform  [熟义]vt.通知;告诉 [生义]vt.对……有影响 (2021•全国乙卷•A)In around 80 A.D..the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. 句意：大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了罗马斗兽场,它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场,并继续影响着当代的设计。 12. must [熟义]modal verb.必须;一定  [生义]n.绝对必要的事物 (2021•新高考I卷•语法填空)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit! 句意：当你在中国时,黄山是必游之地! 13. note  [熟义]n.笔记;vt.注意;记录;注解 [生义]n.音符;纸币，钞票 (2021•新高考I卷•B)He's interested in the music, feeling every note ... 句意：他对音乐感兴趣，感受着每一个音符…… (2021•全国乙卷•完形填空)When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five pound note into her hand. 句意：当她走到一个护士跟前时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。 14. makeup [熟义]n.化妆品 [生义]n.性格，气质 (2021•新高考I卷•D)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” 句意：现在许多人将情商误解为几乎所有无法通过智商测试衡量的人的气质，例如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往能力”。 15. passage  [熟义]n.一段文章 [生义]n.通过 (2021•新高考I卷•C)In1934，with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act),an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 句意：1934年,随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法》的通过，一个日益关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，以阻止对迁徙水禽和对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。 16. plant [熟义]n.植物 [生义]n.工厂,车间 (2021•新高考I卷•完形填空)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break. 句意：春假期间，碰巧市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙。 17. point  [熟义:n.要点;得分;vt.指向 [生义]n.地方,地点 (2021•全国甲卷•A)Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. 句意：我沿着一条穿过森林的小路向当地的舒林西勒高地走去，遇到了一小块空地，立即注意到了在新雪的映衬下枯黄的草丛。 18. pour [熟义]v.灌,倒;倾泻 [生义]vi.不断涌向 (2021•全国乙卷•A)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 句意：从古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断涌入体育场馆。 19. Pressure [熟义]n.压力 [生义]n.逼迫，使迫不得已 (2021•全国乙卷•C)Von Wonghopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 句意：冯•王希望他的工作也能帮助迫使大公司减少他们的塑料足迹。 20. ride  [熟义]v.骑•乘(自行车、摩托车或马等)  [生义]vt.乘坐 (2021•全国乙卷•七选五)I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. 句意：我和这些疯狂的人一起乘坐公交车，他们在后面嘲笑愚蠢的笑话。 21. role  [熟义]n.角色 [生义]n.职责 (2021•新高考I卷•完形填空)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. 句意：我们在工厂的职责很简单:将蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 22. run [熟义]v.奔跑 [生义]vt.经营，运转 (2021•全国甲卷•B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). 句意：负责繁育计划的林普尼港保护区迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。 23. score  [熟义]n.分数;vi.得分;记分 [生义]n.乐谱,总谱; vt.淘到 (2021•全国甲卷•七选五)It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time. 句意：这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里淘到衣服并同时举办派对的最佳方式。 24. seat [熟义]n.座位 [生义]vt.可容纳 (2021•全国乙卷•A)Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances. seating 50.000 people. 句意：罗马斗兽场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。 25. set [熟义].放，置，使处于;使开始 [生义]vi.(日、月)落沉 (2021•全国甲卷•A)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb. I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. 句意：我爬到一个小山丘的顶部,意识到雾只有几英尺深，虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。 26. shot  [熟义]n.发射;射手;镜头;v.射击(shoot的过去式)  [生义]n.少量饮料，(尤指)少量烈酒 (2021•新高考I卷•A)Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots bar crawls and karaoke. 句意：亚历山德罗宫旅馆很有趣。工作人员为客人举办了许多酒吧活动，如免费酒水酒吧爬行和卡拉OK。 27. sink [熟义]v.下沉;使(船只)沉没 [生义]n.洗涤槽,水槽 (2021•新高考卷•读后续写)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. 句意：珍娜把烧焦的一块扔进水槽里，然后放入另一片面包。 28. stand  [熟义]vi.站立;位于 [生义] n.支架 (2021•新高考I卷•B) “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,”Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.” 句意：蒂特顿先生说:“我正在翻页为下一页做准备，但翻页的风导致备用页从架子上掉下来，幸运的是我抓住了它们并将它们放回去。” 29. weight  [熟义]n.重量,重力 [生义] n.重担，压力 (2021•全国乙卷•七选五) He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. 句意：他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬压力的人。 考向 考查熟词生义 例1 【2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷听力】As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out.  例2 When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. 【变式训练1·变情景】 I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. 【变式训练2】 Tan treated women from all walks of life. 考点三 阅读理解常见俚语 知识点1 首字母a~首字母h开头 1. at the end of the day：最终，说到底。 例句：At the end of the day, it's your effort that determines your success.（最终，决定你成功的是你的努力。） 2. a piece of cake：小菜一碟。 例句：The exam was a piece of cake.（这次考试是小菜一碟。） 3. a blessing in disguise：因祸得福。 例句：Losing my job was a blessing in disguise, as it pushed me to start my own business. （失业对我来说是因祸得福，因为它促使我自己创业。） 4. a breath of fresh air：令人耳目一新。 例句：The new teacher was a breath of fresh air in the classroom.（新老师让课堂耳目一新。） 5. as cool as a cucumber：镇定自若。 例句：He remained as cool as a cucumber in the face of danger.（面对危险，他镇定自若。） 6 a big fish：大人物。 例句：In the small town, he is a big fish.（在这个小镇上，他是个大人物。） 7. break a leg：祝你好运（常用于演出等场合）。 例句：You have a performance tonight. Break a leg!（你今晚有演出，祝你好运！） 8. be in the same boat：处境相同。 例句：We are all in the same boat, so we should help each other.（我们处境相同，所以应该互相帮助。） 9. burn the midnight oil：熬夜工作/学习。 例句：She had to burn the midnight oil to finish the report.（她不得不熬夜完成报告。） 10. break the ice：打破僵局。 例句：He told a funny joke to break the ice at the party.（他在聚会上讲了一个有趣的笑话来打破僵局。） 11. barking up the wrong tree：找错对象，搞错方向。 例句：If you think I can help you with that, you're barking up the wrong tree. （如果你认为我能帮你做那件事，那你就找错人了。） 12. be on pins and needles：坐立不安。 例句：She was on pins and needles before the interview.（面试前她坐立不安。） 13. burn the candle at both ends：过度劳累。 例句：He's been burning the candle at both ends lately, working long hours during the day and studying at night.（他最近过度劳累，白天长时间工作，晚上还学习。） 14. black sheep：败家子，害群之马。 例句：He is regarded as the black sheep of the family.（他被视为家族的败家子。） 15. cash cow：摇钱树。 例句：This product has become the company's cash cow.（这个产品已成为公司的摇钱树。） 16. call it a day：收工，结束一天的工作。 例句：It's getting late. Let's call it a day.（天晚了，我们收工吧。） 17. cry over spilt milk：为打翻的牛奶哭泣，作无益的后悔。 例句：Don't cry over spilt milk. What's done is done.（不要为打翻的牛奶哭泣，木已成舟。） 18. cost an arm and a leg：花费极高。 例句：That new car costs an arm and a leg.（那辆新车价格极高。） 19.cut to the chase：直截了当。（来源于导演们会被要求“cut to the chase”，意思就是“跳过无关内容，直接切入追逐戏”——也就是省去铺垫，直奔最关键、最精彩的部分。） 例句：Let’s cut to the chase and discuss the main issue.（让我们直截了当地讨论主要问题吧。） 20. cat nap：打瞌睡。 例句：I usually take a cat nap after lunch.（我通常午饭后会小睡一会儿。） 21.come up with：想出，提出。 例句：He came up with an idea for a new product.（他想出了一个新产品的主意。） 22. fall on deaf ears：被忽视，未被听取。 例句：His advice fell on deaf ears, and they made the same mistake again.（他的建议被忽视了，他们又犯了同样的错误。 23. green with envy：妒忌。 例句：She was green with envy when she saw her friend's new car.（她看到朋友的新车时，满心妒忌。） 24. get the ball rolling：开始做某事。 例句：Let's get the ball rolling on this project.（让我们开始这个项目吧。） 25. give someone a hand：帮助某人。 例句：Can you give me a hand with this heavy box?（你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗？） 26. get cold feet：临阵退缩。人在紧张、恐惧等情绪下，身体血液循环会受影响，血液会从四肢流向体内，导致手脚冰凉。因此，“脚冷”就被用来引申形容这种在关键时刻因害怕而退缩的心理状态。 例句：He got cold feet and didn't dare to give the speech.（他临阵退缩，不敢发表演讲了。） 27. give someone the cold shoulder：冷落某人。 例句：She gave him the cold shoulder because of his rudeness.（因为他的无礼，她冷落了他。） 28. hit the nail on the head：一语中的。 例句：When she said the meeting was too long, she hit the nail on the head.（她说会议太长了，真是一语中的。） 29. have a change of heart：改变主意。 例句：He had a change of heart and decided to stay.（他改变了主意，决定留下来。） 30.have a sweet tooth：喜欢吃甜食。 例句：She has a sweet tooth and loves all kinds of candies.（她喜欢吃甜食，喜欢各种糖果。） 31.hit the road：出发，上路。 例句：It's time to hit the road.（是上路的时候了。） 知识点2 首字母i~首字母w开头 32.in the meantime：在此期间。 例句：The project will take two months to complete. In the meantime, we can start preparing the next - phase work.（这个项目需要两个月完成。在此期间，我们可以开始准备下一阶段的工作。） 33. in the blink of an eye：转瞬之间。 例句：The car disappeared in the blink of an eye.（汽车转瞬之间就不见了。） 34. in the face of：面对。 例句：In the face of challenges, we must stay strong.（面对挑战，我们必须保持坚强。） 35. in no time：很快，立即。 例句：We’ll finish the project in no time if we all work together. （如果我们大家一起努力，很快就能完成这个项目。） 36. in hot water：陷入困境。 例句：He was in hot water after he lost the important document.（他丢失了重要文件后陷入了困境。） 37. kick the bucket：去世（委婉说法）。简单说，就是从动物临死前踢到悬挂物的动作，引申出“去世”的含义啦。 例句：His grandfather kicked the bucket last year.（他的祖父去年去世了。） 38.keep an eye on：留意，密切注视。 例句：Please keep an eye on my luggage while I go to the toilet.（我去厕所的时候，请帮我留意一下行李。） 39. let the cat out of the bag：泄露秘密。 例句：Be careful not to let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party.（小心别把惊喜派对的事说出去了。） 40. make a difference：有影响，起作用。 例句：Small actions can make a big difference in the world.（小行动能对世界产生大影响。） 41. miss the boat：错过机会。 例句：If you don't apply now, you'll miss the boat.（如果你现在不申请，你就会错过机会。） 42. monkey business：猢狲把戏，不正当行为。 例句：Stop your monkey business!（别再搞恶作剧了！） 43.on cloud nine：非常高兴，兴高采烈。（用“站在第九层云上”的意象，来形容人因极度愉悦而仿佛飘在空中的状态，慢慢演变为固定习语，用来表示“欣喜若狂”。） 例句：After receiving the award, she was on cloud nine.（获奖后，她非常高兴。） 44. out of the question：根本不可能的。 例句：Going on vacation this weekend is out of the question; I have too much work to do. （这个周末去度假是不可能的，我有太多工作要做。） 45. on the verge of：濒临，接近。 例句：She was on the verge of tears after hearing the bad news.（听到这个坏消息后，她差点哭了。） 46. out of the blue：突然，毫无预兆地。 例句：Out of the blue, she received a job offer.（她突然收到了一份工作邀请。） 47. on the spot：当场，立即。 例句：The manager made a decision on the spot.（经理当场做了一个决定。） 48. put all one's eggs in one basket：孤注一掷。 例句：Don't put all your eggs in one basket. You should have a backup plan.（不要孤注一掷，你应该有一个备用计划。） 49. pull the strings：操控，暗中操作。 例句：He’s the one pulling the strings behind the scenes.（他是幕后操控者。） 50. put your best foot forward：尽力表现。 例句：On the first day of school, it's important to put your best foot forward.（开学第一天，尽力表现很重要。） 51. pull one's leg：开玩笑，捉弄。 例句：Don't get so angry. She's just pulling your leg.（别这么生气，她只是在跟你开玩笑。） 52. rat race：激烈的竞争。 例句：He is tired of the rat race in the city.（他厌倦了城市里的激烈竞争。） 53. take for granted：认为理所当然。 例句：Don't take your health for granted.（不要把你的健康视为理所当然。） 54. the ball is in your court：轮到你行动了。在网球比赛中，当球落在一方的球场上时，就意味着轮到这一方球员击球了，他们需要对球做出反应。后来，这个短语被隐喻性地延伸到各种情境中，用来表示责任已转移到某人身上，该由某人采取下一步行动或做出决定。 例句：You’ve done your part, now the ball is in your court.（你已经完成了你的部分，现在轮到你行动了。） 55. top dog：主要人物。 例句：He is the top dog in the company.（他是公司里的头号人物。） 56. to be on the safe side：为了保险起见。 例句：To be on the safe side, I’ll double - check the data.（为了保险起见，我会再次检查数据。） 57. under one's belt：获得，掌握。字面意思是“在某人的腰带之下”，最初指的是“把食物吃进肚子里”（食物在腰带下方的身体里）。当一个人吃饱后，会更有底气、更有力量，后来这个表达逐渐延伸，用来比喻“积累了某种实在的东西（如经验、技能、成就等）”，就像“装进肚子里的食物”一样，是自己已经拥有且能带来底气的东西。 例句：With five years of experience under his belt, he was ready for the promotion. （他有五年的经验，准备好升职了。） 58. under the weather：身体不适。 例句：I'm feeling a bit under the weather today, so I’m staying home. （我今天感觉有点不舒服，所以待在家里。） 59. white lie：善意的谎言。 例句：Sometimes we tell white lies to avoid hurting others' feelings. （有时我们会说善意的谎言以避免伤害别人的感情。） 60. Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。 例句：Don’t say anything about our business dealings in here. Walls have ears. （不要在这里聊我们的生意，隔墙有耳。） 考向 考查熟词生义 例1 So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands.  例2  In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography.   【变式训练1·变情景】Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)?   【变式训练2·变情景】In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 真题溯源 考向感知 1.【2024年北京卷】We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. 2.【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 3.【2023年新高考I卷】On Oct. 1l, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. 4.【2023年新高考II卷】Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. 5.【2023年全国卷II卷】Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced practice. 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第03讲 新增课标词+高考熟词生义+常见俚语 目录 01 2 02 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 考点一 新增课标词 3 知识点1 首字母a~c 4 知识点2 首字母d~k 7 知识点3 首字母l~s 13 知识点4 首字母t~w 20 考点二 高考熟词生义 26 知识点1 2025年高考真题熟词生义 27 知识点2 2024年高考真题熟词生义 31 知识点3 2023年高考真题熟词生义 38 知识点4 2022年高考真题熟词生义 42 考点三 常见俚语 55 知识点1 首字母a~h开头 55 知识点2 首字母i~w开头 57 04 真题溯源 考向感知 61 考情分析 从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解的难度都比较大，涉及文章的题材多样，有应用文、记叙文、普通说明文，科普说明文，研究报告等。词汇有新增课标词及熟词生义，还涉及到很多常用的俚语。如： 2025新高考I卷部分长词示例：automobile汽车; breakdown故障；分解; lightweight轻量的; sustainable可持续的；comparatively相对地；crucially至关重要的；persuasive有说服力的；upgrade升级；a quick pick-me-up提神的东西；cutting-edge尖端的；contemporary当代的； 2025新高考I卷部分熟词生义：.champion [熟义]n.冠军； [生义]捍卫;支持 （阅读理解C 篇)“Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion 'New York as a decent place to live”“简·雅各布斯呼吁她的市长支持‘纽约是一个适宜居住的地方’”。 2025 新高考I卷七选五：hit [熟义h.打;击[生义]n.成功;走红的事物 “I am sure it will be a hit in the newspaper!” “我肯定这会在报纸上大受欢迎！” 2025年新高考II卷部分词汇示例：address设法解决；eateries餐馆；stronghold要塞；据点；medieval中古的；unused未用过的；tailor-made特制的；ingredient原料；well-being健康，幸福；surgery外科学；free-range散养；ship out发出；发货；exclusively唯一地，专门地 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷长词示例： mental aspect 心理方面 hypothesis n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提 mindset n. 观念模式，思维倾向，心态 engaging adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣(engage的ing形式)；预订 demonstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 identical adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的 对阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类、科技科普、环保生态类等话题高频词汇的精准掌握有助于快速理解文章内容，正确解题。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握阅读理解新增课标词。 2. 牢记高频熟词生义词，并学会根据语境推断熟词生义。 3. 熟练掌握常用俚语。 考点一 阅读理解新增课标词 知识点1 首字母a~c A absolutely  adv  完全地；绝对地; 确实 according to   prep 按照；根据 actually  adv 实际上；事实上 addict  n [C] 吸毒上瘾的人；对……着迷的人 adorable   adj 讨人喜欢的；可爱的 ambitious  adj 有抱负的；野心勃勃的 anticipate  vt 期待；预期；预料 apparently  adv 看来 (好像)；显然；据说 assign  vt 分配；分派 【2025年新高考II卷】Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments;有些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业； B barely  adv 仅仅；勉强；几乎没有 bet   ■ vi & vt (用……) 打赌；(与……) 打赌; vt 敢说；确信 ■ n [C] 打赌；赌金： blog  n [C] (计算机) 网络日志；博客 boost  vt 使增长；使兴旺 【2025年新高考II卷】They boosted the sales of cars.他们提高了汽车的销量。 C calendar  n [C] 日历；历法 calligraphy  n [U] 书法 calorie  n [C] 卡路里 (食物的热量单位) campus   n [C] & [U] (大学、学院的) 校园；校区 capable   adj 有能力的；能干的  【2025年新高考II卷】Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 志愿服务让你觉得自己有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天。 capacity   n [C] & [U] 容量；能力 career   n [C] 事业；职业； 生涯；(一段) 工作经历 cease   vi & vt 停止；终止；结束 celebrity   n [C] 名人；名流 certainly   adv 必然；肯定地；当然；没问题 charity  n  [U] 慈善 (事业)；[C] 慈善机构 / 团体；[U] 慈悲；宽容 cite vt  引用 claim   ■ vt 声称；宣称；vt & vi (根据权利) 要求；索要；认领；vt 夺去 (生命) ■ n [C]  声称；断言；(对事物的) 权利；所有权； 要求；索赔 client  n [C] 委托人；顾客；客户 clue  n [C] 线索；提示 collapse vi 倒塌；崩溃；瓦解 column n [C] 柱；圆柱；柱状物； (表格等的) 栏；列；(报刊等的) 专栏 comic   ■ adj 滑稽的； ■ n [C] 连环漫画 community   n  [C] 社区;群体；团体；界;  [与the连用] 社会；公众 comparison  n [C] & [U] 比较；比拟 complain  vi & vt 抱怨 complicated   adj 复杂的；难懂的 compose  vt  构成；组成；vt & vi 创作 (乐曲、诗歌等)；vt 撰写 comprehensive   ■ adj 全面的；综合 (性) 的： ■ n [C] 综合中学 comprise vt 包括；构成 confidence  n [U] 信赖；信任; 自信；信心；确信；把握 Confucianism n [U] 孔子学说；儒教 Confucius n 孔子 confused adj 困惑的；糊涂的；混乱的；难懂的 consultation  n [U] 商量；咨询 consumption  n [U] 消费(量)；消耗 (量) contact ■ n [U] 触碰；接触；[U] 联系；联络；交往；[C] 社会关系；门路；熟人 ■ vt (用电话、信件等) 联系 / 联络 (某人) contest  n [C] 比赛；竞争；竞赛 context  n [C] & [U] (文章的) 上下文；语境；(事情发生的) 背景 contract   ■ n [C] 契约；合同 ■ vi 缩小；收缩；vi & vt 签 (合同) contrast   ■ vt & vi (使) 形成对照；(使) 形成对比 ■ n [C] & [U] 差异；对比；对照 cooperate  vi 合作；协作；配合 core ■ n [C] 果核；核心；最重要的部分 ■ adj 基础的；核心的 corporate adj 公司的；团体的 costume  n [C] & [U] (某地或某历史时期的) 服装；戏装 council  n [C] 委员会；理事会；(英国的) 地方议会 county  n [C] (英国的) 郡；(美国的) 县 coverage  n [U] 覆盖 (范围)；新闻报道；保险 (范围) creative  adj 有创造力的；创造性的 crisis n [C] & [U] 危机；紧要关头 critical   adj 批判的；挑剔的；紧要的；关键的 criticize / criticise  vi & vt 批评；批判；指责；vt 评价；评论 (艺术作品等) crucial  adj 关键性的；至关重要的 current   ■ adj 现时的；当前的；现行的；通用的；流通的；流行的 ■ n [C] 水流；电流；气流 cute adj 漂亮的；逗人喜爱的 知识点2 首字母d~j D decent   adj 正派的；得体的；相当好的 definitely  adv 确切地；肯定地 definition  n [C] & [U] 释义；定义 demonstrate  vt 证明；论证；vt 示范；演示；显示；vi 示威；示威游行 deny   vt 否认；否定；拒绝承认；拒绝接受；拒绝给予： depress  vt 将 (某物) 压下；推下；拉下；使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使萧条；削弱 despite   prep 不管；尽管；任凭 detail  n [C] 细节；琐事；[U] 详情 detect  vt 察觉；发现；侦查出 device  n [C] 装置；设备；仪器 dining  n [U] 进餐 discipline  n  [U] 训练；管教；纪律；[C] 训练办法；[U] 自制力 display ■ n [C] 陈列；展览；表演； (特性、情感或能力的) 显示；表露 ■ vt 陈列；展览；显示 distinct  adj 明显不同的；截然不同的；明显的；清楚的 distribution  n [U] 分配；配送；[C] & [U] 分布 dolphin  n [C] 海豚 domain   n [C] 领地；领域： domestic  adj 家务的；家养的；本国的；国内的 dominate  vi & vt 支配；控制；vt (山、塔等) 高出于；俯视 dragon   n [C] 龙 drama  n  [C] (一出) 戏；戏剧性事件；[U] 戏剧；戏剧艺术；戏剧文学 dramatic  adj 戏剧的；戏剧性的；给人印象深刻的 drought  n [U] & [C] 干旱；旱灾 duration  n [U] 持续；期间 E ease ■ n [U] 舒适；悠闲；自在；容易；不费力 ■ vi & vt 减轻；缓解；(使) 小心缓慢地移动 economic  adj 经济 (学) 的；经济上的；有利可图的；合算的 efficient  adj 有效率的；高效能的 elderly  adj  (人) 较老的；上了年纪的 election  n [C] & [U] 选举；推选 element  n [C] 要素；基本部分；(化学) 元素 elsewhere  adv 在别处；到别处 embarrassed  adj 尴尬的 emerge  vi 浮现；出现；(问题等) 冒出；兴起 emotion  n [C] & [U] 感情；情绪；激情 emphasis  n [C] & [U] 强调；重视；重读；重音；加重语气 enable  vt 使能够；使成为可能 encounter   ■ vt 遇到 (问题等)；偶然碰到 (某人) ■ n [C] 相遇；邂逅 engage  vt & vi (使) 参加；(使) 参与；vt 吸引 (住) ；vt 雇用；聘请 English ■ n [U] & [C] 英语；英文；[U] 英语学科； (the English) 英格兰人 ■ adj 英语的；英格兰 (人) 的；英国 (人) 的 enhance   vt 增强 enormous    adj 巨大的；庞大的 ensure    vt 确保；保证 entirely  adv 全部地；完全地 entitle   vt 给……取名 / 命名；使……有权利 / 资格 episode  n [C] (电视连续剧或广播剧的) 一集 equator   n [用单数，常用作the equator] 赤道 establish  vt 建立；创立；设立；确立；立足；得到认可 essential  adj 必不可少的；最重要的；本质的 establish vt  建立；创立；设立；确立；立足；得到认可 estate  n  [C] 庄园；种植园；[C] 房地产；上有大片建筑物的土地；[C] & [U] 个人全部财产 (尤指遗产) estimate ■ vt 估计；估算；估价 ■ n [C] 估计；估算；估价 eve  n [C] (节日或重大事件的) 前夜；前夕 exactly   adv 确切地；恰好；正是 exceptional  adj 杰出的；罕见的 excited  adj 兴奋的；激动的 exciting  adj 令人兴奋的；使人激动的 expansion   n [C] & [U] 扩大；扩张；扩充 exposure  n [U] 暴露；显露；[U] 揭露；揭发 extend  vt 伸开；展开；伸出；vt & vi (使) 延伸；(使) 延长；vt & vi (使) 扩大；(使) 扩展 external  adj 外 (面) 的；外部的 extinction  n [U] 灭绝；消亡 extremely   adv 极其；非常 F fabric  n [U] & [C] 织物；织品；结构 facilitate  vt 促进；使便利 facility   n [C] [复数] 设施；设备; (用于某种活动、行业或服务的) 场所；建筑 factor   n [C] 因素；要素 fashion  n  [U] & [C] (服饰等的) 流行式样；最新款式；[C] (谈吐、行为等的) 时尚；[U] 时装业 feature ■ n [C] 特征；特点；面貌的一部分 (指眼、口、鼻等)；面貌 (特征)；(报纸、电视等的) 特写；专题节目 ■  vt 是……的特征；以……为特色；vi 起重要作用；占重要地位 finally  adv 最后；最终 finding  n [C] 发现；调查 / 研究结果 flavo(u)r  n [C] & [U] 味道；风味；特点 formal   adj 正式的；正式场合用的；正规的；形式 (上) 的 fortunately  adv 幸运地；幸亏 foundation  n  [U] 创建；创办；[C] & [U] 基础；基本原则；根据；[C] 地基；房基；[C] 基金会 frank  adj 坦白的；直率的 frequency  n [U] & [C] 频繁；发生率 frequently  adv 频繁地；经常地 frightened  adj 受惊的；害怕的 fund ■ n [C] 基金；专款；[复数] 资金；基金会 ■ vt 为……提供资金；资助 G gap  n [C] 缺口；间隔；差距；分歧 gender   n [C] & [U] 性别 generate  vt 产生；创造 genius   n [U] 天才；天赋；[C] 天才人物 genuine  adj 真 (实) 的；真诚的 global  adj 全球的；全世界的；全面的；总体的 grab  vt 抓住；(因忙碌而) 匆忙地吃 / 喝 gradually   adv 逐渐地 grandparent  n [C] (外) 祖父；(外) 祖母 greenhouse  n [C] 温室；暖房 guideline  n [C] 指导方针；指导原则 guy  n [C] 男人；小伙子；家伙；伙计 H habitat  n [C] & [U] (动物) 栖息地；(植物) 生长地 harmonious adj 协调的；和谐的；和睦的 hence  adv  因此；所以 highlight ■ vt 突出；强调；使醒目 ■ n [C] 最精彩的场面 / 部分 highly   adv 很；非常；高度地 hike ■ vi 徒步旅行 ■ n [C] 徒步 historic   adj [常用于名词前]历史上著名的；有历史意义的 household   ■ n [C] 一家人；家庭 ■ adj  家庭的；家用的 housing  n [U] 住房；房屋 humble  adj 谦卑的；地位低下的 I ideal   ■ adj 理想的；完美的 ■ n [C] 理想；想象中的人 / 事物 identical  adj 同一的；完全相同的 identify  vt 认出；识别；确认；找出；表明……的身份 illustrate  vt 给……作插图；(用示例、图画等) 说明；解释 image  n [C] & [U] 影像；图像；形象；印象 impact  n [U] & [C]撞击 (力)；冲击 (力)；影响；作用 imply   vt 含有……的意思；暗示；暗指；说明；表明 incredible  adj 难以置信的；无法相信的；极好的 individual   ■ adj [只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的 ■ n [C] 个人；个体；人 infection  n [U] 传染；[C] 传染病 infer   vt 推断 influential   adj 有影响的；有势力的 initiative  n [C] 倡议；[U] 主动性 inner  adj 内部的；内心的 innovation  n [C] 新观念 / 方法；[U] 创新；革新 input  n [C] & [U] 投入 (时间、知识等)；(计算机) 输入 inquire vi & vt 询问；打听 insight   n [C] 顿悟；[U] 洞察力；眼光 inspection   n [U] & [C] 视察；检查 instance   n [C] 例子；事例 integrate   vi & vt (使) 结合；(使) 合并 integrity   [U] 完整；完好；诚实；正直 intelligent   adj 聪明的；有才智的；有智力的 intense   adj 强烈的；激烈的 interaction  n [C] & [U] 交流；互动；相互作用 internal  adj 内部的；体内的；内心的 interpret  vt 解释；阐述；vt & vi (口头) 翻译 intervention   n [C] & [U] 干涉；干预；介入 investigate   vt & vi 调查；侦查；调查研究 investment   n [U] 投资；[C] 投资额；投资物 involve   vt 包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加 issue ■ n [C] 议题；争论的问题 (尤指社会或政治方面)；(令人担忧的) 问题；(报刊的) 号；版次 ■ vt 公布；发布；(正式) 发给；供给 item  n [C] (表格、目录、数据等的) 项目；细目；一件商品 / 物品；一条 / 一则 (新闻) J joint   ■ n [C] 关节；接缝；接合处 ■ adj [只用于名词前] 联合的；共同的 journal  n [C] 日报；杂志；期刊；日志；日记 justify vt 证明…正当 / 有理；为……辩护；对……作出解释 K kit n [C] & [U] 成套工具；成套设备 知识点3 首字母l~s L label ■ n [C] 标签；标记 ■ vt 贴标签于；用标签标明 landscape n [C] 风景；风景画 landslide  n [C] 塌方；滑坡；压倒的优胜 (尤指竞选中选票的一面倒) laptop  n [C] 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑 launch   ■ vt 使 (船) 下水；发射；发动；创办；把……投放市场 ■ n [C] [常用单数] 发射；(新产品的) 投放市场；(新书的) 发行 leadership n [U] 领导；领导力；领导 leisure  n [U] 闲暇；业余时间 limited adj 有限的；不多的 literally  adv 照字义；根据字面意思 living ■ adj 活的；活着的；在使用的 ■ n [C] & [U] 生活；生计；[the living] 活着的人 loan  n [C] 贷款；借款 location   n [C] 地点；位置 log  vt & vi 记录 logical  adj (符合) 逻辑的；合乎情理的 lower   ■ adj [low的比较级] 较低的；较下的；较低级的 ■ vt  把……放低；把……降下；降低；减低 (价格、声音等) lunar   adj 月球的；以月球公转测度的 luxury   n [U] 奢侈；奢华；[C] 奢侈品 M maintain vt 保持；维持；维护；保养；坚持认为 massive  adj 大而重的；大规模的；巨大的 mechanical   adj 机械方面的；用机械的；机械似的 membership  n [U] 会员身份；会员；会员数 military  adj 军事的；军用的 minor   adj  较小 / 少的；轻微的 missing  adj 丢失的；失踪的；缺少的 mission   n [C] 任务；使命；职责 mobile phone  n [C] 移动电话；手机 mode   n [C] 方式；运行方式；模式 monthly   ■ adj 每月的；按月的 ■ adv 每月；每月一次 ■ n [C] 月刊 mood  n [C] 心情；情绪；心境 moreover  adv 再者；而且 mostly  adv 主要地；多半 motion  n [C] & [U] 动；运动；动作 motivate   vt 使有动力；激发；激励 motive  n [C] 动机；目的 mount  n (缩写为Mt) 山；峰 multiple   ■ adj 多个 (人 / 事件 / 物组成) 的 ■ n [C] 倍数 muscle  n [C] 肌肉；[U] 体力；力气 N negative   adj 否定的；负面的；消极的 ；(电) 负的；(医) 阴性的 nevertheless    adv 然而；不过 O objective   ■ n [C] 目的；目标  ■ adj 客观的 obviously  adv 显而易见地 occasion  n [C] (某事发生的) 时刻；场合；时机；机会；重大 / 特殊活动；盛会odd  adj 奇怪的；怪异的；偶尔发生的；(一双或一套中) 不成对的 online   ■ adj 在线的；联网的 ■ adv 在网上 opponent  n [C] 对手；反对者 opportunity  n [C] & [U] 机会；时机 option  n [C] & [U] 选择 organic  adj  器官的；有机的；不使用化肥的 original ■ adj 最初的；原先的；原创的；原作的；新颖的；创新的；独特的 ■ n [C] 原文；原作；原稿 overall ■ adj  全部的；全面的 ■ adv 总共； 总的说来 overseas   ■ adv 在国外；向海外 ■ adj 海外的；国外的 P panel  n [C] 嵌板；镶板；专家咨询小组 passion  n [C] & [U] 激情；热爱 peak ■ n [C] 山峰；山顶； 高峰；顶峰 ■ adj 最高的；高峰的 ■ vi 达到最高点；达到高峰 perceive  vt  察觉；发觉；看待；理解 personality  n [C] & [U]个性；人格 pessimistic  adj 悲观的 phase  n [C] 阶段；时期 philosophy  n [U] 哲学；[C] 哲学体系；[U] & [C] 人生哲学；(生活、工作的) 准则 player n [C] 比赛者；选手；演员；演奏者；播放机 poetry  n [U] 诗歌 polar  adj 极地的；近极地的 pose ■ vi 摆好姿势；佯装： ■ n [C] 姿势；姿态；假装 precisely  adv 精确地；确切地；恰好 prior  adj  先前的；早前的 priority  n [C] 优先事项； [U] 优先权 proceed   vi 继续；继续做；继续进行 professional   ■ adj 职业的；专业的 ■ n [C] 专业人士；职业选手 profile  n [C] 侧面 (像)；外形；轮廓；简介；概况 proof   n [U] & [C] 证明；证据 property  n [U] 财产；资产；(房)地产 proposal  n [C] & [U] 建议；提议 prospect  n [U] 可能性；预期；设想；[C] 前景；前途；[C]视野；景色 protein  n [C] & [U] 蛋白质 protest ■ vi & vt 抗议；反对 ■ n [C] & [U] 抗议；反对 pudding  n [C] & [U] 布丁 pursue津   vt 追求；(继续) 从事；追赶；追捕 Q qualify vt & vi (使) 具有资格；(使) 合格 quote   ■ vt & vi 引用；援引 ■ n [C] 引语；引文 R rating  n [C] 等级；级别 reaction  n [U] & [C] 反应；作用 realistic   adj 现实的；实际的；现实主义的；逼真的 recall  vt 回忆；回想；召回；收回 recently   adv 近来；最近 recognition    n [U] 认出；识别；承认 recording  n [U] 记录；录制；[C] 录制品 region   n [C] 地区；地带；行政区; 范围；领域 release   ■ vt 放开；松开；放出；排放；释放；首映 (电影)；发行 (CD、书等)；发布 (新闻等) ■ n  [U] 放走；释放；排放；宣泄；[U] 发行；发布；[C] 发行的影片等；发布的新闻等 remarkable  adj 非凡的；卓越的；引人注目的 resident n [C] 居民；住户 resistance  n [U] 反抗；抵制 resolution n [C] & [U] 解决；决心 resolve vt 解决；vt & vi 决心；决定 resource   n [C] 资源；物力；财力 respective  adj 各自的 response  n [C] & [U] 回答；反应 responsible  adj 有责任的；尽责的；作为原由的 restore  vt 恢复；修复 restrict  vt 限制；约束 reveal  vt 揭露；泄露 revise  vi & vt 复习；温习；vt 修订；修正 romantic  adj 浪漫的；传奇 (式) 的；浪漫主义的；不切实际的；虚构的 route  n [C] & [U] 路线；路程；航线；途径 rural   adj 农村的；乡村的 S sample n [C] 样本；样品；试用品 saving  n [C] 节约；节省物；[复数]储蓄金；存款 secondary adj 中等的；次要的；第二位的 series   n [C] [单复数同] 一系列；连续 setting n [C] 环境；背景 shift   ■ vi & vt (使) 转移；(使) 移动；vi & vt (使) 改变 ■ n [C] 转移；转换；[C] 班；轮班；[U] (计算机) 转换 (键) shortage n [C] & [U] 不足；缺乏；短缺 sign   ■ n [C] 符号； 指示牌；标记；(头、手、眼等的) 示意动作；手势；[C] & [U] 迹象；征兆 ■ vt & vi 签 (名)；签字 (于信、文件等)；示意；以手势表示 significant  adj 重要的；重大的；显著的；(数量) 大的 site  n [C] 地点；遗址；网站 slightly  adv 略微；稍微 snack  n [C] 小吃；点心 solution   n [C] 解答；解决方法 solve  vt 解决；解答 somewhat    adv 稍微；有点 source  n [C] 源头；发源地；来源；根源；原因；消息来源；原始资料 species  [C] (动植物的)物种；种 stability  [U] 稳定 (性)；固定 (性) stimulate  vt 刺激；激发；促进 stomachache  n [U] & [C] 胃痛；腹痛 strategy   n [C] 战略；策略 stretch   ■ vt & vi (被) 拉长；伸；延 ■ n [C] & [U] 伸长；延伸；伸展；连绵 structure  n [C] & [U] 结构；构造；[C] 建筑物 stuff  n [U] 东西；物品 subsequent  adj 继……之后的；随后的  substance  n [C] 物质；东西；[U] 事实基础；根据 substantial   adj 大量的；多的 suburb  n [C] [常用复数] 市郊；郊区 subway n [C] 地道；地铁 sufficient   adj 足够的；充足的 sum ■ n [C] 算术；总数；总和；全部 ■ sum up 总结；概括 surf  vi & vt 冲浪 surgery  n [U] 外科手术；[C] 诊所 survey ■ n [C] 调查；全面审视；测量；勘测 ■ vt 调查；全面审视；测量；勘测 suspend  vt 悬挂；暂停；中止 sustain   vt 保持；维持 swimming  n [U] 游泳 知识点4 首字母t~w T tackle  vt 处理 / 对付 (难题)；抢断 territory  n [C] & [U] 领土；版图；领地；(具有某种特性的) 地区；区域 thirsty   adj 渴的； 缺水的；干旱的；渴求的；渴望的 threat  n [C] & [U] 威胁；恐吓；[C] 构成威胁的人 / 事物；[U] & [C] 凶兆 threaten  vt 威胁；恐吓；危及到；vt & vi 预示 (……的) 凶兆 tone  n [C] 音调；语调；腔调；语气 U ultimately  adv 最后；最终 usually  adv 通常 V variation  n [C] & [U] 变化；差别 vary  vi (大小、形状等) 相异；不同；vi 变化；vt 改变 venue   n [C] 举办地点；举行场地 virtual  adj 几乎的；虚拟的 visible  adj 看得见的；明显的 vision  n [U] 视力 ；视觉；[C] 想象；幻象 volume  n [C] 卷；册；[C] & [U] 体积；容积；(生产、交通等的) 量；[U] 音量；声量 W warning  n [C] & [U] 警告；告诫 weapon n [C] 武器；兵器 Wi-Fi n [U] 无线保真 wrap  vt (用……) 包；裹；(用……) 缠绕；围住 writer  n [C] 作者；作家 考向 考查词义 例1 (2025年高三模拟阅读节选) The Texas City Independent School District’s dress code is established to teach grooming (仪容) and hygiene (卫生), prevent trouble, and minimize safety risks. 【答案】establish v.建立；创建； minimize v.把...作最低估计，减至最低 【译文】德克萨斯城独立学区的着装规范是为了教授梳洗仪容和卫生，防止麻烦，并减少安全风险。 例2 (2025年高三模拟阅读节选)If the school determines that a student violates (违反) the district’s dress code, the student will be given an opportunity to correct the problem at school. If not, the student will be assigned to in-school suspension (禁闭) for the remainder of the day until the problem is corrected, or until a parent brings accept-able clothing to the school. Repeated offenses may result in more serious disciplinary actions being taken in accordance with the Student Code of Conduct. 【答案】opportunity n. 机会；时机； assign v. 指派(任务)；给予； disciplinary adj. 有关纪律的；惩戒性的 【译文】 若学校认定学生违反（违反）学区着装规定，将给予学生在校内改正问题的机会。若未改正，则需接受校内停课（禁闭）处理，直至问题解决或家长向学校提交符合校服标准的衣物。屡次违规者将依据《学生行为守则》采取更严厉的纪律措施。 【变式训练1·变考法】（2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Cutting carbon emissions(排放)is not enough to keep global warming to less than 1.5℃—the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change. Not anymore, at least. As a result, hundreds of start-ups trying to remove greenhouse gases from the air and water have sprung up within the past few years. While land-based carbon dioxide removal projects have been undergoing testing and development for decades, ocean-based carbon removal is more recent in the push to fight against climate change. And one of the leaders in that field—Equatic—is about to increase its efforts in a big way. What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy-funded research project out of the University of California Los Angeles has already grown into a pair of pilot projects in Los Angeles and Singapore. And now, the company has its sights set on building a massive marine carbon capture(海洋碳捕获)facility in Quebec. The process for capturing carbon begins by pumping seawater into a tank and then using an electrical current to break down the water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) gases and a solution, which is then reacted with the air, pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and chemically transforming it into two byproducts. One, calcium carbonate, is a white powder. The other is a solution that gets released back into the ocean. The proposed Quebec plant differs significantly from Equatic’s existing facilities. Its Singaporean pilot facility can process 4,000 tonnes of carbon each year. The planned Quebec facility, meanwhile, will be capable of processing 110,000 tonnes annually—about as much carbon as is emitted by 24,000 cars. Ultimately, though, the young industry is full of uncertainties. So far, research on marine carbon removal has been based on lab experiments and trials. So as Equatic’s planned Quebec plant moves ahead, scientists will be watching to learn more about its environmental impact and about just how effective marine carbon dioxide removal can really be. 1．What can we know about Equatic from the first two paragraphs? A．It started as a university research project. B．It is a land-based carbon removal project. C．It has undergone tests for decades. D．It is a start-up located in Quebec. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Environmental impacts of carbon removal. B．Comparative analysis of removal methods. C．Economic advantages of Quebec facility. D．Equatic’s carbon capture mechanism. 3．What sets the proposed Quebec plant apart? A．Its location. B．Its capacity. C．Its priority. D．Its partnership. 4．What is the author’s perspective on marine carbon removal? A．It’s energy-intensive. B．It’s a permanent fix. C．It’s down-to-the-ground. D．It’s an open question. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了为应对气候变化，一些致力于从空气和水中去除温室气体的初创企业涌现，其中 Equatic 在海洋碳捕获领域较为领先。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy - funded research project out of the University of California Los Angeles has already grown into a pair of pilot projects in Los Angeles and Singapore.(三年前，它作为美国能源部资助的、由加州大学洛杉矶分校开展的研究项目起步，如今已发展为在洛杉矶和新加坡的两个试点项目)” 可知，Equatic 最初是一个大学研究项目。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The process for capturing carbon begins by pumping seawater into a tank and then using an electrical current to break down the water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) gases and a solution, which is then reacted with the air, pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and chemically transforming it into two byproducts.(碳捕获过程始于将海水泵入水箱，然后使用电流将水分解为氧气（O2）和氢气（H2）以及一种溶液，然后该溶液与空气发生反应，从大气中提取二氧化碳，并通过化学反应将其转化为两种副产品)”可知，第三段详细介绍了 Equatic 捕获碳的具体步骤和机制。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The proposed Quebec plant differs significantly from Equatic’s existing facilities. Its Singaporean pilot facility can process 4,000 tonnes of carbon each year. The planned Quebec facility, meanwhile, will be capable of processing 110,000 tonnes annually(拟建中的魁北克工厂与 Equatic 现有的设施有很大不同。其新加坡试点设施每年可以处理 4000 吨碳。与此同时，计划中的魁北克设施每年将能够处理 11 万吨碳)” 可知，魁北克工厂的独特之处在于其处理碳的能力。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, though, the young industry is full of uncertainties. So far, research on marine carbon removal has been based on lab experiments and trials. So as Equatic’s planned Quebec plant moves ahead, scientists will be watching to learn more about its environmental impact and about just how effective marine carbon dioxide removal can really be.(然而，最终，这个新兴行业充满了不确定性。到目前为止，海洋碳去除的研究一直基于实验室实验和试验。因此，随着 Equatic 计划中的魁北克工厂推进，科学家们将密切关注，以更多地了解其环境影响以及海洋二氧化碳去除的实际效果究竟如何)” 可推断，作者认为海洋碳去除仍是一个有待进一步研究的开放性问题。故选D。 【变式训练2·变情景】 （24-25高三下·湖北·阶段练习）Contrary to most boys, I’ve never had a problem saying “no”. No to let my desk neighbor borrow a pencil. No to just take “one sip” (尝一口) of a drink I didn’t want. Saying “no” to everything just felt natural, and the two letters slid off my tongue so well that eventually people stopped asking me to do things. My thought process was simple: If something wasn’t within my comfort zone, I should avoid it. One of my favorite poems from the Bible has always been, “She is clothed with strength and dignity, and she laughs without fear of the future”, but I never actually laughed or did anything without fearing what would happen next. So, with a sudden urge, I decided to start saying “yes” as long as it wasn’t illegal and didn’t violate my own moral code. This one word brought all kinds of new experiences where I found myself in a bar playing late one night with new friends and sitting in the front row at SoulCycle — a nice change from my back row, corner spot. Of course this change has had both good and bad outcomes, ranging from fun memories to lots of work and making semi - costly mistakes, leading to the unavoidable blames from my boss. Remember when we were six and the whole world was ours? We colored on the walls and slid into the cookie jar, fearless and unconcerned. We said “yes” to whatever we felt like doing, and then we became adults. Our dreams and sense of adventure faded away with our imaginary friends. Reality is that we all have dreams, but most of us make excuses for not pursuing them. It’s more like a matter of inertia (惰性), of just ignoring the dreams, of maintaining the present situation. “No” keeps everything predictable. But you can break out of your comfort zone and get more out of life through the simple power of “yes”. 5．Why did people no longer ask the author for help? A．He had no ability to offer help. B．They had no confidence in him. C．They already knew his response. D．He disliked to relate with others. 6．What did the author learn from the poem in the Bible? A．Tolerating uncertainty was a must. B．It was necessary to stay cautious. C．What was not banned was allowed. D．Moral principles could be adjusted. 7．What did saying “yes” bring to the author? A．Laughter from his boss. B．Vital mistakes at work. C．Friends and higher status. D．More tasks and less focus. 8．Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A．Children are more brave than adults. B．Life gives back to those who dare to try. C．Golden days in childhood are precious. D．Dreams fuel one’s courage to take risks. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者以前经常说“不”，因为他不想走出自己的舒适圈。后来作者尝试说“是”，逐渐收获了许多新的人生体验。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Saying “no” to everything just felt natural, and the two letters slid off my tongue so well that eventually people stopped asking me to do things. (对所有事情说“不”对我来说很自然，这两个字母很顺口地就从我的舌尖滑出，以至于最终人们不再让我做事情了)”可知，作者对所有事情说“不”已经成为习惯，所以最终人们不再让他帮忙是因为他们已经知道了他的回应。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“One of my favorite poems from the Bible has always been, “She is clothed with strength and dignity, and she laughs without fear of the future”, but I never actually laughed or did anything without fearing what would happen next. So, with a sudden urge, I decided to start saying “yes” as long as it wasn’t illegal and didn’t violate my own moral code. (《圣经》中我最喜欢的一首诗一直是：“她以力量和尊严为衣裳，她笑着面对未来，无所畏惧”，但实际上我从来没有在不担心接下来会发生什么的情况下笑过或做过任何事情。所以，出于一种突然的冲动，我决定只要事情不违法且不违反我自己的道德准则，我就开始说 “是”。)”可知，作者从圣经中的这首诗里意识到，诗中描述的人无畏于未来，而自己却总是害怕接下来会发生什么，所以决定开始说 “是”，由此可推断作者从诗中学到了容忍不确定性是必要的。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Of course this change has had both good and bad outcomes, ranging from fun memories to lots of work and making semi - costly mistakes, leading to the unavoidable blames from my boss. (当然，这种改变有好有坏的结果，从有趣的回忆到大量的工作，还犯了一些代价不小的错误，导致不可避免地受到老板的责备。)”可知，说“是”给作者带来了各种新体验，有好有坏，包括很多工作更多任务以及因为不能集中精力而犯了一些代价不小的错误，即带来了更多任务和更少的专注度。故选D。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段“Reality is that we all have dreams, but most of us make excuses for not pursuing them. It’s more like a matter of inertia, of just ignoring the dreams, of maintaining the present situation. “No” keeps everything predictable. But you can break out of your comfort zone and get more out of life through the simple power of “yes”. (现实是我们都有梦想，但我们大多数人都为不追求梦想找借口。这更像是一种惰性问题，只是忽视梦想，维持现状。“不”让一切都可预测。但你可以打破你的舒适区，通过简单的“是”的力量从生活中获得更多。)”可知，文章讲述了作者从习惯说“不”到尝试说“是”，打破了自己的舒适区，获得了新的体验，即生活会回报那些敢于尝试的人。故选B。 考点二 熟词生义 知识点1 2025年高考真题熟词生义 1.address [熟义]n.地址;演讲 [生义]设法解决;处理;对付 (2025 全国一卷听力材料)The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities. 句意：那些在自家院子里挂上标语的人创建了一个真正的业主协会，以应对社区的气候变化。 2.breakdown [熱义]n 故障;垮掉 [生义](对庞杂信息的)分类，分析 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 A 篇)Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport 句意：以下是2018年不同交通方式的排放量下降情况. 3.butt [熟义]n.屁股 [生义]n残端;末端 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解D篇) cucumber butts 句意：黄瓜蒂 4.central [熟义]n.中心的;中央的 [生义]adi.集中的 (2025 全国二卷语法填空) ...central heating doesn't exist... 句意：中央供暖不存在” 5.champion [熟义]n.冠军 [生义]捍卫;支持 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解C 篇)Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion 'New York as a decent place to live. 句意：简·雅各布斯呼吁她的市长支持“纽约是一个适宜居住的地方”。 6.decent [熟义]ad.体面的;正派的 [生义]ad.合适的;像样的 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解C篇) New York as a decent place to live. 句意：New York as a decent place to live. 7.dismissed [熟义] 解雇;开除 [生义](学校)放学;解散 (2025 全国二卷听力材料)The students aren't dismissed until three thirty. 句意：学生们要到三点三十分才能下课。 8.green [熟义]ad.绿色的; [生义]ad.环保的 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 A 篇)The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful... 句意：运输燃料不仅需要绿色、廉价和强大的... 9.guide(名词形式 guidance) [熟义]导游;指导 [生义]n.指引;导向 (2025 全国一卷语法填空)“force them to follow your 'guidance’ till they lose’ 10.home [熱义]n.家 [生义]n.所在地;发源地 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解A 篇)Hereford 部分“It's also home to an ancient library. 句意： 11.hit [熟义]h.打;击 [生义]n.成功;走红的事物 (2025 全国一卷七选五) I am sure it will be a hit in the newspaper! 句意：我确信这会在报纸上大受欢迎！ 12.1ift [熟义]举起;抬起 [生义]v鼓舞;激励 (2025 全国二卷完形填空) Lift others up on you journey. 句意：在你的旅程中帮助别人。 13.practice [熱义]n.练习 [生:义]n.执业;".从事(职业) (2025 全国二卷阅读理解C篇) ...doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law.... 句意：医生行医，律师执业 14.present [熟义]n.礼物;现在;ad.出席的 [生义]展示;呈现 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解D篇) We hope to present the rather abstract Go game... 句意：我们希望展示这款相当抽象的围棋游戏... 15.post [熟义]n.邮政;岗位;帖子;v张贴 [生义](在网络平台)发布 (2025 全国一卷完形填空)... took a picture of the vase and posted it online 句意：拍了花瓶的照片，发布到了网上 16. rejected [熱义]拒绝 [生义]ad.被挑拣的;不合格的 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解D篇)...rejected sweet potatoes 句意：被剔除来的红薯 17.rush [熟义]v冲;奔 [生义]n.匆忙;仓促 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 C 篇) Why the Rush? 句意：为什么要这么匆忙？ 18.spare [熱义]ad.(形容词)空闲的;备用的 [生义]v.节省;避免 (2025 全国一卷完形填空)Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill. 句意：每一次交换都为保护垃圾填埋场提供了机会。 19.strike [熟义]打击;罢工 [生义]u给…… 留下印象;让…… 觉得 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 B 篇) writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. 句意：写作本身，对他们来说并不重要 20. stepping stone [熱义]n垫脚石 [生义]n.达成目标的中间阶段 (2025 全国二卷完形填空) Consider failure as a stepping stone to success. 句意：把失败看作通向成功的垫脚石。 21.store [熱义]n.商店 [生义]v储存;贮藏 (2025 全国一卷完形填空）...rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.. 句意：租了个地方来存放我们所谓的重要的东西. 22.story [熟义]n.故事;传说‘ [生义]n.(学生创作的)文章;作品 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解 B 篇) The students.. turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each. 句意：学生们交了故事，每篇10到20页。 23.sustain [熟义v.维持;支撑 [生义v.养护;照料 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解C篇) You should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. 句意：你应该允许自己进行维持植物生长所需的练习。 24.translate [熱义]v.翻译 [生义v.转化为;导致 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解 C 篇) This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. 句意：这种效率也适用于成年人的工作场所。 25.trap [熟义]n.陷阱;使陷入困境 [生义]捕获;收集 (2025 全国一卷阅读理解D篇)...trapped through the boiling process... 句意：在沸腾的过程中收集... 26. working [熱义]ad.工作的 [生义]ad.仍在使用的;运营中的 (2025 全国二卷阅读理解 A 篇) The working harbor(港口) took shape in 1774. 句意：工作港（港口）于1774年建成。 27.wake-up call [熱义]n.叫醒电话 [生义]n.警醒事件;警示 (2025 全国二卷完形填空) She only started to exercise seven years ago after having a wake-up call. 句意：七年前，在接到一个警钟后，她才开始锻炼。” 28.work out [熟义]计算出;解决 [生义]锻炼;健身 (2025 全国二卷完形填空)...began to workout and follow a healthy life style. 句意：开始锻炼，保持健康的生活方式。 知识点2 2024年高考真题熟词生 1. address [熟义]n.地址 [生义]v.处理；应对 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical road map addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 句意：Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的新书是一份应对即将到来的人工智能革命（变革）挑战的实用路线图。 2. call [熟义]v.打电话 [生义]n.请求；呼吁 ①(2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B篇)We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. 句意：我们想做一件事，我们给湾区的艺术家打电话，让他们为比赛提交故事。 ②(2024北京卷阅读B篇)Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. 句意：要成为一名成功的画家，需要有坚定的决心。 3. closely [熟义]adv.紧密地，密切地 [生义]adv.仔细地 (2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. 她会安静地坐在长餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。 4. condition [熟义]n.状况 [生义]n. 疾病 (2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 句意：莱特·廷代尔的狗查理有严重的心脏病。 5. cover [熟义]v.覆盖 [生义]①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程) ①(2024新课标I卷听力)Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. 句意：约翰逊在科罗拉多大学读二年级时就开始写体育方面的文章，为家乡的报纸报道高中排球比赛。 ②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? 句意：在报道相同的内容时，听和看内容是否与阅读书面文字一样有效？ 6. draw [熟义]v.画 [生义]v.吸引 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 句意：只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方。 7. enter [熟义]v.进入 [生义]v.报名参加 (2024新课标I卷完形填空)I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 句意：我有一辆好自行车，经常骑车。我梦想参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看望我的妹妹。 8. favor [熟义]n.帮助；恩惠 [生义]v.偏袒，特别照顾 (2024全国甲卷完形填空)Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 句意：就像在典型的家庭中，男孩比女孩更受青睐，我的祖母不得不呆在家里做家务。 9. favorite [熟义]adj.最喜爱的 [生义]n.最喜欢的东西 (2024新课标I卷语法填空)These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 句意：这些植物包括现代西方人喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。 10. geography [熟义]n.地理 [生义]n.布局 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 句意：对于纸张来说，字面上是手放在手上，同时还有不同页面的视觉地理。 11. greens [熟义]adj.绿色的 [生义]n.绿叶菜 (2024新课标卷Ⅱ阅读C篇)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 句意：这种创新的设计需要很少的努力就能获得可靠的每周新鲜蔬菜供应。 12. introduce [熟义]v.介绍 [生义]v.使初次了解/尝试 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A篇)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 13. original [熟义]adj.最初的 [生义]adj.原创的 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读B篇)Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 句意：有些是经典短篇小说，有些是原创作品。 14. piece [熟义]n.碎片 [生义]n.文章，报道 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 句意：然而，心理学家已经证明，当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们记住的内容比听或看相同的文章要多。 15. point [熟义]v.指向 [生义]n.观点 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 句意：坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些负责人工智能的公司——科技公司和世界领导人——这样他们就能与目前开发人工智能的所有专家达成一致。 16. pose [熟义]n.姿势 [生义]v.提出 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 句意：当实验者从提出简单的任务——比如识别阅读文章的主要思想——转向需要心理抽象的任务——比如从文本中进行推理时，阅读印刷品的好处就特别明显了。 17. power [熟义]n.力量 [生义]v.驱动 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ... 句意：在错误的人手中，这样的书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码（代码）一样难以处理…… 18. print [熟义]n.印刷 [生义]n.印刷品；出版物 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 句意：当实验者从提出简单的任务——比如识别阅读文章的主要思想——转向需要心理抽象的任务——比如从文本中进行推理时，打印阅读的好处就特别明显了。 19. promise [熟义]v.承诺 [生义]v.有……的希望；有……的可能 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A篇)With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 句意：在环保主义者Eanna Lamhna的指导下，这次徒步旅行将是一次富有信息量的旅行。 20. property [熟义]n.资产 [生义]n.性质，特性 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 句意：印刷和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。 21. role [熟义]n.角色 [生义]n.作用 (2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 句意：数字文本、音频和视频都有教育作用，特别是在提供印刷品中没有的资源时。 22. roll [熟义]v.滚动 [生义]v.行驶 (2024新课标I卷读后续写)Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. 句意：最后，我们只剩两分钟的时间，就开进了汽车站。 23. say [熟义]v.说 [生义]v.比方说(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 句意：音频（音频）和视频可能比文本更有吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术——比如，分配一个在线演讲，而不是同一个人的文章。 24. side [熟义]n.一边 [生义]n.一面；方面(2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place. 句意： 25. skip [熟义]v.跳过 [生义]v.避开；不做 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 26. slower [熟义]adj.缓慢的 [生义]adj.冷清的 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 句意： 27. solid [熟义]adj.固体的 [生义]adj.可靠的 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 句意： 28. tell [熟义]v.告诉；告知 [生义]v.辨别，识别 (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇)That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 句意：这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即知道它们的主人是否在其他猫身边，而它们通常不喜欢这样做。 29. throw [熟义]v.投；掷；抛 [生义]v.把……拉制成坯 (2024全国甲卷阅读A篇)Wheel Throwing 30. translate [熟义]v.翻译 [生义]v.(使)转变 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 但谢天谢地，坎贝尔有20多年的职业经验，能把令人兴奋的东西翻译成易于理解的东西。 31. visibility [熟义]n.能见度 [生义]n.关注度；知名度 (2024新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility. 这些文化元素增加了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。 知识点3 2023年高考真题熟词生义 1. structure [生义]n总体安排 [熟义]n 结构 [2023浙江卷] Camp Structure : The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group... 探险营总体安排：这一天每个年龄组分为两个专题会议...（A篇阅读理解） 2. assign v  [生义]确定（价值、功能等） [熟义]分派，布置（工作、任务） [2023浙江卷] The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.确定意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。（C篇阅读理解） 3. run v  [生义]运行 熟义：跑 [2023浙江卷] Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.  大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。（七选五） 4. unfold v  [生义]展现，呈现 [熟义]打开 [2023浙江卷] Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. 一本书，织毛衣，做一个填字游戏，或者只是看看窗外的世界。（七选五） 5. type n  [生义]具有某种特征的人 [熟义]类型 Train trips aren't for impatient types.火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人。（七选五） 6. stretch n  [生义]一片地域 [熟义]v（时间上）延续；（空间上）延伸（完形填空） [2023浙江卷] I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.我跟着养蜂人齐亚德穿过一片广阔的草原，然后进入了一片茂密的丛林。 7. inch [生义]v慢慢移动 熟义：n 英寸 [2023浙江卷] Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 他坐在一根树枝上，慢慢地向蜂箱靠近，用手电筒把烟吹进蜂箱上的一个小洞里。（完形填空） 8. sharp adj.  [生义]刺耳的 [熟义]尖的，锋利的 Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.突然，齐亚德发出一声刺耳的喊叫。（完形填空） 9. court n  [生义]宫廷，宫殿 [熟义]法院，法庭；球场 [2023浙江卷] In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同反映的是北京人的草根文化。 10. stuff [生义]v塞，填满 [熟义]n 东西，物品 [2023浙江卷] I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.我把一块布塞进洞里，把她带了出去，随手把门牢牢地关上。（读后续写） 11. branch n. [熟词]树枝，分枝； [生义]分部。句意：总厨师大卫·汤普森于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这个分店。 [2023全国甲卷] Head Chef David Thompson opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. 12.Credit [熟词]n. 信用，信贷； [生义]v.认为是……的功劳。 [2023全国甲卷]She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. 句意：她把这些技能归功于她已故的祖父和建造者德里克·劳埃德。 13.splitv. [ 熟词]分裂；分开； [生义]分担，分摊。 [2023全国甲卷]Terri avoided losing the deposit on the house she rented by splittingthe rent with a roommate. 句意：特里通过和室友分担房子租金避免了她租的房子上的押金。 14.quarter n.  [熟词]四分之一；一刻钟，十五分钟； [生义]住所，住处。 [2023全国甲卷]Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quartersis also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. 句意：在养鸡场和其他农场动物住处做电剑网也很有效地使灰熊远离。 15. voice n.  [熟词]嗓音，说话声； [生义]意见，呼声。 [2023全国甲卷]The voice of the biologists has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies. 句意：生物学家的呼声已经阻止了美国鱼和野生动物的伤害灰熊。 16. squares n.  [熟词]正方形，正方形物； [生义]广场。 [2023新高考Ⅰ]Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. 句意：骑自行车是一种最经济、可持续、最有趣的方式来探索这座城市,它的运河、公园、广场和无数的灯光。 17. strategic adj.  [熟词]战略的，策略的； [生义]有用的，重要的。 [2023新高考Ⅰ] With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. 句意：在重要地点我们的五家租赁商店里,有超过2500辆自行车，我们确保有一辆自行车可供你使用。 18. n. [熟词]陷阱，网，圈套，诡计； [生义]困境。 [2023新高考Ⅰ] You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 句意：你会听到这些参与者的故事,学习哪些策略对他们来说很有效,以及他们遇到的你应该避免的困境。 19.capitalize v. [熟词]提供资金； [生义]利用。 [2023新高考Ⅰ] This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. 句意：这一效应利用了一个事实,即当人们犯错时,这些错误并不总是一样的。 20.draw [熟词]画画； [生义]引，使感兴趣。 [2023新高考ⅠI] Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. 句意：发现为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引到这个特殊的地方。 知识点4 2022年高考真题熟词生义 1. accept [熟义]v.接受;接纳   [生义] v.忍受;承受 (2022·全国乙卷·D)However，some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. 句意：然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，因为担心惹恼消费者而拒绝改变。 长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心的”人的证据。 2. celebrate [熟义]v.庆祝 [生义]v.赞美,颂扬 (2022·全国乙卷·A)This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn comes to London. 句意：这场展览将在伦敦举行,展出苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的60多幅杰作,以纪念他的一生和作品。 3. creature  [熟义]n.生物，动物 [生义] n。(具有某种特征的)人 (2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)For a long time. this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. 句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”（自我中心的）生物的证据。 4. content [熟义]n.(容器等)容纳的东西;内容   [生义]n.含量 (2022·全国乙卷·D)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. 自4月份以来根据含糖量,饮料公司不得不为其生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便士的税。 句意： 5. dead [熟义]adj.死的  [生义]adj.  (机械或设备)不运行的，不转动的 (2022·新高考全国I卷·完形填空) We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 句意： 我们被困在湖中，汽车熄火了。 6. draw  [熟义]u.拉,拖;拔出;画;吸引 [生义]v.获取，得到 (2022·新高考全国I卷·A)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. 句意：课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须做好准备，完成简短的课堂写作或测试,这些内容直接来自指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记,因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。 7. drive  [熟义]n.驾驶;驱车旅行   [生义] n.冲劲;干劲 (2022·全国甲卷·D)We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. 句意：我们建立在古老文化基础上，但同时还是一个充满动力和活力的年轻国家。 8. excuse  [熟义]vt.原谅;宽恕;n.借口;理由 [生义]v.准许……离开,请求准予离开 (2022·新高考全国I卷·A)Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 句意：因请假缺席而错过的短文将被接受。 9. introduce  [熟义]v.介绍;引见  [生义] v.推行;实施;采用 (2022·全国乙卷·D)First announced in April, 2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). 句意：该税收政策与2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料,实施该政策旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。 10. keep  [熟义]v.保持;保留;保管 [生义] v.饲养;供养 (2022·新高考全国I卷·C)She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.” 句意：她说:“我小时候养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要为它们准备早餐。” 11. period  [熟义]n.(一段)时间;时期;阶段 [生义]n.学时,课时 (2022·新高考全国I卷·A)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. 句意：没有按期在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降为一个等级。 12. pick  [熟义]v.摘;采;挑选;选择  [生义]n.精品;精华 (2022·全国甲卷·A)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre. 句意：这座新剧院是加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院，它展示了西区的精华以及英国巡回演出的精品。 13. practice  [熟义]n.练习;实践 [生义]  n.习俗;习惯 (2022·全国甲卷·七选五)The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. 句意：你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 14. present  [熟义]v颁发,授予;赠送;提出;呈递 [生义]v.推出;上演 (2022·全国乙卷·A)Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. 句意：苏格兰国家肖像画廊为公众举办了一系列讲座。 15. produce [熟义]v.生产,制造  [生义] v.拿出，掏出 (2022·全国甲卷·完形填空)A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. 句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是,这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。 16. random  [熟义]adj.随机的;任意的  [生义]adj.不可思议的;出人意料的 (2022·全国甲卷·七选五)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 句意：这些文化饮食礼仪规则可能看起来不可思议和奇怪，但它们在各个国家都很重要。 17. regard  [熟义]v.认为……是;n.尊重  [生义] n.关注，注意 (2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)They simply insist on mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. 句意：他们只是坚持相互认可和关注。 18. reject  [熟义]v.拒绝;排斥;嫌弃;冷落  [生义]v.(因质量不好而)废弃 (2022·新高考全国I卷·B)It's jaw- dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from“ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 句意：虽能食用但因“长相难看”就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜,大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴,这些非常不错的食物就这样被扔掉,简直令人吃惊。 19. roll  [熟义]v.滚动;转动 [生义]:v.(雷或鼓)隆隆作响 (2022·新高考全国卷·完形填空) The wind picked up and thunder rolled. 句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。 20. run  [熟义]v.跑;运作;运转 [生义] v.发表，刊登 (2022·新高考全国卷·七选五) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” 句意：《健身》杂志最近发表了一篇题为“感谢锻炼伙伴的五个理由”的文章。 21. stick  [熟义]v.刺入;粘住;贴住;伸出 [生义]v.放置 (2022·新高考全国I卷·B)I stuck the chicken in the freezer. 句意：我把鸡肉放在冰箱里。 22. subject  [熟义]n.主题;科目;学科  [生义]n.实验对象 (2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. 句意：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。 23. switch  [熟义]n.开关v.改变;转变;交换   [生义]n.(铁路的)道岔 (2022·全国乙卷·C)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways. detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. 句意：通过使用最新技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在铁路或道岔出现任何安全问题之前检测出故障。 24. way [熟义]n. 方面  [生义]adv.远远地;大大地 (2022·新高考全国I卷·B)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. 句意：更糟糕的是,我不假思索地买了太多;我本可以用我扔掉的东西做六份沙拉 知识点5 2021年高考真题熟词生义 1. determine  [熟义]v. (使)下决心，(使)做出决定 [生义]vt.左右,直接影响 (2021•全国甲卷•D)And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 句意：我们看得越多，就越会发现像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能直接影响天才的出现。 2. dry [熟义]adj.干的;口渴的 [生义] ut.把……弄干vi.变干 (2021•新高考I卷•C)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). 句意：数百万英亩的湿地被人为弄干涸，以养活和容纳不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地。 3. entry [熟义]n.进入;入口 [生义]n.参赛作品 (2021•全国甲卷•A)Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. 句意：每年，参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 4. event [熟义]n.事件,大事 [生义] n.比赛项目 (2021•全国乙卷•A)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. 句意：所有这些体育场馆仍在使用,仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。 5. excite  [熟义]vt.使激动，使兴奋 [生义]  vt.激发,引起 (2021•新高考I卷•D)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion 句意：尽管情商继续受到大众的关注是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能激发人们对情感的科学和学术研究更大的兴趣。 6. flow [熟义]v.(使)流动,涌流;流通 [生义]n.连贯,流畅 (2021•新高考I卷•B)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. 句意：他的工作就是坐在钢琴师旁边，翻动乐谱，这样音乐家就不用自己动手破坏音流了。 7. given  [熟义]prep.考虑到 [生义] n.基本事实 (2021•全国乙卷•完形填空)Oh，this isn't for the care I had. I take that as a given. 句意：哦，这不是为了我接受过的照顾。我认为这是理所当然的。 8. grade  [熟义]n.成绩，年纪 [生义]n.程度 (2021•全国乙卷•完形填空) And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. 句意：然后我意识到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词汇，事情会简单得多。 9. gray [熟义]adj.灰色的;苍白的 [生义]adj.阴沉沉的 (2021•全国甲卷•C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. 句意：我9岁的时候，我们收拾好在洛杉矶的房子，在一月的一个阴天早晨到达了伦敦希思罗机场。 10. head  [熟义]n.头 [生义]n.负责人 (2021•全国甲卷•B)Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family...” 句意：林普尼港犀牛部门的负责人保罗•比尔说:“显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一头小犀牛加入我们的黑犀牛家族……” 11. inform  [熟义]vt.通知;告诉 [生义]vt.对……有影响 (2021•全国乙卷•A)In around 80 A.D..the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. 句意：大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了罗马斗兽场,它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场,并继续影响着当代的设计。 12. must [熟义]modal verb.必须;一定  [生义]n.绝对必要的事物 (2021•新高考I卷•语法填空)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit! 句意：当你在中国时,黄山是必游之地! 13. note  [熟义]n.笔记;vt.注意;记录;注解 [生义]n.音符;纸币，钞票 (2021•新高考I卷•B)He's interested in the music, feeling every note ... 句意：他对音乐感兴趣，感受着每一个音符…… (2021•全国乙卷•完形填空)When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five pound note into her hand. 句意：当她走到一个护士跟前时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。 14. makeup [熟义]n.化妆品 [生义]n.性格，气质 (2021•新高考I卷•D)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” 句意：现在许多人将情商误解为几乎所有无法通过智商测试衡量的人的气质，例如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往能力”。 15. passage  [熟义]n.一段文章 [生义]n.通过 (2021•新高考I卷•C)In1934，with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act),an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 句意：1934年,随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法》的通过，一个日益关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，以阻止对迁徙水禽和对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。 16. plant [熟义]n.植物 [生义]n.工厂,车间 (2021•新高考I卷•完形填空)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break. 句意：春假期间，碰巧市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙。 17. point  [熟义:n.要点;得分;vt.指向 [生义]n.地方,地点 (2021•全国甲卷•A)Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. 句意：我沿着一条穿过森林的小路向当地的舒林西勒高地走去，遇到了一小块空地，立即注意到了在新雪的映衬下枯黄的草丛。 18. pour [熟义]v.灌,倒;倾泻 [生义]vi.不断涌向 (2021•全国乙卷•A)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 句意：从古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断涌入体育场馆。 19. Pressure [熟义]n.压力 [生义]n.逼迫，使迫不得已 (2021•全国乙卷•C)Von Wonghopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 句意：冯•王希望他的工作也能帮助迫使大公司减少他们的塑料足迹。 20. ride  [熟义]v.骑•乘(自行车、摩托车或马等)  [生义]vt.乘坐 (2021•全国乙卷•七选五)I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. 句意：我和这些疯狂的人一起乘坐公交车，他们在后面嘲笑愚蠢的笑话。 21. role  [熟义]n.角色 [生义]n.职责 (2021•新高考I卷•完形填空)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. 句意：我们在工厂的职责很简单:将蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 22. run [熟义]v.奔跑 [生义]vt.经营，运转 (2021•全国甲卷•B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). 句意：负责繁育计划的林普尼港保护区迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。 23. score  [熟义]n.分数;vi.得分;记分 [生义]n.乐谱,总谱; vt.淘到 (2021•全国甲卷•七选五)It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time. 句意：这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里淘到衣服并同时举办派对的最佳方式。 24. seat [熟义]n.座位 [生义]vt.可容纳 (2021•全国乙卷•A)Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances. seating 50.000 people. 句意：罗马斗兽场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。 25. set [熟义].放，置，使处于;使开始 [生义]vi.(日、月)落沉 (2021•全国甲卷•A)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb. I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. 句意：我爬到一个小山丘的顶部,意识到雾只有几英尺深，虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。 26. shot  [熟义]n.发射;射手;镜头;v.射击(shoot的过去式)  [生义]n.少量饮料，(尤指)少量烈酒 (2021•新高考I卷•A)Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots bar crawls and karaoke. 句意：亚历山德罗宫旅馆很有趣。工作人员为客人举办了许多酒吧活动，如免费酒水酒吧爬行和卡拉OK。 27. sink [熟义]v.下沉;使(船只)沉没 [生义]n.洗涤槽,水槽 (2021•新高考卷•读后续写)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. 句意：珍娜把烧焦的一块扔进水槽里，然后放入另一片面包。 28. stand  [熟义]vi.站立;位于 [生义] n.支架 (2021•新高考I卷•B) “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,”Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.” 句意：蒂特顿先生说:“我正在翻页为下一页做准备，但翻页的风导致备用页从架子上掉下来，幸运的是我抓住了它们并将它们放回去。” 29. weight  [熟义]n.重量,重力 [生义] n.重担，压力 (2021•全国乙卷•七选五) He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. 句意：他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬压力的人。 考向 考查熟词生义 例1 【2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷听力】As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out.  【 熟义】n. 叶；叶片；叶子 【生义】匆匆翻阅；句意：当我翻阅小说时，一张纸掉下来了。 例2 When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. 【熟义】n. 账户，户头 【生义】n. 描述；叙述；分析：account在此句中作  意为“a written or spoken description of sth that has happened ”（描述；叙述；报告）。句意：当我们考虑诸如此类的有文字社会和无文字社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手资料描述都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。 【变式训练1·变情景】 I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. 【熟义】adj. 准确无误的；精确的；正确的 【生义】v.：改正；纠正；修正。句意：我让姐姐纠正我的语法。 【变式训练2】 Tan treated women from all walks of life. 【熟义】n. 行走；步行；徒步旅行；散步 【生义】a walk of life行业；职业；地位；阶层。分析：a walk of life在此句中为固定搭配，意为：a person's job or position in society （行业；职业；地位；阶层）。句意：谭治疗过各行各业的女性。 考点三 阅读理解常见俚语 知识点1 首字母a~首字母h开头 1. at the end of the day：最终，说到底。 例句：At the end of the day, it's your effort that determines your success.（最终，决定你成功的是你的努力。） 2. a piece of cake：小菜一碟。 例句：The exam was a piece of cake.（这次考试是小菜一碟。） 3. a blessing in disguise：因祸得福。 例句：Losing my job was a blessing in disguise, as it pushed me to start my own business. （失业对我来说是因祸得福，因为它促使我自己创业。） 4. a breath of fresh air：令人耳目一新。 例句：The new teacher was a breath of fresh air in the classroom.（新老师让课堂耳目一新。） 5. as cool as a cucumber：镇定自若。 例句：He remained as cool as a cucumber in the face of danger.（面对危险，他镇定自若。） 6 a big fish：大人物。 例句：In the small town, he is a big fish.（在这个小镇上，他是个大人物。） 7. break a leg：祝你好运（常用于演出等场合）。 例句：You have a performance tonight. Break a leg!（你今晚有演出，祝你好运！） 8. be in the same boat：处境相同。 例句：We are all in the same boat, so we should help each other.（我们处境相同，所以应该互相帮助。） 9. burn the midnight oil：熬夜工作/学习。 例句：She had to burn the midnight oil to finish the report.（她不得不熬夜完成报告。） 10. break the ice：打破僵局。 例句：He told a funny joke to break the ice at the party.（他在聚会上讲了一个有趣的笑话来打破僵局。） 11. barking up the wrong tree：找错对象，搞错方向。 例句：If you think I can help you with that, you're barking up the wrong tree. （如果你认为我能帮你做那件事，那你就找错人了。） 12. be on pins and needles：坐立不安。 例句：She was on pins and needles before the interview.（面试前她坐立不安。） 13. burn the candle at both ends：过度劳累。 例句：He's been burning the candle at both ends lately, working long hours during the day and studying at night.（他最近过度劳累，白天长时间工作，晚上还学习。） 14. black sheep：败家子，害群之马。 例句：He is regarded as the black sheep of the family.（他被视为家族的败家子。） 15. cash cow：摇钱树。 例句：This product has become the company's cash cow.（这个产品已成为公司的摇钱树。） 16. call it a day：收工，结束一天的工作。 例句：It's getting late. Let's call it a day.（天晚了，我们收工吧。） 17. cry over spilt milk：为打翻的牛奶哭泣，作无益的后悔。 例句：Don't cry over spilt milk. What's done is done.（不要为打翻的牛奶哭泣，木已成舟。） 18. cost an arm and a leg：花费极高。 例句：That new car costs an arm and a leg.（那辆新车价格极高。） 19.cut to the chase：直截了当。（来源于导演们会被要求“cut to the chase”，意思就是“跳过无关内容，直接切入追逐戏”——也就是省去铺垫，直奔最关键、最精彩的部分。） 例句：Let’s cut to the chase and discuss the main issue.（让我们直截了当地讨论主要问题吧。） 20. cat nap：打瞌睡。 例句：I usually take a cat nap after lunch.（我通常午饭后会小睡一会儿。） 21.come up with：想出，提出。 例句：He came up with an idea for a new product.（他想出了一个新产品的主意。） 22. fall on deaf ears：被忽视，未被听取。 例句：His advice fell on deaf ears, and they made the same mistake again.（他的建议被忽视了，他们又犯了同样的错误。 23. green with envy：妒忌。 例句：She was green with envy when she saw her friend's new car.（她看到朋友的新车时，满心妒忌。） 24. get the ball rolling：开始做某事。 例句：Let's get the ball rolling on this project.（让我们开始这个项目吧。） 25. give someone a hand：帮助某人。 例句：Can you give me a hand with this heavy box?（你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗？） 26. get cold feet：临阵退缩。人在紧张、恐惧等情绪下，身体血液循环会受影响，血液会从四肢流向体内，导致手脚冰凉。因此，“脚冷”就被用来引申形容这种在关键时刻因害怕而退缩的心理状态。 例句：He got cold feet and didn't dare to give the speech.（他临阵退缩，不敢发表演讲了。） 27. give someone the cold shoulder：冷落某人。 例句：She gave him the cold shoulder because of his rudeness.（因为他的无礼，她冷落了他。） 28. hit the nail on the head：一语中的。 例句：When she said the meeting was too long, she hit the nail on the head.（她说会议太长了，真是一语中的。） 29. have a change of heart：改变主意。 例句：He had a change of heart and decided to stay.（他改变了主意，决定留下来。） 30.have a sweet tooth：喜欢吃甜食。 例句：She has a sweet tooth and loves all kinds of candies.（她喜欢吃甜食，喜欢各种糖果。） 31.hit the road：出发，上路。 例句：It's time to hit the road.（是上路的时候了。） 知识点2 首字母i~首字母w开头 32.in the meantime：在此期间。 例句：The project will take two months to complete. In the meantime, we can start preparing the next - phase work.（这个项目需要两个月完成。在此期间，我们可以开始准备下一阶段的工作。） 33. in the blink of an eye：转瞬之间。 例句：The car disappeared in the blink of an eye.（汽车转瞬之间就不见了。） 34. in the face of：面对。 例句：In the face of challenges, we must stay strong.（面对挑战，我们必须保持坚强。） 35. in no time：很快，立即。 例句：We’ll finish the project in no time if we all work together. （如果我们大家一起努力，很快就能完成这个项目。） 36. in hot water：陷入困境。 例句：He was in hot water after he lost the important document.（他丢失了重要文件后陷入了困境。） 37. kick the bucket：去世（委婉说法）。简单说，就是从动物临死前踢到悬挂物的动作，引申出“去世”的含义啦。 例句：His grandfather kicked the bucket last year.（他的祖父去年去世了。） 38.keep an eye on：留意，密切注视。 例句：Please keep an eye on my luggage while I go to the toilet.（我去厕所的时候，请帮我留意一下行李。） 39. let the cat out of the bag：泄露秘密。 例句：Be careful not to let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party.（小心别把惊喜派对的事说出去了。） 40. make a difference：有影响，起作用。 例句：Small actions can make a big difference in the world.（小行动能对世界产生大影响。） 41. miss the boat：错过机会。 例句：If you don't apply now, you'll miss the boat.（如果你现在不申请，你就会错过机会。） 42. monkey business：猢狲把戏，不正当行为。 例句：Stop your monkey business!（别再搞恶作剧了！） 43.on cloud nine：非常高兴，兴高采烈。（用“站在第九层云上”的意象，来形容人因极度愉悦而仿佛飘在空中的状态，慢慢演变为固定习语，用来表示“欣喜若狂”。） 例句：After receiving the award, she was on cloud nine.（获奖后，她非常高兴。） 44. out of the question：根本不可能的。 例句：Going on vacation this weekend is out of the question; I have too much work to do. （这个周末去度假是不可能的，我有太多工作要做。） 45. on the verge of：濒临，接近。 例句：She was on the verge of tears after hearing the bad news.（听到这个坏消息后，她差点哭了。） 46. out of the blue：突然，毫无预兆地。 例句：Out of the blue, she received a job offer.（她突然收到了一份工作邀请。） 47. on the spot：当场，立即。 例句：The manager made a decision on the spot.（经理当场做了一个决定。） 48. put all one's eggs in one basket：孤注一掷。 例句：Don't put all your eggs in one basket. You should have a backup plan.（不要孤注一掷，你应该有一个备用计划。） 49. pull the strings：操控，暗中操作。 例句：He’s the one pulling the strings behind the scenes.（他是幕后操控者。） 50. put your best foot forward：尽力表现。 例句：On the first day of school, it's important to put your best foot forward.（开学第一天，尽力表现很重要。） 51. pull one's leg：开玩笑，捉弄。 例句：Don't get so angry. She's just pulling your leg.（别这么生气，她只是在跟你开玩笑。） 52. rat race：激烈的竞争。 例句：He is tired of the rat race in the city.（他厌倦了城市里的激烈竞争。） 53. take for granted：认为理所当然。 例句：Don't take your health for granted.（不要把你的健康视为理所当然。） 54. the ball is in your court：轮到你行动了。在网球比赛中，当球落在一方的球场上时，就意味着轮到这一方球员击球了，他们需要对球做出反应。后来，这个短语被隐喻性地延伸到各种情境中，用来表示责任已转移到某人身上，该由某人采取下一步行动或做出决定。 例句：You’ve done your part, now the ball is in your court.（你已经完成了你的部分，现在轮到你行动了。） 55. top dog：主要人物。 例句：He is the top dog in the company.（他是公司里的头号人物。） 56. to be on the safe side：为了保险起见。 例句：To be on the safe side, I’ll double - check the data.（为了保险起见，我会再次检查数据。） 57. under one's belt：获得，掌握。字面意思是“在某人的腰带之下”，最初指的是“把食物吃进肚子里”（食物在腰带下方的身体里）。当一个人吃饱后，会更有底气、更有力量，后来这个表达逐渐延伸，用来比喻“积累了某种实在的东西（如经验、技能、成就等）”，就像“装进肚子里的食物”一样，是自己已经拥有且能带来底气的东西。 例句：With five years of experience under his belt, he was ready for the promotion. （他有五年的经验，准备好升职了。） 58. under the weather：身体不适。 例句：I'm feeling a bit under the weather today, so I’m staying home. （我今天感觉有点不舒服，所以待在家里。） 59. white lie：善意的谎言。 例句：Sometimes we tell white lies to avoid hurting others' feelings. （有时我们会说善意的谎言以避免伤害别人的感情。） 60. Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。 例句：Don’t say anything about our business dealings in here. Walls have ears. （不要在这里聊我们的生意，隔墙有耳。） 考向 考查熟词生义 例1 So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands.  【熟义】n. 陆地；大地 【生义】 落；降落；着陆。句意：所以，从那以后，你妹妹的旧书就落在了你的手里。 例2  In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography.   【熟义】重要议题；争论的问题   【生义】一期；期号。句意：在每一期中，您将看到关于美好生活、历史、哲学、艺术和时尚摄影的有趣访谈和文章的混合。 【变式训练1·变情景】Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)?   【熟义】v. 使落入险境；使陷入困境   【生义】收集；吸收。句意：为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？ 【变式训练2·变情景】In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 【熟词】v.跑 【生义】v.进行。句意：在这样做的过程中，我将引用我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，超过1600人同意进行数字清理。 真题溯源 考向感知 1.【2024年北京卷】We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. 【熟词】call打电话，喊叫 【生义】称呼；把...说成句意：我们获得了所谓的对与错的感觉。 2.【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 【熟词】cover 覆盖 【生义】行走。句意：然而，大多数在商店里生产的食品都要经过几周的运输，行驶数百英里才能到达餐桌。 3.【2023年新高考I卷】On Oct. 1l, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. 【熟词】course课程 【生义】跑道。句意：10月11日，数百名选手参加了在明尼苏达州举行的越野赛。梅兰妮·贝利本应比她实际完成的时间更早完成比赛的。 4.【2023年新高考II卷】Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. 【熟词】drawv.画 【生义】v。吸引。句意：了解为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引到这个特殊的地方。 5.【2023年全国卷II卷】Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced practice. 【熟词】practice v.实践 【生义】v. 从事 (医务工作、法律专业等) ;执业。句意：雅克琳·费利斯·德·阿尔马尼亚（约1322年）着重指出，女性行医所面临的质疑。 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$