Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题（探索百科）阅读理解进阶练15篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教版2024）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题（探索百科）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 ①Norman Bethune is one of the most famous heroes in China. He was a Canadian doctor. He came to China to help the Chinese people and died for them. ②Norman Bethune was born in 1890. He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded (受伤的) soldiers during the war there. He soon realized that many people were dying because they did not get to hospital quickly enough. Dr. Bethune developed new ways of taking care of the sick. He made special medical tools to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas so that doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. His special tools saved many lives. ③In 1938, Dr. Bethune came to China and helped treat the wounded during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, there were few doctors, so he had to work very hard on his own. His experience of treating people in Spain was useful in China. He developed training courses for local doctors and nurses, and wrote books so that they could learn about how he treated the sick. ④Dr. Bethune often worked very hard without resting or taking care of himself. Once, he even worked for sixty-nine hours without stopping and succeeded in saving over a hundred lives. One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation (手术), but he continued his work without treating it. In the end, he died of his wound. ⑤Dr. Bethune’s work for the Chinese people made him a hero in China. There are many books and films about him, and he is still remembered in both China and Canada today. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Where did Norman Bethune come from? A．Japan. B．China. C．Canada. D．Spain. 2．The underlined word “treat” in Paragraph ② probably means ________. A．help someone solve a problem B．give someone medical care C．make someone laugh D．encourage someone 3．Why did Norman Bethune die in 1939? A．He was killed by the enemy. B．He died because of overwork. C．He died of a wound he got during an operation. D．He had a serious illness. 4．Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The Invention of Special Medical Tools B．Norman Bethune—A Canadian Hero in China C．Norman Bethune’s Experience in Spain D．The Anti-Japanese War How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, spring (发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．According to the passage, we can’t use the ________ to tell the time on a rainy day. A．water clock B．sun clock C．digital clock D．mechanical clock 2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph? A．modern B．special C．rich D．common 3．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? （①—paragraph 1,  ②—paragraph 2, …） A． B． C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping. C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock. Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, died in 2023. But his story will always inspire us. Huang was born in Guangdong in 1926. When he was young, China faced trouble from other countries. So he studied hard to help China become strong. In the 1950s, China wanted to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang and his team started this difficult job. At that time, there wasn’t much technology. They also didn’t have many things to use. They had to keep it a secret, so they couldn’t talk to their families. Huang didn’t go home for a long time. Building the submarines was not easy. Designing the important parts was very hard because they couldn’t learn from others. They used simple tools to do math. Making the submarines stay stable underwater was also difficult. But they found ways to solve these problems after many tries. In the 1970s, China’s first nuclear submarine was ready. China became one of the countries with this kind of submarine. Huang didn’t stop. He kept working to make the submarines better. He won many prizes, like the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019. We should learn from Huang Xuhua. His story teaches us to be brave when we face problems and work hard to make our country better. 1．When was Huang Xuhua born? A．In 1925. B．In 1926. C．In 1950. D．In 1970. 2．Why did Huang Xuhua study hard when he was young? A．Because he wanted to be a famous scientist. B．Because his family asked him to do so. C．Because he wanted to help China become strong. D．Because he was interested in science. 3．What was the situation like when China started to build nuclear submarines? A．There was a lot of advanced (先进的) technology. B．They had enough resources. C．They didn’t need to keep it secret. D．There wasn’t much technology and resources. 4．What does the word “secret” probably mean? A．A thing that is known by many people. B．A thing you mustn’t tell others. C．A public event. D．An easy thing to do. 5．What can we infer from the fact that Huang Xuhua didn’t go home for a long time? A．He didn’t like his home. B．He lost his way home. C．His family didn’t want him to come back. D．He was too busy with the important and secret submarine project. Wang Zhenbai was a hard-working poet (诗人) during China’s Tang Dynasty. As a young man, he believed studying could help him achieve his dreams. To further his studies, he moved to Bailudong Academy (白鹿洞书院) at the foot of Lushan Mountain. The academy was perfect for learning, with birds singing as students read aloud. Wang really enjoyed his daily life. Every day, he followed the same routine (常规): he would begin to read the book as soon as the sun rose in the morning, continue studying late into the night. He hardly noticed the weather changing outside. One spring afternoon, Wang was reading his book carefully. At this moment, a playful classmate passed by his window and walked into his room. He wanted to play with him and talked about something. Wang listened to his classmate carefully but quickly returned to his books. After the classmate left, Wang realized something important—while talking, study time had gone. Because of this experience, Wang wrote a famous poem: “Reading without noticing spring’s arrival, Every inch of time equals an inch of gold.” The poem’s second line “An inch of time is an inch of gold” became widely popular. It taught people that time is as valuable (贵重的) as treasure. Just like we protect gold, we should make good use of every minute. This saying remains important today. It reminds us that time never returns once lost. Whether studying, working, or helping others, we should value each moment. 1．Why did Wang Zhenbai move to Bailudong Academy? A．To enjoy the mountain. B．To make new friends. C．To continue his studies. D．To become a teacher. 2．What was Wang Zhenbai’s daily routine at the academy? A．Writing poems and climbing mountains. B．Reading books from sunrise to nighttime. C．Teaching younger students and planting trees. D．Practicing handwriting and fishing. 3．How do you understand “An inch of time is an inch of gold” in the passage? A．一寸光阴一寸金 B．一日之计在于晨 C．千金散尽还复来 D．黑发不知勤学早 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A music book. B．A news report. C．A science paper. D．A history book. Tim Berners-Lee is not the most famous inventor (发明家) in the world. However, his invention has changed our lives. He was born in London, England in 1955. When he was a small boy, Tim was interested in playing with electrical things. He studied science at Oxford University. He made his first computer from an old television at the age of 21. Tim started working on early computers. At that time, they were much bigger than now. He worked in England then Switzerland. Tim was really interested in two things, computers and how the brain works. How could the brain connect so many facts so quickly? He had to work with people all over the world. They shared information about computers. It was hard to manage all the information. He answered the same questions again and again. It took a lot of time. It was even difficult for computers in the same office in Switzerland to share information. Tim also forgot things easily. Could a computer work like a brain? Could it “talk” to other computers? There was an Internet already but it was difficult to use. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet. When people wanted to share information with others, they used the World Wide Web. The Internet grew quickly after that. Tim Berners-Lee doesn’t think he did anything special. He says that all of the ideas about the Internet were already there. All he did was to put them together. He says that many other people worked together to make the Internet what it is today. Most inventors want to become rich. But Tim gave away the World Wide Web for nothing. He now works in America. He helps people share technology and wants the Internet to be free for everyone to use. Maybe he is the most important but least famous inventor in the world today! 1．What was Tim Berners-Lee interested in? A．Looking for jobs in different cities. B．Talking to people around the world. C．Studying how to connect computers. D．Exploring how to improve memory. 2．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”. A．Working on early computers B．Connecting different facts together C．Travelling to the office in Switzerland D．Repeating the answers to the same questions 3．Why is Tim Berners-Lee one of the most important men in the world? A．He made information sharing on the Internet possible. B．He made the first computer when he was 21 years old. C．He helped people understand better how the brain works. D．He invented the Internet and made it free for everyone to use. 4．In what order did the following events take place? a. Tim worked in England. b. Tim worked in Switzerland. c. Tim made his first computer.   d. Tim invented the World Wide Web. e. Tim studied science at Oxford University. A．c – e – d – a - b B．e – c – a – b - d C．c – d – a – e - b D．e – b – a – c - d 进阶拓展训练5篇 Shakespeare’s Fun With Words William Shakespeare was a famous British playwright and poet. Many people think he was the best at using words in all of British history. His influence on the English language is still felt today. Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. It was a time when many things were changing. Wars were going on and people were exploring new lands. This made the English language keep changing, too. Shakespeare added to this change through his plays. In order for his characters to fully express their feelings, Shakespeare created new ways of saying things. Sometimes, he borrowed words from other languages. He also changed the way English words were used. Nouns were turned into verbs, and verbs were changed into adjectives. He also added parts to words to change their meaning. If he could not find the right word, he would simply invent a new one. Shakespeare also coined new phrases and sayings. Many of these are still used today. For example, “heart of gold” from Henry Ⅴ (《亨利五世》) is used to describe someone who is kind and caring. Shakespeare used language in new and clever ways in his plays. Because of this, his works are still loved by audiences today. 1．What was William Shakespeare? A．A popular British actor. B．A famous British painter. C．A well-known British scientist. D．A celebrated British playwright and poet. 2．How did Shakespeare contribute to the change of the English language? A．He only used old-fashioned words. B．He refused to borrow words from other languages. C．He created new ways of saying things for his characters. D．He made no changes to the use of English words. 3．What does the underlined word “coined” mean in English? A．Created. B．Copied. C．Paid. D．Hid. 4．Why are Shakespeare’s works still loved by audiences today? A．Because he used simple language in his plays. B．Because he used language in new and clever ways. C．Because his plays are very short. D．Because his works are easy to understand. One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应性）was Charles Darwin. He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors discovering nature more than attending medical classes. He left the school without graduation (毕业). Next, Charles’s father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn’t want to do the work-of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science. After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the ship Beagle as a scientist without any money. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their work was to make maps of the places they visited. On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five years. During the time, he saw many amazing man named Wallace. In the paper Darwin talked about how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still important to the study of living things. 1．What was Darwin’s work on the Beagle? A．Writing scientific papers. B．Making maps. C．Collecting plants and animals. D．Studying animals. 2．Where did Darwin start his travel? A．From South America. B．From America. C．From England. D．From North America. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Darwin’s father didn’t want him to become a minister. B．After finishing school Darwin worked as a scientist to make money. C．Darwin published an important scientific paper by himself. D．Darwin spent five years travelling to many places by ship. Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1, 200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new. Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age. When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world. 1．How often did Edison make a new invention? A．About every fourteen days. B．About every seven days. C．About once a week. D．About twice a week. 2．What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage? A．Gave somebody a job. B．Set fire to somebody. C．Let somebody down. D．Forced somebody to leave his job. 3．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage? A．Edison had only 8 hours rest each day because of work. B．Edison got his education mostly by self-teaching. C．Edison had his first job in 1869. D．Edison’s inventions greatly improved the quality of people’s life. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The function of the electric light. B．Edison and his experiments. C．The importance of inventions. D．The whole life of Edison. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Edison was lazy when he was young. B．Edison was poor so he needed to work on a train. C．He had little difficulties in experimenting. D．Edison was very hard-working. People call Mary’s grandmother a “walking encyclopaedia”. She could probably write an encyclopaedia without the help of anyone else! She is knowledgeable. When she takes part in quizzes, she always wins. She knows the answers to all the questions and always gets them right. “How do you know so many things?” Mary asked. “First, I never forget anything I read or hear. All the knowledge I get from books or TV programmes. It is kept inside my head. I like reading life stories best, so I know a lot about many famous people. Second, I have had a long and interesting life. I have done many different things. When I left school, I became a nurse and learnt a lot about health and medicine. Then I married your grandfather. He was a naturalist (博物学家) and studied plants and animals. His job took us to many different parts of the world, and I learnt about many countries and their wildlife. Then my sons—your father and his two brothers—were born. They grew up and liked all kinds of sports, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them.” 1．Mary’s grandmother is called a “walking encyclopaedia” because ________. A．she often joins in quizzes B．she knows so much C．she never does anything wrong D．she can write an encyclopaedia herself 2．Mary’s grandmother got the knowledge from the following EXCEPT ________. A．books B．TV programmes C．her sons D．famous people 3．There are ________ reasons for grandma’s rich knowledge. A．one B．two C．three D．four 4．Which sentence can best describe the article? A．Never too late to learn. B．Health is better than wealth. C．A good medicine tastes bitter. D．Failure is the mother of success. The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies in the heart of Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). It has a history of more than 500 years. The Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace museum. It is more than 720,000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters long and 760 meters wide, with about 9,000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420. In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into museum. And it is also the largest museum in China. It has a collection of one million valuable artworks, and most of them belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. Today, many visitors from all over the world come to visit the Palace Museum. 1．What is another name of the Palace Museum? A．The Summer Palace. B．The Forbidden City. C．The Great Wall. D．Tian’anmen Square. 2．When did people start to build the Forbidden City? A．In 1407. B．In 1406. C．in 1420. D．In 1925. 3．How long did it take to complete the construction of the Forbidden City? A．40 years. B．14 years. C．16 years. D．41 years. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Forbidden City was the imperial palaces in every dynasty in China. B．The Forbidden City was the largest palace museum in the world. C．The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters. D．The Forbidden City was changed into a museum in 1925. 5．This passage most probably comes from ________. A．a dictionary B．a notebook C．an encyclopaedia D．a storybook 能力综合实践5篇 Dictionaries are very important tools for students. When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage. There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries. Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples. In addition to dictionaries, there are other reference books like encyclopedias and thesauruses. Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words. Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency. 1．What can dictionaries help us find? A．Pronunciation, definition, and usage of words. B．Only pronunciation. C．Only definition. D．Only usage. 2．What types of dictionaries are mentioned? A．English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries. B．Only English-Chinese dictionaries. C．Only Chinese-English dictionaries. D．None of the above. 3．Why are online dictionaries popular? A．Because they are slow. B．Because they are convenient and provide more examples. C．Because they are hard to use. D．Because they are boring. 4．What can encyclopedias do? A．Help find synonyms. B．Give detailed knowledge about various topics. C．Only provide pictures. D．None of the above. 5．How can using reference books help students? A．By reducing study efficiency. B．By improving study efficiency. C．By making study more difficult. D．By wasting time. When I study English, I often use different reference books. First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words. It helps me understand the meanings and how to use them. Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise. I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information. In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry. They are very convenient. By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot. 1．What does the writer use to look up new words? A．An English - Chinese dictionary. B．A Chinese - English dictionary. C．A thesaurus. D．An encyclopedia. 2．Why does the writer use a thesaurus? A．To find new words. B．To find synonyms and make articles more precise. C．To learn about history. D．To waste time. 3．What does the writer use encyclopedias for? A．To look up new words. B．To find synonyms. C．To learn about different topics. D．To play games. 4．When does the writer use online dictionaries? A．When studying history. B．When in a hurry. C．When writing articles. D．When reading stories. 5．How has using reference books helped the writer? A．By making English learning more difficult. B．By improving English learning a lot. C．By wasting time. D．By reducing study efficiency. Jacques Cousteau was a man who loved the ocean deeply and often explored it on his holidays. When he was a child in France, Cousteau was weak and often sick. Doctors suggested he swim to become stronger. That started his great love for water. From then on, he would go to see the ocean for a vacation if he was free. One day, a friend gave him a pair of goggles (护目镜). These goggles were a game changer. He could finally see the wonderful world under the water clearly. At that time, the diving clothes were big and heavy. They made it hard for divers to move freely, and an air hose (软管) tied them to the boat. So Cousteau and his friend Emile Gagnan invented the Aqua Lung. It was the first tool that allowed divers to breathe underwater for a long time. With this, Cousteau was able to explore the ocean more freely. He bought a boat on vacation and changed it into a place for research and making films. He sailed around the world. He explored the cold waters of Antarctica and saw many interesting animals like penguins and whales. In Australia, he saw beautiful coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and even met the strange sea dragon like a leaf. Cousteau made a lot of books and films based on his travel and exploration experiences. His TV show let people see the amazing sea animals at home. Also, he started the Cousteau Society to teach people about the ocean and how to protect it from pollution. Thanks to him, more and more people began to love and care about the ocean. 1．What does the underlined word “That” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Cousteau being weak and sick. B．Doctors’ advice of swimming. C．Cousteau getting a pair of goggles. D．Cousteau seeing the underwater world. 2．Why did Cousteau and his friend invent the Aqua Lung? A．To make money. B．To become famous. C．Because the diving suits were expensive. D．Because the old suits limited movement and breath. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The Cousteau Society did little. B．Cousteau’s TV show wasn’t popular. C．Cousteau explored only near France. D．Without the Aqua Lung, free ocean exploration was hard. 4．Which is the best structure of this text? A．①②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②/③④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopaedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．What does the under lined words “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．手势 C．感受 D．态度 2．The second article probably comes from the encyclopaedia of ________ . A．plants B．fish C．animals D．nature 3．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Encyclopedias can give facts about science and music. B．Bizot didn’t say any words when he was giving a show. C．The fish swims in the water but can’t breathe in the water. D．Seals and otters eat smaller fish and sea plants. An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 2 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 Look it up! 单元话题（探索百科）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 ①Norman Bethune is one of the most famous heroes in China. He was a Canadian doctor. He came to China to help the Chinese people and died for them. ②Norman Bethune was born in 1890. He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded (受伤的) soldiers during the war there. He soon realized that many people were dying because they did not get to hospital quickly enough. Dr. Bethune developed new ways of taking care of the sick. He made special medical tools to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas so that doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. His special tools saved many lives. ③In 1938, Dr. Bethune came to China and helped treat the wounded during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, there were few doctors, so he had to work very hard on his own. His experience of treating people in Spain was useful in China. He developed training courses for local doctors and nurses, and wrote books so that they could learn about how he treated the sick. ④Dr. Bethune often worked very hard without resting or taking care of himself. Once, he even worked for sixty-nine hours without stopping and succeeded in saving over a hundred lives. One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation (手术), but he continued his work without treating it. In the end, he died of his wound. ⑤Dr. Bethune’s work for the Chinese people made him a hero in China. There are many books and films about him, and he is still remembered in both China and Canada today. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．Where did Norman Bethune come from? A．Japan. B．China. C．Canada. D．Spain. 2．The underlined word “treat” in Paragraph ② probably means ________. A．help someone solve a problem B．give someone medical care C．make someone laugh D．encourage someone 3．Why did Norman Bethune die in 1939? A．He was killed by the enemy. B．He died because of overwork. C．He died of a wound he got during an operation. D．He had a serious illness. 4．Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The Invention of Special Medical Tools B．Norman Bethune—A Canadian Hero in China C．Norman Bethune’s Experience in Spain D．The Anti-Japanese War 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了加拿大医生诺尔曼·白求恩的生平事迹，包括他在西班牙和中国救治伤员的经历以及他的牺牲精神，赞扬了他对中国人民的贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据“He was a Canadian doctor.”可知，白求恩来自加拿大。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936”和“the wounded (受伤的) soldiers during the war there.”可知，白求恩成为医生后于1936年前往西班牙医治受伤的士兵。“treat”在此处指“医治”，与选项B意思一致。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“he cut his finger during an operation...he died of his wound.”可知，白求恩因手术中受伤感染而去世。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍白求恩的身份和贡献；第二、三、四段讲述白求恩的生平；第五段总结他的英雄地位。因此，文章结构是①/②③④/⑤。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕白求恩在中国的贡献展开，强调他作为加拿大医生在中国抗战期间的英雄事迹，因此最佳标题是选项B“诺尔曼·白求恩——中国的加拿大英雄”。故选B。 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, spring (发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1．According to the passage, we can’t use the ________ to tell the time on a rainy day. A．water clock B．sun clock C．digital clock D．mechanical clock 2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph? A．modern B．special C．rich D．common 3．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? （①—paragraph 1,  ②—paragraph 2, …） A． B． C． D． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping. C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类历史上计时工具的发展，从古埃及的太阳钟和水钟，到机械钟、石英钟，再到现代的数字钟和卫星时间同步，强调了时间测量技术的进步以及它对人类生活的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.”可知，在阴天或晚上，不可能用太阳钟或日晷来报时。由于雨天通常也是阴天，因此日晷在雨天也无法使用。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可知，钟表制造变得便宜了，普通人拥有一块钟表也便宜了。因此，“ordinary”在这里的意思是“普通的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock.”，“ The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago.”，“In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. ”，“In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed.”，“More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. ”可知大约5500年前，埃及人发明了太阳钟；埃及人在3500年前制造了日晷；水钟是第一个不使用太阳的钟；在13世纪，机械钟被发明；1927年，第一个石英钟被发明；1956年，出现了数字钟。总共六种钟。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，文章第一段介绍了我们如何知道时间，第二段和第三段介绍了古代人们计时的方法现代计时工具的发展，第四段总结了计时技术的进步和一些不变的事情。因此，文章的结构是①—②③—④。选项A中的结构与此相符。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.”可知，文章主要讲述了计时技术的进步和变化。故选B。 Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, died in 2023. But his story will always inspire us. Huang was born in Guangdong in 1926. When he was young, China faced trouble from other countries. So he studied hard to help China become strong. In the 1950s, China wanted to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang and his team started this difficult job. At that time, there wasn’t much technology. They also didn’t have many things to use. They had to keep it a secret, so they couldn’t talk to their families. Huang didn’t go home for a long time. Building the submarines was not easy. Designing the important parts was very hard because they couldn’t learn from others. They used simple tools to do math. Making the submarines stay stable underwater was also difficult. But they found ways to solve these problems after many tries. In the 1970s, China’s first nuclear submarine was ready. China became one of the countries with this kind of submarine. Huang didn’t stop. He kept working to make the submarines better. He won many prizes, like the “Medal of the Republic” in 2019. We should learn from Huang Xuhua. His story teaches us to be brave when we face problems and work hard to make our country better. 1．When was Huang Xuhua born? A．In 1925. B．In 1926. C．In 1950. D．In 1970. 2．Why did Huang Xuhua study hard when he was young? A．Because he wanted to be a famous scientist. B．Because his family asked him to do so. C．Because he wanted to help China become strong. D．Because he was interested in science. 3．What was the situation like when China started to build nuclear submarines? A．There was a lot of advanced (先进的) technology. B．They had enough resources. C．They didn’t need to keep it secret. D．There wasn’t much technology and resources. 4．What does the word “secret” probably mean? A．A thing that is known by many people. B．A thing you mustn’t tell others. C．A public event. D．An easy thing to do. 5．What can we infer from the fact that Huang Xuhua didn’t go home for a long time? A．He didn’t like his home. B．He lost his way home. C．His family didn’t want him to come back. D．He was too busy with the important and secret submarine project. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国杰出科学家黄旭华的生平事迹及其对中国核潜艇事业的贡献，强调了他的坚韧精神和对国家的奉献。 1．细节理解题。根据“Huang was born in Guangdong in 1926.”可知，黄旭华1926年生于广东。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“When he was young, China faced trouble from other countries. So he studied hard to help China become strong.”可知，黄旭华年轻时努力学习，因为他想帮助中国变得强大。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“At that time, there wasn’t much technology. They also didn’t have many things to use.”可知，当中国开始建造核潜艇时，没有太多的技术和资源。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“They had to keep it a secret, so they couldn’t talk to their families.”可知，他们要保守秘密，所以不能和家人说话。secret意为“秘密”，即“一件你不能告诉别人的事”。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“They had to keep it a secret, so they couldn’t talk to their families. Huang didn’t go home for a long time.”可知，黄旭华很长一段时间没回家，他忙于这个重要而秘密的潜艇项目。故选D。 Wang Zhenbai was a hard-working poet (诗人) during China’s Tang Dynasty. As a young man, he believed studying could help him achieve his dreams. To further his studies, he moved to Bailudong Academy (白鹿洞书院) at the foot of Lushan Mountain. The academy was perfect for learning, with birds singing as students read aloud. Wang really enjoyed his daily life. Every day, he followed the same routine (常规): he would begin to read the book as soon as the sun rose in the morning, continue studying late into the night. He hardly noticed the weather changing outside. One spring afternoon, Wang was reading his book carefully. At this moment, a playful classmate passed by his window and walked into his room. He wanted to play with him and talked about something. Wang listened to his classmate carefully but quickly returned to his books. After the classmate left, Wang realized something important—while talking, study time had gone. Because of this experience, Wang wrote a famous poem: “Reading without noticing spring’s arrival, Every inch of time equals an inch of gold.” The poem’s second line “An inch of time is an inch of gold” became widely popular. It taught people that time is as valuable (贵重的) as treasure. Just like we protect gold, we should make good use of every minute. This saying remains important today. It reminds us that time never returns once lost. Whether studying, working, or helping others, we should value each moment. 1．Why did Wang Zhenbai move to Bailudong Academy? A．To enjoy the mountain. B．To make new friends. C．To continue his studies. D．To become a teacher. 2．What was Wang Zhenbai’s daily routine at the academy? A．Writing poems and climbing mountains. B．Reading books from sunrise to nighttime. C．Teaching younger students and planting trees. D．Practicing handwriting and fishing. 3．How do you understand “An inch of time is an inch of gold” in the passage? A．一寸光阴一寸金 B．一日之计在于晨 C．千金散尽还复来 D．黑发不知勤学早 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A music book. B．A news report. C．A science paper. D．A history book. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文讲述了唐代诗人王贞白在白鹿洞书院求学的故事，在此期间，他写下了“读书不觉已春深，一寸光阴一寸金”的名句，强调时间如黄金般宝贵，提醒人们要珍惜每一刻。 1．细节理解题。根据“To further his studies, he moved to Bailudong Academy at the foot of Lushan Mountain.”可知，王贞白搬到白鹿洞书院是为了继续深造。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Every day, he followed the same routine: he would begin to read the book as soon as the sun rose in the morning, continue studying late into the night.”可知，他每天从日出到深夜都在读书。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“It taught people that time is as valuable as treasure”可知，此处强调时间的珍贵。An inch of time is an inch of gold直译为“一寸时间是一寸黄金”，也强调时间的珍贵，与A项含义一致。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文本讲述了唐代诗人王贞白的求学经历及其诗句的由来，属于历史人物和文化典故相关内容，最可能出自历史书。故选D。 Tim Berners-Lee is not the most famous inventor (发明家) in the world. However, his invention has changed our lives. He was born in London, England in 1955. When he was a small boy, Tim was interested in playing with electrical things. He studied science at Oxford University. He made his first computer from an old television at the age of 21. Tim started working on early computers. At that time, they were much bigger than now. He worked in England then Switzerland. Tim was really interested in two things, computers and how the brain works. How could the brain connect so many facts so quickly? He had to work with people all over the world. They shared information about computers. It was hard to manage all the information. He answered the same questions again and again. It took a lot of time. It was even difficult for computers in the same office in Switzerland to share information. Tim also forgot things easily. Could a computer work like a brain? Could it “talk” to other computers? There was an Internet already but it was difficult to use. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet. When people wanted to share information with others, they used the World Wide Web. The Internet grew quickly after that. Tim Berners-Lee doesn’t think he did anything special. He says that all of the ideas about the Internet were already there. All he did was to put them together. He says that many other people worked together to make the Internet what it is today. Most inventors want to become rich. But Tim gave away the World Wide Web for nothing. He now works in America. He helps people share technology and wants the Internet to be free for everyone to use. Maybe he is the most important but least famous inventor in the world today! 1．What was Tim Berners-Lee interested in? A．Looking for jobs in different cities. B．Talking to people around the world. C．Studying how to connect computers. D．Exploring how to improve memory. 2．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”. A．Working on early computers B．Connecting different facts together C．Travelling to the office in Switzerland D．Repeating the answers to the same questions 3．Why is Tim Berners-Lee one of the most important men in the world? A．He made information sharing on the Internet possible. B．He made the first computer when he was 21 years old. C．He helped people understand better how the brain works. D．He invented the Internet and made it free for everyone to use. 4．In what order did the following events take place? a. Tim worked in England. b. Tim worked in Switzerland. c. Tim made his first computer.   d. Tim invented the World Wide Web. e. Tim studied science at Oxford University. A．c – e – d – a - b B．e – c – a – b - d C．c – d – a – e - b D．e – b – a – c - d 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了万维网的发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯-李的生平、研究兴趣、发明万维网的背景及过程，以及他对互联网发展的贡献和不求名利的态度。 1．细节理解题。根据“Tim was really interested in two things, computers and how the brain works. How could the brain connect so many facts so quickly? He had to work with people all over the world. They shared information about computers. It was hard to manage all the information... Could a computer work like a brain? Could it ‘talk’ to other computers?”可知，他对计算机以及计算机如何像大脑一样连接信息等相关内容感兴趣，即研究如何连接计算机。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“He answered the same questions again and again. It took a lot of time.”可知，“It”指的是重复回答相同的问题这件事。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet. When people wanted to share information with others, they used the World Wide Web. The Internet grew quickly after that.”可知，他发明了万维网，使互联网上的信息共享成为可能，因此他是世界上最重要的人之一。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“He studied science at Oxford University. He made his first computer from an old television at the age of 21. Tim started working on early computers... He worked in England then Switzerland. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) all by himself.”可知，事件发生的顺序是：在牛津大学学习科学（e）→ 制作第一台电脑（c）→ 在英国工作（a）→ 在瑞士工作（b）→ 发明万维网（d）。故选B。 进阶拓展训练5篇 Shakespeare’s Fun With Words William Shakespeare was a famous British playwright and poet. Many people think he was the best at using words in all of British history. His influence on the English language is still felt today. Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. It was a time when many things were changing. Wars were going on and people were exploring new lands. This made the English language keep changing, too. Shakespeare added to this change through his plays. In order for his characters to fully express their feelings, Shakespeare created new ways of saying things. Sometimes, he borrowed words from other languages. He also changed the way English words were used. Nouns were turned into verbs, and verbs were changed into adjectives. He also added parts to words to change their meaning. If he could not find the right word, he would simply invent a new one. Shakespeare also coined new phrases and sayings. Many of these are still used today. For example, “heart of gold” from Henry Ⅴ (《亨利五世》) is used to describe someone who is kind and caring. Shakespeare used language in new and clever ways in his plays. Because of this, his works are still loved by audiences today. 1．What was William Shakespeare? A．A popular British actor. B．A famous British painter. C．A well-known British scientist. D．A celebrated British playwright and poet. 2．How did Shakespeare contribute to the change of the English language? A．He only used old-fashioned words. B．He refused to borrow words from other languages. C．He created new ways of saying things for his characters. D．He made no changes to the use of English words. 3．What does the underlined word “coined” mean in English? A．Created. B．Copied. C．Paid. D．Hid. 4．Why are Shakespeare’s works still loved by audiences today? A．Because he used simple language in his plays. B．Because he used language in new and clever ways. C．Because his plays are very short. D．Because his works are easy to understand. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了英国著名的剧作家和诗人莎士比亚。 1．细节理解题。根据“William Shakespeare was a famous British playwright and poet.”可知，威廉·莎士比亚是英国著名的剧作家和诗人。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In order for his characters to fully express their feelings, Shakespeare created new ways of saying things.”可知，为了让他笔下的人物充分表达他们的感情，莎士比亚创造了新的表达方式。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Shakespeare also coined new phrases and sayings. Many of these are still used today.”可知，此处是指他创造了短语和谚语，划线部分单词与created意思相近。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Shakespeare used language in new and clever ways in his plays. Because of this, his works are still loved by audiences today.”可知，莎士比亚在他的戏剧中以新颖巧妙的方式使用语言。故选B。 One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应性）was Charles Darwin. He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors discovering nature more than attending medical classes. He left the school without graduation (毕业). Next, Charles’s father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn’t want to do the work-of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science. After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the ship Beagle as a scientist without any money. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their work was to make maps of the places they visited. On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five years. During the time, he saw many amazing man named Wallace. In the paper Darwin talked about how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still important to the study of living things. 1．What was Darwin’s work on the Beagle? A．Writing scientific papers. B．Making maps. C．Collecting plants and animals. D．Studying animals. 2．Where did Darwin start his travel? A．From South America. B．From America. C．From England. D．From North America. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Darwin’s father didn’t want him to become a minister. B．After finishing school Darwin worked as a scientist to make money. C．Darwin published an important scientific paper by himself. D．Darwin spent five years travelling to many places by ship. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文讲述了查尔斯·达尔文是研究适应性的最著名的科学家之一。他乘坐小猎犬号从英国启航。这次旅行中他们去了很多地方。在一篇论文中，达尔文谈到了一些动物是如何通过适应来帮助它们生存下来的。达尔文关于适应性的观点对生物的研究仍然很重要。 1．细节理解题。根据“Their work was to make maps of the places they visited.”可知，达尔文在小猎犬号上的工作是绘制地图，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle.”可知，达尔文是从英国开始了他的旅行，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their work was to make maps of the places they visited.”和“In fact, it lasted five years.”可知，达尔文花了五年时间乘船去了许多地方。故选D。 Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1, 200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new. Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age. When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world. 1．How often did Edison make a new invention? A．About every fourteen days. B．About every seven days. C．About once a week. D．About twice a week. 2．What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage? A．Gave somebody a job. B．Set fire to somebody. C．Let somebody down. D．Forced somebody to leave his job. 3．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage? A．Edison had only 8 hours rest each day because of work. B．Edison got his education mostly by self-teaching. C．Edison had his first job in 1869. D．Edison’s inventions greatly improved the quality of people’s life. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The function of the electric light. B．Edison and his experiments. C．The importance of inventions. D．The whole life of Edison. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Edison was lazy when he was young. B．Edison was poor so he needed to work on a train. C．He had little difficulties in experimenting. D．Edison was very hard-working. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生。 1．细节理解题。根据“About every two weeks he created something new.”可知爱迪生每两周就会创造一些新的东西。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well.”（不幸的是，他的第一次工作经历并不顺利。）以及“when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.”（他不小心把火车的地板点着了。）可知爱迪生被解雇了，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Thomas Edison was born in 1847.”（托马斯·爱迪生生于1847年）以及“When he was 12 years old, he got his first job.”（12岁时，他得到了第一份工作。）可知爱迪生是在1847+12=1859年得到第一份工作，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. ”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生，故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.”（他总是每24小时工作16小时。有时他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。）可推知爱迪生很勤奋，故选D。 People call Mary’s grandmother a “walking encyclopaedia”. She could probably write an encyclopaedia without the help of anyone else! She is knowledgeable. When she takes part in quizzes, she always wins. She knows the answers to all the questions and always gets them right. “How do you know so many things?” Mary asked. “First, I never forget anything I read or hear. All the knowledge I get from books or TV programmes. It is kept inside my head. I like reading life stories best, so I know a lot about many famous people. Second, I have had a long and interesting life. I have done many different things. When I left school, I became a nurse and learnt a lot about health and medicine. Then I married your grandfather. He was a naturalist (博物学家) and studied plants and animals. His job took us to many different parts of the world, and I learnt about many countries and their wildlife. Then my sons—your father and his two brothers—were born. They grew up and liked all kinds of sports, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them.” 1．Mary’s grandmother is called a “walking encyclopaedia” because ________. A．she often joins in quizzes B．she knows so much C．she never does anything wrong D．she can write an encyclopaedia herself 2．Mary’s grandmother got the knowledge from the following EXCEPT ________. A．books B．TV programmes C．her sons D．famous people 3．There are ________ reasons for grandma’s rich knowledge. A．one B．two C．three D．four 4．Which sentence can best describe the article? A．Never too late to learn. B．Health is better than wealth. C．A good medicine tastes bitter. D．Failure is the mother of success. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了被称为“行走的百科全书”的玛丽的祖母是怎样变得如此知识渊博的。 1．细节理解题。根据“People call Mary’s grandmother a ‘walking encyclopaedia’. She could probably write an encyclopaedia without the help of anyone else! She is knowledgeable.”可知玛丽的祖母被称为“行走的百科全书”，是因为她知道很多知识。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“All the knowledge I get from books or TV programmes”以及“Then my sons—your father and his two brothers—were born. They grew up and liked all kinds of sport, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them”可知玛丽的祖母从书中、电视节目以及自己的儿子身上获得知识，不包括著名的人，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“First, I never forget anything I read or hear...Second...”可知玛丽的祖母知识丰富是有两个原因。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了被称为“行走的百科全书”的玛丽的祖母是如何变得知识渊博的，所以“活到老，学到老”最适合描述这篇文章，故选A。 The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies in the heart of Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). It has a history of more than 500 years. The Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace museum. It is more than 720,000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters long and 760 meters wide, with about 9,000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420. In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into museum. And it is also the largest museum in China. It has a collection of one million valuable artworks, and most of them belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. Today, many visitors from all over the world come to visit the Palace Museum. 1．What is another name of the Palace Museum? A．The Summer Palace. B．The Forbidden City. C．The Great Wall. D．Tian’anmen Square. 2．When did people start to build the Forbidden City? A．In 1407. B．In 1406. C．in 1420. D．In 1925. 3．How long did it take to complete the construction of the Forbidden City? A．40 years. B．14 years. C．16 years. D．41 years. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The Forbidden City was the imperial palaces in every dynasty in China. B．The Forbidden City was the largest palace museum in the world. C．The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters. D．The Forbidden City was changed into a museum in 1925. 5．This passage most probably comes from ________. A．a dictionary B．a notebook C．an encyclopaedia D．a storybook 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City.”可知，故宫博物院也被称为紫禁城。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it.”可知，1406年，人们开始建造它。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 130.”可知，1406年开始建造，130年建成，共用了14年的时间。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代).”可知，故宫博物院是明清两个朝代的皇宫，不是中国每个朝代的皇宫，A错误。故选A。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆，例举了一些基本知识，最可能出自一本百科全书。故选C。 能力综合实践5篇 Dictionaries are very important tools for students. When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage. There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries. Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples. In addition to dictionaries, there are other reference books like encyclopedias and thesauruses. Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words. Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency. 1．What can dictionaries help us find? A．Pronunciation, definition, and usage of words. B．Only pronunciation. C．Only definition. D．Only usage. 2．What types of dictionaries are mentioned? A．English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries. B．Only English-Chinese dictionaries. C．Only Chinese-English dictionaries. D．None of the above. 3．Why are online dictionaries popular? A．Because they are slow. B．Because they are convenient and provide more examples. C．Because they are hard to use. D．Because they are boring. 4．What can encyclopedias do? A．Help find synonyms. B．Give detailed knowledge about various topics. C．Only provide pictures. D．None of the above. 5．How can using reference books help students? A．By reducing study efficiency. B．By improving study efficiency. C．By making study more difficult. D．By wasting time. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了几种参考书，以及这些参考书的用途。 1．细节理解题。根据“When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage.”可知，字典可以帮助我们找到单词的发音、定义和用法。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries.”可知，文中提到的词典有英汉词典和汉英词典，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples.”可知，在线词典现在也很流行，因为它们很方便，并提供了更多的例子。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words.”可知，百科全书可以给你关于不同主题的详细知识。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency.”可知，使用参考书帮助学生提高学习效率。故选B。 When I study English, I often use different reference books. First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words. It helps me understand the meanings and how to use them. Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise. I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information. In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry. They are very convenient. By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot. 1．What does the writer use to look up new words? A．An English - Chinese dictionary. B．A Chinese - English dictionary. C．A thesaurus. D．An encyclopedia. 2．Why does the writer use a thesaurus? A．To find new words. B．To find synonyms and make articles more precise. C．To learn about history. D．To waste time. 3．What does the writer use encyclopedias for? A．To look up new words. B．To find synonyms. C．To learn about different topics. D．To play games. 4．When does the writer use online dictionaries? A．When studying history. B．When in a hurry. C．When writing articles. D．When reading stories. 5．How has using reference books helped the writer? A．By making English learning more difficult. B．By improving English learning a lot. C．By wasting time. D．By reducing study efficiency. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学习英语时，经常使用的不同的参考书。 1．细节理解题。根据“First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words.”可知，作者用英汉词典查生词。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise.”可知，有时，作者会使用同义词库为写作找到更好的单词。这使作者的文章更加精确。所以B选项“查找同义词，使文章更精确。”符合题意。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information.”可知，作者也喜欢用百科全书来学习不同的主题。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry.”可知，赶时间的时候，作者会使用在线词典。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot.”可知，通过使用这些参考书，作者的英语学习有了很大的提高。故选B。 Jacques Cousteau was a man who loved the ocean deeply and often explored it on his holidays. When he was a child in France, Cousteau was weak and often sick. Doctors suggested he swim to become stronger. That started his great love for water. From then on, he would go to see the ocean for a vacation if he was free. One day, a friend gave him a pair of goggles (护目镜). These goggles were a game changer. He could finally see the wonderful world under the water clearly. At that time, the diving clothes were big and heavy. They made it hard for divers to move freely, and an air hose (软管) tied them to the boat. So Cousteau and his friend Emile Gagnan invented the Aqua Lung. It was the first tool that allowed divers to breathe underwater for a long time. With this, Cousteau was able to explore the ocean more freely. He bought a boat on vacation and changed it into a place for research and making films. He sailed around the world. He explored the cold waters of Antarctica and saw many interesting animals like penguins and whales. In Australia, he saw beautiful coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and even met the strange sea dragon like a leaf. Cousteau made a lot of books and films based on his travel and exploration experiences. His TV show let people see the amazing sea animals at home. Also, he started the Cousteau Society to teach people about the ocean and how to protect it from pollution. Thanks to him, more and more people began to love and care about the ocean. 1．What does the underlined word “That” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Cousteau being weak and sick. B．Doctors’ advice of swimming. C．Cousteau getting a pair of goggles. D．Cousteau seeing the underwater world. 2．Why did Cousteau and his friend invent the Aqua Lung? A．To make money. B．To become famous. C．Because the diving suits were expensive. D．Because the old suits limited movement and breath. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The Cousteau Society did little. B．Cousteau’s TV show wasn’t popular. C．Cousteau explored only near France. D．Without the Aqua Lung, free ocean exploration was hard. 4．Which is the best structure of this text? A．①②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②/③④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了雅克·库斯托从小热爱海洋，并为探索海洋及保护海洋做贡献。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Doctors suggested he swim to become stronger. That started his great love for water.”可知，这里That指代前文医生建议他游泳这件事。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“At that time, the diving clothes were big and heavy. They made it hard for divers to move freely, and an air hose tied them to the boat. So Cousteau and his friend Emile Gagnan invented the Aqua Lung.”可知，因为旧的潜水装备限制了潜水员的行动和呼吸，所以他们发明了水肺。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“At that time, the diving clothes were big and heavy. They made it hard for divers to move freely, and an air hose tied them to the boat.”和“So Cousteau and his friend Emile Gagnan invented the Aqua Lung. It was the first tool that allowed divers to breathe underwater for a long time. With this, Cousteau was able to explore the ocean more freely.”可知，旧的潜水装备使潜水员行动受限，而水肺让库斯托能更自由地探索海洋。所以没有水肺，自由探索海洋会很困难。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。根据全文可知，①②段介绍了库斯托早期与海洋相关的经历；③④⑤介绍他长大后在海洋探索方面的具体行动及影响。故选C。 Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopaedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 1．What does the under lined words “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．手势 C．感受 D．态度 2．The second article probably comes from the encyclopaedia of ________ . A．plants B．fish C．animals D．nature 3．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Encyclopedias can give facts about science and music. B．Bizot didn’t say any words when he was giving a show. C．The fish swims in the water but can’t breathe in the water. D．Seals and otters eat smaller fish and sea plants. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文告诉百科全书能够为我们提供关于各种学科的事实和信息，并介绍了两篇来自百科全书的文章。一篇关于哑剧大师菲利普•比佐特，一篇关于海洋动物的。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，比佐是一名哑剧大师，他通常通过身体、手势和面部表情来表演节目，可知推知“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea?”可知，第二篇文章主要介绍了生活在海洋里的一些动物。由此可知，这篇文章可能来自动物的百科全书，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish… There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin…Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭)love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air.”可知，鲸鱼不是鱼，它在水中游泳，不能在水中呼吸。但鱼却不是，它既能在水中游泳，也能在水中呼吸。C项说法错误，但符合题意。故选C。 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。 2 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$