专题3.2.3 非谓语动词之动词不定式（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）2026届高考英语一轮复习【语法核心突破·精讲精练】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“非谓语动词之动词不定式”专题，依据高考评价体系覆盖作宾语/宾补、主语/表语、定语、状语、固定搭配五大考向，通过2020-2025年高考真题精析，结合表格归纳不定式的时态语态及句法功能，明确状语和宾语为高频考点，构建单句语法填空等常考题型的完整备考体系。 课件亮点在于“真题溯源+易错突破+分层集训”策略，如以2025全国I卷hope to present为例，解析不定式作宾语的固定搭配，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。书面表达易错点聚焦主动被动意识等问题，考点集训分基础与综合训练，帮助学生掌握答题规律，教师可据此精准教学，实现高效备考。

专题3.2.3 非谓语动词之动词不定式 2026届高考英语一轮复习 【语法核心突破•精讲精练】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2025年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中动词不定式易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词不定式专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1　动词不定式作宾语或补足语 考向2　动词不定式作主语或表语 考向3　动词不定式作定语 考向4　动词不定式作状语 考向5　动词不定式的固定搭配 非谓语动词 动词不定式的形式及句法功能 非谓语动词 动词不定式的核心考点 1.重温高考真题 考向1　动词不定式作宾语或补足语 单句语法填空 1. (2025年高考英语全国I卷)We hope       (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 to present 2. (2024年新课标高考I卷) These sepals open on warm days _______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 to give 3. (2024年全国高考甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 to catch 4. (2024年高考英语北京卷)Taking the time           (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of        (self-awareness). 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 to rest 5. (2023·高考英语全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill ...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide whether to do sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 6. (2023·高考英语全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 to bite to be lifted 7. (2023年新高考英语北京卷)She called for action         (address) the struggles of people around the world     (facing) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 to address 考向2　作主语或表语 单句语法填空 1. (2021·全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：可以步行或骑自行车走完全部14公里。此处是一个句型：It is possible to do ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to walk。 to walk 2.（24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习）Wong seemed        (draw) little distinction between the two, at least in terms of the artistry he brought       (to) every project. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：至少在他为每个项目带来的艺术性方面，Wong似乎并没有在这两者之间画出明显的界限。seem to do sth.为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，此处draw发生在seemed之前，需用动词不定式的完成式做表语。故填to have drawn。 to have drawn 3.（2025·北京东城·二模）Her goal is          (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的目标是在毕业前捐出2万磅蔬菜。说明主语的内容，应用不定式作表语。故填to donate。 to donate 4.（24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）Paul knew it was his time          (shine). He gave it his best shot and the other team couldn’t even keep up with him. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：保罗知道是时候发光了。it is one’s time to do sth.表示“是某人做什么事情的时候了”，所以空格处应填动词不定式，it是形式主语，不定式to shine是真实的主语。故填to shine。 to shine 5.（24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）Thus it is critical           (achieve) sustainable food systems. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：因此，实现可持续的粮食系统至关重要。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，故“　 (achieve) sustainable food systems”是真正的主语，用不定式作真正的主语，故填to achieve。 to achieve 6.（24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）So, they often eat dim sum during their tea parties for breakfast and lunch. A Cantonese chef’s goal is          (preserve) the food’s original flavor. 考查动词不定式。句意：粤菜厨师的目标是保持食物的原汁原味。主语是goal，用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。故填to preserve。 to preserve 考向3　作定语 单句语法填空 2. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填to journey。 to journey 1. (2025年高考英语全国II卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance           (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 to discover 3. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women         (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive      (solution) to one-time event dressing. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women        (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。 to rent 4.（2025·江西上饶·二模）Whoever appreciates Peking Opera can find a unique perspective, while I was particularly fascinated by the beautiful stage accessories, which aroused my desire        (collect) and restore fans. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论谁欣赏京剧，都能找到一个独特的视角，而我特别着迷于那些美丽的舞台配饰，这激发了我收藏和修复扇子的欲望。which引导的定语从句的谓语为aroused，此处为非谓语动词，此处作后置定语，修饰名词desire，应用动词collect“收藏”的不定式，故填to collect。 to collect 5.（24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习）In 2006, the textile techniques of the Li people were among the first            (name) a national intangible cultural heritage. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2006年，黎族的纺织技术首批被列为国家非物质文化遗产。句中were为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。the first后接动词不定式作后置定语；同时name与 the first 是逻辑上的被动关系可知，此处用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be named。 to be named 6.（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测）This fashion week is a crucial move           (deepen) China-France cultural exchange and cooperation in the realm of fashion, aligning with the specific measures outlined in the joint        (declaration) to enhance collaboration in the cultural and creative industries between China and France. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这场时装周是深化中法在时尚领域文化交流与合作的关键举措，与两国联合声明中提出的加强文化创意产业合作的具体措施相一致。a move to do sth.为固定结构，意为“做某事的举措”，不定式作后置定语。故填to deepen。 to deepen 考向4　作状语 单句语法填空 1. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __ (visibility), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _______ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 to find 2. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra __________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空白处句子意为：然而，如果你正在为自己一人购物，仅仅为了享受价格折扣而多买是不明智的。根据句意及句子结构可知，空白处应用动词不定式作 buying extra 的目的状语。 to benefit 3. (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) — ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 to teach 4. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，......以提高效率......。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 to increase 5. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 　______ (see) them. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to see。 to see 6. (2022·全国乙卷) _____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，......”。故填To strengthen。 To strengthen 7. (2021·全国II卷) I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) people about this problem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to educate。  to educate 考向5　固定搭配 单句语法填空 1. (2021·全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”，是一个固定搭配。故填to have。 to have 2. (2020·全国II卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。本题为“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth”句式，和前面的to publish一样，用不定式。所以填to begin。 to begin 3.（24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）The new Beijing venue of NNHMC (The National Natural History Museum of China) is scheduled           (start) trial operation in October, 2029. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：新场馆北京将于2029年10月开始试运行。短语be scheduled to表示“计划安排”。故填to start。 to start 4.（2025·四川绵阳·三模）Even in modern-day efforts to treat disease, TCM still has the ability          (keep) the trend. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在现代治疗疾病的努力中，中医仍然有能力跟上潮流。“the ability to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事的能力”，用动词不定式to keep作后置定语修饰“ability”。故填to keep。 to keep 6.（24-25高三上·福建莆田·期末）One of the primary benefits is their ability           (reduce) air pollution. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：其主要好处之一是它们有减少空气污染的能力。the ability to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的能力”，所以此处用动词不定式to reduce作后置定语，修饰ability。故填to reduce。 to reduce 5.（2025·江西宜春·二模）Her tireless efforts make Huangmei Opera       (attractive) to younger generations and ensure its lasting place in the cultural landscape for years           (come). 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她不懈的努力使黄梅戏对年轻一代有吸引力，并确保它在未来几年的文化版图中占有一席之地。“for years to come”是固定短语，意为“未来几年”，不定式作后置定语。故填to come。 to come 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 2. 考 点 精 析 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 非谓语动词--不定式的核心考点 1. 非谓语动词--不定式作状语 ①表示目的，在句子中做目的状语。 We need more evidence to catch the criminal. (相当于in order / so as to) ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 They finally reached the mountaintop, only to be told the view was blocked by fog. ③too...to... 结构，too 修饰形容词或副词，不定式表示否定含义。only too...to... 或否定词+too...to... 结构，不定式表示肯定含义。 The problem is too complicated for the students to solve easily. 这个问题太复杂，学生们难以轻易解决。 We are only too pleased to announce the new partnership. 我们非常荣幸宣布新的合作。 We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ④enough to... 结构，enough 后置修饰形容词或副词，意思是“足以……”。 She spoke loudly enough to be heard by everyone. 她说话够大声，所有人都能听见。 ⑤不定式有些约定俗成的说法，可以用作独立状语，主要有： to begin with 首先 to tell the truth / to be honest 说实话 to cut a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to be sure 可以肯定的是 to be frank 坦率地说 to put it bluntly 直白地说 to sum up 总之 to conclude 综上所述 to make matters worse 更糟的是 to be fair 公平地说 to do him justice 公正地说 To be honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough. 2. 非谓语动词--不定式作定语 不定式一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。 ①表示将来的动作： Passengers to arrive at Terminal 2 should check the screen. The new equipment to be bought next month will improve efficiency. 不定式作定语的特殊用法： ②修饰抽象名词：chance, right, courage, promise, time, opportunity, way, ability, reason, the first, the second, the last, the only等。 It’s high time for him to take responsibility. ③不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 He felt lonely because there was no one to look after him in the hospital. ④不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如果不定式为不及物动词，需要带上相应介词。 They are searching for a safer neighborhood to raise their children in. 他们在寻找一个更安全的社区养育孩子。 We brought a blanket to cover ourselves with. 我们带了条毯子盖着用。 ⑤修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词： She says the best way to improve cooking is to practice with simple recipes. 她说提升厨艺的最佳方式是从简单食谱开始练习。 3. 非谓语动词---动词不定式做宾语 ①动词agree, offer, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, dare, choose, wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine等后面接不定式作宾语，可以利用“顺口溜”来记忆：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。动词come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。 The spokesperson flatly refused to respond to the accusation. 发言人断然拒绝回应指控。 When our children feel we believe in them, they grow to believe in themselves. 注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach, decide, show, wonder, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss等。 The manual explains how to assemble the furniture. 说明书解释了如何组装家具。 ②在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 We found it impossible to finish the report without more data. We feel it a great opportunity to collaborate with your company. ③在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等)的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。 We planned to have visited you last summer, but travel restrictions stopped us. I intended to have finished the report by Friday, but I got sick. ④作介词的宾语 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 　The email contained no information except to announce the meeting time. She had no choice but to accept the job offer due to financial pressure. When the power went out, there was nothing to do but light candles. ⑤作be + 形容词的宾语 有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。 (1)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。 If you practice more, you ’ll be able to play this song perfectly. She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. The manager is anxious to resolve the customer’s complaint. The students were happy to be given extra time to complete the exam. Despite failures, he was determined to start his own business. The students are eager to learn about artificial intelligence for their future development. (2)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, nice, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。 　This math problem is extremely difficult to solve without a calculator. 这道数学题极难解决，不用计算器根本无法完成。 　This tap water is declared not fit to drink by the health department. 卫生部门声明，该自来水不符合饮用标准。 　People from strict cultures may be hard to get along with if you’re too casual. 若你太随意，可能难以与严格文化背景的人相处。 注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。 　Glacial lakes may be freezing to swim in even in summer. 冰川湖即便在夏季游泳也可能极冷。 　The camping mat was surprisingly comfortable to sleep on. 这张露营垫意外地好睡。 4. 非谓语动词--不定式作宾语补足语 ①接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, leave, like, mean, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on/upon, long for, wait for等。 The doctor advised him to quit smoking immediately. The school forbade teenagers to swim in the river. My parents allowed me to stay out until midnight on weekends. I put a mark in the margin to remind me to check the figure. The teacher encouraged the students to ask questions freely. We’re all longing for the new summer holiday to begin. The boss expects us to finish the report by Friday. ②接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make, have, let等使役动词以及see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。 We must let struggling families understand their rights to housing support. 我们必须让困难家庭明白他们享有住房援助的权利。 The suspect was noticed to leave the building at midnight. 有人注意到嫌疑人午夜时离开了大楼。 省to不定式作宾补顺口溜： 省to宾补有十一，五看二听三使役； 一个帮助两均可，还有一个是感觉。 如若主动变被动，小to一定要带齐。 ③with＋宾语＋动词不定式(宾补) 通常表示不定式所表示的动作尚未发生或在当时看来尚未发生。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the team worked late into the night. 有许多难题待解决，团队工作到深夜。 As a struggling artist, he often woke up with nothing to eat but instant noodles. 作为穷困的艺术家，他常只有泡面充饥。 Mom came home with a mountain of laundry to do after our camping trip. 妈妈从露营回来，面对堆积如山的待洗衣物。 With such good cadres to carry out the reforms, the village’s poverty alleviation progress accelerated. 有这样优秀的干部落实改革，该村的脱贫进程加快了。 5. 非谓语动词 --动词不定式作表语 说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。它和主语处在同等地位。它所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语所产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。 Her role as a caregiver is to bear the emotional weight of others’ pain. 她作为看护者的角色是承受他人痛苦的情感重担。 Our mission is to live in harmony with nature. 我们的使命是与自然和谐共处。 ①动词不定式作表语一般带to，但如果主语部分有实义动词do，可以带to，也可以省略to。 What he wanted to do was (to) wash his hands of it. 他打算不再参与此事。 When the wifi crashes, the only thing to do is (to) restart the router. 网络崩溃时，唯一能做的就是重启路由器。 ② “how/what/when/where/which/why +不定式短语”结构作表语 The real challenge is how to improve productivity without overtime. 真正的挑战是如何不加班也能提高效率。 The last chapter is where to find the author’s final conclusions. 最后一章是了解作者最终结论的部分。 The manual’s first page is what to do and why to do it when the system crashes. 手册首页写明了系统崩溃时的处理步骤及原理。 The key to investing is knowing when to buy and when to sell. 投资的诀窍是知道何时买入与何时卖出。 ③“for there to be +n.”结构作表语 What John was waiting for was for there to be complete silence. 约翰等待着要大家完全安静下来。 3.书面表达中动词不定式易错点聚焦 1. 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识 Scientists deem it illogical for this theory to dismiss without testing. Scientists deem it illogical for this theory to be dismissed without testing. (误) (正) Poor communication is not to be blamed for the project delay. Poor communication is not to blame for the project delay. (误) (正) Russia’s political landscape has never been easy to be predicted. Russia’s political landscape has never been easy to predict. (误) (正) 2. 缺少搭配意识 She couldn’t help cleaning the house because she was sick. She couldn’t help (to) clean the house because she was sick. (误) (正) The chef went on to chop vegetables, then went on preparing the sauce. The chef went on chopping vegetables, then went on to prepare the sauce. (误) (正) 3. 缺少结构意识 It’s very important for students listening to teachers carefully. It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (误) (正) Their proposal is worth being considered seriously. Their proposal is worthy of being considered seriously. Their proposal is worthy to be considered seriously. (误) (正) (正) There’s still a long way goes to achieve gender equality. There’s still a long way to go to achieve gender equality. (误) (正) 4. 考 点 集 训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(原创) 1. Ancient traditions may not always be understood, but they are _______ (respect). 【解析】to be respected 句意：古老的传统未必总能被理解，但它们应被尊重。不定式被动(to be done)在此处表被动义务或普遍价值。和前一句结构一致。 2. The award was _______ (give) yesterday, but the ceremony was postponed. 【解析】to have been given 句意：奖项原定昨日颁发，但仪式延期了。was/were + to have been + 过去分词：表示 “过去计划做但未实现的事”，属于“不定式完成被动式”。因奖项(award)是“被颁发”的对象，需用被动形式。 3. Innovation often happens when people are forced ________ (think) differently. 【解析】to think 句意：创新往往在人们被迫以不同方式思考时发生。be forced to do是一个固定结构。forced 为过去分词，表被动；to think 为不定式，表被迫的具体行为。完整结构：主语 + be forced + to + 动词原形。 4. The scientist is known ________ (publish) groundbreaking research in 2020. 【解析】to have published 句意：这位科学家因2020年发表突破性研究而闻名。科学家因 2020年已完成的动作(发表研究)而被广泛知晓。强调“发表” 这一过去行为对当前声誉的影响。 5. The volunteers’ efforts are ________ (praise) for saving lives during the disaster. 【解析】to be praised 句意：志愿者们因在灾难中拯救生命的努力应受表彰。志愿者们的努力(efforts)因其在灾难中挽救生命的行为 值得被公开赞扬或表彰。强调 “应当被认可” 的被动意义，而非主动表扬他人。 6. A true leader knows when to listen and when ________ (not shut) out criticism. 【解析】not to shut 句意：真正的领导者懂得何时倾听，何时不拒绝批评。优秀的领导者能平衡 “倾听” 与 “不排斥批评” 的时机，体现开放与自省的态度。not to shut out强调主动选择不封闭(批评意见)。此处与前半句when to listen并列，形成对称结构。 7. ________ (speak) frankly, we need to reconsider the budget and decide what to do next. 【解析】To speak 句意：坦率地说，我们需要重新评估预算并决定下一步行动。说话者以直接、坦诚的方式提出建议，强调 “重新评估预算” 和 “制定后续计划” 的必要性。To speak frankly作为插入语，表明后续内容是直言不讳的观点。用于修饰整个句子，表达说话态度。 8. The new law ensures that minors are ________ (not punish) as severely as adults. 【解析】not to be punished 句意：新法规定未成年人不应像成人一样被严惩。be + to do结构表示“应该/必须”，这里用被动形式be + to be punished表示“应该被惩罚”。否定形式：在to前加not → not to be punished。 9. The proposal ________ (discuss) next week aims to solve traffic congestion. 【解析】to be discussed 句意：下周将审议的提案旨在解决交通拥堵问题。需要修饰proposal的定语，表示“将被讨论的提案”，时间状语next week表明是将来的动作。不定式to do的被动形式：to be + 过去分词 → to be discussed，作后置定语表示“将要发生的被动动作”。 10. ________ (learn) a new language requires a person’s patience and practice. 【解析】To learn 句意：学习一门新语言需要一个人的耐心和练习。本句强调的是一种普遍事实或抽象概念(学习语言需要耐心和练习)，因此更常用不定式(to learn)。又因用在句首，注意第一个字母要大写。 II.语法填空原创(非谓语动词--动词不定式专练) The Beauty of Chinese Traditional Culture Chinese traditional culture is a treasure trove of wisdom and values that have been passed down for thousands of years. 1  (understand) its depth, one must explore its key aspects, from philosophy to art. Confucianism teaches us  2  (respect) elders and to uphold moral integrity. Daoism encourages people  3  (live) in harmony with nature, while Buddhism guides us  4  (seek) inner peace. These philosophies shape Chinese values even today. Traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival, remind people  5  (reunite) with family and to celebrate heritage. Calligraphy and painting allow artists  6  (express) emotions through brushstrokes, while Peking Opera combines music and drama  7  (tell) legendary stories. Moreover, Chinese medicine advises people 8  (balance) body and mind for health. The art of tea drinking is not just about taste but also a way  9  (cultivate) patience and mindfulness. 10  (preserve) these traditions is to honor China’s rich history. By learning from the past, we can build a meaningful future. 【导语】本文介绍了中华传统文化的核心内容，包括儒家思想、道家哲学、佛教智慧、传统节日、书法绘画、京剧、中医和茶道等，强调这些传统对现代生活的深远影响。 1. To understand 考查不定式做主语。句意：要理解其深度，必须探索其关键方面…。 To understand 是不定式作主语，表示“理解”这一行为是后续动作的前提。 2. to respect 考查不定式做宾语。句意：儒家思想教导我们尊敬长辈并坚守道德操守。to respect 和 to uphold是并列的不定式作宾语，跟在动词 teaches 后，表示教导的内容。 3. to live 考查不定式做宾补。句意：道家鼓励人们与自然和谐共处……。不定式作宾语补足语，说明 encourages 的具体内容。 4. to seek 考查不定式做宾补。句意：佛教引导我们寻求内心的平静。to seek 是不定式作宾补，表示“引导”的目标。 5. to reunite 考查不定式做宾补。句意：传统节日提醒人们与家人团聚……。to reunite是不定式作宾语补足语，说明 remind的具体内容。 6. to express 考查不定式做宾补。句意：书法和绘画让艺术家通过笔墨表达情感……。to express 是不定式作宾语补足语，表示“允许”的具体行为。 7. to tell 考查不定式做目的状语。句意：京剧结合音乐和戏剧来讲述传奇故事。to tell 是不定式作目的状语，解释京剧的“目的”是讲故事。 8. to balance 考查不定式做宾补。句意：中医建议人们平衡身心……。to balance 是不定式作宾语补足语，表示“建议”的具体内容。 9. to cultivate 考查不定式做定语。句意：茶道不仅是品味，更是培养耐心的方法。to cultivate 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 a way，说明“方法”的目的。 10. To preserve 考查不定式做主语。句意：保护这些传统就是尊重中国悠久的历史。To preserve 和 to honor 是对应的不定式，分别作主语和表语，这时前后要用对称形式，表示抽象概念。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2020年1月浙江高考）Something significant is happening to the world population--it is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 ____ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the _________(number) are more striking -- 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is driven ____ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large __________ (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes ______ (old) than before. This is ____________ (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has ___ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should __________ (place) on longevity (长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier _____ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy. was to increase numbers by compared older particularly a be placed and 【导语】本文探讨了全球人口老龄化现象及其驱动因素。文章通过对比不同年代的数据(如美国、日本1950年与2050年的年龄中位数变化)，指出人口老龄化的两大原因：生育率下降和寿命延长，并强调长寿对经济的积极影响(如延长工作年限、促进消费等)。 1. was 考查一般过去时。句意：1950年美国人的年龄中位数是30岁。此空用一般过去时态，描述1950年的历史事实。(时间状语in 1950提示用过去时。) 2. to increase 考查动词不定式,表将来预期。句意：如今是41岁，预计到2050年将增至42岁。to increase是不定式作主语补足语，与is expected构成被动语态(be expected to do)。 3. numbers 考查名词复数。句意：对日本而言，这些数字更加惊人……。此空应该用numbers(复数形式)，指代前文提到的多个年龄数据(22, 46, 53)。 4. by 考查介词。句意：人口老龄化由两大因素驱动。此空by是被动语态搭配，表示被动语态的动作发出者(由……导致)。 5. compared 考查过去分词。句意：与年轻一代相比，老一代人口更庞大。compared是过去分词作状语，表比较(compared to = 与……相比)。分词作状语(省略主语，逻辑主语需与主句一致)。 6. older 考查形容词比较级。句意：人口平均年龄比以前更大。此空用older(比较级)与than before构成比较结构。 7. particularly 考查副词。句意：这在美国尤为明显。particularly (副词)修饰其后 形容词true，强调程度。副词用法(需修饰形容词/动词/句子)。 8. a 考查不定冠词。句意：如今在美国出生的孩子有极大可能活到100岁以上……。此空a(不定冠词)表示泛指“一个机会”。其后的very是以辅音音素开头的词，故填a。 9. be placed 考查情态动词被动形式。句意：然而，应更关注长寿问题。attention与place为逻辑上的动宾关系，短语place one’s attention意为“关注”。情态动词被动(should + be + 过去分词)。 10. and 考查并列连词。句意：他们更健康、更有生产力，且持续时间更长。and (并列连词)，连接两个形容词healthier和more productive。并列结构(前后成分需一致：形容词+形容词)。 Thank you $$